1/14/2025 10th

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MATHEMATICS

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UNIT EXERCISE COMPLETE
SOLUTION

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NEW SYLLABUS 2024-2025

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PREPARED AND DRAWING BY

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.SC, B.ED
 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

10th MATHS UNIT EXERCISE

4. Let 𝑨𝑨 = {𝟗𝟗, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏} and
let 𝒇𝒇: 𝑨𝑨 → 𝑵𝑵 be defined by 𝒇𝒇(𝒏𝒏) = the highest
prime factor of 𝒏𝒏 ∈ 𝑨𝑨. Write 𝒇𝒇 as a set of
FULL SOLUTION
ordered pairs and find the range of 𝒇𝒇.
NEW SYLLABUS EM (2024-2025) Solution:
CHAPTER – 1 (RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS) Given: 𝐴𝐴 = {9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17}
𝑓𝑓(𝑛𝑛) =The highest prime factor of 𝑛𝑛
1. If the ordered pairs (𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙, 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝟒𝟒𝒚𝒚) and
𝑓𝑓(9) = 3, [9 = 3 × 3]
(−𝟐𝟐, 𝟓𝟓) are equal, then find 𝒙𝒙 and 𝒚𝒚.
𝑓𝑓(10) = 5, [10 = 2 × 5]
Solution:
𝑓𝑓(11) = 11, [11 is a prime number]

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Given: (𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 2 + 4𝑦𝑦) and (−2,5) are equal
𝑓𝑓(12) = 3, [12 = 2 × 2 × 3]

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(𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦 2 + 4𝑦𝑦) = (−2,5)
2 𝑓𝑓(13) = 13, [13 is a prime number]
𝑥𝑥2 − 3𝑥𝑥 = −2
𝑓𝑓(14) = 7, [14 = 2 × 7

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𝑥𝑥2 − 3𝑥𝑥 + 2 = 0
−2 −1 𝑓𝑓(15) = 5, [15 = 3 × 5]
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑓𝑓(16) = 2, [16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2]

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𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟐
−5 −3 𝑓𝑓(17) = 17, [17 is a prime number]
𝑦𝑦2 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 5 − 5
vi 𝑓𝑓 = {(9,3), (10,5), (11,11), (12,3), (13,13), (14,7),
𝑦𝑦2 + 4𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 0
(15,5), (16,2), (17,17)}
(𝑦𝑦 + 5)(𝑦𝑦 − 1) = 0 5 −1
Range of 𝑓𝑓 = {2,3,5,7,11,13,17}
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𝒚𝒚 = −𝟓𝟓, 𝟏𝟏 (Note: 1 is neither a prime nor a composite)
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4
5. Find the domain of the function
2. The cartesian product 𝑨𝑨 × 𝑨𝑨 has 9 elements
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among which (−𝟏𝟏, 𝟎𝟎) and (𝟎𝟎, 𝟏𝟏) are found. Find 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = �𝟏𝟏 + �𝟏𝟏 − �𝟏𝟏 − 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
the set 𝑨𝑨 and the remaining elements of 𝑨𝑨 × 𝑨𝑨.
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Solution: Solution:
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Given 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 × 𝐴𝐴) = 9 . Also the two ordered pairs

𝐴𝐴 × 𝐴𝐴 = (−1,0) and (0,1) Given: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �1 + �1 − √1 − 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) × 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) = 9, 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) = 3
When 𝑥𝑥 = 0; 𝑓𝑓(0) = �1 + �1 − √1 − 0 = 1
From the given two ordered pairs of (−1,0) and (0,1)
𝐴𝐴 = {−1,0,1}, 𝐴𝐴 × 𝐴𝐴 = {−1,0,1} × {−1,0,1}
When 𝑥𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑓𝑓(1) = �1 + �1 − √1 − 1 = √2
= {(1, −1), (−1,0), (−1,1), (0, −1), (0, 0), (0,1)
(1, −1), (1,0), (1,1)}
When 𝑥𝑥 = −1 ; 𝑓𝑓(−1) = �1 + �1 − √1 − 1 = 1
The remaining elements of
𝐴𝐴 × 𝐴𝐴 = {(1, −1), (−1,1), (0, −1), (0,0), (1, −1),
When 𝑥𝑥 = 2; 𝑓𝑓(2) = �1 + �1 − √1 − 4
(1,0), (1,1) }

3. Given that 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = �√𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏 𝒙𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟏. Find = �1 + �1 − √−3 is an imaginary

𝟒𝟒 𝒙𝒙 < 𝟏𝟏
(i) 𝒇𝒇(𝟎𝟎) (ii) 𝒇𝒇(𝟑𝟑) (iii) 𝒇𝒇(𝒂𝒂 + 𝟏𝟏) in terms of 𝒂𝒂.
When 𝑥𝑥 = −2; 𝑓𝑓(−2) = �1 + �1 − √1 − 4
(Given that 𝒂𝒂 ≥ 𝟎𝟎 )
Solution: = �1 + �1 − √−3 is an imaginary
Given: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = �√𝑥𝑥 − 1, 𝑥𝑥 ≥ 1 From the above, except (−1,0,1) the result for the
4, 𝑥𝑥 < 1
other values of 𝑥𝑥 become imaginary.
(i) 𝑓𝑓(0) = 4 0 < 1, [It satisfies the 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 condition]
The domain = {−1,0,1}
(ii) 𝑓𝑓(3) = √3 − 1 → 𝑓𝑓(3) = √2 3 ≥ 1, 6. If 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 , 𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙) = 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙 and 𝒉𝒉(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐,
[it satisfies the 1st condition] Prove that (𝒇𝒇 ∘ 𝒈𝒈) ∘ 𝒉𝒉 = 𝒇𝒇 ∘ (𝒈𝒈 ∘ 𝒉𝒉).
(iii) 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎 + 1) = �(𝑎𝑎 + 1) − 1 → 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎 + 1) = √𝑎𝑎 Solution:
𝑎𝑎 + 1 ≥ 1, [it satisfies the 1st condition] Given : 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 3𝑥𝑥 and ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 − 2 ;
To prove : (𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔) ∘ ℎ = 𝑓𝑓 ∘ (𝑔𝑔 ∘ ℎ)

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

(𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)) 𝟏𝟏

(i) Calculate the value of 𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈 �𝟐𝟐�
= 𝑓𝑓(3𝑥𝑥)
(ii) Write an expression for 𝒈𝒈𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙) in its
= (3𝑥𝑥)2 = 9𝑥𝑥 2
simplest form.
(𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔) ∘ ℎ = 𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔(ℎ(𝑥𝑥))
Solution:
= 𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 − 2) 𝑥𝑥−2
2
Given: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 6𝑥𝑥 + 8 ; 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 3
= 9(𝑥𝑥 − 2) − − − − − − − (1) 𝑥𝑥−2
−2
(𝑔𝑔 ∘ ℎ) = 𝑔𝑔(ℎ(𝑥𝑥)) (i) 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔�𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥)� = 3 3

= 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥 − 2) 𝑥𝑥 − 2 − 6
= 3(𝑥𝑥 − 2) =
3×3

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𝑓𝑓 ∘ (𝑔𝑔 ∘ ℎ) = 𝑓𝑓(𝑔𝑔 ∘ ℎ) 𝑥𝑥 − 8
=
= (3(𝜒𝜒 − 2))2 9

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𝑥𝑥 − 8
= 9(𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 − − − − − − − (2) 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) =

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9
From (1) & (2) (𝑓𝑓 ∘ 𝑔𝑔) ∘ ℎ = 𝑓𝑓 ∘ (𝑔𝑔 ∘ ℎ) 1
1 −8
Hence Proved 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 � � = 2

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2 9
7. Let 𝑨𝑨 = {𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟐} and 𝑩𝑩 = {𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟐, 𝟑𝟑, 𝟒𝟒}, 𝑪𝑪 = {𝟓𝟓, 𝟔𝟔} 1 − 16
and 𝑫𝑫 = {𝟓𝟓, 𝟔𝟔, 𝟕𝟕, 𝟖𝟖}. Verify whether 𝐀𝐀 × 𝐂𝐂 is a =
vi 2×9
subset of 𝐁𝐁 × 𝐃𝐃 ? 15 5
=− = −
Solution:
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2×9 6
Given: 𝐴𝐴 = {1,2} 𝐵𝐵 = {1,2,3,4} 𝐶𝐶 = {1,6} (ii) 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑔𝑔(𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
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𝐷𝐷 = {5,6,7,8} To show that : 𝐴𝐴 × 𝐶𝐶 ⊂ 𝐵𝐵 × 𝐷𝐷 = 𝑔𝑔(6𝑥𝑥 + 8)

𝐴𝐴 × 𝐶𝐶 = {1,2} × {5,6} 6𝑥𝑥 + 8 − 2
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=
= {(1,5), (1,6), (2,5), (2,6)} − − − − − (1) 3
6𝑥𝑥 + 6
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𝐵𝐵 × 𝐷𝐷 = {1,2,3,4} × {5,6,7,8} =
= {(1,5), (1,6), (1,7), (1,8), (2,5), (2,6), 3
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6(𝑥𝑥 + 1)
(2,7), (2,8), (3,5), (3,6), (3,7), (3,8), (4,5), =
3
(4,6), (4,7), (4,8)} − − − − − (2)
= 2(𝑥𝑥 + 1)
From (1) & (2) 𝐴𝐴 × 𝐶𝐶 ⊂ 𝐵𝐵 × 𝐷𝐷
10. Write the domain of the following real
Hence Proved functions
𝒙𝒙−𝟏𝟏
8. If 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙+𝟏𝟏 , 𝒙𝒙 ≠ −𝟏𝟏 show that (i) 𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) =
𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙+𝟏𝟏 −𝟓𝟓
(ii) 𝒑𝒑(𝒙𝒙) = 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 +𝟏𝟏
𝒙𝒙−𝟗𝟗
𝟏𝟏
𝒇𝒇(𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙)) = − 𝒙𝒙 provided 𝒙𝒙 ≠ 𝟎𝟎. (iii) 𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙) = √𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐 (iv) 𝒉𝒉(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟔𝟔
Solution: Solution:
𝑥𝑥−1 2𝑥𝑥+1
Given: If 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥+1 (i). 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥−9
show that 𝑓𝑓�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)� = − 𝑥𝑥
1 According to the denominator all values are defined
𝑥𝑥 − 1 except 𝑥𝑥 = 9
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = Domain of 𝑓𝑓 = ℝ − {9}
𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝑥𝑥 − 1 −5
(ii). 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥) = 4𝑥𝑥 2+1
−1
𝑓𝑓�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)� = 𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝑥𝑥 − 1 According to the denominator, all values 𝑥𝑥 are defined
𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 1 Domain of 𝑝𝑝 = ℝ
𝑥𝑥 − 1 − 𝑥𝑥 − 1
𝑥𝑥 + 1 (iii). 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = √𝑥𝑥 − 2
=
𝑥𝑥 − 1 + 𝑥𝑥 + 1 According to the Square root, when 𝑥𝑥 < 2, it will
𝑥𝑥 + 1 become an imaginary.
−2 1
𝑓𝑓�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)� = 2𝑥𝑥
→ 𝑓𝑓�𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)� = − 𝑥𝑥
(Proved) Domain of 𝑔𝑔 = [2, ∞)
9. The functions 𝒇𝒇 and 𝒈𝒈 are defined by (iv). ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 + 6 ℎ(𝑥𝑥) is defined for all values 𝑥𝑥
𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐 Domain of ℎ = ℝ
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙 + 𝟖𝟖; 𝒈𝒈(𝒙𝒙) =
𝟑𝟑

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

CHAPTER – 2 (NUMBERS AND SEQUENCES) (Addition of Modulo arithmetic)

𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 + 3𝑐𝑐 ≡ 14 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13)
1. Prove that 𝒏𝒏𝟐𝟐 − 𝒏𝒏 divisible by 2 for every
𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 + 3𝑐𝑐 ≡ 1 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) [14 = 13 × 1 + 1]
positive integer 𝒏𝒏.
When 𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 + 3𝑐𝑐 is divided by 13,
Solution:
The remainder is 1.
To Prove: 𝑛𝑛2 − 𝑛𝑛 divisible by 2 for every positive
4. Show that 107 is of the form 𝟒𝟒𝒒𝒒 + 𝟑𝟑 for any
integer 𝑛𝑛.
integer 𝒒𝒒.
𝑛𝑛2 − 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛 − 1)
Solution:
Here, when 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂, 𝑛𝑛 − 1 becomes even
Let 107 = 4𝑞𝑞 + 3
when 𝑛𝑛 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸, 𝑛𝑛 − 1 becomes odd
107 − 3 = 4𝑞𝑞

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The product of an odd and an even is always an even
104 = 4𝑞𝑞

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number which is divisible by 2.
104 is divisible by 4 for any integer 𝑞𝑞.
∴ 𝑛𝑛2 − 𝑛𝑛 divisible by 2 for every positive integer 𝑛𝑛.

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∴ 107 is of the form 4𝑞𝑞 + 3.
2. A milk man has 175 litres of cow's milk and 105
litres of buffalow's milk. He wishes to sell the 5. If (𝒎𝒎 + 𝟏𝟏)th term of an A.P. is twice the
(𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏)th term, then prove that (𝟑𝟑𝒎𝒎 + 𝟏𝟏)th

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milk by filling the two types of milk in cans of
equal capacity. Calculate the following (i) term is twice the (𝒎𝒎 + 𝒏𝒏 + 𝟏𝟏)𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 term.
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Capacity of a can (ii) Number of cans of cow's Solution:
milk (iii) Number of cans of buffalow's milk. Let 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑑𝑑 be the 1st term and the common difference
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Solution: of an AP
Cow’s milk = 175 litres; It’s 𝑛𝑛𝑡𝑡ℎ term → 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑
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Buffalow’s milk = 105 litres The condition given is 𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚+1 = 2(𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛+1)

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The milkman wants to separate them with equal sizes of 𝑎𝑎 + (𝑚𝑚 + 1 − 1)𝑑𝑑 = 2[𝑎𝑎 + (𝑛𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑𝑑]
can. The size of the can is the HCF of (175, 105) 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 2[𝑎𝑎 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛] − − − − − (1)
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175 = 5 × 5 × 7; Also 𝑡𝑡3𝑚𝑚+1 = 𝑎𝑎 + (3𝑚𝑚 + 1 − 1)𝑑𝑑

105 = 3 × 5 × 7.
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= 𝑎𝑎 + 3𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
The HCF of (175,105) = 5 × 7 = 35 = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
(i) The capacity of the each can = 35 litre = 2(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛) + 2𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 [From(1) : 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 2[𝑎𝑎 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛]]
(ii) Number of cans required for cow’s milk : = 2(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛)
175 = 2[𝑎𝑎 + (𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛)𝑑𝑑]
=5
35 = 2[𝑎𝑎 + (𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 + 1 − 1)𝑑𝑑]
(iii) Number of cans required for buffalow’s milk :
= 2𝑡𝑡𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛+1
105
=3 (3𝑚𝑚 + 1)𝑡𝑡ℎ term = 2 × (𝑚𝑚 + 𝑛𝑛 + 1)𝑡𝑡ℎ term
35
3. When the positive integers 𝒂𝒂, 𝒃𝒃 and 𝒄𝒄 are Hence proved
divided by 13 the respective remainders are 9,7 6. Find the 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏th term from the last term of the
and 10 . Find the remainder when 𝒂𝒂 + 𝟐𝟐𝒃𝒃 + 𝟑𝟑𝒄𝒄 A. P −𝟐𝟐, −𝟒𝟒, −𝟔𝟔, … − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.
is divided by 13 . Solution:
Solution: Given 𝐴𝐴. 𝑃𝑃 = −2, −4, −6, …, −100
When 𝑎𝑎 is divided by 13, the remainder is 9 By reversing the given A.P = −100, , −6, −4, −2.
𝑎𝑎 ≡ 9(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) − − − (1) Now 𝑎𝑎 = −100, 𝑑𝑑 = −2 − (−4)
Similarly 𝑏𝑏 ≡ 7 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) − − − (2) = −2 + 4 = 2
Similarly 𝑐𝑐 ≡ 10 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) − − − (3) 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑
(2) × 2 → 2𝑏𝑏 ≡ 14 (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) 12𝑡𝑡ℎ term 𝑡𝑡12 = −100 + (12 − 1)2
(Multiplication of Modulo arithmetic) 𝑡𝑡12 = −100 + 22
2𝑏𝑏 ≡ 1(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) [14 = 13 × 1 + 1] = −78
(3) × 3 → 3𝑐𝑐 ≡ 30 (mod 13) The 12𝑡𝑡ℎ from the last term of the given AP is −78
3𝑐𝑐 ≡ 4(𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13) [30 = 13 × 2 + 4]
𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏 + 3𝑐𝑐 ≡ (9 + 1 + 4) (𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 13)
Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)
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7. Two A.P.'s have the same common difference. When 𝑟𝑟 = √3, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = √6; 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑟𝑟 =
√6 √3×√2
= √2
The first term of one A.P. is 2 and that of the √3
√6 √3×√2
other is 7. Show that the difference between When 𝑟𝑟 = −√3, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = √6; 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑟𝑟 = −√3 = −√2
their 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏th terms is the same as the difference The general GP sequence: 𝑎𝑎, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 2 ,
between their 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐st terms, which is the same as The required GP with 𝑎𝑎 = √2 and 𝑟𝑟 = √3 :
the difference between any two corresponding 2
terms. √2, √2 × √3, √2 × √3 ,
Solution: √2, √6, 3√2,
Given : 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴1= 2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴2= 7 The required GP with = −√2 and 𝑟𝑟 = −√3:
st
1st term 2, 1 term 7. −√2, (−√2) × (−√3), (−√2) × (−√3)2 , ..

n
The common difference is the same for both the AP’s

l.i
−√2, √6, −3√2,
Difference of the 𝑛𝑛𝑡𝑡ℎ terms of the two AP’s:
𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 of 𝐴𝐴𝑃𝑃1 − 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 of 𝐴𝐴𝑃𝑃2 10. The value of a motor cycle depreciates at the

da
[𝑎𝑎1 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑] − [𝐴𝐴1 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑] rate of 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏% per year. What will be the value of
2 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑 − 7 − (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑 = −5 the motor cycle 3 year hence, which is now

ka
The Difference between any corresponding terms of the purchased for ₹ 45,000 ?
two AP’s is always −5 Solution:
The Difference between their 10𝑡𝑡ℎ terms = −5
vi Given :
Present Value of the motor cycle: 𝑎𝑎 = ₹ 45000
The Difference between their21st terms = −5
al
Depreciation = 15% .
∴ 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 of 𝐴𝐴𝑃𝑃1 − 𝑇𝑇𝑛𝑛 of 𝐴𝐴𝑃𝑃2 = −5 15 85
.k

8. A man saved ₹ 16500 in ten years. In each year The depreciation constant ratio : 𝑟𝑟 = 1 − 100 = 100
after the first he saved ₹ 100 more than he did To find the value of the motor cycle after 3 years
w

in the preceding year. How much did he save means the value at the 4𝑡𝑡ℎ year. 𝑛𝑛 = 4
w

in the first year? Depreciated value after 3 year i.e. 𝑡𝑡𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎 × 𝑟𝑟 𝑛𝑛−1
Solution: 85 4−1
w

Given : 𝑆𝑆10 = 16500 = 45000 × � �

100
Let the 1st year savings = 𝑎𝑎 85 3
The 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 year savings = 𝑎𝑎 + 100 = 45000 × � �
100
The 3𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 year savings = 𝑎𝑎 + 100 + 100 = 𝑎𝑎 + 200 85 85 85
= 45000 × × ×
It forms an AP with a common difference 𝑑𝑑 = 100 100 100 100
𝑛𝑛 = 27635.625
𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 = [2𝑎𝑎 + (𝑛𝑛 − 1)𝑑𝑑]
2 The value of the motor cycle after 3 years = ₹ 27636
10
𝑆𝑆10 = [2𝑎𝑎 + (10 − 1)100] = 16500 CHAPTER – 3 (ALGEBRA)
2
5 [2𝑎𝑎 + 900] = 16500 𝟏𝟏
1. Solve 𝟑𝟑 (𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚 − 𝟓𝟓) = 𝒚𝒚 − 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟗𝟗 −
16500
2𝑎𝑎 + 900 = = 3300 (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐𝒛𝒛)
5
Solution:
2𝑎𝑎 = 3300 − 900 = 2400
2400 Given:
𝑎𝑎 = = 1200 1
2 (𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 5) = 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧
In the 1st year he saved ₹ 1200. 3
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 3𝑦𝑦 − 3𝑧𝑧
9. Find the G.P. in which the 𝟐𝟐nd term is √𝟔𝟔 and
𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 5 − − − − − (1)
the 𝟔𝟔th term is 𝟗𝟗√𝟔𝟔.
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 11
Solution:
2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 11 − − − − − −(2)
Given: The 2𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 term of the GP i.e. 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = √6
2𝑥𝑥 − 11 = 9 − (𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑧𝑧)
The 6𝑡𝑡ℎ term of the GP i.e. 𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 5 = 9√6
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 20 − − − − − (3)
𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑟 5 9√6
= (2) × 2 ⇒ 4𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 22 − − − −(4)
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 √6
𝑟𝑟 4 = 9 (or) 𝑟𝑟 2 = 3 (or) 𝑟𝑟 = ±√3 𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 = 5 − − − − − −(1)
Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)
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(4) −(1) ⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 = 17 − − − −(5) hundreds digit by twice as that of the tens digit
3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑧𝑧 = 20 − − − − − (3) exceeds the unit digit. Find the original number.
3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 = 17 − − − − − (5) Solution:
(3) −(5) ⇒ 3𝑧𝑧 = 3 Let 𝑥𝑥, y, 𝑧𝑧 be the 100𝑡𝑡ℎ , 10𝑡𝑡ℎ and the unit place of the 3
digit number.
𝑧𝑧 = 1
Then the number becomes: 100𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧
(5) ⇒ 3𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 17
100𝑦𝑦 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 = 3(100𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧) + 54
3𝑥𝑥 = 18
100𝑦𝑦 + 10𝑥𝑥 + 𝑧𝑧 = 300𝑥𝑥 + 30𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑧𝑧 + 54
𝑥𝑥 = 6
290𝑥𝑥 − 70𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑧𝑧 = −54
(2) ⇒ 2 (6) −𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 11
145𝑥𝑥 − 35𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = −27 − − − −(1)

n
𝑦𝑦 = 13 − 11
100𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 + 198 = 100𝑧𝑧 + 10𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥

l.i
𝑦𝑦 = 2
99𝑥𝑥 − 99𝑧𝑧 = −198
𝑥𝑥 = 6 𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑧𝑧 = 1

da
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 = −2
2. One hundred and fifty students are admitted to 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2 − − − −(2)
a school. They are distributed over three

ka
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 2(𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧)
sections 𝑨𝑨, 𝑩𝑩 and 𝑪𝑪. If 6 students are shifted
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧
from section A to section 𝑪𝑪, the sections will vi 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑧𝑧 = 0
have equal number of students. If 4 times of
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2(𝑥𝑥 + 2) = 0 [From (2)𝑧𝑧 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2]
students of section 𝑪𝑪 exceeds the number of
al
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 4 = 0
students of section 𝑨𝑨 by the number of students
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 4 − − − −(3)
.k

in section 𝑩𝑩, find the number of students in the

three sections. Substitute (1) in (2) and (3) Equation
w

Solution: 145𝑥𝑥 − 35(𝑥𝑥 + 4) + 𝑥𝑥 + 2 = −27 − − − −(4)

Let x, 𝑦𝑦, 𝑧𝑧 be the number of students in the sections 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵 145𝑥𝑥 − 35𝑥𝑥 − 140 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2 = −27
w

and C. 111𝑥𝑥 = 111

w

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 150 − − − −(1) 𝑥𝑥 = 1
𝑥𝑥 − 6 = 𝑧𝑧 + 6 (3) ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 1 + 4 = 5
(2) ⇒ 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2 = 1 + 2 = 3
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑧𝑧 = 12 − − − − − (2)
𝑥𝑥 = 1 𝑦𝑦 = 5 𝑧𝑧 = 3
4𝑧𝑧 − 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦
Required Number is = 100(1) + 10(5) + 3 = 153
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 4𝑧𝑧 = 0 − − − − − (3)
4. Find the least common multiple of 𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙(𝒌𝒌𝟐𝟐 +
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑧𝑧 = 150 − − − − − (1)
𝟏𝟏) + 𝒌𝒌(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 ) and 𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙(𝒌𝒌𝟐𝟐 − 𝟏𝟏) + 𝒌𝒌(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 )
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 4𝑧𝑧 = 0 − − − − − (3)
Solution:
(1) −(3) ⇒ 5𝑧𝑧 = 150
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥(𝑘𝑘 2 + 1) + 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑘𝑘 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦 2
𝑧𝑧 = 30
= 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑘𝑘 2 + 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
(2) ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 − 30 = 12 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥) + 𝑦𝑦(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥)
= (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑦𝑦)(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥)
𝑥𝑥 = 42
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥(𝑘𝑘 − 1) + 𝑘𝑘(𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 ) = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑘𝑘 2 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦 2
2 2 2
(1) ⇒ 42 + 𝑦𝑦 + 30 = 150
= 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑘𝑘 2 + 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑘𝑘𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = 78
= 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥) − 𝑦𝑦(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥)
The number of students in the sections 𝐴𝐴 = 42; = (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥)(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑦𝑦)
The number of students in the sections 𝐵𝐵 = 78; Hence, LCM = (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥)(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑦𝑦)(𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 − 𝑦𝑦)
The number of students in the sections 𝐶𝐶 = 30.
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 = (𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑥𝑥)(𝑘𝑘 2 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 )
3. In a three-digit number, when the tens and the
hundreds digit are interchanged the new 5. Find the GCD of the following by division
number is 54 more than three times the original algorithm
number. If 198 is added to the number, the 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟒𝟒 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 + 𝟕𝟕, 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙
digits are reversed. The tens digit exceeds the +𝟏𝟏, 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏
Solution:
Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)
 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 2𝑥𝑥 4 + 13𝑥𝑥 3 + 27𝑥𝑥 2 + 23𝑥𝑥 + 7 1 1

+ 𝑞𝑞 2 + 𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑝𝑝2
𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑝𝑝 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟
× �1 + �
1 1 2𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞
ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝑝𝑝 − 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟
2𝑥𝑥 + 7
𝑥𝑥3 + 3𝑥𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 2𝑥𝑥 4 + 13𝑥𝑥 3 + 27𝑥𝑥 2 + 23𝑥𝑥 + 7 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑝𝑝
2𝑥𝑥 4 + 6𝑥𝑥 3 + 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 𝑝𝑝(𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟) 2𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞 + 𝑞𝑞 2 + 𝑟𝑟 2 − 𝑝𝑝2
= 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 − 𝑝𝑝 × � �
(−) 2𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞
7𝑥𝑥 3 + 21𝑥𝑥 2 + 21𝑥𝑥 + 7 𝑝𝑝(𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟)
7𝑥𝑥 3 + 21𝑥𝑥 2 + 21𝑥𝑥 + 7 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑝𝑝 (𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟)2 − 𝑝𝑝2
(−) = ×
𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 − 𝑝𝑝 2𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞
0

n
𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑝𝑝 (𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 + 𝑝𝑝)(𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 − 𝑝𝑝)
= ×

l.i
𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟 − 𝑝𝑝 2𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞
𝑥𝑥 + 1 (𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 + 𝑟𝑟) 2
=

da
𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥3 + 3𝑥𝑥2 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 2𝑞𝑞𝑞𝑞
𝑥𝑥3 + 2𝑥𝑥2 + 1𝑥𝑥
(−)
8. Arul, Madan and Ram working together can

ka
𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 clean a store in 6 hours. Working alone, Madan
𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 takes twice as long to clean the store as Arul
vi
(−) does. Ram needs three times as long as Arul
0 does. How long would it take each if they are
al
GCD of 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥), 𝑔𝑔(𝑥𝑥), ℎ(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 working alone?
Solution:
.k

6. Reduce the given Rational expressions to its lowest

Arul, Ravi and Ram together complete the work in 6
form
w

1
ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟. So their combined workmanship = 6
𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑𝒂𝒂 −𝟖𝟖
(i) 𝟐𝟐𝒂𝒂 Let Arul completes the works alone by himself
w

𝒙𝒙 +𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝒂𝒂 +𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 −𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 +𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝑥𝑥 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
(ii)
w

−𝟒𝟒−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
Ravi completes the works alone by himself
Solution: = 2𝑥𝑥 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑥𝑥 3𝑎𝑎 − 8 (𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎 )3 − 23 And Ram completes the works alone by himself
(𝑖𝑖) 2𝑎𝑎 = = 3𝑥𝑥 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎 + 4 𝑥𝑥 2𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎 + 4
𝑎𝑎 2𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 1 1 1
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)(𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 4) Their individual workmanships = 𝑥𝑥, 2𝑥𝑥, 3𝑥𝑥
=
𝑥𝑥 2𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎 + 4 Their combined workmanships
𝑎𝑎
= 𝑥𝑥 − 2 1 1 1 1
10𝑥𝑥 3 − 25𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥 − 10 + + =
(𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 3𝑥𝑥 6
−4 − 10𝑥𝑥 2 6+3+2 1
2
5𝑥𝑥 (2𝑥𝑥 − 5) + 2(2𝑥𝑥 − 5) =
6𝑥𝑥 6
= 2 11 1
−2(2 + 5𝑥𝑥 )
=
(5𝑥𝑥 2 + 2)(2𝑥𝑥 − 5) 6𝑥𝑥 6
= 𝑥𝑥 = 11
−2(5𝑥𝑥 2 + 2)
2𝑥𝑥 − 5 Arul completes the works alone by himself in 11 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
= Ravi completes the works alone by himself in
−2
5 2 × 11 = 22 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
= −𝑥𝑥 + Ram completes the works alone by himself in
2
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 3 × 11 = 33 ℎ𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
+
𝒑𝒑 𝒒𝒒+𝒓𝒓 𝒒𝒒𝟐𝟐 +𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 −𝒑𝒑𝟐𝟐
7. Simplify: 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 × �𝟏𝟏 + �
− 𝟐𝟐𝒒𝒒𝒒𝒒 9. Find the square root of
𝒑𝒑 𝒒𝒒+𝒓𝒓
Solution: 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟒𝟒 − 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑.
Solution:
To find Square root of
289𝑥𝑥 4 − 612𝑥𝑥 3 + 970𝑥𝑥 2 − 684𝑥𝑥 + 361

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 36
2 =
17𝑥𝑥 − 18𝑥𝑥 + 19 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (𝑥𝑥 + 4)
17 289𝑥𝑥 4 − 612𝑥𝑥 3 + 970𝑥𝑥 2 − 684 + 361 The time taken on the upstream travel =The time taken
289𝑥𝑥 4 on the downstream travel +1.6ℎ𝑟𝑟
(−)
Difference in time taken: 𝑇𝑇2 − 𝑇𝑇1 = 1.6 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/ℎ𝑟𝑟
34𝑥𝑥 − 18 −612𝑥𝑥 3 + 970𝑥𝑥 2
−612𝑥𝑥 3 + 374𝑥𝑥 2 36 36 8
− = 1.6 =
(−) 𝑥𝑥 − 4 𝑥𝑥 + 4 5
34𝑥𝑥 2 − 36 + 19 646𝑥𝑥 2 − 684 + 361 1 1 8
646𝑥𝑥 2 − 684 + 361
36 � − �=
𝑥𝑥 − 4 𝑥𝑥 + 4 5
(−) 𝑥𝑥 + 4 − 𝑥𝑥 + 4 8
� �=

n
0 (𝑥𝑥 − 4)(𝑥𝑥 + 4) 5 × 36

l.i
8 8
�289𝑥𝑥 4 − 612𝑥𝑥 3 + 970𝑥𝑥 2 − 684𝑥𝑥 + 361 = 2
=
∴ 𝑥𝑥 − 16 180

da
|17𝑥𝑥 2 − 18𝑥𝑥 + 19| 𝑥𝑥 2 − 16 = 180
𝑥𝑥 2 = 196
10. Solve �𝒚𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 + �𝟐𝟐𝒚𝒚 − 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟑𝟑

ka
Solution: 𝑥𝑥 = ±14
Speed will never be negative, the speed of the boat
�𝑦𝑦 + 1 + �2𝑦𝑦 − 5 = 3 vi = 14 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/ℎ𝑟𝑟.
�𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 3 − �2𝑦𝑦 − 5
12. Is it possible to design a rectangular park of
al
Squaring on Both side
(�𝑦𝑦 + 1)2 = (3 − �2𝑦𝑦 − 5)2 perimeter 320 m and area 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝐦𝐦𝟐𝟐 ? If so find
.k

its length and breadth.

𝑦𝑦 + 1 = 9 + 2𝑦𝑦 − 5 − 6�2𝑦𝑦 − 5
Solution:
w

𝑦𝑦 + 3 = 6�2𝑦𝑦 − 5 Given:
(𝑦𝑦 + 3)2 = 36(2𝑦𝑦 − 5)
w

Perimeter of the rectangular park = 360 𝑚𝑚 and

Squaring on Both side its area = 4800 𝑚𝑚2
w

𝑦𝑦 2 + 6𝑦𝑦 + 9 = 72𝑦𝑦 − 180 Let the length and the breadth of the
𝑦𝑦 2 − 66𝑦𝑦 + 189 = 0 rectangular park = 𝑙𝑙, Type equation here.
(𝑦𝑦 − 3)(𝑦𝑦 − 63) = 0 Perimeter of the Rectangle = 3201 𝑚𝑚
𝑦𝑦 = 3; 63 2 (𝑙𝑙 + 𝑏𝑏) = 320
𝑙𝑙 + 𝑏𝑏 = 160
11. A boat takes 1.6 hours longer to go 36 kms up a 𝑏𝑏 = 160 − 𝑙𝑙
river than down the river. If the speed of the Area of the Rectangle = 4800 𝑚𝑚2
water current is 4 km per hr , what is the speed 𝑙𝑙 × 𝑏𝑏 = 4800
of the boat in still water? 𝑙𝑙 × (160 − 𝑙𝑙) = 4800
Solution: 160𝑙𝑙 − 𝑙𝑙 2 = 4800
Given: The speed of the river = 4 kmph 𝑙𝑙2 − 160𝑙𝑙 + 4800 = 0
Distance travelled by the boat on the upstream and the (𝑙𝑙 − 120)(𝑙𝑙 − 40) = 0
downstream side = 36 km 𝑙𝑙 = 120,40
Let the speed of the boat = 𝑥𝑥 kmph 𝑏𝑏 = 160 − 120𝑧𝑧
The speed of the boat on the upstream side
𝑏𝑏 = 40
= (𝑥𝑥 − 4) kmph
The length and the breadth of the
The speed of the boat on the downstream side
Rectangular park = 120 𝑚𝑚, 40 𝑚𝑚
= (𝑥𝑥 + 4) kmph
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 13. At 𝒕𝒕 minutes past 2 pm , the time needed to 3
The time taken for the upstream travel = 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝒕𝒕𝟐𝟐
pm is 3 minutes less than 𝟒𝟒 . Find 𝒕𝒕.
36
= Solution:
(𝑥𝑥 − 4)
Given: The time past after 2 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑡𝑡 minutes
And the time taken for the downstream travel
𝑡𝑡 2
And the time need to reach 3 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = � 4 − 3� minutes

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

The time between 2 pm and 3 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 1 ℎ𝑟𝑟 (or) 60 = 3 + 2 × 2 + 4 = 11

minutes The required equation :
𝑡𝑡 2 𝑥𝑥 2 − (Sum of roots)𝑥𝑥 +Product of the roots = 0
𝑡𝑡 + − 3 = 60
4 𝑥𝑥 2 − 6𝑥𝑥 + 11 = 0
4𝑡𝑡 + 𝑡𝑡 2 − 12 = 240 𝛼𝛼−1 𝛽𝛽−1
(ii) To find the equation with the roots of 𝛼𝛼+1 , 𝛽𝛽+1
𝑡𝑡 2 + 4𝑡𝑡 − 252 = 0
(𝑡𝑡 + 18)(𝑡𝑡 − 14) = 0 Sum of the roots:
𝛼𝛼 − 1 𝛽𝛽 − 1 (𝛼𝛼 − 1)(𝛽𝛽 + 1) + (𝛼𝛼 + 1)(𝛽𝛽 − 1)
𝑡𝑡 = −18 (or) 14 + =
𝛼𝛼 + 1 𝛽𝛽 + 1 (𝛼𝛼 + 1)(𝛽𝛽 + 1)
Neglecting the negative value, 𝑡𝑡 = 14 minutes
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + 𝛼𝛼 − 𝛽𝛽 − 1 + 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 − 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 − 1
14. The number of seats in a row is equal to the =

n
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 1
total number of rows in a hall. The total number
2𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 − 2

l.i
of seats in the hall will increase by 375 if the =
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + (𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽) + 1
number of rows is doubled and the number of

da
2×3−2 4 2
seats in each row is reduced by 5 . Find the = = =
3+2+1 6 3
number of rows in the hall at the beginning. Product of the roots :

ka
Solution: 𝛼𝛼 − 1 𝛽𝛽 − 1 (𝛼𝛼 − 1)(𝛽𝛽 + 1) + (𝛼𝛼 + 1)(𝛽𝛽 − 1)
Let the number of rows = 𝑥𝑥; × =
vi 𝛼𝛼 + 1 𝛽𝛽 + 1 (𝛼𝛼 + 1)(𝛽𝛽 + 1)
As per the given condition the number of seats in each 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 − 𝛼𝛼 − 𝛽𝛽 + 1
row also = 𝑥𝑥 =
al
𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 + 1
The total number of seats in the hall = 𝑥𝑥 × 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 2 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 − (𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽) + 1
.k

If the rows are doubled and the seats are reduced by 5 in =

𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + (𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽) + 1
each row, then the total 3−2+1 2 1
w

seats are increased by 375 more than original. = = =

3+2+1 6 3
i.e. 2𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 5) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 375
w

The required equation :

2𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 375 𝑥𝑥 2 −( Sum of roots)x+Product of the roots = 0
w

2𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 − 375 = 0 2 1

𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + = 0
𝑥𝑥 2 − 10𝑥𝑥 − 375 = 0 3 3
(𝑥𝑥 − 25)(𝑥𝑥 + 15) = 0 2
Multiplying it by 3 →: 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 25 (or) −15 16. If -4 is a root of the equation 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 − 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎𝟎
Neglecting the negative value, the number of rows in the and if the equation 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒑𝒑𝒑𝒑 + 𝒒𝒒 = 𝟎𝟎 has equal
hall at the beginning = 25 roots, find the values of 𝒑𝒑 and 𝒒𝒒.
15. If 𝜶𝜶 and 𝜷𝜷 are the roots of the polynomial
Solution:
𝒇𝒇(𝒙𝒙) = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑, find the polynomial
Given : (−4) is the root of the eqn. 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 − 4
whose roots are (i) 𝜶𝜶 + 𝟐𝟐, 𝜷𝜷 + 𝟐𝟐
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 − 4 = 0
𝜶𝜶−𝟏𝟏 𝜷𝜷−𝟏𝟏 𝑓𝑓(−4) = (−4)2 + 𝑝𝑝(−4) − 4 = 0
(ii) , .
𝜶𝜶+𝟏𝟏 𝜷𝜷+𝟏𝟏 16 − 4𝑝𝑝 − 4 = 0
Solution: 4𝑝𝑝 = 12 (or) 𝑝𝑝 = 3
2
Given: 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 3; Also 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞 = 0 has equal roots.
Here 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = −2, 𝑐𝑐 = 3 For this equation 𝑎𝑎 = 1, 𝑏𝑏 = 𝑝𝑝, 𝑐𝑐 = 𝑞𝑞
Sum of the roots: 𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽 =
−𝑏𝑏
=
−(−2)
=2 For equal roots, 𝑏𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0
𝑎𝑎 1
𝑐𝑐 3
𝑝𝑝2 − 4 × 1 × 𝑞𝑞 = 0
Product of the roots : 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 = 𝑎𝑎 = 1 = 3 32 − 4𝑞𝑞 = 0
(i) To find the equation with the roots of 𝛼𝛼 + 2, 𝛽𝛽 + 2 9 − 4𝑞𝑞 = 0 [ 𝑝𝑝 = 3]
Sum of the roots: 4𝑞𝑞 = 9
(𝛼𝛼 + 2) + (𝛽𝛽 + 2) = (𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽) + 4 = 2 + 4 = 6 9
𝑞𝑞 =
Product of the roots: 4
(𝛼𝛼 + 2)(𝛽𝛽 + 2) = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + 2𝛼𝛼 + 2𝛽𝛽 + 4 9
𝑝𝑝 = 3, 𝑞𝑞 =
= 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼 + 2(𝛼𝛼 + 𝛽𝛽) + 4 4

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

17. Two farmers Thilagan and Kausigan cultivates cos 𝜃𝜃 �

cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃
�
three varieties of grains namely rice, wheat and −sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃
𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝜃𝜃 1 0
ragi. If the sale (in ₹) of three varieties of grains + sin 𝜃𝜃 � �=� �
cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑥𝑥 0 1
by both the farmers in the month of April is 2
given by the matrix and the May month sale (in � cos 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 �
− cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos2 𝜃𝜃
₹) is exactly twice as that of the April month sale 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃
+� �
for each variety. sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃
(i) What is the average sales of the months April 1 0
=� �
0 1
and May.
� cos2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃�
(ii) If the sales continues to increase in the same − cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 + sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 cos 2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃

n
way in the successive months, what will be sales 1 0
=� �

l.i
in the month of August? 0 1
2 1 0
April Sale in ₹ �cos 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 0 �=� �

da
2 0 1
Rice Wheat Ragi 0 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃
�����������������
𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 cos2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 1
𝑨𝑨 = � � 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃𝜃

ka
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲
Solution: 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 = sin2 𝜃𝜃
Given: April sale in ₹ vi 𝑥𝑥 = sin 𝜃𝜃
Rice Wheat Ragi 𝒑𝒑 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 −𝒒𝒒
19. Given 𝑨𝑨 = � � , 𝑩𝑩 = � �,
al
500 1000 1500 𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
𝐴𝐴 = � �
2500 1500 500 𝟐𝟐 −𝟐𝟐
𝑪𝑪 = � � and if 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 = 𝑪𝑪𝟐𝟐 , find 𝒑𝒑 and 𝒒𝒒.
.k

The sales in the month of May is exactly twice the April. 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐

The sales in the month of May = 2𝐴𝐴 Solution:
w

(i) The average sales of April and May 𝑝𝑝 0 0 −𝑞𝑞 2 −2

𝐴𝐴 = � � 𝐵𝐵 = � � 𝐶𝐶 = � �
𝐴𝐴 + 2𝐴𝐴 3𝐴𝐴 3 0 2 1 0 2 2
w

= = = × 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐶𝐶 2
2 2 2 0 −𝑞𝑞 𝑝𝑝 0 2 −2 2 −2
w

3 500 1000 1500 � �� �=� �� �

= � � 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2
2 2500 1500 500 0 + 0 0 − 2𝑞𝑞 4 − 4 −4 − 4
3 3 3 � �=� �
× 500 × 1000 × 1500 +𝑝𝑝0 0 + 0 4 + 4 −4 + 4
= �2 2 2 � �
0 −2𝑞𝑞
�=�
0 −8
�
3 3 3 𝑝𝑝 0
× 2500 × 1500 × 500 8 0
2 2 2 Equating Equal Elements
750 1500 2250
=� � 𝑝𝑝 = 8
3750 2250 750
(ii) Sales in April = A, May = 2A, June = 4A, −2𝑞𝑞 = −8
July = 8A, August = 16A 𝑞𝑞 = 4
Sales in August = 16𝐴𝐴 𝑝𝑝 = 8 , 𝑞𝑞 = 4
500 1000 1500 𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟔𝟔 𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑 𝟔𝟔
= 16 � � 20. 𝑨𝑨 = � � , 𝑩𝑩 = � � , 𝑪𝑪 = � � find
2500 1500 500 𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝟓 𝟖𝟖 𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
16 × 500 16 × 1000 16 × 1500 the matrix 𝑫𝑫, such that 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 − 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝟎𝟎.
=� �
16 × 2500 16 × 1500 16 × 500 Solution:
8000 16000 24000
=� � 3 0 6 3
40000 24000 8000 𝐴𝐴 = � �, 𝐵𝐵 = � �,
4 5 8 5
𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽
18. If 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 � �+ 3 6 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
−𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 𝐶𝐶 = � � 𝐷𝐷 = � �.
1 1 𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑
𝒙𝒙 −𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽
𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽 � � = 𝑰𝑰𝟐𝟐 , find 𝒙𝒙. 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 [𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 0 + 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴]
𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 𝒙𝒙
Solution: 3 6 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 3 0 6 3
� �� �=� �� �
cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 1 1 𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑 4 5 8 5
cos 𝜃𝜃 � � 3𝑎𝑎 + 6𝑐𝑐 3𝑏𝑏 + 6𝑑𝑑 18 + 0 9+0
− sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 � �=� �
𝑥𝑥 − cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑑𝑑 24 + 40 12 + 25
+ sin 𝜃𝜃 � � = 𝐼𝐼2 3𝑎𝑎 + 6𝑐𝑐 3𝑏𝑏 + 6𝑑𝑑 18 9
cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑥𝑥 � �=� �
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑑𝑑 64 37
3𝑎𝑎 + 6𝑐𝑐 = 18 ⇒ 𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑐𝑐 = 6 − − − −(1)
Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)
 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 = 64 − − − −(2) 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷

= =
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
3𝑏𝑏 + 6𝑑𝑑 = 9 ⇒ 𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑑𝑑 = 3 − − − −(3) 𝑦𝑦 4 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
= =
𝑏𝑏 + 𝑑𝑑 = 37 − − − −(4) 5 6 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑐𝑐 = 6 − − − −(1) 4×5
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑐𝑐 = 64 − − − −(2) 6
10
(1) − (2) ⇒ 𝑐𝑐 = −58 =
3
(2) ⇒ 𝑎𝑎 − 58 = 64 𝑦𝑦 = 3.33 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎 = 122
Let 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑎𝑎 = 6 cm,
𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑑𝑑 = 3 − − − −(3)

n
And 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑏𝑏 = 4 cm,
𝑏𝑏 + 𝑑𝑑 = 37 − − − (4)

l.i
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
Then 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 (By Height of the Intersection )
(3) − (4) ⇒ 𝑑𝑑 = −34
6×4

da
(4) ⇒ 𝑏𝑏 − 34 = 37 𝑥𝑥 =
6+4
𝑏𝑏 = 71 24
122 71 𝑥𝑥 =

ka
𝐷𝐷 = � � 10
−58 −34
𝑥𝑥 = 2.4 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐

CHAPTER – 4 (GEOMETRY)
vi 3. O is any point inside a triangle 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨. The
bisector of ∠𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨,∠𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 and ∠𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 meet the
al
1. In the figure, if 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 ⊥ 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 and 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 ⊥ 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨, prove that sides 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨, 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 and 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 in point 𝑫𝑫, 𝑬𝑬 and 𝑭𝑭
respectively. Show that 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 × 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 × 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 =
.k

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
(i) △ 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 ∼△ 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 (ii) 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫
𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 × 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 × 𝑭𝑭
w

Solution:
w
w

Solution:
(i) Given: 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ⊥ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 , 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 ⊥ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
In the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 and the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥,
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 90𝑜𝑜 (Given),
Also ∠𝐴𝐴 is common for both the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 and 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 In the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, mark a point 𝑂𝑂 inside to it at anywhere.
When two angles are equal, Joint OA, OB
Then the 3𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 angles are also equal. According to the Angular bisector theorem,
By AA Similarity, 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 ∼ 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 (Hence proved) OD is the angular bisector of the ∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 in the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
(ii) Since 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 ∼ 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, In the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥,
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
= 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 − − − −(1)
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
= 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 (Hence proved) OE is the angular bisector of the ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 in the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
2. In the given figure 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨‖𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪‖𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬.If 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝟔𝟔 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜, In the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 − − − − − (2)
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 = 𝒙𝒙 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜, 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 = 𝟒𝟒 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜, 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 = 𝟓𝟓 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 and 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 =
OF is the angular bisector of the ∠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 in the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
𝒚𝒚 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜. Find 𝒙𝒙 and 𝒚𝒚.
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Solution: In the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 − − − − − (3)
Given: AB ||𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶||𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 (1) × (2) × (3)
In 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 and 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ∠𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹(Vertically × × = × ×
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
opposite angle) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
× × =1
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 (Alternate 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
angles are equal AB ||𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 × 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 × 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 × 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 × 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
Due to AA Similarity, 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 ∼ 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 (Hence Proved)

Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

4. In the figure, 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 is a triangle in which 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = = √1600 + 3600

𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨. Points 𝑫𝑫 and 𝑬𝑬 are points on the side 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = √5200
and 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 respectively such that 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨. Show
= √400 × 13
that the points 𝑩𝑩, 𝑪𝑪, 𝑬𝑬 and 𝑫𝑫 lie on a same circle.
Solution: 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 20√13 km
6. 𝑫𝑫 is the mid point of side 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 and 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 ⊥ 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩. If
𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 = 𝒂𝒂, 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝒃𝒃, 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝒄𝒄, 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 = 𝒙𝒙, 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝒑𝒑 and
𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝒉𝒉, prove that
𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐
(i) 𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 = 𝒑𝒑𝟐𝟐 + 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝟒𝟒
(ii) 𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = 𝒑𝒑𝟐𝟐 − 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝟒𝟒

n
𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐
(iii) 𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 + 𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝒑𝒑𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐

l.i
Solution:
In △ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 Midpoint of BC

da
In the given fig. 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 . The 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 is an isosceles is 𝐷𝐷 and 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ⊥ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵.
triangle. 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝑎𝑎, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑐𝑐,

ka
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 − − − −(1) 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑥𝑥, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑝𝑝, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ℎ
𝑎𝑎
In the quadrilateral BCED, DE ||𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 [𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴] vi 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 2 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝑥𝑥,
BD is the transversal of BC and DE, 𝑎𝑎
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 2 − 𝑥𝑥.
al
∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 180° − − − (2)
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ⊥ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 In 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝐴𝐴𝐷𝐷2 = 𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐸𝐷𝐷2
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 is the transversal of BC and DE,
𝑝𝑝2 = ℎ2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 ⇒ ℎ2 = 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 − − − −(1)
.k

°
∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 180 − − − −(3)
(i). In 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝐴𝐴𝐶𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸 2 + 𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶 2
w

°
From (1) and (2) → ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 + ∠𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 180 𝑎𝑎
𝑏𝑏 2 = ℎ2 + �𝑥𝑥 + �
From (1) and (3) → ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 + ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 180° 2
w

From the above two, 𝑎𝑎 2

𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + �𝑥𝑥 + 2� [From (1)]
w

The sum of the opposite angles are 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎°

𝑎𝑎2
The quadrilateral BCED lies on a same circle. 2 2 2
𝑏𝑏 = 𝑝𝑝 − 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 2
4
∴BCED is a cyclic quadrilateral. 2
𝑎𝑎
(Hence Proved) 𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + − − − −(2)
4
5. Two trains leave a railway station at the same
(ii). In 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 = 𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸 + 𝐸𝐸𝐵𝐵 2
2 2
time. The first train travels due west and the
𝑎𝑎 2
second train due north. The first train travels at 𝑐𝑐 2 = ℎ2 + � − 𝑥𝑥�
2
a speed of 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝐤𝐤𝐤𝐤/𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 and the second train 𝑎𝑎 2
travels at 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐤/𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡. After 2 hours, what is the 𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + �2 − 𝑥𝑥� [ From (1) ]
distance between them? 𝑎𝑎2
Solution: 𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑥𝑥 2
4
Let 𝑂𝑂 be the Railway Station. 𝑎𝑎2
𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + − − − −(3)
From 𝑂𝑂, the train A 4

departures towards (due) (iii). From (2) and (3)

west at a speed of 20 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/ℎ𝑟𝑟 𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎2
𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 = 𝑝𝑝2 + 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + + 𝑝𝑝2 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 +
After 2 hour, the train A is at 4 4
2
20 × 2 = 40 km from O. 𝑎𝑎
= 2𝑝𝑝2 + 2 � �
From 𝑂𝑂, the Train 𝐵𝐵 4
departures towards (due) 𝑎𝑎2
𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 = 2𝑝𝑝2 +
north at a speed of 30 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘/ℎ𝑟𝑟 2
After 2 hour, the train 𝐵𝐵 is at 30 × 2 = 60 km from O.
Now the points 𝐴𝐴, 𝑂𝑂, and 𝐵𝐵 are form a right
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝐴𝐴𝐵𝐵 2 = 𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂2 + 𝐵𝐵𝑂𝑂2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = √𝐴𝐴𝑂𝑂2 + 𝐵𝐵𝑂𝑂2
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �402 + 602
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7. A man whose eye-level is 2 m above the ground 22𝑥𝑥 = 8𝑦𝑦

wishes to find the height of a tree. He places a 8𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 =
mirror horizontally on the ground 20 m from 22
the tree and finds that if he stands at a point 𝑪𝑪 4
= × 𝑦𝑦
which is 4 m from the mirror 𝑩𝑩, he can see the 11
4
reflection of the top of the tree. How height is Length of the shadow = 11 × Distance of the emu from
the tree? the pillar.
Solution: 9. Two circles intersect at 𝑨𝑨 and 𝑩𝑩. From a point 𝑷𝑷
on one of the circles lines 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 and 𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷 are
drawn intersecting the second circle at 𝑪𝑪 and 𝑫𝑫.

n
Prove that 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪 is parallel to the tangent at 𝑷𝑷

l.i
Solution:

da
ka
From the fig. Man’s eyelevel 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 2 𝑚𝑚;
Let the tree’s height 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚
𝐵𝐵 is the mirror point. Now DB is the incidental ray,
vi
al
BE is the reflected ray.
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∠𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ∠𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Also ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 90° (⋅⊥ to the ground) 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 is the tangent of the circle.
w

By AA similarity, 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 ∼ 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, According to the Alternate segment theorem

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
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𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
= 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ∠𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌 = ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 − − − −(1)
𝑥𝑥
= 4 (or)
20 Since the quadrilateral ABCD is a cyclic on circle
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2
20 × 2 The sum of the opposite angles = 180°
𝑥𝑥 = = 10𝑚𝑚 Also The exterior angle = The opposite interior angle
4
The height of the tree = 10 𝑚𝑚 ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 − − − −(2)
8. An Emu which is 8 feet tall is standing at the foot Comparing (1) and (2),
of a pillar which is 30 feet high. It walks away ∠𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ∠𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌𝑌 [Alternate angles are equal]
from the pillar. The shadow of the Emu falls CD is parallel to the tangent 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 at P.
beyond Emu. What is the relation between the (Hence Proved)
length of the shadow and the distance from the 10. Let 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 be a triangle and 𝐃𝐃, 𝐄𝐄, 𝐅𝐅 are points on
Emu to the pillar? the respective sides 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨, 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩, 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 (or their
Solution: extensions). Let 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨: 𝑫𝑫𝑫𝑫 = 𝟓𝟓: 𝟑𝟑, 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩: 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬 = 𝟑𝟑: 𝟐𝟐
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 30𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 is the pillar and 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. Find the length of the line
with a light at top. segment 𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪.
If the emu (𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 8𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓) is Solution:
walking away from the
foot of the pillar,
Then it’s shadow is in
front of it.
The shadow length of the emu is based on it’s distance
from the light pillar.
AB and CD are ⊥ to ground and the ∠𝐸𝐸 is common, the
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥 ∼ 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝒞𝒞𝒞𝒞 𝑥𝑥 8
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
= 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 → 𝑥𝑥+𝑦𝑦 = 30
30𝑥𝑥 = 8𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦

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Given: 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴: 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 5: 3, 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵: 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 3: 2, 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 21 unit.

3 2 25 √61
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 5 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 3 �
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = (2 + 1) + �4 − � = �9 +
2 =
= , = 2 4 2
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 3 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 2
In the 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, 𝐷𝐷, 𝐸𝐸 and 𝐹𝐹 are on the sides AB, BC and 2
3 25 √61
CA . 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = �(5 − 2)2 + � − 4� = �9 + =
2 4 2
According to Menelaus theorem, for the collinearity of
𝐷𝐷, 𝐸𝐸 and 𝐹𝐹
3 2 25 √61
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = (2 − 5) + �−1 − � = �9 +
2 =
× × = −1 2 4 2
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
3 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 5
× × = −1 3 25 √61

n
2 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 − 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 3 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �(−1 − 2)2 + � + 1� = �9 + =
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 5 2 4 2

l.i
× = −1
(−𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶) − 21 2 3 3

da
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 2 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = �(5 + 1)2 + � − � = √36 + 0 = 6
=− 2 2
(−𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶) − 21 5
5 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 2𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 42 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = �(2 − 2)2 + (−1 − 4)2 = √0 + 25 = 5

ka
5 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 − 3𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 42 √61
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 =
3 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 42 vi 2
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 14 Units Diagonal 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ≠ 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
al
Hence ABCD is a Rhombus.
CHAPTER – 5 (COORDINATE GEOMETRY)
2. The area of a triangle is 5 sq.units. Two of its
.k

1. PQRS is a rectangle formed by joining the vertices are (𝟐𝟐, 𝟏𝟏) and (𝟑𝟑, −𝟐𝟐). The third
points 𝑷𝑷(−𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏), 𝑸𝑸(−𝟏𝟏, 𝟒𝟒), 𝑹𝑹(𝟓𝟓, 𝟒𝟒) and vertex is (𝒙𝒙, 𝒚𝒚) where 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑. Find the
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𝑺𝑺(𝟓𝟓, −𝟏𝟏). 𝑨𝑨, 𝑩𝑩, 𝑪𝑪 and 𝑫𝑫 are the mid-points of coordinates of the third vertex.
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𝑷𝑷𝑷𝑷, 𝑸𝑸𝑸𝑸, 𝑹𝑹𝑹𝑹 and 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 respectively. Is the Solution:

quadrilateral 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 a square, a rectangle or a
w

rhombus? Justify your answer.

Solution:

Vertices of the Triangle

(2, 1) (3, −2), (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)
Given 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 3 − − − −(1)
Area of triangle = 5 sq.units
1 𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥1
� �=5
2 𝑦𝑦1 𝑦𝑦2 𝑦𝑦3 𝑦𝑦1
1 2 3 𝑥𝑥 2
Given: PQRS is a rectangle, � �=5
2 1 −2 𝑦𝑦 1
Their points are 𝑃𝑃(−1, −1), 𝑄𝑄(−1,4), 𝑅𝑅(5,4) and [(−4 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥) − (3 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦)] = 10
𝑆𝑆(5, −1) [−4 + 3𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 − 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦] = 10
𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵, 𝐶𝐶 and 𝐷𝐷 are the mid‐points of PQ, 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄, RS and SP 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 7 = 10
respectively. 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 17
−1−1 −1+4 3
Mid Point of PQ = 𝐴𝐴 � 2 2
, � = 𝐴𝐴 �−1 , 2� 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 17
−1+5 4+4 4𝑥𝑥 = 14
Mid Point of QR = 𝐵𝐵 � 2 2
, � = 𝐵𝐵(2 , 4)
7
Mid Point of 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐶𝐶 �
5+5 4−1
,
3
� = 𝐶𝐶 �5 , 2� 𝑥𝑥 =
2 2 2
Mid Point of 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = 𝐷𝐷 �
−1+5 −1−1
, � = 𝐷𝐷(2 , −1) 7
2 2 𝑦𝑦 = + 3
2

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13 1 𝑥𝑥1 − 𝑥𝑥3 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥4

𝑦𝑦 = � � = 72
2 2 𝑦𝑦1 − 𝑦𝑦3 𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦4
7 13 1 −5 + 1 −4 − 4
Third Vertices of the Triangle �2 , 2 � � � = 72
2 7+6 𝑘𝑘 − 5
3. Find the area of a triangle formed by the lines −4 −8
� � = 144
𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚 − 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟎𝟎, 𝟓𝟓𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐𝒚𝒚 − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎𝟎 and 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 − 13 𝑘𝑘 − 5
−4𝑘𝑘 + 20 + 104 = 144
𝒚𝒚 − 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎𝟎
−4𝑘𝑘 + 124 = 144
Solution:
−4𝑘𝑘 = 20
𝑘𝑘 = −5

n
5. Without using distance formula, show that the
points (−𝟐𝟐, −𝟏𝟏), (𝟒𝟒, 𝟎𝟎), (𝟑𝟑, 𝟑𝟑) and (−𝟑𝟑, 𝟐𝟐) are

l.i
vertices of a parallelogram.

da
Solution:
𝐴𝐴(−2, −1), 𝐵𝐵(4,0), 𝐶𝐶(3, 3) , 𝐷𝐷(−3, 2)
𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1

ka
Slope =
𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥1
3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 2 − − − −(1) 0+1 1
5𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − (2)
vi Slope of AB =
4+2 6
=
2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − −(3) 3−0 3
al
Slope of BC = = = −3
Solve (1) and (2) 3 − 4 −1
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(1) × 2 ⇒ 6𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 4 − − − −(4) 2−3 −1 1

Slope of CD = = =
5𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − −(2) −3 − 3 −6 6
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2+1 3
(4) −(2) ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 1 Slope of AD = = = −3
−3 + 2 −1
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(1) ⇒ 3 (1) +𝑦𝑦 = 2 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −1 1

Slope of AB = Slope of CD = 6
Intersection Points (𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏)
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Solve (2) and (3) Slope of BC = Slope of AD = −3

5𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − −(2) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 ∥ 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 and 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 ∥ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴.
(3) × 2 ⇒ 4𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 6 − − − −(5) Hence the vertices form a Parallelogram.
(2) +(5) ⇒ 9𝑥𝑥 = 9 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 1 6. Find the equations of the lines, whose sum and
product of intercepts are 1 and -6 respectively.
(3) ⇒ 2 (1) −𝑦𝑦 = 3 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −1
Solution:
Intersection Points (𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏) Let 𝑥𝑥 intercept 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑦𝑦 intercept 𝑏𝑏.
Solve (1) and (3) Sum of two intercepts 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = 1
3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 2 − − − −(1) Product of two intercepts 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = −6.
2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − −(3) 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = −6
(1) +(3) ⇒ 5𝑥𝑥 = 5 → 𝑥𝑥 = 1 𝑎𝑎(1 − 𝑎𝑎) = −6 [⋅: 𝑏𝑏 = 1 − 𝑎𝑎]
(1) ⇒ 3 (1) +𝑦𝑦 = 2 ⇒ 𝑦𝑦 = −1 𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎2 = −6
Intersection Points (𝟏𝟏, −𝟏𝟏) 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑎 − 6 = 0
Three points are same line and Concurrent. (𝑎𝑎 − 3)(𝑎𝑎 + 2) = 0
So, No triangle formed. 𝑎𝑎 = 3 𝑎𝑎 = −2
Area of the triangle = 0 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢. If 𝑎𝑎 = 3 𝑏𝑏 = −2
If 𝑎𝑎 = −2 𝑏𝑏 = 3
4. If vertices of a quadrilateral are at
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
𝑨𝑨(−𝟓𝟓, 𝟕𝟕), 𝑩𝑩(−𝟒𝟒, 𝒌𝒌), 𝑪𝑪(−𝟏𝟏, −𝟔𝟔) and 𝑫𝑫(𝟒𝟒, 𝟓𝟓) The Equation of line Intercept form 𝑎𝑎
+ 𝑏𝑏 = 1
and its area is 72 sq. units. Find the value of 𝒌𝒌.
Solution: If 𝑎𝑎 = 3 and 𝑦𝑦 = −2 Sub Eqn. of Straight Line
Given Vertices of a Quadrilateral are 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
+ =1
𝐴𝐴(−5,7), 𝐵𝐵(−4, 𝑘𝑘), 𝐶𝐶(−1, −6) 𝐷𝐷(4,5) 3 −2
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
Area of the Quadrilateral = 72 Sq.units − =1
3 2
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 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 − 6 = 0 The perpendicular line of the mirror: 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑘𝑘 = 0

If 𝑎𝑎 = −2 and 𝑦𝑦 = 3 Sub Eqn. of Straight Line It passes through the object point: 𝐴𝐴(3,8)
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 3 × 3 − 8 + 𝑘𝑘 = 0, = 𝑘𝑘 = −1
+ =1
−2 3 The perpendicular eqn. is 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 − 1 = 0
−𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 1 − − − (2)
+ =1
2 3 (1) × 3 → 3𝑥𝑥 + 9𝑦𝑦 = 21 − − − −(3)
3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦 + 6 = 0 3𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 1 − − − −(2)
7. The owner of a milk store finds that, he can sell (3) − (2) → 10𝑦𝑦 = 20
980 litres of milk each week at ₹ 14 /litre and 𝑦𝑦 = 2
1220 litres of milk each week at ₹16/litre.

n
(1) → 𝑥𝑥 + 3(2) = 7 ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = 1
Assuming a linear relationship between selling
AB and PQ Intersect points are 𝑅𝑅(1,2), 𝑃𝑃(3,8), 𝑄𝑄(ℎ, 𝑘𝑘)

l.i
price and demand, how many litres could he sell
Mid Point (1,2)
weekly at ₹17/litre?

da
3 + ℎ 8 + 𝑘𝑘
Solution: � � = (1,2)
2 2
Take a Points are (14, 980), (16, 1220) 3+ℎ

ka
= 1 ⇒ ℎ = −1
The Eqn. of Straight Line (Two Point Form) 2
𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦1 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥1 8 + 𝑘𝑘
= vi = 2 ⇒ 𝑘𝑘 = −4
𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥1 2
𝑦𝑦 − 980 𝑥𝑥 − 14 𝑃𝑃(3,8) Image points is 𝑄𝑄(−1, −4)
=
al
1220 − 980 16 − 14 9. Find the equation of a line passing through the
𝑦𝑦 − 980 𝑥𝑥 − 14
.k

= point of intersection of the lines 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙 + 𝟕𝟕𝒚𝒚 − 𝟑𝟑 =

240 2
𝟎𝟎 and 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑𝒚𝒚 + 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎𝟎 that has equal
𝑦𝑦 − 980 = 120(𝑥𝑥 − 14)
w

intercepts on the axes.

𝑦𝑦 − 980 = 120𝑥𝑥 − 1680
Solution:
w

𝑦𝑦 = 120𝑥𝑥 − 700
4𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − −(1)
If 𝑥𝑥 = 17 𝑦𝑦 = 120(17) − 700
w

2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = −1 − − − (2)

𝑦𝑦 = 2040 − 300
(2) × 2 → 4𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 = −2 − − − (3)
𝑦𝑦 = 1340
4𝑥𝑥 + 7𝑦𝑦 = 3 − − − (1)
The milk Owner could sell 1340 lit milk at the rate of (3) − (1) → −13𝑦𝑦 = −5
₹ 17 weekly.
5
8. Find the image of the point (𝟑𝟑, 𝟖𝟖) with respect 𝑦𝑦 =
13
to the line 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟑𝟑𝒚𝒚 = 𝟕𝟕 assuming the line to be a 5
plane mirror. (2) → 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 � � = −1
13
Solution: 15
2𝑥𝑥 − = −1
13
15 2
2𝑥𝑥 = −1 + =
13 13
1
𝑥𝑥 =
13
1 5
So the line Intersect Point �13 , 13�
𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 Intercept are Equal 𝑎𝑎 = 𝑏𝑏
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
+ =1
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
+ = 1 [𝑎𝑎 = 𝑏𝑏]
Given: The line of the mirror: 𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 7. 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎
The coordinate of the object Point: 𝐴𝐴(3,8) 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎 − − − −(1)
The Eqn. of Mirror 𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑦𝑦 = 7 − − − (1) 1 5
Passing Through the Points (13 13)
Let the Image Point of P 𝑄𝑄(ℎ, 𝑘𝑘)
1 5
Object and it’s image are always equidistant from the + = 𝑎𝑎
mirror perpendicularly. 13 13
Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)
 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

6 The Required Equation of the Path

𝑎𝑎 =
13 125
6 7𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 − =0
(1) ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 17
13 119𝑥𝑥 + 102𝑦𝑦 − 125 = 0
13𝑥𝑥 + 13𝑦𝑦 − 6 = 0
10. A person standing at a junction (crossing) of CHAPTER – 6 (TRIGONOMETRY)
two straight paths represented by the
equations 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 − 𝟑𝟑𝒚𝒚 + 𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎𝟎 and 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙 + 𝟒𝟒𝒚𝒚 −
1. Prove that
𝟓𝟓 = 𝟎𝟎 seek to reach the path whose equation is 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝑨𝑨−𝟏𝟏
𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙 − 𝟕𝟕𝒚𝒚 + 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟎𝟎 in the least time. Find the (i) 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨 �𝟏𝟏+𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝑨𝑨� + 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟐𝟐 𝑨𝑨 �𝟏𝟏+𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝑨𝑨� = 𝟎𝟎

n
equation of the path that he should follow. (ii)
𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝟐𝟐 𝜽𝜽−𝟏𝟏
= 𝟏𝟏 − 𝟐𝟐𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝟐𝟐 𝜽𝜽

l.i
𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝟐𝟐 𝜽𝜽+𝟏𝟏
Solution:
Solution:

da
(i) cot 2 𝐴𝐴 �
sec 𝐴𝐴−1
1+ sin 𝐴𝐴
� + sec 2 𝐴𝐴 �
sin 𝐴𝐴−1
1+ sec 𝐴𝐴
�=0

sec 𝐴𝐴−1 sin 𝐴𝐴−1

ka
LHS : cot 2 𝐴𝐴 � � + sec 2 𝐴𝐴 � �
1+ sin 𝐴𝐴 1+ sec 𝐴𝐴

1 sec 𝐴𝐴 − 1 1 sin 𝐴𝐴 − 1
vi = �
tan2 𝐴𝐴 1 + sin 𝐴𝐴
1
�+
sec 𝐴𝐴 − 1
�
cos 2 𝐴𝐴 1 + sec 𝐴𝐴
𝑙𝑙
�
sin 𝐴𝐴 − 1
= � �+ � �
al
2
sec 𝐴𝐴 − 1 1 + sin 𝐴𝐴 2
1 − sin 𝐴𝐴 1 + sec 𝐴𝐴
1 sec 𝐴𝐴 − 1
= � �
.k

( sec 𝐴𝐴 + 1)( sec 𝐴𝐴 − 1) 1 + sin 𝐴𝐴

1 1 − sin 𝐴𝐴
− � �
w

2𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = −4 − − − (1) (1 + sin 𝐴𝐴)(1 − sin 𝐴𝐴) 1 + sec 𝐴𝐴

1 1
3𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑦𝑦 = 5 − − − (2) = −
w

( sec 𝐴𝐴 + 1)(1 + sin 𝐴𝐴) (1 + sin 𝐴𝐴)(1 + sec 𝐴𝐴)

(1) × 3 ⇒ 6𝑥𝑥 − 9𝑦𝑦 = −12 − − − −(3) =0
w

(2) × 2 ⇒ 6𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦 = 10 − − − −(4) = RHS

(3) − (4) ⇒ −17𝑦𝑦 = −22
22
�𝑦𝑦 = � tan2 𝜃𝜃 − 1
17 (𝐢𝐢𝐢𝐢) = 1 − 2cos 2 𝜃𝜃
22 tan2 𝜃𝜃 + 1
(1) ⇒ 2𝑥𝑥 − 3 �17� = −4
tan2 𝜃𝜃 − 1 tan2 𝜃𝜃 − 1
66 LHS: =
2𝑥𝑥 − = −4 tan2 𝜃𝜃 + 1 sec 2 𝜃𝜃
17 = (tan2 𝜃𝜃 − 1)cos2 𝜃𝜃
66 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃
2𝑥𝑥 = −4 + =− = � 2 − 1� cos2 𝜃𝜃
17 17 cos 𝜃𝜃
1 sin2 𝜃𝜃 − cos2 𝜃𝜃
�𝑥𝑥 = − � =� � cos2 𝜃𝜃
17 cos2 𝜃𝜃
2 22
The Point of intersection �− 17 , 17� = sin2 𝜃𝜃cos2 𝜃𝜃
Given Eqn. 6𝑥𝑥 − 7𝑦𝑦 + 8 = 0 = 1 − cos 2 𝜃𝜃cos 2 𝜃𝜃
The perpendicular of this 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒. which is passing through = 1 − 2cos 2 𝜃𝜃
the point of intersection gives the shortest distance. = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝟏𝟏+𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽−𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 𝟐𝟐
The perpendicular eqn. of the 3𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒. is 2. Prove that �𝟏𝟏+𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽+𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽� = 𝟏𝟏+𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽
𝟏𝟏−𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽

−7𝑥𝑥 − 6𝑦𝑦 + 𝑘𝑘 = 0
Solution:
1 22
It passes through the point �− 17 , 17� 1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝜃 2 1 − cos 𝜃𝜃
� � =
−1 22 1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 + cos 𝜃𝜃 1 + cos 𝜃𝜃
7� � + 6 � � + 𝑘𝑘 = 0 1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝜃 2 (1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 − cos 𝜃𝜃)2
17 17 LHS : � � =
1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 + cos 𝜃𝜃 (1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 + cos 𝜃𝜃)2
−7 132
+ + 𝑘𝑘 = 0 2 2
1 + sin 𝜃𝜃 + cos 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 − 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃𝜃
17 17 =
1 + sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos 2 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 2 cos 𝜃𝜃
125 [:⋅ (𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐)2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 + 𝑐𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐]
𝑘𝑘 =
17
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 Y. SEENIVASAN . M.Sc, B.Ed – PG TEACHER (MATHS) - 8489880553 EM NEW(2024-2025)

1 + 1 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 − 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 2 cos 𝜃𝜃

=
1 + 1 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 2 cos 𝜃𝜃
2 − 2 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 − 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃
=
2 + 2 cos 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃
2(1 − cos 𝜃𝜃) + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃(1 − cos 𝜃𝜃)
=
2(1 + cos 𝜃𝜃) + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃(1 + cos 𝜃𝜃)
(1 − cos 𝜃𝜃)(2 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃)
=
(1 + cos 𝜃𝜃)(2 + 2 sin 𝜃𝜃)
(1 − cos 𝜃𝜃) 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
=
(1 + cos 𝜃𝜃)
tan 45° =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
= RHS 80
1= , 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 80 𝑚𝑚
3. If 𝒙𝒙𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽 + 𝒚𝒚𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 = 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 and
𝟑𝟑 𝟑𝟑
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

n
𝒙𝒙𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽 = 𝒚𝒚𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽, then prove that 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏. Then the bird is flying horizontally 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 in 2 seconds

l.i
Solution: 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚
𝑥𝑥sin3 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑦𝑦cos 3 𝜃𝜃 = sin 𝜃𝜃 cos − − − −(1) Now the angle of elevation of 𝐸𝐸 i.e. ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 30°

da
𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑦𝑦 cos 𝜃𝜃 − − − −(2) 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
tan 30° = =
𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃(sin2 𝜃𝜃) + 𝑦𝑦 cos 𝜃𝜃(cos2 𝜃𝜃) = sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

ka
𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃(sin2 𝜃𝜃) + 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃(cos2 𝜃𝜃) = sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃 1 80
=
[ 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (2) ∶ 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑦𝑦 cos 𝜃𝜃] √3 80 + 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃[sin2 𝜃𝜃 + cos2 𝜃𝜃] = sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃
𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃(1) = sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃
vi 80 + 𝑥𝑥 = √3 × 80
𝑥𝑥 = √3 × 80 − 80
al
𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝜃𝜃 − − − −(3)
(2) ⇒ 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑦𝑦 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑥𝑥 = 80(√3 − 1) = 80(1.732 − 1)
.k

cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑦𝑦 cos 𝜃𝜃 𝑥𝑥 = 80 × 0.732 = 58.56𝑚𝑚

𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝜃𝜃 − − − −(4) Distance travelled by the bird 𝑥𝑥 = 58.56 𝑚𝑚 ;
w

2
Add (3) + (4) 2 Time taken for it = 2 seconds
w

𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = cos2 𝜃𝜃 + sin2 𝜃𝜃 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡

Speed of the bird =
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 1 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
w

58.56
4. If 𝒂𝒂𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽 − 𝒃𝒃𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽 = 𝒄𝒄, then prove that =
2
(𝒂𝒂𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝜽𝜽 + 𝒃𝒃𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝜽𝜽) = ±√𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝟐𝟐 − 𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 . = 29.28 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 .
Solution:
a cos 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑏𝑏 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑐𝑐
6. An aeroplane is flying parallel to the Earth's
Squaring on Both Side surface at a speed of 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐦𝐦/𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 and at a
(𝑎𝑎 cos 𝜃𝜃 − 𝑏𝑏 sin 𝜃𝜃)2 = 𝑐𝑐 2 height of 600 m . The angle of elevation of the
𝑎𝑎2 cos2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑏𝑏 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑐𝑐 2 aeroplane from a point on the Earth's surface
𝑎𝑎2 (1 − sin2 𝜃𝜃) + 𝑏𝑏 2 (1 − cos 2 𝜃𝜃) − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑐𝑐 2 is 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑∘ . After what period of time does the angle
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑎2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑏𝑏 2 cos 2 𝜃𝜃 − 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑐𝑐 2 of elevation increase to 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓∘ ?
𝑎𝑎2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑏𝑏 2 cos 2 𝜃𝜃 + 2𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2 (𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓∘ = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑, 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑∘ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)
(𝑎𝑎 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑏𝑏 cos 𝜃𝜃)2 = 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2 Solution:
(𝑎𝑎 sin 𝜃𝜃 + 𝑏𝑏 cos 𝜃𝜃) = ±�𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 − 𝑐𝑐 2
5. A bird is sitting on the top of a 80 m high tree.
From a point on the ground, the angle of
elevation of the bird is 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒∘ . The bird flies away
horizontally in such away that it remained at a
constant height from the ground. After 2
seconds, the angle of elevation of the bird from
the same point is 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑∘ . Determine the speed at
which the bird flies. (√𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕)
Solution: Let the plane be at 𝐶𝐶 initially which is 600 𝑚𝑚 high.
Let the bird is sitting initially at 𝐶𝐶 which is 80 𝑚𝑚 high. The angle of elevation ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 37°
The angle of elevation of 𝐶𝐶, i.e. ∠𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 45° 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
tan 37° =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
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600 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 24.58 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘

0.7536 =
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 The distance of B to the North of A = 24.58 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
600 (ii) In Right angle triangle ALB
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = = 796.18 𝑚𝑚
0.7536 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
Then the plane is flying horizontally 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 to the point E. cos 55° =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
0.5736 =
Now the angle of elevation ∠𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 53° ; 30
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 600 𝑚𝑚 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 30 × 0.5736
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 17.21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
tan 53° = The distance of B to the West of A = 17.21 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴

n
600 (iii) In Right angle triangle BDC
1.3270 =

l.i
𝑦𝑦 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
sin 42° =
600 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
𝑦𝑦 = = 452.15 𝑚𝑚

da
1.327 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
0.6691 =
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 796.18 𝑚𝑚 32
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 32 × 0.6691

ka
𝑥𝑥 = 796.18 − 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 = 796.18 − 452.15 = 344.03 𝑚𝑚 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 = 21.41 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Distance travelled by the plane 𝑥𝑥 = 344.03 𝑚𝑚 ; vi The distance of C to the North of B = 21.41 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
Speed of the plane = 175 𝑚𝑚/𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (iv) In Right angle triangle BCD
al
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 344.03 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
Time taken = = = 1.97 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 cos 42° =
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 175 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
.k

7. A bird is flying from 𝑨𝑨 towards 𝑩𝑩 at an angle of 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵

0.7431 =
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑∘ , a point 30 km away from 𝑨𝑨. At 𝑩𝑩 it changes 32
w

its course of flight and heads towards 𝑪𝑪 on a 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 32 × 0.7431

bearing of 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒∘ and distance 32 km away. 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 23.78 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
w

(i) How far is 𝑩𝑩 to the North of 𝑨𝑨 ? The distance of C to the East of B = 23.78 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
w

(ii) How far is 𝑩𝑩 to the West of 𝑨𝑨 ? 8. Two ships are sailing in the sea on either side of
(iii) How far is 𝑪𝑪 to the North of 𝑩𝑩 ? the lighthouse. The angles of depression of two
(iv) How far is 𝑪𝑪 to the East of 𝑩𝑩 ? ships as observed from the top of the lighthouse
𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝐧𝐧 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓∘ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖, 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓∘ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓, are 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔∘ and 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒∘ respectively. If the distance
� �
𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒∘ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔, 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒∘ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 √𝟑𝟑+𝟏𝟏
Solution: between the ships is 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 � � metres, find the
√𝟑𝟑
height of the lighthouse. of the lighthouse.
Solution:

Let A and 𝐵𝐵 be the two ships on the either side of the

Let A be a bird Starting Position .
light house CD
Let B from A to ∠ 35° Distance of Bird is 30 km. √3+1
Let C be a Distance from A point 32 km of bird ∠ 48° Distance between two ships 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 200 � � 𝑚𝑚
√3
(i) In Right angle triangle ABD The angle of depressions from the top light house are
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 60° and 45°
sin 55° =
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 The angle of elevation from A is 60°
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 The angle of elevation from 𝐵𝐵 is 45°
0.8192 =
30 Let the height of light house CD be ℎ 𝑚𝑚.
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 30 × 0.8192
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ℎ 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 35 × 0.4452 = 15.58 𝑚𝑚

In the right angle 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, tan 60° = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
ℎ ℎ Height of the statue = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 + 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
√3 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = 23. 61 + 15. 58
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 √3
° ℎ = 39.19 𝑚𝑚.
In the right angle 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, tan 45 = 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
The height of the Statue = 39.19 𝑚𝑚
ℎ
1= , 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = ℎ
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵
ℎ CHAPTER – 7 (MENSURATION)
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = +ℎ
√3
1 1. The barrel of a fountain-pen cylindrical in shape,
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = ℎ � + 1�

n
√3 is 7 cm long and 5 mm in diameter. A full barrel
of ink in the pen will be used for writing 330

l.i
√3 + 1 √3 + 1
200 � � = ℎ� � words on an average. How many words can be
√3 √3

da
written using a bottle of ink containing one fifth
ℎ = 200 𝑚𝑚
of a litre?
The height of the light house = 200 𝑚𝑚
Solution:

ka
9. A building and a statue are in opposite side of a Given: Pen’s Cylindrical barrel length = 7 cm,
street from each other 35 m apart. From a point vi Diameter = 5 mm (or) 0.5 cm, Radius = 0.25 cm
on the roof of building the angle of elevation of 1 𝑡𝑡ℎ
the top of statue is 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∘ and the angle of Volume of the ink bottle = �5� of 1 litre;
al
depression of base of the statue is 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑∘ . Find the Number of words written in 1 barrel = 330
.k

∘
height of the statue. �𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐧𝐧 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ∘ = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒,� Vol. of Cylindrical barrel = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ
𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 22
w

Solution: = × 0.25 × 0.25 × 7 = 22 × 0.25 × 0.25 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3

7
1 𝑡𝑡ℎ
w

1
Vol. of ink bottle = �5� of 1 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 = 5 × 1000
= 200 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 (or) 200 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3
w

Number of barrels to be filled up

Vol.of ink bottle 200
= =
Vol.of 1 Cylindrical barrel 22 × 0.25 × 0.25
Number of words to be written = Number of barrels ×
Number of words written in 1 barrel
200
= × 330
22 × 0.25 × 0.25
AB is the width of the street = 35 𝑚𝑚; 200 × 100 × 100
= × 330
AD is the Building; BC is the height of the statue. 22 × 25 × 25
From the top of the building, = 48000
The angle of elevation to the top of the statue = 24° Total number of words to be written by using the ink
The angle of depression to the bottom of the statue = bottle = 48000
34° 2. A hemi-spherical tank of radius 1.75 m is full of
The angle of elevation from 𝐵𝐵 to the top of the building water. It is connected with a pipe which empties
= 34° the tank at the rate of 7 litre per second. How
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 much time will it take to empty the tank
In the right 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥D, tan 34° = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
completely?
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
0. 6745 = Solution:
35
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 35 × 0.6745 = 23.61 𝑚𝑚
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 = 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 23.61 𝑚𝑚
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
In the right 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥, tan 24° = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝐸𝐸𝐶𝐶
0. 4452 =
35
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Given : Radius of the hemispherical tank = 1.75 𝑚𝑚; Top Diameter 𝑑𝑑 = 8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 → 𝑟𝑟 = 4 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Emptying speed of the pipe = 7 lit. per second Bottom diameter 𝐷𝐷 = 18 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 → 𝑅𝑅 = 9 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2
Vol. of hemispherical tank= 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3 𝑚𝑚3 ℎ2 = 12 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2 22 7 7 7
= × × × ×
3 7 4 4 4
539
=
48
= 11.229 𝑚𝑚3
= 11.229 × 1000
= 11229 𝑙𝑙

n
Vol.of hemispherical tank
Time taken to empty the tank= Emptying speed of the pipe

l.i
2 22 1.75 × 1.75 × 1.75 × 1000
= × ×

da
3 7 7
= 1604 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 Frustrum Slant height = �ℎ22 + (𝑅𝑅 − 𝑟𝑟)2

ka
Time taken for emptying the tank= 1604 seconds (or)
1604
= 26 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 44 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 (𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜) ≅ 27 . = �122 + (9 − 4)2
60 vi = √144 + 25
3. Find the maximum volume of a cone that can be
carved out of a solid hemisphere of radius 𝒓𝒓 = √169 = 13 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
al
units. CSA of Funnel = CSA of Cylinder + CSA of Frustrum
.k

Solution: = 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋ℎ1 + 𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅 + 𝑟𝑟)𝑙𝑙

= 𝜋𝜋[2𝑟𝑟ℎ1 + (𝑅𝑅 + 𝑟𝑟)𝑙𝑙]
w

22
= × [2 × 4 × 10 + (9 + 4) × 13]
7
w

22
= × [80 + 169]
7
w

22
= × 249
7
Given: Let solid hemisphere radius = 𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢. = 782.57 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚2
solid hemisphere radius = Radius of cone The area of the tin sheet required to
Cone radius = 𝑟𝑟 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢. make the funnel = 782.57 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚2
solid hemisphere radius =Height of the Cone 5. Find the number of coins, 1.5 cm in diameter and
Height of cone ℎ = 𝑟𝑟 units. 2 mm thick, to be melted to form a right circular
1
Volume of Cone = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈𝑈 cylinder of height 10 cm and diameter 4.5 cm .
1 Solution:
= 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 × 𝑟𝑟 Given : Cylinder
3
1 3 𝐷𝐷 = 4.5 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑅𝑅 =
4.5 9
= 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, 𝐻𝐻 = 10 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
= 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2
3
1 Coin (Cylinder)
Maximum Vol. of Cone = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑 = 1.5, 𝑟𝑟 =
1.5 3
= 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐,
3 2
4. An oil funnel of tin sheet consists of a cylindrical Thickness= Height, ℎ = 2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 10 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
2

portion 10 cm long attached to a frustum of a

Number of coins required
cone. If the total height is 22 cm , the diameter of Volume of the cylinder
the cylindrical portion be 8 cm and the diameter to the cylinder = Volume of a coin
2
of the top of the funnel be 18 cm , then find the 𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅 𝐻𝐻
=
area of the tin sheet required to make the funnel. 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ
Solution: 9 9
× × 10
Given: Cylinder =2 2
3 3 2
Diameter= 8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 ; → 𝑟𝑟 = 4 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐; ℎ = 10 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 × 2 × 10
Frustum
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9 9 2 2 10 Cost of Painting 1 sq.m = ₹ 100

= × × 10 × × ×
2 2 3 3 2 Cost of Painting for 68 sq. m = ₹ 100 × 68
= 450 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = ₹ 6,800
The Number of Coins = 450.
8. A hemi-spherical hollow bowl has material of
6. A hollow metallic cylinder whose external radius 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝝅𝝅
volume cubic cm . Its external diameter is 14
is 4.3 cm and internal radius is 1.1 cm and whole 𝟑𝟑
length is 4 cm is melted and recast into a solid cm . Find its thickness.
cylinder of 12 cm long. Find the diameter of solid Solution:
cylinder.
Solution:

n
Given: Hollow Cylinder

l.i
𝑅𝑅 = 4.3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐; 𝑟𝑟 = 1.1 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐; 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻ℎ𝑡𝑡 ℎ = 4 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Solid Cylinder Given: Hemi Spherical Hollow bowl

da
Height ℎ1 = 12 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐; 𝑟𝑟1 =? External diameter 𝐷𝐷 = 14 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 → 𝑅𝑅 = 7 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Volume of the Solid Cylinder = Volume of the Hollow Internal Radius =?.

ka
Cylinder Volume of the Hollow Hemi Sphere= 3 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3
436𝜋𝜋

𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟12 ℎ1 = 𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 )ℎ 2 436𝜋𝜋

𝑟𝑟12 × 12 = (4. 32 − 1. 12 ) × 4
(18.49 − 1.21)
vi 3
𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅 3 − 𝑟𝑟 3 ) =
3
al
𝑟𝑟12 = ×4 2 436
12 × (73 − 𝑟𝑟 3 ) =
3 3
17.28
.k

𝑟𝑟12 = 343 − 𝑟𝑟 3 = 218

3 𝑟𝑟 3 = 125
w

2
𝑟𝑟1 = 5.76
𝑟𝑟 3 = 53
𝑟𝑟1 = 2.4
w

𝑟𝑟 = 5 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑 = 4.8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 Thickness of the Bowl = 𝑅𝑅 − 𝑟𝑟 = 7 − 5 = 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
w

Diameter of the Solid Cylinder Thickness = 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐.

= 2𝑟𝑟 = 2 × 2.4 = 4.8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝟓𝟓
9. The volume of a cone is 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟕𝟕 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜. 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜. The area
7. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 m and
𝟏𝟏
the perimeter of circular ends are 18 m and 16 m . of its base is 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕 sq. cm . Find the slant height
Find the cost of painting its curved surface area at of the cone.
₹𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 per sq. m . Solution:
Solution: Given : Cone
1
Base Area of Cone = 201 7 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
5
Volume of Cone = 1005 7
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Slant height 𝑙𝑙 =?.
1
Base Area of Cone = 201 7 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Given : Frustrum 1408
𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 = − − − −(1)
Top Perimeter = 18 𝑚𝑚, 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 18 7
Top Radius 𝑅𝑅 = 𝜋𝜋 𝑚𝑚
9 22 1408
× 𝑟𝑟 2 =
7 7
Bottom Perimeter = 16 𝑚𝑚, 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 16 1408 7
9 𝑟𝑟 2 = × = 64
Bottom Radius 𝑟𝑟 = 𝜋𝜋 𝑚𝑚 7 22
Slant height 𝑙𝑙 = 4 𝑚𝑚 𝑟𝑟 = 8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
5
CSA of Frustrum = 𝜋𝜋(𝑅𝑅 + 𝑟𝑟)𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 Volume of Cone = 1005 7 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
9 8 1 2 7040
= 𝜋𝜋 × � + � × 4 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 ℎ =
𝜋𝜋 𝜋𝜋 3 7
17 1 1408 7040
= 𝜋𝜋 × × 4 × ×ℎ = [𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 (1)]
𝜋𝜋 3 7 7
= 68 𝑚𝑚2
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7040 7 CHAPTER – 8 (STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY)

ℎ= × ×3
7 1408
ℎ = 15 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 1. The mean of the following frequency distribution
is 62.8 and the sum of all frequencies is 50 .
Slant height 𝑙𝑙 = �𝑟𝑟 2 + ℎ2
Compute the missing frequencies 𝒇𝒇𝟏𝟏 and 𝒇𝒇𝟐𝟐 .
= �82 + 152
= √64 + 225

100 − 120
80 − 100
20 − 40

40 − 60

60 − 80
0 − 20
Class
= √289
Interval
𝑙𝑙 = 17 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
Hence Slant height of the Cone = 17 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 .

n
10. A metallic sheet in the form of a sector of a
Frequency 5 𝑓𝑓1 10 𝑓𝑓2 7 8

l.i
circle of radius 21 cm has central angle of 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐∘ .
The sector is made into a cone by bringing the Solution:

da
bounding radii together. Find the volume of the Given : Mean 𝑥𝑥 = 62.8
cone formed.
Sum of Frequency � 𝑓𝑓 = 50

ka
Solution:
𝑓𝑓1 + 𝑓𝑓2 + 30 = 50
vi 𝑓𝑓1 + 𝑓𝑓2 = 20
𝑓𝑓2 = 20 − 𝑓𝑓1 − − − −(1)
al
𝐴𝐴 = 50 𝐶𝐶 = 20
Mid
.k

Class Frequency 𝒙𝒙 − 𝑨𝑨
Point 𝒅𝒅 = 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
Interval (𝒇𝒇) 𝒄𝒄
(𝒙𝒙)
w

0 − 20 10 5 −2 −10
Given: Cone
w

20 − 40 30 𝑓𝑓1 −1 −𝑓𝑓1
The radius of the sector of the circular sheet 𝑅𝑅 = 21 cm 40 − 60 50 10 0 0
w

Its central angle = 216° 60 − 80 70 20 − 𝑓𝑓1 1 20 − 𝑓𝑓1

Slant height of the cone=Radius of the sector 80 − 100 90 7 2 14
Slant height of the Cone 𝑙𝑙 = 21 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 100 − 120 110 8 3 24
Perimeter of the Cone = Arc length of the Sector � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝜃𝜃 � 𝑓𝑓 = 50
2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = × 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 = 48 − 2𝑓𝑓1
360 𝛴𝛴𝛴𝛴𝛴𝛴
216 Mean 𝑥𝑥 = 𝐴𝐴 + × 𝑐𝑐
Radius of cone 𝑟𝑟 = × 21 𝛴𝛴𝛴𝛴
360
63 48 − 2𝑓𝑓1
= 62.8 = 50 + × 20
5 50
𝑟𝑟 = 12.6 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2
62.8 − 50 = × 48 − 2𝑓𝑓1
5
Height of Cone ℎ = �𝑙𝑙 2 − 𝑟𝑟 2 5
= �212 − (12.6)2 12.8 × = 48 − 2𝑓𝑓1
2
= √441 − 158.76 32 = 48 − 2𝑓𝑓1
= √282.24 2 𝑓𝑓1 = 48 − 32 = 16
ℎ = 16.8 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑓𝑓1 = 8
1 (1) − −−→ 𝑓𝑓2 = 12
Volume of Cone = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐. 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
3
1 22
= × × 12.6 × 12.6 × 16.8
3 7
= 22 × 4.2 × 1.8 × 16.8
= 2794.18 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3
Volume of the Cone = 2794.18 𝑐𝑐𝑚𝑚3

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2. The diameter of circles (in mm ) drawn in a 3𝑘𝑘 1 −1 1 −1 1

design are given below. 4𝑘𝑘 1 0 0 0 0
5𝑘𝑘 1 1 1 1 1

𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 − 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒

𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 − 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
6𝑘𝑘 1 2 4 2 4
Diameters
� 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 � 𝑓𝑓𝑑𝑑2
𝑁𝑁 = 7
= −6 = 28
Number of
15 17 21 22 25
circles
Variance 𝜎𝜎 2 = 160
Calculate the standard deviation. 2
∑ 𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑

n
Solution: −� � × 𝑐𝑐 2 = 160
𝑁𝑁 𝑁𝑁
Assumed Mean = 42.5, 𝑐𝑐 = 4

l.i
Mid 𝒅𝒅 28 −6 2
Class
Point
Frequency
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 � − � � � × 𝑘𝑘 2 = 160

da
𝒙𝒙 − 𝑨𝑨 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇
Interval
(𝒙𝒙)
(𝒇𝒇) = 7 7
𝒄𝒄
32.5 − 36.5 34.5 15 −2 4 −30 60 36
�4 − � × 𝑘𝑘 2 = 160
49

ka
36.5 − 40.5 38.5 17 −1 1 −17 17
160
40.5 − 44.5 42.5 21 0 0 0 0 × 𝑘𝑘 2 = 160
44.5 − 48.5 vi 49
46.5 22 1 1 22 22
49
48.5 − 52.5 50.5 25 2 4 50 100 𝑘𝑘2 = 160 ×
160
al
𝑁𝑁 = 100
� 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 � 𝑓𝑓𝑑𝑑 2 𝑘𝑘2 = 49
.k

= 25 = 199
𝑘𝑘 = 7
2
∑ 𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑2 ∑ 𝑓𝑓 𝑑𝑑 4. The standard deviation of some temperature data
w

Standard Deviation 𝜎𝜎 = � −� � × 𝐶𝐶
𝑁𝑁 𝑁𝑁 in degree celsius ( ∘ 𝐂𝐂) is 5 . If the data were
converted into degree Farenheit ( ∘ 𝐅𝐅 ) then what
w

199 25 2 is the variance?

=� −( ) ×4
w

100 100 Solution:

Given: The S.D of some temperature data in degree
19900 − 625
=� ×4 Celsius (° 𝐶𝐶) = 5
10000
Celsius (°𝐶𝐶) to Fahrenheit (°𝐹𝐹) conversion
9
19275 = × °𝑐𝑐 + 32
=� ×4 5
10000
The SD of the temperature data’s in Fahrenheit
138.83 9
= ×4 (°𝐹𝐹) = 5 × 5 = 9 [Leaving the constant of 32]
1000
= 1.3883 × 4 It’s variance 𝜎𝜎 2 = 92 = 81
𝜎𝜎 ≃ 5.55 5. If for a distribution, ∑(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟓𝟓) = 𝟑𝟑, ∑(𝒙𝒙 − 𝟓𝟓)𝟐𝟐 =
𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒, and total number of observations is 18 , find
3. The frequency distribution is given below. the mean and standard deviation.
Solution:
𝒙𝒙 𝒌𝒌 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝒌 𝟑𝟑𝒌𝒌 𝟒𝟒𝒌𝒌 𝟓𝟓𝒌𝒌 𝟔𝟔𝒌𝒌
∑(𝑥𝑥 − 5) = 3, ∑(𝑥𝑥 − 5)2 = 43, 𝑛𝑛 = 18
𝒇𝒇 2 1 1 1 1 1
�(𝑥𝑥 − 5) = 3
In the table, 𝒌𝒌 is a positive integer, has a variance
of 160 . Determine the value of 𝒌𝒌. �x − �5 = 3
Solution:
�x − 5�1 = 3
Assumed Mean 𝐴𝐴 = 4𝑘𝑘, 𝑐𝑐 = 𝑘𝑘.
𝒙𝒙 − 𝑨𝑨 � x − 5 × 18 = 3 [� 1 = 𝑛𝑛 = 18]
𝒙𝒙 (𝒇𝒇) 𝒅𝒅 = 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 𝒇𝒇𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐
𝒄𝒄
� x − 90 = 3
𝑘𝑘 2 −3 9 −6 18
2𝑘𝑘 1 −2 4 −2 4 � x = 93

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𝜎𝜎1
�(𝑥𝑥 − 5)2 = 43 Coefficient of Variation 𝐶𝐶𝑉𝑉1 = × 100%
𝑥𝑥1
���
2
�(𝑥𝑥 − 10𝑥𝑥 + 25) = 43 2.45
= × 100
20
� x 2 − 10 � x + 25 � 1 = 43 245
=
� 𝑥𝑥 2 − 10 × 93 + 25 × 18 = 43 20
= 12.25%
� 𝑥𝑥 2 − 930 + 450 = 43 Prices in City B:
10+12+15+18+10 75
� 𝑥𝑥 2 − 480 = 43
Mean 𝑥𝑥2 = 5
= 5
= 15
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 = 𝒙𝒙 − ���
𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐

n
� 𝑥𝑥 2 = 523 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
= 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

l.i
∑ 𝑥𝑥 93 10 −5 25
Mean 𝑥𝑥 = = 18 = 5.17

da
𝑛𝑛 12 −3 9
2
∑ 𝑥𝑥2 ∑ 𝑥𝑥 15 0 0
Standard Deviation 𝜎𝜎 = � −� �

ka
𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛 18 3 9
20 5 25
523 93 2 vi
=� −� �
18 18 � 𝑑𝑑 = 0 � 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 68
al
9414 − 8649 ∑ 𝑑𝑑22 68
=� Standard Deviation 𝜎𝜎2 = � = � = √13.6
.k

324 𝑛𝑛 5
w

765 = 3.69
=� 𝜎𝜎2
324 Coefficient of Variation 𝐶𝐶𝑉𝑉2 = × 100%
w

𝑥𝑥2
���
27.66 3.69
=
w

18 = × 100
15
𝜎𝜎 ≃ 1.54 369
=
15
6. Prices of peanut packets in various places of two = 24.6%
cities are given below. In which city, prices were 𝐶𝐶𝑉𝑉1 < 𝐶𝐶𝑉𝑉2
more stable?
∴ City A is More Consistent.
Prices in city A 20 22 19 23 16
7. If the range and coefficient of range of the data
Prices in city B 10 20 18 12 15 are 20 and 0.2 respectively, then find the largest
and smallest values of the data.
Solution:
Solution:
Prices in City A:
20+22+19+23+16 100 Range 𝐿𝐿 − 𝑆𝑆 = 20 − − − − − (1)
Mean 𝑥𝑥1 = = = 20 𝐿𝐿−𝑆𝑆
5 5 Coefficient of Range = 0.2 − − − −(2)
𝐿𝐿+𝑆𝑆
𝒅𝒅𝟏𝟏 = 𝒙𝒙 − ���
𝒙𝒙𝟏𝟏
𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏 20
= 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 (2) ⇒ = 0.2
𝐿𝐿 + 𝑆𝑆
16 −4 16 20
= 𝐿𝐿 + 𝑆𝑆
19 −1 1 0.2
20 0 0 𝐿𝐿 + 𝑆𝑆 = 100 − − − −(3)
(1) + (3) ⇒ 2𝐿𝐿 = 120 ⇒ 𝐿𝐿 = 60
22 2 4
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 60
23 3 9
(1) ⇒ 60 − 𝑆𝑆 = 20 ⇒ 𝑆𝑆 = 40
� 𝑑𝑑 = 0 � 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐𝟏𝟏 = 30 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 = 40

∑ 𝑑𝑑12 30
Standard Deviation 𝜎𝜎1 = � = � = √6 = 2.45
𝑛𝑛 5
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8. If two dice are rolled, then find the probability 𝑛𝑛(𝐵𝐵) 𝑛𝑛(𝑊𝑊)
=2×
of getting the product of face value 6 or the 𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) 𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆)
difference of face values 5 . 𝑥𝑥 5
=2×
Solution: 5 + 𝑥𝑥 5 + 𝑥𝑥
Sample Space of Two Dices Rolled 𝑥𝑥 = 2 × 5
𝑆𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6) 𝑥𝑥 = 10
(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2 4), (2,5), (2,6) ∴ The Number of Black Balls 𝑛𝑛(𝐵𝐵) = 10
(3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6) 11. The probability that a student will pass the
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) final examination in both English and Tamil is
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) 0.5 and the probability of passing neither is 0.1

n
(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)} . If the probability of passing the English

l.i
𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) = 36 examination is 0.75 , what is the probability of
Let A be a Event of getting the product value is 6.

da
passing the Tamil examination?
𝐴𝐴 = {(1,6), (2,3), (3,2), (6,1) } , 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) = 4 Solution:
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) 4 Given :

ka
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) = =
𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) 36 Probability of passing the English examination :
Let B be a event of getting a difference of 5. 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸) = 0.75
𝐵𝐵 = {(6,1)}; 𝑛𝑛(𝐵𝐵) = 1
𝑛𝑛(𝐵𝐵) 1
vi Probability of passing in both English and Tamil :
al
𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = = 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∩ 𝑇𝑇) = 0.5
𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) 36 Probability of passing neither: 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∪ 𝑇𝑇) = 0.1
.k

𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵 = {(6,1)}; 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 1 ����������

𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∪ 𝑇𝑇) = 0.1
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 1
1 − 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∪ 𝑇𝑇) = 0.1
w

𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = =
𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) 36
𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∪ 𝑇𝑇) = 0.9
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
w

Probability of Passing in Tamil

4 1 1
= + − 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∪ 𝑇𝑇) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸) + 𝑃𝑃(𝑇𝑇) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸 ∩ 𝑇𝑇)
w

36 36 36
4 0.9 = 0.75 + 𝑃𝑃(𝑇𝑇) − 0.5
= 𝑃𝑃(𝑇𝑇) = 0.9 + 0.5 − 0.75
36
1 65
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝑇𝑇) = 0.65 =
9 100
13
9. In a two children family, find the probability 𝑃𝑃(𝑇𝑇) =
20
that there is at least one girl in a family.
Solution:
A Family With Two Children One Boy or Girl
Sample Space 𝑆𝑆 = {𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵, 𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵, 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺, 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺} , 𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) = 4
Let A be a event of getting atleast One girl ***
𝐴𝐴 = {𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵, 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺, 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺}: 𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) = 3 PREPARED & TYPED BY
𝑛𝑛(𝐴𝐴) 3 Y. SEENIVASAN. M.Sc, B.Ed
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) = =
𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) 4 PG – TEACHER (MATHS)
10. A bag contains 5 white and some black balls. If
All the best Students
the probability of drawing a black ball from the
bag is twice the probability of drawing a white “Experience is the best Teacher”
ball then find the number of black balls.
Solution:
Given: A bag contains 5 white balls
Number of white balls 𝑛𝑛(𝑤𝑤) = 5
Let the number of black balls 𝑛𝑛(𝐵𝐵) = 𝑥𝑥,
𝑛𝑛(𝑆𝑆) = 5 + 𝑥𝑥
Given → 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = 2 × 𝑃𝑃(𝑊𝑊)

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