Benifits of Structural Analysis and its
Uses -Presentation By Apurba Mitra-
Name:- Apurba Mitra
Uni.Roll:- 12501321016
Department:- Civil
Sem -5th
CONTENTS
Introduction
Classification of Structure
Types of Structure
Structural Design
What is structural analysis?
Idealization of Structure
Structural Problems
Stability & Determinacy
INTRODUCTION
What is STRUCTURE?
“A structure is refers to a system of connected parts used
to support a load.” (Hibbeler, 2009)
Structure related to civil engineering includes:
Buildings, Bridges, Tower, Tunnel, and etc.
Structure related to other branches of engineering
includes:
Ship, Aircraft frames, Tanks, Pressure vessels, Mechanical
systems, Electrical supporting structures and etc.
Example of structure
Rafter
Beam
Column
Support
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE
Structural Elements:
(a) Tie Rods
(b) Beams
(c) Columns
(a) Tie Rods
Tie Rods or Bracing struts are structural members pointed to
a tensile force.
These elements are slender and are often chosen from rods,
bars, angels or channels.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE
(cont’d)
(b) Beams
Beams are usually straight horizontal members used
primarily to carry vertical loads.
Materials commonly used for beams structure such as:
▪ Steel
▪ Aluminium
▪ Concrete
▪ Timber
Beams can be classified according the way they are
supported (Figure 1.2-2)
(b) Beams
Beams are primarily designed to oppose bending
moment and large internal shear force (when beams are
short and carry large loads).
Beam cross section for metal materials such as steel and
aluminium.
The forces developed in the top and bottom flanges of
the beam form the necessary couple used to resist the
applied moment M, while the web is effective in
resisting the applied shear V.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE (cont’d) (b)
Beams (cont’d)
Picture 1: Typical Splice Plate Joints Used to Connect the Steel
Girders of a Highway Bridge (source: Hibbeler, 2009)
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE (cont’d) (b)Beams
(cont’d)
Timber beams are made from sawn timber from a
solid of wood or laminated.
Laminated beams are constructed from solid
sections of wood, which are fastened together using
high-strength glues.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE (cont’d) (c)Column
Columns are members that generally vertical and
resist axial compressive loads.
Tubes and wide-flange cross sections are normally
used for metal columns.
Circular and square cross sections with reinforcing
rods are used for concrete columns.
Beam columns are subjected to both an axial load
and a bending moment.
CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURE (cont’d) (c)Column
Beam Columns
Columns (source: Hibbeler, 2009) (source: Hibbeler, 2009)
TYPES OF STRUCTURE
Types of Structure:
Trusses
Cables and Arches
Frames
Surface Structures
Structural Forms
Tension& Compression Structure
Flexural Beam & Frame Structure
Surface Structures
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- TRUSSES
Truss is a span of a structure which required being large
and its depth is not an important criterion for design and
consist of slender element with triangular fashion
arrangement.
Trusses are supported compression and tension forces in
the members.
One of the advantages of using truss compared to beam
is that it uses less material to support a given load.
Trusses are constructed from long and slender elements
which can be arranged in various methods to support
load. The truss spans are economically ranging from 9m
to 122m and greater lengths.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- TRUSSES
Types of trusses:
Planar trusses
Planar trusses are composed of members that lie in the
same plane. Commonly used for bridge and roof support.
Space trusses
Space trusses are composed of members extending in
three dimensions and are suitable for derricks and
towers.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- TRUSSES
Compression and Tension in Truss Members
(source: Hibbeler, 2009)
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- CABLES
Cables are one of the structures usually flexible and
carry their loads in tension and can be used to span
long distances (greater than 46 m).
Cables are regularly used to support bridges and
building roofs.
Cables will not become unstable and suddenly collapse,
because they are always in tension.
However, using of cables can reduced their sag,
weight, and methods of anchorage for the purposes
of truss construction which required added costs and
increased depth as the span increases.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- CABLES
Cables (support loads in tension)
(source: Hibbeler, 2009)
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- ARCHES
Arch is rigid and reverse curvature form, which can
achieve compression strength.
In order to maintain the shape of the arches, shear
and moment loadings should be considered in the
design process.
Arches are regularly used in bridge structures,
dome roofs, and for opening in masonry walls.
TYPES OF STRUCTURE (cont’d)
- ARCHES
Arches (support loads in compression)
(source: Hibbeler, 2009)
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