ST. CLARE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION SCHOOL, INC.

Leviste, Laurel, Batangas [email protected]|043-831-738|0917-507-8010

LEARNING PLAN

SUBJECT: Statistics and Probability GRADE LEVEL: 11

TOPIC: SHADED REGION UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE QUARTER: 3rd Quarter
WEEK: 5 LESSON NO. 5
NAME OF SUBJECT TEACHER: Ms. Ivy-Jane N. Umandap

OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, with at least 75% proficiency, the students are expected to:
1. compute probabilities using a table of cumulative areas under a standard normal
curve.
2. compute percentiles of a (standard) normal curve.
3. to find population percentages using the normal curve.
PERFORMAN The learner is able to apply an appropriate random variable for a given real-life problem
CE (such as in
STANDARDS decision making and games of chance.

Clarean Smartness
Values Critical thinking
Materials Materials: Exploring Random Variables. (2016). In R. R. Belecina, E. S. Baccay, & E. B.
Mateo, Statistics and Probability (pp. 18-36). Rex Book Store, Inc.

Day 1 and 2 I. Preparatory

PROCEDURE Motivation
Materials:
NOTE: • 8.5 x 11 sheet of paper
• Pencils
The whole
Teacher will explain the following scenario to the students:
lesson may • A machine is used to put candies into boxes for retailing. The machine is
take 1 or 2 consistently accurate and the actual number of candies in a box is normally
days distributed, with a mean of 106 and standard deviation of 2.
𝑥−𝜇
• Given the formula for getting the value of z; z= 𝜎
INSTRUCTION:
• Draw the label a normal curve from the following information.
• What percentage of boxes contain more than 104 candies?
• What percentage of boxes contain more than 110 candies?
• What percentage of boxes contain less than 108 candies?
• What percentage of boxes contain less than 100 candies?
• What percentage of boxes contain between 102 and 112 candies?
II. Development of the Lesson
A. Presentation
Ask students to recall some of the lessons learned about normal distributions.
Students should be able to state that
• A normal distribution has a symmetric bell-shaped curve (for its probability
density function) with one peak; this curve is characterized by its mean (the
center of symmetry, and also the peak) and standard deviation σ (the distance
from the center to the change-of-curvature points on either side). If a random
variable X has a normal distribution with mean and variance σ2, we denote
this as X~N(μ,σ2).
• A normal curve is symmetric about its mean (thus the mean is the median); it
is more concentrated in the middle and its peak is at the mean (so that the
mean is also the mode).
• Like any continuous distribution, the total area under the normal curve is equal
to 1, and the probability that a normal random variable X equals any particular
value a , P(X=a) is 0.
• The normal curve follows the empirical rule (also called the 68-95-99.7 rule):
ST. CLARE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION SCHOOL, INC.
Leviste, Laurel, Batangas [email protected]|043-831-738|0917-507-8010

•About 68% of the area under the curve falls within 1 standard deviation of the
mean.
• About 95% of the area under the curve falls within 2 standard deviations of the
mean.
Nearly the entire distribution (About 99.7% of the area under the curve) falls within 3
standard deviations of the mean.

B. Lesson Proper
Definition:

Mathematicians are not fond of lengthy expressions. They use denotations, notations or
symbols instead. So, in this lesson you are expected to learn how to compute probabilities
using the standard normal table. Let’s start first with probability notations.

Probability notations are commonly used to express a lengthy idea into symbols
concerning the normal curve.

The following are the most common probability notations used in studying concepts on the
normal curve.

P(a < z < b) this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is
between a and b

P(z> a) this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is above a
Steps Solution

Draw a normal curve.

Locate the required z-values. Shade

the required region.

z = 2 has a corresponding area of 0.4772

Locate the required z-values. Shade
the required region values. z = 3 has a corresponding area of 0.4987

With the graph, decide on what

operation will be used to identify the With the given graph, the operation
proportion of the area of the region.
Use probability notation to avoid to be used is subtraction.
lengthy expressions. P(2 < z <3) = 0.4987 – 0.4772 = 0.0215

The required area between z = 2

Make a concluding statement.
and z = 3 is 0.0215.
ST. CLARE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION SCHOOL, INC.
Leviste, Laurel, Batangas [email protected]|043-831-738|0917-507-8010

P(z< a)this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is
below a where a and b are z-score values.

P(z = a) = 0 this notation represents the idea stating the probability that the z-value is
equal to a is 0. This notation indicates that a z-value is equal to exactly one
point on the curve. With that single point, a line can be drawn signifying the
probability can be below or above it. That is why, for a z-value to be exactly
equal to a value its probability is equal to 0.

Let us familiarize some of the terms involved in using notations

Negative P(z < a) Positive P(z > a)

“less than z” “greater than z”

“to the left of z” “to the right of z”

“below z” “above z”

“lower than z” “more than z”

“under z” “at least z”

Illustration.
1.Find the proportion of the area between z = 2 and z = 3.
.2. Find the proportion of the area below z = 1

STEPS SOLUTIONS

Draw a normal curve. Locate the

required z-value. Shade the required
region.

Locate from the z-Table the z = 1 has a corresponding area of

corresponding areas of the given z- 0.3413.

value. This area signifies only from z = 0 to

z = 1.

With the graph, decide on what With the given graph, the operation

operation will be used to identify the to be used is addition.

proportion of the area of the region. P(z < 1) = 0.5000+ 0.3413 = 0.8413

Use probability notation to avoid This is so because the area of the

lengthy expressions. region from z = 0 to its left is 0.5 since

it represents half of the normal curve.

ST. CLARE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION SCHOOL, INC.
Leviste, Laurel, Batangas [email protected]|043-831-738|0917-507-8010

With the property that the curve has

area equal to 1, therefore half of its

area signifies 0.5000 or 0.5.

Make a concluding statement. The required area below z = 1 is

0.8413.

3. Find the area that the z-value is exactly equal to 1.

Steps Solution

Draw a normal curve.

Locate the required z-values.
Shade the required region.

Locate from the z-Table the With the given graph, there is no need to
decide on what operation to be used since as
corresponding areas of the given z- defined, if a z-value is equal to exactly one
number then its probability or the proportion
values. of the area of the region is automatically 0.

With the graph, decide on what

operation will be used to identify the
proportion of the area of the region.
Use probability notation to avoid
lengthy expressions. P(z = 1) = 0

The required area for the z-value exactly

Make a concluding statement. equal to 1 is 0.

C. Generalization/Value integration
1. Application
➢ The standard normal distribution is a normal distribution with a mean of 0,
and a standard deviation of 1.
➢ Tables of the Cumulative Distribution Function of a Standard Normal
Distribution can be used to generate various areas of a standard normal
curve, as well as percentiles of the distribution.
 ST. CLARE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION SCHOOL, INC.
Leviste, Laurel, Batangas [email protected]|043-831-738|0917-507-8010

The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution. It has the following

properties:
1. The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about its center. Exactly half of the values are to the left of the
center and exactly half the values are to the right.
3. The mean, the median, and the mode are equal and coincide at the center.
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the distribution.
5. The tails of the curve flatten out indefinitely along the horizontal axis, always
approaching the axis but never touching it. That is, the curve is asymptotic to the base line.
6. The area under the curve s 1. Thus, it represents the probability or proportion, or the
percentage associated with the specific sets of measurement values.•A standard normal
curve is a normal probability distribution that has a mean µ =0 and a standard deviation σ =
1.
To find the area under the normal curve, the following steps are suggested:
1. Express the given z-value into a three-digit form.
2. Using the z-table, find the first two digits on the left column.
3. Match the third digit with the appropriate column on the right.
4. Read the area at the intersection of the row and the column. This is the required
area.
D. Agreement/Assignment
Solve for the proportion of the area of the following probability notations. Then, sketch the
normal curve shading the required region of each given notation.
1. P (-2 < z <1)
2. P (z > 3)
3. P (z < -2)
4. P (z >-1.5)
5. P (z = -1

Day 3 Discussion of the Assignment

(Things to Do)
Day 4 Continuation of the Discussion of Assignment
Discussion of
things to do
Day 5 Quiz
Quiz