Work, Power, and Energy Chapter: Answers

1. Very Short Answer Questions (1 mark each)

1. Define work. Write its SI unit.

Answer: Work is said to be done when a force is applied to an object, and the object moves in the

direction of the force. The SI unit of work is the Joule (J), where 1 Joule = 1 Newton meter.

2. State the work-energy theorem.

Answer: The work-energy theorem states that the work done on an object is equal to the change in

its kinetic energy.

W = ?K = K_f - K_i.

3. What is the power of a machine that does 500 J of work in 10 seconds?

Answer: Power is the rate at which work is done.

P = W/t = 500/10 = 50 W.

4. When is work done by a force negative?

Answer: Work done by a force is negative when the force and displacement are in opposite

directions, i.e., when the angle between the force and displacement is greater than 90°.

5. A spring is stretched by 0.2 m with a spring constant k = 100 N/m. Find the potential energy

stored.

Answer: The potential energy stored in a spring is given by U = (1/2) k x^2.

U = (1/2) * 100 * (0.2)^2 = 2 J.

2. Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

6. A body of mass 10 kg is lifted to a height of 5 m. Calculate the work done. (Take g = 9.8 m/s²).

Answer: Work done against gravity is W = mgh.

W = 10 * 9.8 * 5 = 490 J.

7. Explain the difference between conservative and non-conservative forces with examples.

Answer:

- Conservative forces: These are forces for which the work done is independent of the path taken.

Example: Gravitational force.

- Non-conservative forces: These are forces for which the work done depends on the path taken.

Example: Friction.

8. A pump delivers 300 kg of water to a height of 10 m in 1 minute. Find the power of the pump.

(Take g = 10 m/s²).

Answer: The work done is W = mgh.

W = 300 * 10 * 10 = 30000 J.

Power P = W/t = 30000/60 = 500 W.

9. A car of mass 800 kg is moving with a speed of 20 m/s. Find its kinetic energy.

Answer: Kinetic energy K = (1/2) m v^2.

K = (1/2) * 800 * 20^2 = 160000 J.

3. Long Answer Questions (3 marks each)

10. Derive the expression for work done by a constant force: W = F * d * cos?.

Answer:

Work done by a force is the product of the force and the displacement of the object in the direction

of the force.

W = F * d * cos?, where:

- F = Force applied

- d = Displacement

- ? = Angle between the force and the displacement.

11. A particle is projected vertically upward with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Calculate the maximum

height reached and the work done by gravity. (Take g = 10 m/s²).

Answer:

At maximum height, the final velocity is 0. Using the equation v^2 = u^2 - 2gh,

0 = 20^2 - 2 * 10 * h,

h = 400 / 20 = 20 m.

Work done by gravity: W = mgh = 10 * 10 * 20 = 2000 J.

12. Differentiate between elastic and inelastic collisions in terms of energy.

Answer:

- Elastic collision: Total kinetic energy is conserved before and after the collision.

- Inelastic collision: Total kinetic energy is not conserved; some of the kinetic energy is converted
 Work, Power, and Energy Chapter: Answers

into other forms of energy (e.g., heat, sound).

13. A block of mass 2 kg is sliding on a rough horizontal surface with a speed of 5 m/s. It comes to

rest after covering 10 m. Calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the

surface.

Answer:

Work done by friction W_f = -f_k * d, where f_k = ?_k mg.

f_k * d = (1/2) m v^2,

?_k mg * 10 = (1/2) * 2 * 5^2,

?_k = 25 / (10 * 2 * 9.8) = 0.13.

4. Numerical Problems (5 marks each)

14. A body of mass 5 kg is placed on a frictionless inclined plane of angle 30°. A force is applied

parallel to the incline to push the body upwards. If the force is 50 N and the body moves 6 m up the

incline:

(a) Find the work done by the applied force.

Answer:

Work done W = F * d = 50 * 6 = 300 J.

(b) Calculate the work done against gravity.

Answer:

Work done against gravity W_g = mgh = 5 * 9.8 * 6 * sin 30° = 5 * 9.8 * 6 * 0.5 = 147 J.
 Work, Power, and Energy Chapter: Answers

(c) Determine the net work done on the body.

Answer:

Net work W_net = W_applied - W_g = 300 - 147 = 153 J.

15. A spring is compressed by 0.1 m from its natural length. If the spring constant is 200 N/m, find:

(a) The potential energy stored in the spring.

Answer:

Potential energy U = (1/2) k x^2 = (1/2) * 200 * (0.1)^2 = 1 J.

(b) The work done to compress the spring.

Answer:

Work done to compress the spring is the same as the potential energy stored: W = 1 J.

16. A machine lifts a load of 500 kg vertically through a height of 20 m in 25 seconds. Calculate:

(a) The work done by the machine.

Answer:

Work done W = mgh = 500 * 10 * 20 = 100000 J.

(b) The power developed by the machine.

Answer:

Power P = W/t = 100000/25 = 4000 W.

(c) The power in horsepower (hp).

Answer:
 Work, Power, and Energy Chapter: Answers

Power in horsepower P_hp = 4000 / 746 ? 5.36 hp.

5. Theoretical/Derivation-Based Questions (5 marks each)

17. Derive the expression for the potential energy of a body raised to a height h above the ground: U

= mgh.

Answer:

Potential energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to a force, such as

gravity.

For a body of mass m raised to height h, the work done by gravity is equal to the change in potential

energy:

W = F * h = mgh,

where F = mg, the weight of the object.

18. Prove that in the absence of non-conservative forces, the total mechanical energy of a system

remains constant.

Answer:

The total mechanical energy E = K + U, where K is the kinetic energy and U is the potential energy.

In the absence of non-conservative forces (like friction), the total energy remains constant:

dE/dt = 0, hence E_initial = E_final.