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Spring Boot Lifecycle

The Spring Boot application request lifecycle involves several key stages including request initiation, security filter processing, and routing through the DispatcherServlet to the Controller and Service layers. Each layer performs specific functions such as authentication, business logic processing, and database interaction, ultimately returning a response to the client. Error handling mechanisms are also in place to manage exceptions throughout the lifecycle, ensuring robust application performance and scalability.

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30 views4 pages

Spring Boot Lifecycle

The Spring Boot application request lifecycle involves several key stages including request initiation, security filter processing, and routing through the DispatcherServlet to the Controller and Service layers. Each layer performs specific functions such as authentication, business logic processing, and database interaction, ultimately returning a response to the client. Error handling mechanisms are also in place to manage exceptions throughout the lifecycle, ensuring robust application performance and scalability.

Uploaded by

rim.ammar.2021
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Spring Boot Lifecycle

The lifecycle of a request in a Spring Boot application, as shown in the diagram, involves several
critical steps and components. Here is a detailed explanation of each stage in the lifecycle:

1. Request Initiation

 A client sends a request (HTTP or HTTPS) to the Spring Boot application.

 The request contains information such as the HTTP method (GET, POST, etc.), headers,
and optionally a body (for methods like POST or PUT).

2. Security Filter Chain

 The request first enters the SecurityFilterChain, which is part of Spring Security.

 Filters within the chain are executed in sequence. Examples include:

o Authentication Filters: Validate the user credentials (e.g., JWT tokens or session
cookies).

o Authorization Filters: Check if the user has the required permissions for the
requested resource.

o CorsFilter: Handles Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) policies.

o CSRF Protection Filter: Validates CSRF tokens to prevent cross-site request


forgery attacks.

 If authentication or authorization fails, the request is blocked, and an appropriate HTTP


status (e.g., 401 Unauthorized or 403 Forbidden) is returned.

3. Dispatcher Servlet

 After passing through the filters, the request reaches the DispatcherServlet, the central
component of the Spring MVC framework.

 Responsibilities of the DispatcherServlet:

o It acts as a front controller, routing incoming requests to appropriate handlers.

o It delegates to other components like HandlerMapping and HandlerAdapter to


identify the correct Controller method.

4. Controller Layer

 The DispatcherServlet routes the request to a specific Controller, a component


annotated with @Controller or @RestController.

 The Controller handles the request by:


o Parsing request parameters or body (e.g., JSON or XML data).

o Performing input validation using annotations like @Valid or @RequestParam.

o Delegating the request to the Service Layer for business logic.

5. Service Layer

 The Service Layer contains the business logic and is typically annotated with @Service.

 This layer may perform:

o Data transformations.

o Complex business calculations.

o Interactions with external APIs or other services.

 The service calls the Repository Layer to access the database.

6. Repository Layer

 The Repository Layer interacts with the database and is often annotated with
@Repository.

 It uses frameworks like Spring Data JPA or Hibernate to:

o Perform CRUD operations.

o Execute custom queries.

o Manage transactions automatically if configured.

 Data fetched or saved in the database is returned back to the Service Layer.

7. Returning a Response

 The Service Layer returns the processed data to the Controller.

 The Controller:

o Wraps the response in a proper format (JSON, XML, etc.), depending on the
client’s request headers (Accept).

o Sets the HTTP response code (e.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found) and other headers as
necessary.

8. View Resolver (Optional)

 If the application uses Thymeleaf, JSPs, or other template engines, the View Resolver
resolves the logical view name returned by the Controller to an actual view file (HTML,
etc.).
 For REST APIs, this step is skipped since the response is directly serialized as JSON or
XML.

9. Response Sent to the Client

 The DispatcherServlet sends the final response back to the client.

 The response includes:

o The HTTP status code.

o Headers (e.g., Content-Type, Cache-Control).

o The response body (JSON, XML, HTML, etc.).

Error Handling

 At any point in the lifecycle, exceptions can occur (e.g., invalid input, database errors).

 Spring provides global exception handling using:

o @ControllerAdvice and @ExceptionHandler annotations for custom error


handling.

o Default error pages or response objects for unhandled exceptions.

Key Points

1. Thread Handling: Each request is handled by a separate thread from the server's thread
pool, ensuring non-blocking parallel processing.

2. Performance Optimization:

o Filters and interceptors can short-circuit the lifecycle for invalid or unauthorized
requests.

o Caching strategies can reduce the load on the database.

3. Scalability: Microservices architecture and load balancers can distribute the requests
among multiple instances of the application.

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