REPORT ON STUDENTS’ INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME

(SIWES)

HELD AT

DVS RELIABLE ENERGY

BY

JOSHUA OLAMILEKAN OLANIYAN

SUBMITTED TO

THE SIWES UNIT,

In partial fulfilment for the award of bachelor’s degree of Engineering (B.Eng. Electrical
and Computer Engineering).
NOVEMBER, 2023
 CERTIFICATION

I hereby declare that I JOSHUA OLAMILEKAN OLANIYAN from the Department of

Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Kwara State

University, Malete, Nigeria underwent the six months Students Industrial Work Experience

Scheme (SIWES) at DVS Reliable Energy, Obafemi Awolowo way, Igbona Osogbo, Osun

State from 25th of April to the 10th of October 2023. I also declare that to the best of my

knowledge, all sources of knowledge used have been duly acknowledged.

……………………………………. …………………………………….
Name of Student Signature and Date

……………………………………. …………………………………….
Name of Industrial-based supervisor Signature and Date

……………………………………. …………………………………….
Name of SIWES coordinator Signature and Date

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All thanks to the Almighty God without whom this would not have succeeded.

My profound gratitude to the CEO DVS Reliable Energy in the person of Engr.

David Adewuyi for being a great mentor and leader and for the opportunity accorded

me to learn, explore and acquire new skills in my chosen field of study.

My appreciation also goes to the H.O.D. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Department Dr. Lambe Adeshina, SIWES Coordinator as well as the staff and

members of the department.

Furthermore, I will like to appreciate the staff (Mr. David Adewuyi, Mr. Ebenezer

Mr. Abraham) of DVS Reliable Energy for contributing to the success of this

programme.

Lastly, I really want to appreciate my parent and my siblings for their undying support

and advice towards the success of this programme.

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 DEDICATION

I dedicate this report first and foremost to almighty God who has been there right

from the beginning to this very point. Special dedication also to my ever-supportive

parents, for their relentless support and compassion toward me during the course of

my SIWES training. Furthermore, I want to dedicate this report to my lecturers for

their continual impact of my knowledge.

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 ABSTRACT
This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the Student Industrial Work Experience

Scheme (SIWES) undergone at Dvs Reliable Energy at the Igbona, Osun State office.

The report begins by providing an overview of the SIWES program and its significance

in bridging the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. The

subsequent chapters focus on the activities and operations carried out on the ongoing

project- Rehabilitation, Reconstruction and Expansion of Lagos-Ibadan dual- carriage

way. This report highlights the the on-site training activities including several

machineries used and the laboratory activities. Furthermore, the challenges faced and

how they were resolved, the experiences and skills gained were discussed. Indeed,

SIWES is evident in bridging the gap between the academia and industry.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION............................................................................................................................i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT................................................................................................................i

DEDICATION..................................................................................................................................i

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................i

CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1

1.1 HISTORY OF SIWES......................................................................................................1

1.2 AIM OF SIWES................................................................................................................1

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES................................................................................................2

1.4 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES........................................2

CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................3

COMPANY PROFILE....................................................................................................................3

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF DVS RELIABLE ENERGY........................................................3

2.3 OBJECTIVES OF DVS RELIABLE ENERGY..............................................................4

2.3 DVS RELIABLE ENERGY COMPANY SERVICES....................................................5

2.4 ORGANIZATION CHART OF DVS RELIABLE ENERGY.........................................5

CHAPTER THREE.........................................................................................................................6

INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE...........................................................................................6

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 3.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................6

3.2 KNOWLEDGE GAINED DURING THE FIRST WEEKS OF THEORY CLASS........6

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY....................................................6

3.2.2 BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY.............................................................................8

3.2.3 PRINCIPLES OF CCTV SYSTEMS........................................................................9

3.2.4 HOUSE WIRING FUNDAMENTAL.....................................................................11

3.2.5 SAFETY PROCEDURES.......................................................................................16

3.3 SOLAR SETUP/INSTALLATION............................................................................17

3.3.1 UNDERSTANDING SOLAR ENERGY................................................................17

3.3.2 SOLAR INSTALLATION PROCEDURE.............................................................17

3.3.3 SOLAR INSTALLATION STEPS..........................................................................17

3.3.3.5 CONNECT THE SYSTEM TO SOLAR INVERTER........................................17

3.3.3.7 CONNECT SOLAR INVERTER TO THE GRID..............................................17

3.4 SECURITY SYSTEM INSTALLATION(CCTV).........................................................17

3.4.1 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV)..........................................................17

3.4.2 CCTV DESIGN AND PLANNING........................................................................17

3.4.2.2 CAMERA SELECTION AND PLACEMENT...................................................17

3.4.3 CCTV INSTALLATION STEPS............................................................................17

3.4.4 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF CCTV....................................................17

CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................17

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EQUIPMENT USED AND FUNCTIONS....................................................................................17

4.1 GENERAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT......................................................................17

4.2 SOLAR INSTALLATION.............................................................................................17

4.2.1 TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL...................................................................................17

4.2.2 OTHER COMPONENT INVOLVE.......................................................................17

4.3 CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION...............................................................................17

4.3.1 TYPES OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION.....................................................17

4.3.2 OTHER COMPONENT INVOLVED IN CCTV INSTALLATION.....................17

CHAPTER FIVE...........................................................................................................................17

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................................................17

5.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION................................................................................17

5.2 PROBLEM FACED DURING THE SIWES PROGRAM.............................................17

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................................17

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1:Photovoltaic cell conveersion....................................................................................21

Figure 2: Solar installation diagaram.......................................................................................23

Figure 3: Mount installation.....................................................................................................24

Figure 4:Installation ................................................................................................................25

Figure 5:Panel connection........................................................................................................26

Figure 6:Inverter an battery connection...................................................................................26

Figure 7: Inverter Connection to grid......................................................................................27

Figure 8: CCTV installation Diagram......................................................................................31

Figure 9: Analog camera..........................................................................................................32

Figure 10: IP camera................................................................................................................32

Figure 11: Power adapter.........................................................................................................33

Figure 12:Power and network cable.........................................................................................33

Figure 13:DVR/NVR...............................................................................................................34

Figure 14: DVR connection to the monitor.............................................................................34

Figure 15: DVR connection to the monitor.............................................................................35

Figure 16: Connection of cctv for remote viewing..................................................................35

Figure 17:Screw Driver............................................................................................................38

Figure 18: Wire Stripper..........................................................................................................38

Figure 19: Plier.........................................................................................................................39

Figure 20:Wire Cutter..............................................................................................................39

Figure 21: Crimping tool..........................................................................................................39

Figure 22: Ditigtal Multimeter.................................................................................................40

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Figure 23:Drill..........................................................................................................................40

Figure 24:Fish Tape.................................................................................................................40

Figure 25:Ladder......................................................................................................................41

Figure 26: Tool box..................................................................................................................41

Figure 27: Monocrystalline panels...........................................................................................42

Figure 28: Polycrystalline solar panel......................................................................................42

Figure 29: Thin-Film Panels....................................................................................................42

Figure 30: Luminous inverter system.......................................................................................43

Figure 31: Mounting structures................................................................................................43

Figure 32: Racking and Mounting Hardware..........................................................................43

Figure 33: Wiring and Connectors...........................................................................................44

Figure 34: Battery....................................................................................................................44

Figure 35:Solar Charge Controller ..........................................................................................45

Figure 36:Dome camera...........................................................................................................45

Figure 37: Bullet Camera ........................................................................................................46

Figure 38:Day/Night Camera...................................................................................................46

Figure 39:DVR.........................................................................................................................47

Figure 40:Cables......................................................................................................................47

Figure 41:Power supply...........................................................................................................48

Figure 42:Monitor....................................................................................................................48

Figure 43:Hard disk.................................................................................................................48

Figure 44: Networking Equipment..........................................................................................49

Figure 45: Mounting Hardware..................................................................................................4

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORY OF SIWES

The Students’ Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a skill training

programme designed to expose and prepare students at universities, polytechnics, and

Colleges of Education for the industrial work situation they are likely to meet after

graduation. The scheme also affords students the opportunity of familiarizing and

exposing themselves to the needed experience in handling equipment and machinery that

are usually not available in their institutions. Before establishment of the scheme, there

was a growing concern among our industrialists that graduates of institutions of higher

learning lacked adequate practical background studies preparatory for employment

industries. Thus, the employers believed the theoretical education going on in higher

institutions was not responsive to the needs of the employers of labour. It is against this

background that the rationale for initiating and designing the scheme by the fund during

its formative years – 1973/74 was introduced to acquaint students with the skills of

handling employers’ equipment and machinery. The ITF solely funded the scheme during

its formative years. But as the financial involvement became unbearable to the fund, it

withdrew from the scheme in 1978. The federal government handed over the scheme in

1979 to both the National Universities Commission (NUC) and the National Board for

Technical Education (NBTE). Later, the federal government in November 1984 reverted

the management and implementation of the scheme to ITF and it was effectively taken

over by the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) in July 1985 with the funding being solely

borne by the federal government.

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1.2 AIM OF SIWES

The Aim of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is to equip

students with practical skills and real-world experience in their respective fields of study.

By immersing students in actual workplace environments, SIWES bridges the gap

between theoretical knowledge acquired in classrooms and practical applications in

industries. This hands-on experience not only enhances their technical expertise but also

instills professionalism and workplace ethics. Moreover, SIWES fosters industry

relevance in education, ensuring that students understand how their academic knowledge

translates into practical solutions. Through this program, students build valuable

networks, improve their employability, and contribute to research and development

efforts, ultimately preparing them for successful careers in their chosen fields.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The Industrial Training Fund’s policy Document No. 1 of 1973 which established

SIWES outlined the objectives of the scheme. The objectives are to:

i. It provides an avenue for students in institutions of higher learning to acquire

industrial skills and experience during their course of study.

ii. It exposes Students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and

machinery that may not be available in their institutions.

iii. It makes the transition from school to the world of work easier and enhances

students’ contact for later job placements and a chance to evaluate

companies for which they might wish to work.

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iv. It provides students with the opportunities to apply their educational knowledge in

real work and industrial situations, there by bridging the gap between theory and

practice.

V. The program teaches the students on how to interact effectively with other workers

and supervisors under various conditions in the organization.

1.4 BODIES INVOLVED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SIWES

The bodies involved are the Federal Government, Industrial Trust Fund (ITF). Other

supervising agencies are National University Commission (NUC), National Board of

Technical Education (NBTE) and National Council for Colleges of Education (NCCE).

The functions of the afore-mentioned agencies include among others to:

i. Establish SIWES and accredit SIWES departments in authorized universities.

ii. Ensure adequate funding of the scheme.

iii. Establish policies and regulations for participating organizations and institutions, and

assign coordinators and support staff for SIWES.

iv. Monitor students at their attachment sites and affix your signature on their ITF forms

as well as log books.

v. Ensure payment of allowances for the students and supervisors.

Therefore, the effectiveness of the ministries, ITF, institutions, employers of labor, and

the public involved in the formulation and administration of the program determines the

success or failure of SIWES. Therefore, it is essential to assess how well SIWES in

tertiary institutions meets the requirements for the program's establishment. (SIWES

Information and Guidelines, 2002).

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 CHAPTER TWO

COMPANY PROFILE

2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF DVS RELIABLE ENERGY

DVS Reliable Energy company was established in 2010, it is located at 2/4, Obafemi

Awolowo way, beside Oduwoye filling station, Igbona Osogbo, Osun State. DVS

Reliable Energy Company has quickly become a leader in the renewable energy sector. It

was founded with a mission to promote sustainable energy solutions, the company

focuses on providing high-quality solar power systems, energy storage solutions and

CCTV security solutions to residential, commercial, and industrial clients. With a team of

dedicated engineers and technicians, DVS Reliable Energy Company has continually

pushed the boundaries of solar technology, making significant strides in improving

efficiency and affordability. Over the years, the company's commitment to environmental

responsibility and innovation has garnered widespread recognition. DVS Reliable Energy

Company actively engages in community initiatives, promoting solar adoption in

underserved areas and contributing to a greener future. With a strong emphasis on

research, development, and customer satisfaction, the company continues to shape the

renewable energy landscape, striving to make clean energy accessible and reliable for all.

Furthermore, the company's approach goes beyond mere transactions; it's about building

lasting relationships. By prioritizing extensive research, development, and ensuring

unparalleled customer satisfaction, DVS Reliable Energy Company stands poised on the

forefront of reshaping the renewable energy landscape. With every project undertaken,

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 the company reaffirms its dedication to making clean, accessible, and reliable energy a

reality for everyone, thereby shaping a greener and more sustainable future.

2.3 OBJECTIVES OF DVS RELIABLE ENERGY

In an era where climate change poses a significant threat to our planet, solar companies

play a pivotal role in driving the transition towards a sustainable energy future. These

companies are driven by a set of core objectives that not only define their business goals

but also contribute significantly to global environmental well-being. Here are the key

objectives of Dvs Reliable Energy company:

1. Advancing Renewable Energy Adoption: At the heart of our company's ethos is the

drive to advance the adoption of renewable energy, especially solar power. By harnessing

the inexhaustible power of the sun, DVS Reliable Energy Company aims to reduce our

dependence on finite fossil fuels and contribute significantly to mitigating the

environmental impact of traditional energy sources.

2. Fostering Technological Innovation: Innovation is our cornerstone. DVS Reliable

Energy Company invests passionately in research and development to enhance solar

technology continually. By pushing the boundaries of what solar energy can achieve, we

make strides in improving efficiency and affordability, ensuring that our clients receive

cutting-edge solutions.

3. Enabling Energy Accessibility: DVS Reliable Energy Company is dedicated to making

clean energy accessible to all, including underserved communities. Through initiatives

such as community solar projects and innovative financing options, we ensure that even

remote areas have reliable access to sustainable electricity, empowering lives and

transforming communities.

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4. Creating Green Jobs and Economic Growth: We believe in the power of green jobs.

By creating employment opportunities in the renewable energy sector, we not only

stimulate economic growth but also nurture expertise within our communities. DVS

Reliable Energy Company is committed to fostering a workforce that is skilled and

passionate about renewable energy solutions.

5. Building Energy Resilience: DVS Reliable Energy Company focuses on building

energy resilience. Through the integration of solar systems with cutting-edge energy

storage solutions, we ensure a stable energy supply even during challenging times.

Building resilience is not just a goal; it's our commitment to providing uninterrupted and

reliable electricity to our clients.

6. Advocacy for Supportive Policies: We advocate for policies that support renewable

energy development. By actively engaging with policymakers and stakeholders, DVS

Reliable Energy Company works towards creating an environment conducive to solar

energy adoption. Our goal is to influence regulations and incentives, making clean energy

financially viable for all.

2.3 DVS RELIABLE ENERGY COMPANY SERVICES

i. Solar Installation: DVS Reliable Energy Company specializes in expert solar

installation services, tailoring solar power systems for various needs. With a

focus on efficiency and sustainability, their installations harness solar energy to

provide reliable power while significantly reducing environmental impact and

energy costs.

ii. CCTV Installation: DVS Reliable Energy Company ensures robust security

solutions through cutting-edge CCTV installations. Their skilled technicians

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 employ state-of-the-art technology to set up comprehensive surveillance systems,

enhancing safety for homes and businesses. With round-the-clock monitoring,

clients can enjoy peace of mind, knowing their properties are protected.

iii. House Wiring: DVS Reliable Energy Company excels in meticulous house

wiring services, guaranteeing seamless electrical connectivity. Their adept

electricians handle all aspects of wiring with precision and adherence to safety

standards. Whether for residential or commercial spaces, their expertise ensures

reliable and safe electrical systems, providing clients with uninterrupted power

supply.

2.4 ORGANIZATION CHART OF DVS RELIABLE ENERGY

DIRECTOR/CEO

MANAGER

SALES/MARKETING ENGINEERING HUMAN RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

IT/TRAINING

DEPARTMENT

i. CEO/MANAGING DIRECTOR: The name of the CEO of DVS Reliable

Energy is Engr. David Adewuyi. He oversees making significant corporate

9
 decisions, directing general operations, and determining the company's strategic

direction. He is accountable to the DVS Reliable Energy board of directors or

stakeholders.

ii. MANAGER: The name of the Manager of DVS Reliable Energy is Mr Adedeji.

He oversees fulfilling an organization's goals and objectives through managing its

resources (people, financial, and operational). Managerial responsibilities include,

but are not limited to, team leadership, goal setting, performance analysis,

decision making, and review.

iii. SALES/MARKETING DEPARTMENT: The name of the Head of Department

(H.O.D) sales/marketing department is Miss Rebecca. The sales/marketing

department is the company's public face, coordinating and producing all materials

that reflect the company. It is the Marketing Department's responsibility to reach

out to prospects, customers, investors, and/or the community, all while building

an overall picture that reflects the company favorably. The HOD oversees all

marketing activities inside a company. They oversee formulating strategies,

budget management, goal setting, and ensuring consistent brand messaging across

multiple marketing media.

iv. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: The name of the Head of Department

(H.O.D) engineering department is Engr. David. He leads the engineering

department of a company; from hiring and training new team members to

managing tech projects and preparing the budget of the team. Engineering

department designs and manages solar projects which can range from rooftop

projects to citywide installations. We are also responsible for the installation of

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 cameras, design and building of inverters, installation of smart boards, repairs and

trouble shooting of computers, and repairs of general electrical appliances. We

also are involved in the electrical wiring and fittings of houses.

v. HUMAN RESOURCES DEPARTMENT: The Head Of Department(H.O.D) of

human resources is Mr. Gbenga. The human resource department is responsible

for the following functions: recruitment and hiring, training and development,

employer-employee relations, maintaining company culture, managing employee

benefits, creating a safe work environment, and handling disciplinary actions.

vi. IT/TRAINING DEPARTMENT: The engineering unit oversees this

department. For their training experience, trainees and SIWES/IT students belong

under this category. Any network maintenance or troubleshooting that has to be

done is assisted by this department by the engineering department.

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 CHAPTER THREE

INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter covers the information on the experience gained during my SIWES

program at Dvs Reliable Energy. As the culture of the company the first few weeks

is for theory session where the basics of electronics such as the type of battery,

sizes of inverter, networking media, conversion rates, and CCTV installation devices are

discussed. The other weeks encompasses practical sessions on how the various

devices used in the company such as the CCTV are being configured.

In the subsequent weeks in Devs Reliable Energy, I started being assigned to the

engineers for field work ranging from solar installation, House Wiring,

Surveillance Camera setup, troubleshooting and maintenance.

3.2 KNOWLEDGE GAINED DURING THE FIRST WEEKS OF THEORY CLASS

3.2.1 INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are replenished naturally and can be used

indefinitely. Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to environmental

pollution, renewable energy sources are sustainable and have minimal impact on the

environment. Here are some key types of renewable energy:

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i. Solar Energy: Solar power harnesses energy from the sun using photovoltaic

(PV) cells or concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Solar panels convert

sunlight into electricity, which can be used to power homes, businesses, and even

entire cities.

ii. Wind Energy: Wind turbines capture the kinetic energy of the wind and convert

it into electricity. Large-scale wind farms are set up in areas with consistent wind

patterns to generate significant amounts of renewable energy.

iii. Hydropower: Hydropower utilizes the energy of moving or falling water. It is

generated by dams, rivers, or ocean tides to drive turbines and generate electricity.

Hydropower is one of the most widely used forms of renewable energy.

iv. Biomass Energy: Biomass energy is derived from organic materials such as

plants, crop residues, animal manure, and wood. These organic materials are

burned to produce heat or converted into biofuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel,

which can be used for transportation or power generation.

v. Geothermal Energy: Geothermal power utilizes the heat from the Earth's core.

Wells are drilled to access the hot water or steam underground, which is then used

to drive turbines and generate electricity. Geothermal energy is abundant in areas

with volcanic activity.

vi. Tidal Energy: Tidal power harnesses the energy of ocean tides to generate

electricity. Tidal turbines are placed in areas with strong tidal currents, and as the

tides flow in and out, they spin the turbines and produce renewable energy.

Renewable energy, particularly solar power, is at the forefront of the global shift

towards sustainable energy solutions. As a SIWES student Devs Reliable Energy

13
 company, understanding the fundamental principles of solar energy is paramount.

Photovoltaic cells, the building blocks of solar panels, convert sunlight into electricity

through the photovoltaic effect. This eco-friendly process harnesses the sun's

abundant energy, reducing dependence on finite fossil fuels. Various solar systems,

such as grid-tied and off-grid setups, cater to diverse energy needs. Moreover, delving

into the applications of solar power in residential, commercial, and industrial settings

provides insights into the versatility of this renewable resource

3.2.2 BASIC ELECTRICAL THEORY

Understanding basic electrical theory is crucial for comprehending the principles behind

electricity and its applications. Here are some fundamental concepts I was taught:

i. Voltage: Voltage, measured in volts (V), represents the electrical potential

difference between two points in a circuit. It determines the force that drives

electric current. Higher voltage means more potential energy is available to move

the electrons.

ii. Current: Current, measured in amperes (A), is the flow of electric charge in a

circuit. It represents the movement of electrons through a conductor. Current can

be either direct current (DC), where electrons flow in one direction, or alternating

current (AC), where electrons switch direction periodically.

iii. Resistance: Resistance, measured in ohms (Ω), measures the opposition to the

flow of electric current in a circuit. Conductors have low resistance, allowing

current to flow easily, while insulators have high resistance, restricting the flow of

current.

iv. Ohm's Law: Ohm's Law relates voltage, current, and resistance. It states that the

14
 current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across

it and inversely proportional to its resistance. The formula is I = V / R, where I is

the current, V is the voltage, and R is the resistance.

v. Power: Power, measured in watts (W), represents the rate at which electrical

energy is consumed or delivered in a circuit. The formula is P = VI, where P is

power, V is voltage, and I is current. Power can also be calculated using the

formula P = I^2R or P = V^2/R.

vi. Series and Parallel Circuits: In a series circuit, components are connected end-

to-end, creating a single path for current. The same current flows through each

component, and the total resistance is the sum of individual resistances. In a

parallel circuit, components are connected across each other, providing multiple

paths for current. The voltage across each component remains the same, while the

total current is the sum of individual currents.

vii. Capacitors and Inductors: Capacitors store electrical energy in an electric field

and can release it when needed. Inductors store energy in a magnetic field and can

oppose changes in current. Capacitors are used in various electronic applications,

such as timing circuits, while inductors are commonly found in electromagnets

and transformers.

3.2.3 PRINCIPLES OF CCTV SYSTEMS

CCTV systems, which stands for Closed-Circuit Television systems, are used for

surveillance and monitoring purposes in various settings. Here are some key principles of

CCTV systems:

i. Cameras: CCTV systems consist of cameras that capture video footage. These

15
 cameras may be fixed or pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras that can be remotely

controlled. High-quality cameras with features like high resolution, low light

capability, and wide dynamic range are preferred for clearer and more detailed

video.

ii. Video Recording: The captured video footage from CCTV cameras is recorded

and stored for later use. This can be done using digital video recorders (DVRs),

network video recorders (NVRs), or cloud-based storage systems. The recorded

video can be accessed and reviewed when needed.

iii. Monitor and Display: CCTV systems include monitors or display screens for

live viewing of video footage in real-time. These displays can be single monitors

or multiscreen setups that allow simultaneous viewing of multiple camera feeds.

iv. Transmission: The video signals from CCTV cameras are transmitted through

cables or wirelessly to the recording and monitoring devices. Wired transmission

typically uses coaxial cables or Ethernet cables, whereas wireless transmission

utilizes Wi-Fi, radio frequencies, or cellular networks.

v. Security and Access Control: CCTV systems may have security measures in

place to protect the video footage and control access to the system. This can

include password protection, encryption, and user authentication to ensure that

only authorized personnel can access and manage the system.

vi. Integration and Remote Access: CCTV systems can be integrated with other

security systems, such as alarms or access control systems, to provide a

comprehensive security solution. Additionally, remote access capabilities allow

authorized individuals to view live or recorded video footage from CCTV

16
 cameras using computers, smartphones, or other devices.

vii. Storage and Retention: The recorded video footage needs to be stored for a

certain period of time, depending on legal requirements or the needs of the user.

CCTV systems should have sufficient storage capacity or the ability to

automatically overwrite old footage when the storage is full.

viii. Maintenance and System Health: Regular maintenance and monitoring of

the CCTV system are essential to ensure proper functionality. This includes

checking camera angles, cleaning lenses, inspecting cables, and updating software

and firmware to address security vulnerabilities and ensure optimal performance.

By understanding these principles, individuals can effectively deploy and manage CCTV

systems to enhance security and surveillance in various environments, including

residential, commercial, and public spaces.

3.2.4 HOUSE WIRING FUNDAMENTAL

House wiring fundamentals refer to the basic principles and practices involved in

electrical wiring systems within residential buildings. Here are some key aspects to

consider:

i. Electrical Safety: Safety should be the top priority when working with house

wiring. Ensure that the power source is turned off and that appropriate safety

precautions, such as wearing insulated gloves and using proper tools, are

followed. It is also important to comply with local electrical codes and

regulations.

ii. Circuit Design: Plan the electrical circuits in the house based on the intended

usage and electrical load requirements. Different areas of the house, such as

17
 bedrooms, living rooms, and kitchens, may have specific electrical needs.

Consider factors such as the number of outlets, lighting fixtures, and appliance

requirements when designing circuits.

iii. Electrical Panels: The electrical panel, or distribution board, is the central hub

for electrical power distribution in a house. It contains circuit breakers or fuses

that protect the circuits from overload. Ensure that the electrical panel is properly

sized and installed by a qualified electrician.

iv. Wiring Materials: Use appropriate wiring materials that meet safety standards.

Common types of wiring used in houses include non-metallic sheathed cable

(NM), also known as Romex, and armored cable (AC), which provides extra

protection against damage. The size of the wire, known as the gauge, should be

appropriate for the electrical load it will carry.

v. Outlets and Switches: Install electrical outlets and switches in convenient

locations throughout the house. Consider the placement of outlets based on the

furniture layout and potential electrical device requirements. Use proper wiring

techniques to connect outlets and switches, ensuring secure connections and

correct polarity.

vi. Grounding and Bonding: Proper grounding and bonding are crucial for

electrical safety. Grounding provides a path for fault currents to safely discharge,

while bonding connects metal components to prevent electrical shocks due to

potential voltage differences. Follow local electrical codes and guidelines for

grounding and bonding practices.

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 vii. Lighting: Plan the lighting system according to the layout and usage of each

room. Consider the type of lighting fixtures, such as recessed lights, pendant

lights, or ceiling fans, and install appropriate wiring and switches accordingly.

viii. Test and Inspection: It is essential to test and inspect the electrical wiring

system to ensure its proper functioning and safety. Use a circuit tester or

multimeter to check for voltage presence, continuity, and proper grounding.

Regular inspections by a qualified electrician can help identify any potential

issues or safety hazards.

Maintaining a safe and reliable electrical system is essential to prevent electrical

accidents and ensure the proper functioning of electrical devices in the house.

3.2.5 SAFETY PROCEDURES

Ensuring work safety is of utmost importance in any industry. Here is a list of general

work safety procedures.

i. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Require the use of appropriate PPE,

such as safety goggles, hard hats, gloves, safety shoes, and ear protection, based

on the specific hazards present in the workplace.

ii. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment: Regularly assess and identify

potential hazards in the workplace. Conduct thorough risk assessments to

determine the level of risk associated with each hazard and prioritize control

measures accordingly.

iii. Safe Work Practices: Establish and enforce safe work practices, such as proper

lifting techniques, ergonomic workstation setup, and safe use of machinery and

equipment. Encourage employees to follow safe work practices and provide

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 training on these practices.

iv. Machinery and Equipment Safety: Ensure that all machinery and equipment are

regularly inspected, well-maintained, and meet safety standards. Provide proper

guarding, lockout/tagout procedures, and clear operating instructions for

machinery and equipment.

v. Electrical Safety: Implement safe electrical practices, including proper

grounding, insulation of electrical equipment, and safe electrical wiring

installation. Train employees on electrical safety procedures and the proper use of

electrical tools and equipment.

vi. Fire Safety: Maintain clear evacuation routes, regularly inspect and maintain fire

extinguishers and other fire safety equipment, conduct fire drills, and ensure

employees are trained in fire safety procedures.

vii. Chemical Safety: Properly store and handle hazardous chemicals, label

containers clearly, provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), and train

employees in safe chemical handling and storage practices.

viii. Emergency Response: Establish emergency response procedures,

including evacuation plans, first aid training, and designated personnel

responsible for emergency management. Conduct regular drills and ensure

emergency exits and pathways are clearly marked and unobstructed.

ix. Training and Communication: Provide regular safety training to employees,

including new hires, and keep employees informed about workplace hazards,

safety procedures, and any changes to safety policies. Encourage open

communication about safety concerns.

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 x. Incident Reporting and Investigation: Establish a process for reporting and

investigating workplace incidents, near-misses, and hazards. Encourage

employees to report incidents promptly to facilitate timely investigation and

implementation of corrective actions.

xi. Continuous Improvement: Regularly review and improve safety procedures in

collaboration with employees and safety committees. Stay updated on relevant

regulations and industry best practices to ensure the highest level of safety in the

workplace.

3.3 SOLAR SETUP/INSTALLATION

Setting up a solar installation involves a systematic process, from selecting the right

materials to following precise procedures. Here's a comprehensive guide that covers

everything needed to know about solar installation:

3.3.1 UNDERSTANDING SOLAR ENERGY

Solar energy is harnessed through photovoltaic (PV) cells, which convert sunlight into

electricity. Solar panels are made of PV cells, typically composed of silicon, the most

common material used in solar cells due to its efficiency in converting sunlight into

electricity.

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 Figure 1: Photovoltaic cell conversion

3.3.2 SOLAR INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

3.3.2.1 SITE ASSESSMENT AND PLANNING

i. Evaluate the site's solar potential by considering factors like sunlight exposure,

shading, and local climate conditions.

ii. Determine the system size based on energy consumption and available roof space.

iii. Plan the layout of solar panels, considering optimal tilt and orientation for

maximum sunlight exposure.

3.3.2.2 PERMITTING AND REGULATIONS

i. Check with local authorities, homeowner associations, and utility companies to

obtain the necessary permits, approvals, and interconnection agreements.

ii. Ensure compliance with building codes, fire safety requirements, and grid

interconnection regulations.

3.3.2.3 MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING

i. Regularly monitor the system's performance to ensure optimal efficiency.

ii. Clean the solar panels periodically to remove dirt, dust, and debris that may

22
 reduce sunlight absorption.

iii. Conduct annual inspections to check for wear and tear, loose connections, or any

potential issues.

3.3.3 SOLAR INSTALLATION STEPS

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3.3.3.1 SOLAR PANEL INSTALLATION DIAGRAM

Figure 2: Solar Installation Diagram

3.3.3.2 MOUNT INSTALLATION

i. Attach mounting rails or frames to the roof, ensuring they are securely anchored.

ii. Install clamps and brackets to hold the solar panels in place on the mounting

structure.

iii. For countries in the Northern Hemisphere, the best direction to face solar panels is

south because it gets maximum sunlight. East and West directions will also do.

For countries in the Southern Hemisphere, the best direction is North.

iv. The mounting structure must be slightly tilted. Angle of the tilt could be between

18 to 36 Degree.

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 Figure 3: Mount Installation

3.3.3.3 INSTALL THE SOLAR PANEL

Next step is to fix the solar panels with the mounting structure. This is done by tightening

nuts and bolts. Care is taken to secure the whole structure properly so that it is sturdy and

lasts long.

Figure 4: installation

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3.3.3.4 DO ELECTRICAL WIRING

Universal Connectors like MC4 are used during wiring because these connectors can be

connected with all type of solar panels. These panels can be electrically connected with

each other in following series:

i. Series Connection: In this case, the Positive (+) Wire is of one PV module is

connected to the Negative (–) Wire of another module. This type of wiring

increases the voltage match with the battery bank.

ii. Parallel Connection: In this case, Positive (+) to Positive (+) and Negative (–) to

Negative (–) connection is done. This type of wiring voltage of each panel

remains same.

Figure 5: panel connection

3.3.3.5 CONNECT THE SYSTEM TO SOLAR INVERTER

i. Install the inverter in a well-ventilated, shaded area, typically indoors.

ii. Connect the solar panels to the inverter using DC cables and fuses.

iii. Connect the inverter to the main electrical panel, ensuring proper grounding and

safety precautions.

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3.3.3.6 CONNECT SOLAR INVERTER AND SOLAR BATTERY

Next step is to connect the solar inverter and the solar battery. The positive terminal of

the battery is connected with the positive terminal of the inverter and negative to

negative. Battery is needed in off grid solar system to store electricity backup.

Figure 6: Inverter and Battery connection

3.3.3.7 CONNECT SOLAR INVERTER TO THE GRID

Next step is to connect the inverter to the grid. To make this connection, a normal plug is

used to connect to the main power switch board. An output wire is connected with

electric board that supplies electricity to the home.

Figure 7: Inverter Connection to Grid

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 3.3.3.8 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING

Now when all the electrical wiring and connections are done, it is time to start the

inverter switch ON the Main Switch of the Home. Most solar inverters will have

digital display to show you stats regarding generation and usage of solar unit.

Precautions:
i. Test the system by checking voltage, current, and overall performance.

ii. Verify that the system is generating electricity and delivering it to the grid or

batteries as intended.

iii. Perform necessary adjustments and troubleshooting if any issues arise.

3.4 SECURITY SYSTEM INSTALLATION(CCTV)

I learnt how to installs advanced security camera systems in Dvs Reliable Energy. This

work involves strategic placement of cameras, wiring, and configuring surveillance

software. Dvs Reliable Energy ensures that the security systems are integrated

seamlessly, allowing clients to monitor their properties in real-time and access recordings

remotely.

3.4.1 CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION (CCTV)

CCTV stands for Closed-Circuit Television. It is a system used for surveillance and

security, in which video is transmitted in a loop through a closed network. The video is

recorded onto VHS tapes, DVDs or digital storage, allowing for the monitoring of a

specific area without broadcasting to the public. CCTV is commonly used in homes,

stores, workplaces, and public spaces for the purpose of deterrence, evidence gathering,

or crime prevention. The full meaning of CCTV is to provide a safe and secure

environment by keeping a watchful eye through the use of video surveillance.

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3.4.2 CCTV DESIGN AND PLANNING

CCTV system design and planning are crucial steps in ensuring the effectiveness and

efficiency of a surveillance solution. Proper design and planning help optimize camera

placement, coverage areas, and overall security objectives. Here's a detailed breakdown

of CCTV system design and planning:

3.4.2.1 SITE ASSESSMENT

i. Conduct a thorough site survey to understand the layout, potential security threats,

and areas of interest.

ii. Identify critical points to monitor, such as entrances, exits, high-traffic areas, and

valuable assets.

iii. Consider lighting conditions, both natural and artificial, as well as potential

sources of glare or shadows that might affect camera visibility.

iv. Evaluate existing security infrastructure and identify integration possibilities.

3.4.2.2 CAMERA SELECTION AND PLACEMENT

i. Choose appropriate camera types based on the site's requirements, considering

factors like resolution, lens type, and special features (night vision, PTZ

capabilities).

ii. Determine the optimal mounting locations for each camera, ensuring unobstructed

views and comprehensive coverage.

iii. Adjust camera angles to minimize blind spots and maximize the field of view.

iv. Consider camera aesthetics, especially in public areas, to avoid drawing unwanted

attention or tampering attempts.

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3.4.2.3 BANDWITH, CONNECTIVITY AND STORAGE CALCULATION

i. Estimate the required network bandwidth for transmitting video data from

cameras to the recording system.

ii. Calculate storage needs based on factors such as camera resolution, frame rate,

compression settings, and retention period.

iii. Choose appropriate video compression methods (H.264, H.265) to balance video

quality and storage efficiency.

iv. Decide between IP (Internet Protocol) and analog cameras, considering the

scalability, flexibility, and budget constraints.

v. Plan the network infrastructure, including switches, routers, and cabling (Cat5e,

Cat6) for IP camera installations.

3.4.2.3 LIGHTING AND ENVIROMENTAL CONSIDERATION

i. Address challenges posed by varying lighting conditions, including low-light

environments or areas with excessive glare.

ii. Choose cameras equipped with IR (Infrared) or low-light sensitivity features for

nighttime surveillance.

iii. Consider weatherproof and vandal-resistant cameras for outdoor installations to

withstand harsh environmental conditions.

3.4.2.4 BUDGET AND COST ESTIMATION

i. Develop a detailed budget that includes costs for cameras, recording equipment,

cabling, installation labor, and additional accessories.

ii. Account for future maintenance and upgrade costs in the budget planning phase.

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 3.4.2.5 DOCUMENTATION AND SYSTEM DIAGRAM

i. Create detailed documentation, including camera locations, IP addresses, login

credentials, and network configurations.

ii. Provide comprehensive training to system administrators and end-users, educating

them on system operation, accessing footage, and basic troubleshooting.

3.4.3 CCTV INSTALLATION STEP

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3.4.3.1 CCTV INSTALLATION DIAGRAM

Figure 8: CCTV installation Diagram

3.4.3.2 CAMERA CONNECTION

i. Analog Cameras: For analog cameras, coaxial cables are typically used for

transmitting video signals. Connect the coaxial cable from each camera to the

corresponding BNC connector on the DVR or monitor using BNC connectors.

Figure 9: Analog camera

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 ii. IP Cameras: IP cameras use network cables (such as Cat5e or Cat6) for both

power and data transmission. Connect the network cable from each camera to an

available port on a network switch or directly to the NVR (if it has built-in PoE,

Power over Ethernet, ports).

Figure 10: IP Camera

3.4.3.3 POWER CONNECTION

i. Analog Cameras: Analog cameras usually require separate power connections.

Connect the power adapter or power supply to each camera, ensuring the correct

voltage and polarity. Plug the power adapter into a power outlet.

Figure 11: power adapter

ii. IP Cameras: If using Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology, the network cable

will carry both power and data to the IP cameras. Ensure that the network switch

or NVR has PoE ports to power the cameras. If not, use separate power injectors

33
 or PoE switches to provide power to the cameras.

Figure 12: power and network cable

3.4.3.4 DVR/NVR CONNECTIONS

i. Connect the analog or IP camera cables to the appropriate BNC or network ports

on the DVR or NVR. Ensure proper cable management and secure connections.

ii. Plug in the power adapter of the DVR or NVR into a power outlet.

Figure 13: DVR/NVR

3.4.3.5 MONITOR CONNECTION

i. Connect the video output of the DVR or NVR to a monitor or display device

using VGA, HDMI, or other compatible cables.

34
 ii. Plug in the power adapter of the monitor or display device into a power outlet.

Figure 14

Figure 15:DVR connection to the monitor

3.4.3.6 NETWORK CONNECTION (IF APPLICABLE)

i. If you want to access the CCTV system remotely or connect IP cameras to a

network, connect the network port of the DVR or NVR to a network switch or

router using an Ethernet cable.

ii. Configure the network settings on the DVR or NVR, such as IP addresses and

port forwarding settings, if necessary, for remote access.

35
 Figure 16: connection of cctv for remote viewing

3.4.3.7 ADDITIONAL CONNECTION

Depending on the specific requirements, there might be other connections needed. For

example, audio input/output connections for audio recording or speaker systems, alarm

and sensor connections, or PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) control connections.

3.4.4 TESTING AND COMMISSIONING OF CCTV

3.4.4.1 VISUAL INSPECTION

i. Perform a visual inspection of each camera to check if they are installed properly

and securely.

ii. Ensure that the cameras are positioned correctly to cover the desired areas.

3.4.4.2 POWER CONNECTION

i. Verify that all cameras, as well as the recording device (DVR/NVR), are properly

connected to a power source.

ii. Check if the cameras and recording device are receiving power and turned on.

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3.4.4.3 VIDEO FEED VERIFICATION

i. Monitor the video feed from each camera on the recording device or a connected

monitor.

ii. Confirm if the cameras are capturing clear and reliable video footage.

iii. Adjust camera angles, focus, or zoom if necessary.

3.4.4.4 REMOTE VIEWING (IF APPLICABLE)

i. If remote viewing is desired, test the system's remote access capabilities.

ii. Configure the necessary network settings and port forwarding to enable remote

viewing.

iii. Use a mobile device or computer to access the CCTV system remotely and verify

if the video feed is accessible.

3.4.4.5 USER TRAINING

i. Provide basic training to users on how to operate the CCTV system.

ii. Show them how to access the live video feed, playback recorded footage, and

perform any other required functions.

iii. Answer any questions they may have and ensure they are comfortable using the

system.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
EQUIPMENT USED AND FUNCTIONS

4.1 GENERAL TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

When it comes to solar, CCTV, and house wiring installation, several tools and

equipment are commonly used. Here are some examples along with accompanying

images:

i. Screwdrivers: Screwdrivers are essential for tightening screws and connecting

electrical components. They come in various sizes and types, including flathead

and Phillips-head screwdrivers.

38
 Figure 17: Screw Driver

ii. Wire Strippers: Wire strippers are used to remove the insulation from electrical

wires. They have different-sized notches or holes to accommodate various wire

gauges.

Figure 18: Wire Stripper

iii. Pliers: Pliers come in different types, such as needle-nose pliers and lineman's

pliers. They are used for gripping, bending, and cutting wires and other materials.

Figure 19: Plier

iv. Wire Cutters: Wire cutters, also known as diagonal cutters or side cutters, are

used to cut electrical wires cleanly and accurately.

39
 Figure 20: Wire Cutter

v. Crimping Tools: Crimping tools are used to create secure and reliable electrical

connections by crimping connectors onto the ends of wires.

Figure 21: Crimping Tools

vi. Voltage Tester: A voltage tester is used to check the presence of voltage in

electrical circuits. It ensures that circuits are de-energized before working on

them.

Figure 22: Digital multimeter

vii. Drill: A drill is useful for creating holes in walls, ceilings, or other surfaces to

accommodate wiring, mounting brackets, or fixtures.

40
 Figure 23: Drill

viii. Fish Tape: A fish tape, or wire pulling tool, is used to guide electrical

wires through narrow spaces, such as conduit or walls.

Figure 24: Fish Tape

ix. Ladder: A sturdy ladder is necessary for reaching heights during installation,

maintenance, or troubleshooting.

Figure 25: Ladder

x. Toolbox: A well-organized toolbox is essential for keeping all the necessary tools

and equipment readily accessible.

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 Figure 26: Toolbox

4.2 SOLAR INSTALLATION

4.2.1 TYPES OF SOLAR PANEL

i. Monocrystalline Panels: Made from a single crystal structure, these panels offer

high efficiency and a sleek black appearance.

Figure 27: Monocrystalline panels

ii. Polycrystalline Panels: Created from multiple crystal structures, these panels are

slightly less efficient but more affordable.

Figure 28: Polycrystalline solar panel

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 iii. Thin-Film Panels: Thin and lightweight panels made by depositing thin layers of

semiconductor materials on a substrate.

Figure 29: Thin-Film Panels

4.2.2 OTHER COMPONENT INVOLVE

i. Inverter: Converts DC (Direct Current) generated by solar panels into AC

(Alternating Current) used in households and businesses.

Figure 30: Luminous inverter system

ii. Mounting Structure: Provides support and holds solar panels in place, ensuring

they are angled correctly for maximum sunlight exposure.

43
 Figure 31: Mounting structures

iii. Racking and Mounting Hardware: Secures the mounting structure to the roof

or the ground.

Figure 32: Racking and Mounting Hardware

iv. Wiring and Connectors: Transmit electricity from the solar panels to the

inverter and then to the electrical grid or batteries.

Figure 33: Wiring and Connectors

v. Battery (for Off-Grid Systems): Stores excess energy generated during the day

for use during nighttime or cloudy days. There are mainly three types of batteries

which are; the dry cell, tubular and the lithium batt

44
 Figure 34: Battery

vi. Charge Controller (for Off-Grid Systems): Regulates the power flowing to the

battery and prevents overcharging.

Figure 35: Charge Controller

4.3 CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION

4.3.1 TYPES OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION

i. Internal and External Dome Camera: The dome camera is one most commonly

used for indoor and outdoor security and surveillance. The shape of the camera

makes it difficult for onlookers to tell which way the camera is facing, which is a

strong piece of design, deterring criminals by creating an air of uncertainty.

45
 Figure 36: Dome Camera

ii. Bullet Camera: Bullet cameras are long and cylindrical in shape and are ideal for

outdoor use. Their strengths lie specifically in applications which require long

distance viewing. Installed within protective casings, the cameras are shielded

against dust, dirt and other natural elements. The cameras can easily be mounted

with a mounting bracket, and come fitted with either fixed or varifocal lenses

depending on the requirements of its intended application.

Figure 37: Bullet Camera

iii. Day/Night Camera: Capable of operating in both normal and poorly lit

environments, these cameras benefit from not requiring inbuilt infrared

illuminators as they can capture clear video images in the dark thanks to their

extra sensitive imaging chips. For this reason, these cameras are ideal for outdoor

surveillance applications in which IR cameras are unable to function optimally.

46
 Figure 38: Day/Night Camera

iv. ETC.

4.3.2 OTHER COMPONENT INVOLVED IN CCTV INSTALLATION

In a CCTV installation, the following are the basic components needed:

i. Digital Video Recorder (DVR) or Network Video Recorder (NVR): The DVR

or NVR is used to record and store the video footage captured by the CCTV

cameras. DVRs are typically used for analog cameras, while NVRs are used for

IP (internet protocol) cameras.

Figure 39: DVR

ii. Cables and Connectors: CCTV installations require cables to connect the

cameras with the recording device. Coaxial cables (RG59 or RG6) are commonly

used for analog cameras, while network cables (Cat5e or Cat6) are used for IP

47
 cameras. Connectors, such as BNC connectors for coaxial cables or RJ45

connectors for network cables, are used for proper connections.

Figure 40: Cables

iii. Power Supply: CCTV cameras require power to operate. Depending on the

system, power can be provided through individual power adapters for each

camera or by using a centralized power supply that distributes power to multiple

cameras.

Figure 41: Power Supply

iv. Monitor: A monitor is used to view the live video feed from the CCTV cameras

or to review recorded footage. It can be a dedicated monitor or a computer

monitor connected to the DVR or NVR.

48
 Figure 42: Monitor

v. Storage: To store the recorded video footage, a CCTV system needs storage

devices. This can include internal hard drives in the DVR or NVR, external hard

drives, or network-attached storage devices.

Figure 43: hard disk storage

vi. Network Equipment (for IP cameras): If you are using IP cameras, you will

need network equipment such as switches, routers, and Ethernet cables to connect

the cameras to the network infrastructure.

Figure 44: Networking Equipment

vii. Mounting Hardware: To install the CCTV cameras, you may need mounting

49
 hardware such as brackets, poles, or housings. The specific type of hardware

required will depend on the camera model and the installation location.

Figure 45: Mounting Hardware

viii. Peripheral Devices (optional): Depending on the specific requirements,

additional peripheral devices may be needed, such as pan-tilt units for PTZ

cameras, infrared illuminators for low-light environments, or video analytics

software for advanced functionality.

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The whole experience gained during the attachment at Dvs Reliable Energy was

very enlightening. The practical skills I was exposed to and the opportunity to relate

with typical situations relating to the Power industry. These

experiences have successfully broadened my understanding and interest in Electrical

and Electronics Engineering as a profession especially in the field of

Power engineering.

50
 The training was worthwhile, has it accorded me the privilege of gaining insight into

job preparation as well as what it meant to carry out proper inspection which in a

way prepares undergraduates for the outside world after school.

The program gave me the privilege to relate with senior professionals and other

students from different institutions and this experience made me appreciate the

nature, benefits, and intricacies of my chosen field of study both in the classroom

and in the society at large while also gives me the opportunity to put into practice the

theoretical knowledge acquired throughout my stay in school. The program has

given me the rare privilege of gaining practical knowledge and widened my

knowledge about the application of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in the

world.

5.2 PROBLEM FACED DURING THE SIWES PROGRAM

i. Limited orientation before starting the program

ii. Transportation

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

Below are my suggestions and recommendations for future improvement of the scheme;

i. Organizing workshops, seminars and symposium for students in various faculties in other

to keep the student abreast of new technologies and innovations.

ii. Posting of students for SIWES should be done by the scheme to ensure conformity with

course of study.

iii. A mass enlightenment campaign should be carried out, to enable industries and

establishments know the importance of SIWES to the future of the student and the society

at large.

51
iv. The scheme should also try to enforce the act guiding the establishment of the scheme, to

serve as deterrent to those establishments who reject student for IT.

v. During the routine update of the school curriculum industries should be involved so as to

ensure that the new proposed curriculum covers contemporarily what is required in the

industry.

REFERENCES

i. Asikadi, E. (2003). Restructuring SIWES to meet the National Development Plan in

Educational System.National conference of National Association for Research

Development Asaba; 2003 pp 1 and 2.

ii. Computer Hope (2020) Crimping tool [Online]. Available at:

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/crimp.htm

iii. SG-CCTV.com[online. Available at:

https://www.sg-cctv.com/articles

iv. A 2021 technical report on SIWES by ABDULRAHMAN OLAREWAJU {intern at

52
 DVS RELIABLE ENERGY}

v. A 2020 technical report on SIWES by TAIWO ABDULAZEEZ {intern at DVS

RELIABLE ENERGY}

53