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ANDROMEDA COMPUTER AND SOFTWARE
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C++ Worksheet: Functions, Arrays, and Structures
Part 1: Functions
1. Problem: Calculating the Area of a Rectangle
o Task: Write a function calculateArea that takes the length and
width of a rectangle as parameters and returns the area.
o Hint: Area of a rectangle = length × width.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double calculateArea(double length, double width) {
return length * width;
}
int main() {
double length = 5.0;
double width = 3.0;
cout << "Area of the rectangle: " << calculateArea(length, width) <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
o For a rectangle with a length of 5.0 and width of 3.0, the
area is 15.0.
2. Problem: Convert Temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit
o Task: Write a function celsiusToFahrenheit that converts a
temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
o Hint: F=9/5×C+32
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double celsiusToFahrenheit(double celsius) {
return (celsius * 9.0/5.0) + 32;
}
int main() {
double celsius = 25.0;
cout << "Temperature in Fahrenheit: " << celsiusToFahrenheit(celsius)
<< endl;
return 0;
}
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Output:
o 25.0°C is equal to 77.0°F.
3. Problem: Calculate the Simple Interest
Task: Write a function calculateInterest that takes the principal amount, rate of
interest, and time (in years) as parameters and returns the simple interest.
Hint: Simple Interest = Principal×Rate×Time
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double calculateInterest(double principal, double rate, int time) {
return (principal * rate * time) / 100;
}
int main() {
double principal = 10000.0;
double rate = 5.0;
int time = 2;
cout << "Simple Interest: " << calculateInterest(principal, rate, time) <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
For a principal of 10000.0, a rate of 5.0%, and a time of 2 years, the simple interest is
1000.0.
4. Problem: Calculate the Total Bill with Discount
Task: Write a function calculateBill that takes the original price and discount
percentage as parameters and returns the final price after discount.
Hint: Final Price =Original Price−(Original Price×Discount Percentage)/100
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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double calculateBill(double price, double discount) {
return price - (price * discount / 100);
}
int main() {
double price = 250.0;
double discount = 10.0;
cout << "Final Price after discount: " << calculateBill(price, discount) <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
For an original price of 250.0 and a discount of 10%, the final price is 225.0.
Part 2: Arrays
1. Problem: Calculate the Average of 5 Grades
o Task: Write a program that stores 5 grades in an array and
calculates the average.
o Hint: Sum all elements and divide by the number of elements.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double grades[5] = {85.5, 90.0, 78.5, 88.0, 92.0};
double sum = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
sum += grades[i];
}
double average = sum / 5;
cout << "Average grade: " << average << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
o The average grade is 86.8.
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2. Problem: Finding the Maximum Value in an Array
o Task: Write a program that finds the maximum value in an
array of 7 integers.
o Hint: Traverse the array and compare each element to find the
maximum.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[7] = {4, 7, 1, 8, 5, 9, 3};
int max = numbers[0];
for(int i = 1; i < 7; i++) {
if(numbers[i] > max) {
max = numbers[i];
}
}
cout << "Maximum value: " << max << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
o The maximum value in the array is 9.
3. Problem: Storing and Displaying the Prices of 5 Items
Task: Write a program that stores the prices of 5 items in an array and displays each price
along with the total sum.
Hint: Use a loop to display each item price and calculate the total sum.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
double prices[5] = {19.99, 29.99, 15.99, 9.99, 49.99};
double total = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
cout << "Price of item " << i+1 << ": $" << prices[i] << endl;
total += prices[i];
}
cout << "Total Price: $" << total << endl;
return 0;
}
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Output:
Price of item 1: $19.99
Price of item 2: $29.99
Price of item 3: $15.99
Price of item 4: $9.99
Price of item 5: $49.99
Total Price: $125.95
4. Problem: Count the Number of Even Numbers in an Array
Task: Write a program that counts how many even numbers are in an array of 6 integers.
Hint: Use the modulus operator % to check if a number is even.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int numbers[6] = {4, 7, 10, 3, 8, 5};
int evenCount = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
if(numbers[i] % 2 == 0) {
evenCount++;
}
}
cout << "Number of even numbers: " << evenCount << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
The number of even numbers in the array is 3.
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Part 3: Structures
1. Problem: Storing and Displaying Student Information
o Task: Define a structure Student with name, age, and grade.
Create an instance and display the information.
o Hint: Use the struct keyword to define a structure.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Student {
string name;
int age;
double grade;
};
int main() {
Student student1;
student1.name = "Abebe kebede";
student1.age = 16;
student1.grade = 88.5;
cout << "Student Name: " << student1.name << endl;
cout << "Age: " << student1.age << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << student1.grade << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
o Student Name: Abebe kebede
o Age: 16
o Grade: 88.5
2. Problem: Storing and Displaying Information of 3 Books
o Task: Define a structure Book with title, author, and price.
Create an array of 3 books and display the information.
o Hint: Use an array of structures.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Book {
string title;
string author;
double price;
};
int main() {
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Book books[3];
books[0] = {"The Great Gatsby", "F. Scott Fitzgerald", 10.99};
books[1] = {"1984", "George Orwell", 8.99};
books[2] = {"To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", 12.99};
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << "Book " << i+1 << " Title: " << books[i].title << endl;
cout << "Author: " << books[i].author << endl;
cout << "Price: $" << books[i].price << endl;
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
o Book 1 Title: The Great Gatsby, Author: F. Scott Fitzgerald,
Price: $10.99
o Book 2 Title: 1984, Author: George Orwell, Price: $8.99
o Book 3 Title: To Kill a Mockingbird, Author: Harper Lee,
Price: $12.99
3. Problem: Storing and Displaying Car Information
Task: Define a structure Car with make, model, and year. Create an instance of Car for a
car owned by 'Abebe' and display the information.
Hint: Use the struct keyword to define a structure.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Car {
string make;
string model;
int year;
};
int main() {
Car abebesCar;
abebesCar.make = "Toyota";
abebesCar.model = "Corolla";
abebesCar.year = 2018;
cout << "Car Make: " << abebesCar.make << endl;
cout << "Car Model: " << abebesCar.model << endl;
cout << "Year: " << abebesCar.year << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
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Car Make: Toyota
Car Model: Corolla
Year: 2018
4. Problem: Storing and Displaying Employee Details
Task: Define a structure Employee with name, id, and salary. Create an instance of
Employee for 'Alemu' and display the information.
Hint: Use the struct keyword to define a structure.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Employee {
string name;
int id;
double salary;
};
int main() {
Employee alemu;
alemu.name = "Alemu";
alemu.id = 101;
alemu.salary = 2500.50;
cout << "Employee Name: " << alemu.name << endl;
cout << "ID: " << alemu.id << endl;
cout << "Salary: $" << alemu.salary << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Employee Name: Alemu
ID: 101
Salary: $2500.50
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Part 4: Combined Topics
1. Problem: Store and Calculate Average Temperature of a Week
o Task: Define a structure Day with a dayName and temperature.
Create an array of 7 Day structures, one for each day of the
week, and write a function to calculate the average
temperature of the week.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Day {
string dayName;
double temperature;
};
double calculateAverageTemperature(Day week[], int size) {
double sum = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sum += week[i].temperature;
}
return sum / size;
}
int main() {
Day week[7] = {
{"Monday", 22.5},
{"Tuesday", 24.0},
{"Wednesday", 23.0},
{"Thursday", 25.0},
{"Friday", 21.5},
{"Saturday", 26.0},
{"Sunday", 24.5}
};
double average = calculateAverageTemperature(week, 7);
cout << "Average temperature of the week: " << average << "°C" <<
endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
o The average temperature of the week is 23.64°C.
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2. Problem: Track and Display Students’ Grades
o Task: Define a structure Student with name, age, and an array
of 3 grades. Create an array of 2 students, calculate the
average grade for each student using a function, and display
the results.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Student {
string name;
int age;
double grades[3];
};
double calculateAverageGrade(double grades[], int size) {
double sum = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
sum += grades[i];
}
return sum / size;
}
int main() {
Student students[2] = {
{"Abebe", 17, {85.0, 90.0, 88.0}},
{"Kebede", 16, {78.0, 82.0, 80.0}}
};
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
double average = calculateAverageGrade(students[i].grades, 3);
cout << "Student: " << students[i].name << endl;
cout << "Average Grade: " << average << endl;
cout << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
o Student: Abebe, Average Grade: 87.67
o Student: Kebede, Average Grade: 80.0
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3. Problem: Track Inventory for a Bookstore
o Task: Define a structure Book with title, author, price, and
quantity. Create an array of 3 books in a bookstore and write
a function to calculate the total value of the inventory.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct Book {
string title;
string author;
double price;
int quantity;
};
double calculateInventoryValue(Book books[], int size) {
double totalValue = 0.0;
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
totalValue += books[i].price * books[i].quantity;
}
return totalValue;
}
int main() {
Book bookstore[3] = {
{"The Alchemist", "Paulo Coelho", 15.99, 5},
{"1984", "George Orwell", 9.99, 8},
{"To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", 12.99, 3}
};
double totalValue = calculateInventoryValue(bookstore, 3);
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
cout << "Book: " << bookstore[i].title << endl;
cout << "Author: " << bookstore[i].author << endl;
cout << "Price: $" << bookstore[i].price << endl;
cout << "Quantity: " << bookstore[i].quantity << endl;
cout << endl;
}
cout << "Total Inventory Value: $" << totalValue << endl;
return 0;
}
Output:
Book: The Alchemist, Author: Paulo Coelho, Price: $15.99,
Quantity: 5
Book: 1984, Author: George Orwell, Price: $9.99, Quantity: 8
Book: To Kill a Mockingbird, Author: Harper Lee, Price: $12.99,
Quantity: 3
Total Inventory Value: $209.78
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