G.

7 Science Name: ___________________

Lesson Worksheet Class: ___________ ( )

3 Looking at living things

3.1 Living things (Book 1A, p. 147)

A Vital functions of living things (Book 1A, p. 147)

 Most scientists distinguish (分辨) living things (生物) from non-living things (非生物) based on
whether they carry out seven (1) _______________________________ (重要功能). These
functions are necessary for maintaining life.

1 Living things have ways to obtain

(2) _______________ (食物).

2 Living things have ways to obtain

(3) _______________ (空氣).

3 Living things (4) _______________ (運動).  Giant panda eats bamboo.

4 Living things (5) _______________ (生長).

5 Living things react to (6) _______________ (刺激).

6 Living things (7) _______________ (排泄).

7 Living things (8) _______________ (生殖) to

 Mimosa leaves (含羞草) close when
produce offspring (後代). they are touched.

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B Wide variety of living things (Book 1A, p. 152)
 There is wide variety of living things, including various types of animals, plants and
microorganisms (微生物).

 The wide variety of living things is called (9) _______________ (生物多樣性).

 In general, animals and plants are different in the following ways:

Animals Plants

 Move (10) _______________  Move very (11) _______________

(slowly / fast) (slowly / fast)

 Feed on (12)  Make (13) _____________________

_____________________
 React to stimuli (15)
 React to stimuli (14) _______________ (slowly / quickly)
_______________ (slowly / quickly)

 Living things vary greatly in size.

 Microorganisms are very (16) _______________. Most of them can only be seen under a
(17) _______________ (顯微鏡). Animals and plants can be seen with the naked eye.

 (18) _______________ (細菌), (19) _______________ (變形蟲), (20) _______________ (酵母)

and (21) _______________ (麪包霉) are examples of microorganisms.

3.2 Grouping of living things (Book 1A, p. 156)

A Need of grouping (Book 1A, p. 156)

 Scientists put living things into different groups according to some

(1) ________________________ (主要特徵). This help scientists identify living things and
study the large number of them in an (2) _______________ way.

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B Different groups of animals and plants (Book 1A, p. 157)

 Two main groups of living things are (3) _______________ and (4) _______________.
1 Animals (Book 1A, p. 157)

 Animals can be sorted into (5) _______________ (脊椎動物) and

(6) _______________ (無脊椎動物).

 Vertebrates have a (7) _______________ (脊柱) while invertebrates do not.

 Vertebrates can be further sorted into five groups: (8) _______________ (魚類),
(9) _______________ (兩棲類), (10) _______________ (爬行類), (11) _______________ (鳥類)
and (12) _______________ (哺乳類).

Vertebrates Key features

Fish
 Have slimy (13) _______________ (鱗)

 Have (14) _______________ (鰓) for breathing in water

 Have (15) _______________ (鰭) for swimming

 Body temperature (16) _______________with the

environment
 Goldfish

Amphibians
 Have moist skin but no (17) _______________

 The young forms live in water and have

(18) _______________ for breathing; the adults live
mostly on land and breathe with
(19) _______________ (肺) or skin
 Newt
 The adults have (20) ______________________ for
swimming and walking

 Body temperature changes with the

(21) _____________________

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 Reptiles
 Have dry, hard (22) _______________ for protection

 Breathe with (23) _______________

 Most have (24) ______________________

 (25) ___________________________ changes with the

 Tortoise environment

Birds
 Have a (26) _______________ (喙) and
(27) _______________ (羽毛)

 Breathe with (28) _______________

 Have a pair of (29) _______________ (翅膀) for flying

and two other (30) _______________
 Duck
 Can maintain a (31) _______________ body
temperature

Mammals
 Have (32) ______________________ (乳腺) for
producing milk

 Have fur or (33) _______________ (毛髮) on the skin

 Breathe with (34) _______________

 Can maintain a (35) _______________ body

 Rabbit temperature

2 Plants (Book 1A, p. 164)

 Plants can be put into 2 groups: (36) ______________________________ (非維管植物)

and (37) ______________________________ (維管植物).

 Vascular plants have (38) ______________________________ (維管組織) while non-vascular

plants do not.

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 Non-vascular plants Vascular plants

 Grow in (39) _______________ places  Adapted to live in

 Have simple (40) _______________ (莖) (43) _______________ places
and leaves but no  Have true (44) _______________,
(41) _______________ (根) (45) _______________ and leaves
 Absorb water from the environment  Have (46) _________________________
through their whole body for transporting water and food
 Example: (42) _______________ (蘚)  Example: (47) _______________ (芹菜)

 Vascular plants can be further sorted into (48) _______________ plants and
(49) _______________ plants.

 Seed plants produce (50) _______________ for reproduction while seedless plants do not.

 Fern is a (51) ___________________. It reproduce by releasing (52) _______________ (孢子).

 Seed plants can be sorted into (53) _______________ plants and (54) _______________ plants.

Non-flowering plants Flowering plants

 Do not produce (55) _______________  Produce (57) _______________

 Seeds are found in  Seeds are protected in

(56) _______________ (毬果) (58) _______________

 Pine (松)  Apple tree

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  Cone of pine  Fruit of apple tree

C Identification key (Book 1A, p. 172)

 A (59) ______________ (檢索表) can be used to identify living things according to their body
features.

1 How to use a key (Book 1A, p. 172)

Below are four kinds of trees.

Tree Bark Leaf Flower

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 C

Use the key below to identify the trees.

Trees A to D

Flowers look like test Flowers do not look

tube brushes like test tube brushes

Bark does not

Bark has many Leaves are heart- Leaves are not
have layers of
layers of peeling shaped heart-shCuban
peeling
Bast
(黃槿)
aped
Paper-bark Tree Tall Bottle-brush Cuban Bast Frangipani
(白千層) (串錢柳) (黃槿) (雞蛋花)

Write down the names of trees A to D.

Tree A: (60) _________________________ Tree B: (61) _________________________

Tree C: (62) _________________________ Tree D: (63) _________________________

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Below are five kinds of butterflies.

 Butterfly A  Butterfly B  Butterfly C

 Butterfly D  Butterfly E

Use the key below to identify the butterflies.

1 a Hind wings with tails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
b Hind wings without tails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 a Have only one pair of tails on hind wings . . . . . . . . . . Paris Peacock (巴黎翠鳳蝶)
b Have more than one pairs of tails on hind wings . . . . . Long-banded Silverline (銀線灰蝶)
3 a Have black eyespots on wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
b Do not have black eyespots on wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger (擬旖斑蝶)
4 a Have white strips on wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dark-band Bush Brown (小眉眼蝶)
b not have white strips on wings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common Evening Brown (暮眼蝶)

Write down the names of butterflies A to E.

Butterfly A: (64) _________________________ Butterfly B: (65) _________________________

Butterfly C: (66) _________________________ Butterfly D: (67) _________________________

Butterfly E: (68) _________________________

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2 How to make a key (Book 1A, p. 175)
Below are four kinds of fruits.

 Kiwi fruit (奇異果)  Melon  Plum (李子)  Avocado (牛油果)

Complete the key below to identify the fruits.

Four kinds of fruits

Skin is Skin is not

(69) ____________ (70) ____________

Skin with Skin without

(71) ___________ (72) ___________

Only one More than one

(73) ___________ (74) ___________

(75) ___________ (76) ___________ (77) __________ (78) __________

_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________

Complete the key in the form of statements below.

1 a Skin is (79) _______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
b Skin is not (80) _______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81) _______________

2 a Skin with (82) _______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84) _______________

b Skin without (83) _______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3 a Only one (85) _______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (87) _______________

b More than one (86) _______________ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (88) _______________

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3.3 Biodiversity (Book 1A, p. 178)

A Biodiversity is reducing (Book 1A, p. 178)

 Living things that are in danger of extinction (絕種) are called (1) _______________________
______________________ (瀕危物種).
 Examples of endangered species:

 Giant panda (大熊貓)  Orchid (蘭花)

B Human activities affecting biodiversity (Book 1A, p. 179)

 Many (2) _________________________ threatens the survival of living things and lead to a
rapid reduction in (3) _______________.

Human activity Explanation

Destruction of natural habitats  Human destroyed the natural habitats of many living
things to obtain (4) ____________________ (原料)
and new (5) _______________.
 The homes (e.g. rainforests) of living things
(e.g. rhinos, elephants, tigers and orangutans) were
destroyed. The number of these animals largely
 Removal of rainforests
decreased.

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 (6) _______________ (過度獵殺) and  Human (8) ____________ and kill living things
(7) _______________ (過度開發) (e.g. sharks) for food and to make commercial
products (e.g. dried shark fins) or medicines.

 Sharks were killed for their fins

Introduction of foreign species  A (9) __________________(外來物種) is a kind of

living things not naturally found in an area. It may
be introduced through (10) _______________ (貿易)
or by accident.
 These living things may compete with the
(11) ______________________ (原生物種) for food,
 The Red-eared Slider Turtle is
imported from the United States to
habitats or even feed on them.
Hong Kong

Pollution  Some human activities produce harmful substances

that (12) _______________ (污染) the environment.
 (13) _______________ (廢氣) from cars and
factories pollute the air. Plants cannot live in
polluted air and will die.
 Oil spills (漏油) and plastics thrown away in natural
habitats can kill animals.
 A bird ate some plastics and died

C Importance of biodiversity (Book 1A, p. 183)

1 Sustainable development of natural environment (Book 1A, p. 183)

 The basic idea of sustainable development (可持續發展) is to maintain the world we live so
that our (14) _______________ (資源) last for a long time. Our (15) _______________
generation will be able to enjoy their lives with sufficient resources just as we do today.

 Biodiversity is important for the sustainable development of the natural environment as living
things in a habitat are (16) __________________________ for survival.

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2 Benefits to human (Book 1A, p. 184)

 Biodiversity benefits humans by providing (17) _______________ , (18) _______________

and medicines.

 If many living things become extinct, we may face a (19) _______________ of the above
resources.

D Conservation (Book 1A, p. 185)

 (20) _______________ (保育) is necessary to maintain biodiversity.

 Match the measures taken by the Hong Kong government with the ways in conservation.

Ways in conservation Measures

I Educate the public about the importance a Enforcing law
of conservation b Holding education programmes
II Stop people hunting wild animals and c Setting up conservation areas such as
damaging wild plants country parks and marine parks
III Control the import, export and possession d Building sewage treatment works
of endangered species and their products e Tightening car emission standards
IV Control Pollution f Setting up Endangered Species
V Avoid damaging natural habitats Resource Centre (瀕危物種資源中心)

I: (21) ________, ________ II: (22) ________ III: (23) ________

IV: (24) ________, ________ V: (25) ________

 Put a ‘’ in appropriate boxes to indicate what we should or shouldn’t do to protect wildlife
and the environment.
Should Shouldn’t

Disturb or collect wild animals and plants (26)  

Buy products made from endangered species (27)  
Eat rare living things and their food products (28)  
Apply the 4 Rs principle in daily life (29)  

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Words to learn

3 Looking at living things

3.1 Living things
vital functions stimuli excrete reproduce

biodiversity microscope Bacteria Amoeba

3.2 Grouping of living things

key features vertebrates invertebrates amphibians

reptiles mammals scales gills

fins lungs limbs environment

body temperature beak feathers constant

mammary glands stems roots

3.3 Biodiversity
endangered species human activities raw materials Overhunting
overexploitation foreign species native species pollute
Exhaust fumes resources interdependent shortage
Conservation

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