CHAPTER-5

Data policies – privacy & Data visualization tools and Opportunities

1. DATA LAWS

Data laws" typically refer to a set of regulations and legal frameworks that govern the collection,
processing, storage, sharing, and protection of data, especially personal and sensitive data. These
laws are crucial in the digital age to ensure privacy, security, and ethical use of information.

Some key aspects of data laws include:

1. Privacy Protection: Ensuring that individuals' personal data is collected, used, and
stored with their consent and in compliance with privacy standards.
2. Data Security: Implementing measures to prevent unauthorized access, breaches, or loss
of data.
3. Data Ownership: Determining who owns the data and who has the right to control its
usage, including data produced by individuals or generated by devices and systems.
4. Data Minimization: The practice of only collecting and processing data that is necessary
for specific purposes.
5. Transparency: Requiring organizations to disclose how they collect, use, and share data,
often through privacy policies or user agreements.

Key Examples of Data Laws around the World:

1. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU):

o Enforces strict rules on the collection, processing, and storage of personal data
within the European Union and by organizations outside the EU that handle the
data of EU citizens.
o Provides individuals with rights to access, correct, and delete their personal data,
as well as to object to its processing.
2. California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) (USA):
o Grants California residents specific rights over their personal data, such as the
right to know what personal data is being collected, to delete their data, and to opt
out of its sale.
3. Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) (Singapore):
o Regulates the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data in Singapore,
emphasizing consent and accountability.
4. Data Protection Act 2018 (UK):
o Implements GDPR within the UK and establishes additional provisions on data
protection, particularly after Brexit.
5. Brazilian General Data Protection Law (LGPD) (Brazil):
o Provides rules for the processing of personal data, similar to GDPR, and is aimed
at protecting the rights of individuals in Brazil.
6. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (USA):
 o Regulates the handling of health-related data to ensure its privacy and security,
particularly in healthcare settings.

The evolution of data laws reflects the growing recognition of data as a critical asset and the
increasing importance of safeguarding privacy in the digital world.

2. DATA POLICIES IN INDIA

India has several data policies and regulations aimed at protecting personal data and ensuring its
safe usage. Some of the key policies and laws governing data protection in India include:

1. Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and

Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 (IT Rules)

 Under the Information Technology Act, 2000, the IT Rules were introduced to ensure
the protection of sensitive personal data or information (SPDI). These rules define what
constitutes sensitive data and set guidelines for businesses to follow in securing this data.
 Sensitive personal data includes information like passwords, financial information, health
data, biometric data, etc.
 Companies must have reasonable security practices, and they must seek consent from
individuals before collecting sensitive data.

2. Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (PDP Bill)

 The Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019, is a key piece of legislation proposed to
protect personal data of individuals and regulate the processing of such data in India.
 The bill seeks to establish a comprehensive legal framework for personal data protection,
including provisions for data processing, storage, and rights of individuals.
 It outlines provisions for the establishment of a Data Protection Authority (DPA) to
enforce compliance with the law.
 One of its significant aspects includes creating a framework for data localization,
meaning that certain categories of personal data must be stored and processed within
India.

3. Data Localization Requirements

 India has introduced or proposed certain data localization requirements for specific
sectors such as financial services and telecom. The aim is to ensure that sensitive data
stays within the country's jurisdiction and can be regulated more effectively.
 Under certain provisions, organizations are required to store and process sensitive data on
servers located in India to ensure better access for authorities and data protection.

4. Draft of the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022

  The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 is a more recent draft that builds upon
the 2019 PDP Bill, addressing concerns raised in earlier versions.
 It focuses on protecting digital personal data and gives individuals more control over how
their data is used, including rights to access, correction, and erasure of personal data.
 The bill introduces the concept of data fiduciaries, organizations that handle personal
data, and assigns them obligations for processing data responsibly.
 It also emphasizes transparency and accountability in how organizations manage personal
data.

5. Cybersecurity and Data Protection Initiatives

 National Cyber Security Policy, 2013: This policy outlines strategies for securing
critical information infrastructure and protecting data from cyber threats.
 Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In): CERT-In is a government
body that plays a key role in responding to cyber incidents and developing standards and
guidelines for data protection and security.

6. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Guidelines

 TRAI issues guidelines related to data privacy and security for telecommunications
providers and ensures that consumers' personal information is protected.
 Telecom companies are also required to implement security audits and follow practices
for data storage and transfer.

7. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Guidelines on Data Security

 RBI has introduced guidelines specifically for the financial sector to ensure data
protection, including the safe handling of customers' personal and financial information.
 Financial institutions must comply with specific security standards, encryption policies,
and data retention protocols.

Key Features of India's Data Protection Landscape:

 Consent and Data Rights: Individuals must provide consent for the collection and
processing of their personal data. They have rights to access, correction, and erasure of
data.
 Cross-Border Data Transfers: The regulations may impose restrictions on transferring
personal data outside of India, ensuring that data remains within national jurisdiction.
 Penalties and Enforcement: Non-compliance with the data protection laws can lead to
fines, penalties, and reputational damage for organizations.

3. DATA POLICIES IN ASIA

Data policies in Asia vary significantly across countries, reflecting differing legal, cultural, and
economic contexts. However, there are common trends and emerging frameworks as countries in
the region recognize the importance of data protection, privacy, and digital governance. Below
are some key data policy themes and approaches in various Asian countries:

1. China

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Cybersecurity Law (2017): One of the first comprehensive cybersecurity laws, it
includes provisions on data localization, data protection, and government access
to data.
o Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) (2021): A major privacy law that
outlines rules on the collection, storage, and sharing of personal data. It introduces
concepts similar to the European GDPR, such as data subject rights, cross-border
data transfers, and penalties for violations.
o Data Security Law (2021): Focuses on national security aspects of data
management, emphasizing the need for securing important data related to the
country's economy and political stability.
 Key Focus: Data sovereignty, cybersecurity, and control over the digital economy.

2. India

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and
Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules (2011): A framework for
protecting sensitive personal data, though it has been criticized for being less
robust than other global standards.
o Personal Data Protection Bill (PDPB): India's comprehensive data protection
law, modeled somewhat after the EU’s GDPR, is still under discussion in the
legislature. It seeks to provide clear guidelines on data protection, privacy, cross-
border data flow, and penalties for breaches.
 Key Focus: Privacy, data localization, and empowering individuals with rights over their
personal data.

3. Japan

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Act on the Protection of Personal Information (APPI): Japan’s primary data
protection law, which was amended in 2020 to strengthen provisions on cross-
border data transfers and increase penalties for violations.
o Data Protection Framework: Japan is also a participant in the APEC Cross-
Border Privacy Rules (CBPR), aiming for a harmonized approach to data
protection across the Asia-Pacific region.
 Key Focus: Individual privacy, global data flow, and compliance with international
frameworks.

4. South Korea
  Key Laws and Regulations:
o Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA): One of the strictest data
protection laws in Asia, providing strong protection of personal data, consent
requirements, and rights for individuals.
o Telecommunications Business Act: This law requires telecom companies to
secure user data and inform consumers about data breaches.
 Key Focus: Strong privacy protections and robust enforcement of data protection laws.

5. Singapore

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA): This law governs the collection, use, and
disclosure of personal data in Singapore. It has been lauded for its clarity and
balance between privacy and business needs.
o Data Protection Trust Mark (DPTM): A certification scheme for businesses to
demonstrate their commitment to data protection.
 Key Focus: Business innovation, data protection compliance, and fostering trust in the
digital economy.

6. Malaysia

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA): The PDPA regulates the processing of
personal data in commercial transactions and provides individuals with rights over
their personal information.
 Key Focus: Balancing privacy rights with the needs of business, especially in sectors
such as banking and telecommunications.

7. Indonesia

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Personal Data Protection Law (2022): Indonesia enacted this law to regulate the
collection, use, and protection of personal data. The law seeks to balance privacy
with the need for digital transformation and e-commerce growth.
 Key Focus: Personal data protection, especially in the context of the fast-growing digital
economy.

8. Thailand

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA): Similar to the GDPR, this law regulates
the collection and processing of personal data. It was fully enforced in 2022,
aiming to enhance privacy protection and data security.
 Key Focus: Strengthening data protection practices for businesses and increasing
individual privacy rights.
9. Vietnam

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Law on Cybersecurity (2018): Imposes data localization requirements and
requires foreign companies to store data within the country if they provide
services to Vietnamese citizens.
 Key Focus: National security, data localization, and control over digital services.

10. Philippines

 Key Laws and Regulations:

o Data Privacy Act (2012): This law created the National Privacy Commission and
sets out the rules for the collection, processing, and storage of personal data,
aligning closely with international standards like the GDPR.
 Key Focus: Personal privacy and compliance with international data protection norms.

Regional Trends

 Data Localization: Several Asian countries are emphasizing data localization, where
data of citizens must be stored within national borders, often due to concerns over
national security, economic sovereignty, or consumer protection. This has been a
significant feature in laws in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
 Cross-Border Data Flows: Countries like Japan, Singapore, and South Korea have
policies that allow for cross-border data transfers, often under conditions of mutual
adequacy or compliance with international standards (e.g., GDPR). This enables
businesses to operate across borders without excessive restrictions.
 Emerging Frameworks: The APEC Cross-Border Privacy Rules (CBPR) system and
the ASEAN Framework on Personal Data Protection are examples of efforts to
harmonize data protection rules and promote interoperability among countries in the
region, especially for trade and digital economy purposes.
 Enforcement and Compliance: Enforcement of data protection laws varies greatly.
Countries like South Korea and Singapore have strong enforcement frameworks, while
others have only recently begun implementing or enhancing their data protection
measures.
 Information technology (IT) laws

Information technology (IT) laws refer to a set of legal rules and regulations governing the use,
protection, and management of technology, data, and electronic systems. These laws are
designed to address issues such as privacy, cybersecurity, intellectual property, digital
transactions, and online communication. Some key areas of IT law include:

1. Privacy and Data Protection Laws:

o These laws govern the collection, storage, processing, and sharing of personal
data.
o Examples: General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the European Union,
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in California, USA.
2. Cybersecurity Laws:
o These laws focus on protecting computer systems and networks from
cyberattacks, breaches, and unauthorized access.
o Examples: Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) in the United States,
Cybersecurity Act of 2015.
3. Intellectual Property Laws:
o Protects digital content, software, patents, and inventions related to information
technology.
o Examples: Copyright, Patent, and Trademark laws, as well as Digital Millennium
Copyright Act (DMCA) in the U.S.
4. Electronic Transactions and E-Commerce Laws:
o These laws govern online contracts, digital signatures, and e-commerce
transactions.
o Example: Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce (ESIGN) Act
in the U.S.
5. Online Defamation and Content Regulation:
o Laws addressing online harassment, slander, or libel and regulating content on the
internet.
o Examples: Communications Decency Act (CDA) Section 230 (U.S.) protects
platforms from liability for user-generated content.
6. Intellectual Property and Software Licensing:
o These laws govern the licensing of software and digital content and prevent
software piracy.
o Example: End User License Agreements (EULAs) and open-source software
licenses.
7. Internet Governance:
o Laws that govern the use of domain names, online platforms, and international
agreements regarding internet access and regulations.
o Example: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) and
its regulations.
8. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Technology Laws:
 o Emerging areas of law that govern the ethical use and regulation of AI, machine
learning, and automation.
o Example: Regulations on autonomous vehicles, AI in healthcare, and data ethics.

IT laws are continually evolving as technology advances, with governments and organizations
adapting to new challenges, such as the rise of cybercrime, data breaches, and the ethical use of
emerging technologies like AI and blockchain.

The information technology laws related to business intelligence (BI) tools such as Microsoft Power BI,
Tableau, Qlik Sense, Looker, Klipfolio, Zoho Analytics, and Domo are mainly centered around areas like
data privacy, data protection, intellectual property, and software licensing. These laws apply to how
these tools handle, store, and process data, as well as the intellectual property rights surrounding the
software. Let’s break down some of the key legal considerations that may apply to these BI tools:

1. Data Privacy and Protection Laws

 GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation): If your business operates in the

European Union or processes the personal data of EU citizens, GDPR compliance is
critical. Power BI must be used in a way that ensures personal data is stored, processed,
and shared according to GDPR principles, including the rights of individuals to access,
correct, and delete their data.
 CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act): For businesses in California or those
handling data from California residents, CCPA mandates certain rights and obligations
regarding data privacy. Power BI users may need to implement specific data handling
procedures to comply with CCPA.
 Other Local Data Protection Laws: Other countries have their own regulations (e.g.,
PIPEDA in Canada, LGPD in Brazil) which require businesses to handle personal data in
specific ways. Power BI must align with these regulations based on where your
organization operates.

2. Security and Compliance

 Data Encryption: Power BI has built-in features for data encryption at rest and in transit,
but organizations must ensure their overall IT infrastructure (e.g., network, servers, etc.)
is compliant with security standards such as ISO/IEC 27001 or SOC 2 to protect sensitive
business and customer data.
 Access Control and Authentication: Microsoft recommends implementing role-based
access controls (RBAC) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) to secure access to Power
BI reports and dashboards. It is important to ensure compliance with internal security
policies, as well as any legal requirements related to data access control.

3. Intellectual Property (IP) and Licensing

 Power BI is a product of Microsoft, and its usage is subject to licensing agreements.

Organizations must comply with Microsoft's licensing terms, which dictate the number of
users, types of licenses (Pro, Premium), and features available under each license.
  Ensure that any custom-built reports, dashboards, or content created using Power BI
doesn’t infringe upon third-party intellectual property, including proprietary data or
visualizations.

4. Audit and Monitoring Requirements

 Audit Logs: In some industries, organizations may be required to maintain an audit trail
of data access and modifications. Power BI offers auditing features that allow
administrators to monitor and log user activity within the platform.
 Regulatory Reporting: Depending on the sector (e.g., finance, healthcare), regulatory
bodies might require certain reports to be generated or retained in Power BI. Ensure your
reports comply with any mandatory reporting standards.

5. Data Sovereignty

 Location of Data Storage: Power BI data may be stored in Microsoft’s global data
centers. For businesses operating in specific jurisdictions, it may be important to ensure
that data is stored within compliant regions due to laws regarding data sovereignty.
 Power BI offers the ability to select the region where data is stored, and you need to
ensure that the selected region meets your legal requirements.

6. Industry-Specific Compliance

 Financial Sector: Regulatory frameworks like MiFID II or FINRA may require specific
handling of data, including reporting and transparency. Power BI’s usage in such sectors
needs to ensure full compliance with these standards.
 Healthcare: For organizations in healthcare, compliance with laws like HIPAA (Health
Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) in the U.S. might dictate how health-
related data is handled and reported.

7. Data Retention and Disposal

 Some regulations may require you to retain data for specific periods and to properly
dispose of it when it is no longer needed. Power BI data storage practices need to align
with your organization's data retention policies to remain compliant with legal
requirements.

8. Third-Party Integrations and APIs

 Power BI integrates with various third-party systems and services. It's important to ensure
that the integration of these services does not violate any data privacy laws or breach
licensing terms, especially if sensitive or proprietary data is being shared between
systems.

9. Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery

  Power BI offers features that help ensure business continuity, but companies may need to
align these features with their own disaster recovery and business continuity plans to
ensure compliance with internal policies or regulations, especially if your organization
deals with mission-critical data.

JOB DESCRIPTION
A job description is a formal document that outlines the key responsibilities, qualifications,
skills, and expectations for a specific job position within an organization. It serves as a guide for
both employers and potential employees, providing clear information about what the role
involves and what is expected from the person hired.

A typical job description includes:

1. Job Title:

The official title of the position (e.g., Data Analyst, Software Developer, Marketing Manager).

2. Job Summary:

A brief overview of the role, including its purpose and how it fits within the organization. This
section provides a snapshot of what the job is about.

3. Key Responsibilities and Duties:

A detailed list of tasks and duties the employee will be responsible for. This can include day-to-
day activities, special projects, and long-term objectives related to the role.

4. Qualifications:

The skills, experience, and education needed to perform the job. This may include technical
skills, soft skills, certifications, or required years of experience.

5. Skills and Competencies:

A more detailed description of specific skills or expertise required for the position (e.g.,
proficiency in software tools like Power BI, communication skills, problem-solving ability).
6. Working Conditions:
Information about the work environment, hours, location (e.g., office-based, remote, hybrid), and
any other relevant factors.
7. Compensation and Benefits (Optional):
Salary range, bonuses, benefits (e.g., health insurance, paid time off), and other perks offered by
the employer.
8. Reporting Structure:
Information about who the employee will report to (e.g., Manager, Team Lead) and any teams or
departments they will collaborate with.

Job Title: Data Visualization Analyst

Job Overview: As a Data Visualization Analyst, you will be responsible for designing and
developing data-driven visualizations to help stakeholders understand key insights, trends, and
patterns. You'll work with large datasets to present findings in a clear and visually appealing
manner, utilizing various visualization tools and techniques. Your work will empower decision-
makers to make data-driven decisions with ease.

Key Responsibilities:

1. Data Analysis & Interpretation:

o Analyze large sets of structured and unstructured data to identify patterns, trends,
and insights.
o Interpret complex data to provide actionable insights that drive strategic
decisions.
o Work with cross-functional teams to understand data requirements and business
objectives.
2. Data Visualization Design:
o Create interactive and intuitive dashboards and reports using tools like Tableau,
Power BI, or D3.js.
o Design and build visualizations that represent complex data in a user-friendly
manner.
o Choose appropriate visualization methods (graphs, charts, heatmaps, etc.) based
on the audience and data types.
3. Collaboration with Stakeholders:
o Work closely with business leaders, analysts, and data scientists to understand the
context and requirements for data visualization.
o Communicate findings effectively to both technical and non-technical
stakeholders.
o Gather feedback from stakeholders and iterate on designs to improve the clarity
and utility of visualizations.
4. Data Management & Transformation:
o Work with large datasets and transform raw data into actionable insights using
ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes.
o Maintain and optimize data pipelines to ensure accuracy and efficiency in
visualizations.
o Ensure data integrity and cleanliness in the datasets used for visualizations.
5. Reporting and Storytelling:
o Create reports that effectively tell the story behind the data.
 o Present findings through visually engaging charts, graphs, and narratives to
highlight key insights.
o Ensure the visualizations align with business goals and metrics.

Skills & Qualifications:

 Technical Skills:
o Expertise in data visualization tools like Tableau, Power BI, or QlikView.
o Proficiency in SQL for data querying and manipulation.
o Strong knowledge of data analysis and reporting tools.
o Familiarity with programming languages like Python, R, or JavaScript (for
advanced custom visualizations).
o Experience with data wrangling and data cleaning.
 Soft Skills:
o Strong communication and presentation skills.
o Ability to work collaboratively in a team environment.
o Detail-oriented and highly organized.
o Problem-solving mindset with a passion for data storytelling.

Education & Experience:

 Bachelor’s degree in Data Science, Computer Science, Statistics, Mathematics, or a

related field.
 Proven experience in data visualization or a related role.
 Experience working with large datasets and various data visualization platforms.

A Research Data Visualization Analyst specializes in creating visual representations of

complex research data to help interpret and communicate insights effectively. Their role often
bridges the gap between raw data analysis and its understanding by non-technical audiences.
Here’s an outline of what this position typically involves:

Key Responsibilities:

1. Data Analysis:
o Analyze complex datasets from various research projects (e.g., scientific research,
market research, or academic studies).
o Identify patterns, trends, and key findings from raw data.
2. Data Visualization:
o Develop charts, graphs, dashboards, and infographics to represent data visually.
o Utilize tools like Tableau, Power BI, R (with ggplot), Python (with Matplotlib or
Seaborn), or other visualization tools to transform data into clear, accessible
formats.
3. Collaboration with Researchers:
o Work closely with researchers, scientists, or data scientists to understand the data
context and the key insights to be communicated.
 o Help research teams make sense of complex findings and turn them into
actionable insights.
4. Reporting and Presentations:
o Create reports and presentations that translate research data into actionable
business or scientific insights.
o Ensure visualizations are easy to understand, accurate, and convey the right
message to stakeholders.
5. Data Cleaning and Preprocessing:
o Clean and prepare data for visualization by handling missing data, outliers, and
inconsistencies.
o Use statistical techniques and algorithms to preprocess raw data before visualizing
it.
6. Storytelling with Data:
o Apply principles of data storytelling to ensure the data is presented in a
compelling, clear, and narrative-driven way.
o Focus on communicating the story the data is telling rather than just showing
numbers.

Skills and Tools:

 Tools: Proficiency in data visualization software (e.g., Tableau, Power BI), programming
languages (e.g., Python, R), and data manipulation tools (e.g., Excel, SQL).
 Design Principles: Understanding of color theory, layout, and design principles for
effective communication.
 Statistics and Data Analysis: Strong knowledge of statistical methods and techniques to
interpret data accurately.
 Communication: Ability to clearly explain technical concepts to non-technical
audiences.

Key Qualities:

 Attention to Detail: Precision is key when dealing with complex data and visualizing it
clearly.
 Creativity: Designing effective, intuitive visualizations often requires a creative
approach.
 Problem-Solving: Identifying the best ways to represent data for clarity and impact.

Industries that require this role:

 Healthcare and Life Sciences: Representing clinical trial data, research findings, or
healthcare trends.
 Market Research: Analyzing consumer data, market trends, and product feedback.
 Finance and Economics: Visualizing financial data, economic reports, and forecasts.
 Academia and Scientific Research: Presenting research findings in various scientific
fields.
 PRODUCT ANALYST

Data visualization is an important part of the product analyst's job because it helps convey
insights from the data in an easily understandable format. Typically, this involves turning raw
data into visual elements like graphs, charts, and dashboards to support decision-making.

Here are some key areas where visualization is often used by product analysts:

1. Sales & Revenue Trends:

o Line charts to show revenue growth over time.
o Bar charts to compare sales figures across different regions or product categories.
2. User Engagement:
o Heatmaps to visualize where users are clicking or spending the most time on a
website/app.
o Funnel charts to show user flow through a product or conversion rates at each
stage of the funnel.
3. Product Performance Metrics:
o Pie charts or bar graphs to show the distribution of product usage or feature
adoption.
o Dashboards with KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) like customer satisfaction,
churn rate, and product usage.
4. Customer Segmentation:
o Cluster maps or scatter plots to segment customers based on behavior,
demographics, or spending patterns.
5. A/B Testing:
o Box plots or histograms to compare the performance of different variants in an
A/B test.
o Statistical significance visualization using confidence intervals or p-values.

For tools, product analysts often use:

 Tableau: Excellent for creating interactive and real-time dashboards.

 Power BI: Good for integrating with Microsoft tools.
 Google Data Studio: Useful for free, real-time reporting.
 Looker: For creating more sophisticated data models and visualizations.
 Excel: A basic tool but still powerful for simple charts and analysis.

A Data Analytics and Visualization Engineer focus on transforming raw data into insights
through analysis and visual representation. This role combines skills in data science, engineering,
and design, using various tools to process, analyze, and visualize data to help organizations make
data-driven decisions.

Key responsibilities for this role typically include:

 1. Data Collection and Processing: Gathering, cleaning, and transforming raw data from
various sources (databases, APIs, spreadsheets, etc.) into a format that is useful for
analysis.
2. Data Analysis: Applying statistical or machine learning models to identify trends,
patterns, or anomalies within the data.
3. Visualization Design: Creating interactive and aesthetically appealing visualizations,
such as charts, dashboards, and graphs that communicate complex insights effectively to
non-technical stakeholders.
4. Tool and Platform Usage: Using tools like Python (Pandas, NumPy), SQL, Tableau,
Power BI, D3.js, or other business intelligence tools to work with data and create
visualizations.
5. Collaboration: Working with data scientists, analysts, and business stakeholders to
understand data requirements and deliver meaningful insights.

Key skills for this role include:

 Proficiency in data analysis languages (Python, R, SQL).

 Strong understanding of data visualization tools (Tableau, Power BI, D3.js).
 Knowledge of machine learning algorithms (for deeper analysis).
 Database management (SQL, NoSQL).
 Communication skills to explain technical findings to a non-technical audience.