1.

Electric Charges & Fields |1

1 Electric Charges & Fields

C ONCEPT B UILDERS CH 1
1. On rubbing two bodies, the mass of one body slightly gets________ (increases/decreases)
2. The property which differentiates the two kinds of charges is called the polarity of charge. [T/F]
3. If the sizes of charged bodies are very small compared to the distance between them, then we treat them as
...... (zero/ point) charge.
𝑇
4. A positively charged glass rod can attract neutral piece of paper. [𝐹]
5. If an uncharged bob is placed in an electric field, then its time period of oscillation remains the same. [T/F]
6. What does the equation 𝑞 = 𝑛𝑒 represents?
7. What is the force of repulsion between two positive charges of 1C each, kept 1 m apart in vacuum?
8. Electric field is____(same/different) at different points on the surface of an irregularly shaped charged
conductor.
9. Electric field at any point on the surface of a conductor____(directly / inversely) proportional to the surface
charged density.
10. Force characteristic of field is______(intensity / potential) and work characteristic of field is ____(intensity /
potential).
11. What is the formula for the electric field due to system of charges in vector form?
12. Electric field lines cannot cross each other because if they do so, then they will have more than one tangent
which is not possible. [T/F]
13. In a non-uniform electric field, a dipole will have translatory as well as rotatory motion. [T/F]
14. The strength of electric field at an axial point of a short dipole is___(half/twice) the strength at same distance
on the equatorial line.
15. If three charges +𝑞, +𝑞 and +𝑞 are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 𝑎, then what is the
force on a charge +𝑄 placed at the centre of the triangle?
16. Torque on a dipole becomes zero when it aligns itself___(perpendicular / parallel) to the electric field.
17. If the electric flux entering and leaving a closed surface in air are 𝜙1 and 𝜙2 respectively, then the electric
charge enclosed within surface will be 𝜀0 (𝜙2 + 𝜙1 ). [T/F]
18. The electric field of a uniformly charged infinity plane sheet decreases with increase in distance 𝑟 from it.
[T/F]
19. If charge 𝑞 is placed at one of the vertices of a closed cube of side 𝑙, then what will be the electric flux
through face of the cube which does pass through that vertex?
20. Electric field due to a uniformly charged thin spherical shell is maximum at the ____ (centre/surface) of the
shell.

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T OPICAL Q UESTION S CH 1
Electric Charge
1. Discharge of electric charges through our body due to rubbing of insulating surfaces generates NCERT Pg. 1
a) static electricity b) current electricity c) electric potential d) electrodynamics
2. If a plastic rod rubbed with fur is made to touch two small pith balls suspended nearby, then which figure
shows their final configuration? NCERT Pg. 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)

3. A soap bubble is given a negative charge, then its radius NCERT Pg. 2
(a) decreases (b) increases
(c) remains unchanged (d) nothing can be predicted as information is insufficient
4. One metallic sphere 𝐴 is given positive charge, whereas another identical metallic sphere 𝐵 of exactly same
mass as that of 𝐴 is given equal amount of negative charge. Then, NCERT Pg. 2
(a) mass of 𝐴 and mass of 𝐵 still remain equal (b) mass of 𝐴 increases
(c) mass of 𝐵 decreases (d) mass of 𝐵 increases
5. In general, metallic ropes are suspended from the carriers to the ground which take inflammable material.
Reason is NCERT Pg. 2
(a) their speed is controlled
(b) to keep the gravity of the carrier nearer to the earth
(c) to keep the body of the carrier in contact with the earth
(d) nothing should be placed under the carrier
6. When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, charge appears on both. This observation is consistent with law
of conservation of charge as NCERT Pg. 2
(a) charge on both causes attraction
(b) charge on both causes repulsion
(c) charges appearing on both bodies are equal and opposite
(d) charge on first body is more than that of second body
7. When a glass rod is rubbed with a silk cloth, then the glass rod NCERT Pg. 2
(a) loses electron (b) gains electron
(c) neither loses nor gains electron (d) behaves as a plastic rod
8. The apparatus used to detect charge on a body is known as NCERT Pg. 3
(a) electric charge accumulator (b) gold-leaf electroscope
(c) silver-leaf electroscope (d) electric charge separator

Conductors and Insulators

9. Which of the following material has electric charges that are free to move inside it? NCERT Pg. 3
(a) Human body (b) Dry air (c) Ebonite (d) Plastic
10. Most of the non-metals are NCERT Pg. 3
(a) conductor (b) insulator (c) semiconductor (d) superconductor

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Basic Properties of Electric Charge

11. Suppose charge on a metallic sphere is 𝑞. If the sphere is put in contact with an identical uncharged sphere,
the charge will spread over the two spheres. By symmetry, charge on each sphere will be NCERT Pg. 4
9
(a) 𝑞 (b) 2 (c) 2𝑞 (d) zero
9
12. If a body gives out 10 electrons per second, how much time is required to get a total charge of 1C from it?
(a) Around 198 min (b) Around 198 h NCERT Pg. 4
(c) Around 198 days (d) Around 198yr
13. Number of electrons that must be removed from an electrically neutral silver dollar to give it a charge of
+2.4C is NCERT Pg. 5
(a) 2.5 × 1019 (b) 1.5 × 1019 (c) 1.5 × 10−19 (d) 2.5 × 10−19
14. An object of mass 1 kg contains 4 × 1020 atoms. If one electron is removed from every atom of the solid, the
charge gained by the solid of 1 g is NCERT Pg. 5
−2 −3 −4
(a) 2.8C (b) 6.4 × 10 C (c) 3.6 × 10 C (d) 9.2 × 10 C

Coulomb’s Law
15. A certain charge 𝑄 is divided into 2 parts 𝑞, (𝑄 − 𝑞). How the charge 𝑄, 𝑞 must be related, so that when 𝑞,
(𝑄 − 𝑞) is placed at a certain distance apart experience maximum electrostatic repulsion? NCERT Pg. 6
(a) 𝑄 = 4𝑞 (b) 𝑄 = 3𝑞 (c) 𝑄 = 2𝑞 (d) 𝑄 = 4𝑞 + 𝐶
16. Two electrical charged particles of different magnitudes when placed at a distance 𝑑 from each other,
experience a force of attraction 𝐹. These two particles are then put in contact and again placed at the same
distance from each other. What is the nature of new force between them? NCERT Pg. 6
(a) Attractive
(b) Repulsive
(c) Attractive or repulsive depending upon magnitude of charges present on them
(d) Cannot predicted
17. Force between two charges varies with distance between them as NCERT Pg. 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)

18. If point charges 𝑄1 = 2 × 10−7 C and 𝑄2 = 3 × 10−7 C are at 30 cm separation, then find electrostatic force
between them. NCERT Pg. 6
(a) 2 × 10−3 N (b) 6 × 10−3 N
(c) 5 × 10−3 N (d) 1 × 10−3 N
19. For two charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 , if force between them for some separation in air is 𝐹, then force between them in
a medium of permittivity 𝜀 will be NCERT Pg. 6
𝜀0 𝜀 𝐹
(a) 𝜀 𝐹 (b) 𝜀 𝐹 (c) 𝜀𝜀0 𝐹 (d) 𝜀 𝜀
0 0
20. The ratio of the forces between two small spheres with constant charge (i) in air (ii) in a medium of dielectric
constant 𝐾 is NCERT Pg. 6
2 2
(a) 1: 𝐾 (b) 𝐾: 1 (c) 1: 𝐾 (d) 𝐾 : 1
21. 2 point charges placed at a certain distance 𝑟 in air exert a force 𝐹 on each other. Then, distance 𝑟 ′ at which
these charges will exert the same force in a medium of dielectric constant 𝐾 is given by NCERT Pg. 6
(a) 𝑟 (b) 𝑟/𝐾 (c) 𝑟/√𝐾 (d) 𝑟√𝐾
22. 𝐹𝐺 and 𝐹𝑒 represents gravitational and electrostatic force respectively, between electron and proton at a
distance of 10 cm. The ratio of 𝐹𝐺 /𝐹𝑒 is of the order of NCERT Pg. 6
42 −39 −43
(a) 10 (b) 10 (c) 1 (d) 10

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23. The electrostatic force acting on a sphere of charge 8𝜇C due to another sphere of charge −20𝜇C in air is
9 N. The distance between two sphere is NCERT Pg. 6
(a) 0.2 m (b) 0.4 m (c) 4 m (d) 2 m
24. Two small spheres each having the charge +𝑄 are suspended by insulating threads of length 𝐿 from a hook.
This arrangement is taken in space, where there is no gravitational effect, then the angle between the two
suspensions and the tension in each thread will be NCERT Pg. 6
1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2 1 𝑄2
(a) 180∘ , (b) 90∘ , (c) 180∘ , (d) 180∘ ,
4𝜋𝜀0 (2𝐿)2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝐿2 4𝜋𝜀0 2𝐿2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝐿2
25. Suppose the spheres 𝐴 and 𝐵 with charge 6.5 × 10−7 C have identical sizes and distance between their
centres is 50 cm. A third sphere of the same size but uncharged is brought in contact with the first, then
brought in contact with the second and finally removed from both. What is the new force of repulsion
between 𝐴 and 𝐵 ? NCERT Pg. 6
(a) 5.7 × 10−3 N (b) 1.5 × 10−2 N (c) 024 N (d) 0.24 × 10−2 N
26. Charge 𝑞2 of mass 𝑚 revolves around a stationary charge 𝑞1 in a circular orbit of radius 𝑟. The orbital
periodic time of 𝑞2 would be NCERT Pg. 6
1/2 1/2 1/2
4𝜋3 𝑚𝑟 2 𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 1/2 4𝜋2 𝑚𝑟 4 4𝜋2 𝑚𝑟 3
(a) ( ) (b) ( ) (c) ( ) (d) ( )
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 4𝜋2 𝑚𝑟 2 𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2

Forces between Multiple Charges

27. Four charges equal to −𝑄 are placed at the four corners of a square and a charge 𝑞 is at its centre. If the
system is in equilibrium, the value of 𝑞 is NCERT Pg. 11
𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
(a) − (1 + 2√2) (b) (1 + 2√2) (c) − (1 + 2√2) (d) (1 + 2√2)
4 4 2 2
28. 𝐴𝐵𝐶 is an equilateral triangle. Three charged particle each having charge +𝑞 are placed at each corner as
shown in figure. The net electric force on charge which is at point 𝐴, is NCERT Pg. 11

𝑞2 √3𝑞2 √2𝑞2
(a) 4𝜋𝜀 𝑙2
(b) 4𝜋𝜀 2 (c) 4𝜋𝜀 2 (d) zero
0 0𝑙 0𝑙
29. Equal charges 𝑞 are placed at the four corners 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 of a square of length 𝑎. The magnitude of the force
on the charge at 𝐵 will be NCERT Pg. 11
3𝑞2 4𝑞2 𝑞2 1+2√2 𝑞2 1
(a) (b) (c) ( ) (d) (2 + )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 2 2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2 √2
30. Three charges −𝑞1 , +𝑞2 and −𝑞3 are placed as shown in the figure. The 𝑥-component of the force on 𝑞1 is
proportional to NCERT Pg. 11

𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
(a) 𝑏22 − 𝑎32 cos⁡ 𝜃 (b) 𝑏22 + 𝑎32 sin⁡ 𝜃 (c) 𝑏22 + 𝑎32 cos⁡ 𝜃 (d) 𝑏22 − 𝑎32 sin⁡ 𝜃

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31. Net force on charge placed at 𝐴 is NCERT Pg. 11

𝑘𝑄 2 √3𝑘𝑄 2 𝑘𝑄 2
(a) √2 𝑎2
(b) 𝑎2
(c) (d) zero
√2𝑎 2

Electric Field
32. The electric field in a certain region is acting radially outward and is given by 𝐸 = 𝐴𝑎. A charge contained in
a sphere of radius 𝑎 centred at the origin of the field will be NCERT Pg. 14
2 2 3 3
(a) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝐴𝑎 (b) 𝐴𝜀0 𝑎 (c) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝐴𝑎 (d) 𝜀0 𝐴𝑎
33. The bob of a simple pendulum has mass 2 g and a charge of 5.0𝜇C. It is at rest in a uniform horizontal
electric field of intensity 2000 V/m. At equilibrium, the angle that the pendulum makes with the vertical is
(Take, 𝑔 = 10 m/s 2 ) NCERT Pg. 14
−1 −1 −1 −1
(a) tan ⁡(2.0) (b) tan ⁡(0.2) (c) tan ⁡(5.0) (d) tan ⁡(0.5)
34. An electron of mass 𝑚𝑒 initially at rest moves through a certain distance in a uniform electric field in time 𝑡1 .
A proton of mass 𝑚𝑝 also initially at rest takes time 𝑡2 to move through an equal distance in this uniform
electric field. Neglecting the effect of gravity, the ratio of 𝑡2 /𝑡1 is nearly equal to NCERT Pg. 14
1/2 1/2
(a) 1836 (b) (𝑚𝑒 /𝑚𝑝 ) (c) (𝑚𝑝 /𝑚𝑒 ) (d) 1
−8 −8
35. Two point charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 of +10 C and −10 C respectively are placed 0.1 m apart. NCERT Pg. 14

Then, ratio of magnitudes of electric fields at 𝐴 and 𝐶 is

(a) 4: 1 (b) 1: 4 (c) 8: 1 (d) 1: 8
36. Three identical positive point charges below are placed at the vertices of an isosceles right angled triangle
as shown. Which of the vectors numbered coincides in direction with the electric field at the mid-point 𝑀 of
the hypotenuse due to the given system of charges? NCERT Pg. 14

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

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37. Charges 𝑞, 2𝑞, 3𝑞 and 4𝑞 are placed at the corners 𝐴, 𝐵, 𝐶 and 𝐷 of a square as shown in the figure. The
direction of electric field at the centre of the square is along NCERT Pg. 14

(a) 𝐴𝐵 (b) 𝐶𝐵 (c) 𝐵𝐷 (d) 𝐴𝐶

38. If an infinite number of charges each equal to 5 × 10−9 C are placed along the 𝑋-axis at 𝑥 = 1 m, 𝑥 = 2 m, 𝑥 =
4 m, 𝑥 = 8 m & so on. If charges are alternatively positive & negative, intensity of the electric field at the
point 𝑥 = 0 is (in volt /m ) NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 30 (b) 36 (c) 18 (d) zero
39. A charge of 2C is placed on the 𝑋-axis at 1 m from the origin along -ve 𝑋-axis. Infinite number of charges
each of magnitude 2𝐶 are placed on 𝑋-axis at 1𝑚, 2𝑚, 4𝑚, ...... from origin along +ve 𝑋-axis. The first charge
is positive and alternate charges are of opposite in nature. Electric field intensity at the origin NCERT Pg. 14
1 1
(a) 10𝜋𝜀 along-ve 𝑋-axis. (b) 10𝜋𝜀 along + ve 𝑋-axis.
0 0
1 1
(c) 𝜋𝜀 along + ve 𝑋-axis. (d) 𝜋𝜀 along-ve 𝑋-axis.
0 0
40. A charge Q is placed at the centre of a square. If electric field intensity due to the charge at the corners of
𝐸
square is 𝐸1 & the intensity at the mid-point of the side of square is 𝐸2 , then ratio of 𝐸1 will be NCERT Pg. 14
2
1 1
(a) (b) √2 (c) (d) 2
√2 2
41. A charged cork ball of mass 2 kg is suspended by light insulated string in electric field (E) as shown, find the
charge on ball, if it is in equilibrium. NCERT Pg. 14

(a) 2𝐶 (b) 5𝐶 (c) 10C (d) 20C

42. A wire is bent into a semi-circular ring of radius 𝑟 with charge 𝑞 distributed uniformly over it. Net field 𝐄 at the
center is NCERT pg. 14
𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
(a) 4𝜋2 𝜀 𝑟2 𝐣ˆ (b) 2𝜋2 𝜀 𝑟2 𝐣ˆ (c) − 4𝜋2 𝜀 𝑟2 𝐣ˆ (d) − 2𝜋2 𝜀 𝑟2 𝐣ˆ
0 0 0 0
43. How many electrons should be removed from a coin of mass 1.6 g, so that it may float in an electric field of
intensity 109 N/C directed upward? NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 9.8 × 107 (b) 9.8 × 105 (c) 9.8 × 103 (d) 9.8 × 101
44. The charge on a body is 4 C. If the charge on it is doubled, then new electric field becomes NCERT Pg. 14
(a) half (b) double (c) unchanged (d) thrice
45. A force of 2.5 N acts on a charge of 5 × 10−4 C. The intensity of electric field at that point is NCERT Pg. 14
(a) 1500 N/C (b) 2000 N/C (c) 5000 N/C (d) 3000 N/C

Electric Field Lines

46. In the diagram shown below, NCERT Pg. 19

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(a) field strength at 𝑃 is less than field strength at 𝑄 (b) field strength at 𝑃 and 𝑄 are equal
(c) field is more strong at 𝑃 and less strong at 𝑄 (d) Cannot be determined from the figure
47. A metallic solid sphere is placed in a uniform electric field. Which of the following path of electric line of force
is correct? NCERT Pg. 19

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

48. A point charge 𝑞 is kept at corner of a cube, then total electric field lines passing through the surface
containing the corner having charge, is NCERT Pg. 19
9 9 𝑞
(a) zero (b) (c) (d)
96𝜀0 12𝜀0 24𝜀0
49. Figure shows electric field lines around three point charges 𝐴, 𝐵 & 𝐶. Which of following charges are
positive? NCERT Pg. 19

(a) Only 𝐴 (b) Only 𝐶 (c) Both 𝐴 and 𝐶 (d) Both 𝐵 and 𝐶
50. Which of the following represents the electric field lines due to a combinations of two negative charges?
NCERT Pg. 19

(d)
51. A non-uniform electric field is represented by the diagram. At which of the following points, the electric field
is greatest in magnitude? NCERT Pg. 19

(a) 𝐴 (b) 𝐵 (c) 𝐶 (d) 𝐷

52. Which of the following statements is not true about electric field lines? NCERT Pg. 19
(a) Electric field lines start from positive charge and end at negative charge.
(b) Two electric field lines can never cross each other.
(c) Electrostatic field lines do not form any closed loops.
(d) Electric field lines cannot be taken as continuous curve.

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53. Which of the following curves represent electric field lines correctly? NCERT Pg. 19

(a) (b) (c) (d)

54. Which of the following figures represents electric field lines due to a single positive charge? NCERT Pg. 19
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

55. Which of the following figures represent electric field lines due to a single negative charge? NCERT Pg. 19
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

56. Which of the following figure represents the electric field lines due to a combination of one positive and one
negative charge? NCERT Pg. 19

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Electric Flux
57. If an area is tilted in the direction of field such that normal to plane of area makes 𝜃 angle with the direction
of field, then number of field lines passing through the area is NCERT Pg. 21
(a) equal to 𝐸Δ𝑆 (b) proportional to 𝐸Δ𝑆cos⁡ 𝜃
(c) equal to 𝐸Δ𝑆cos⁡ 𝜃 (d) proportional to 𝐸Δ𝑆cos⁡ 𝜃/𝑟 2

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58. Consider a region inside which there are various types of charges but the total charge is zero. At points
outside the region, NCERT Pg. 21
(a) the electric field is necessarily zero
(b) the electric field is due to the dipole moment of the charge distribution only
1
(c) the dominant electric field is ∝ 𝑟 , for large 𝑟, where 𝑟 is the distance from a origin in this region
3
(d) None of the above
59. Electric flux emanating through a surface element 𝑑𝐒 = −5𝐢ˆ placed in an electric field 𝐄 = 4𝐢ˆ + 4𝐣ˆ + 4𝐤 ˆ is
NCERT Pg. 21
(a) 10 unit (b) 60 unit (c) 30 unit (d) 20 unit
ˆ , calculate electric flux through a surface of area 10 unit lying in
60. If an electric field is given by 10𝐢ˆ + 3𝐣ˆ + 4𝐤
𝑌𝑍-plane. NCERT. 21
(a) 100 unit (b) 10 unit (c) 30 unit (d) 40 unit
Electric Dipole
61. Determine the electric dipole moment of the system of three charges, placed on the vertices of an equilateral
triangle as shown in the figure. NCERT Pg. 23

𝐣ˆ−𝐢ˆ 𝐢ˆ+𝐣ˆ
(a) √3𝑞𝑙 (b) 2𝑞𝑙𝐣ˆ (c) −√3𝑞𝑙𝐣ˆ (d) (𝑞𝑙)
√2 √2
62. The ratio of electric fields on the axis and at equator of an electric dipole will be NCERT Pg. 23
(a) 1: 1 (b) 2: 1 (c) 4: 1 (d) None of these
63. In given figures, 𝑂𝑃 = 𝑂𝑄 = 15 cm, 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂𝐵 = 2.5 mm NCERT Pg. 23

Magnitudes of electric field at 𝑃 and 𝑄 are respectively

(a) 2.6 × 105 NC −1 , 2.6 × 105 NC−1 (b) 1.3 × 105 NC −1 , 1.3 × 105 NC−1
5 −1 5 −1
(c) 2.6 × 10 NC , 1.3 × 10 NC (d) 1.3 × 105 NC −1 , 2.6NC −1
64. The electric force on a point charge situated on the axis of a short dipole is 𝐹. If the charge is shifted along
the axis to double the distance, the electric force acting will be NCERT Pg. 23
𝐹 𝐹 𝐹
(a) 4𝐹 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8

Dipole in a Uniform External Field

65. When a dipole is placed in an uniform external field, then NCERT Pg. 27
(a) net force on dipole is zero but torque is non-zero (b) torque is zero but net force is non-zero
(c) torque and net force both are non-zero (d) both torque and net force are zero

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66. Two small identical electrical dipoles 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐶𝐷, each of dipole moment 𝑝 are kept at an angle of 120∘ as
shown in the figure. If this system is subjected to electric field (E) directed along direction which makes 𝜃 ∘
with 𝑋𝑌-plane, then the magnitude and direction of the torque acting on this is NCERT Pg. 27

(a) 𝑝𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃, along 𝑍-axis (b) 2𝑝𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃, along 𝑍-axis

√3 1
(c)2
𝑝𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃,along 𝑍-axis (d) 2 𝑝𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃, along 𝑍-axis
67. An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges each of magnitude 1 × 10−6 C separated by a distance
N
2 cm. Dipole is placed in an external field of 10 × 105 . Maximum torque on the dipole is NCERT Pg. 27
C
−3 −3 −3 −3
(a) 0.2 × 10 N − m (b) 1.0 × 10 N − m (c) 20 × 10 N − m (d) 4 × 10 N − m
N
68. An electric dipole is placed at an angle 60∘ with an electric field of strength 4 × 105 . It experiences a torque
C
equal to 8√3 Nm. Calculate the charge on the dipole, if dipole is of length 4 cm. NCERT Pg. 27
(a) 10−1 C (b) 10−2 C (c) 10−3 C (d) 10−4 C

Continuous Charge Distribution

69. A uniformly charged conducting sphere of 4.4 m diameter has a surface charge density of 80𝜇Cm−2. The
charge (in 10−3 C ) on the sphere is NCERT Pg. 28
(a) 8.6 (b) 4.9 (c) 5.7 (d) 3.7
70. A positive charge 𝑄 is uniformly distributed along a circular ring of radius 𝑅. A small test charge 𝑞 is placed
at the centre of the ring as shown in figure. Then, NCERT Pg. 28

a) if 𝑞 > 0, and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will be pushed back towards the
centre
b) if 𝑞 < 0 and is displaced away from the centre in the plane of the ring, it will never return to the centre and
will continue moving till it hits the ring
c) if 𝑞 < 0 it will perform 𝑆𝐻𝑀 for small displacement along the axis
d) All of the above
71. A metallic spherical shell has an inner radius 𝑅1 and outer radius 𝑅2 . A charge is placed at the centre of the
spherical cavity. The surface charge density on the inner surface is NCERT Pg. 28

9 −9 𝑞2 9
(a) 4𝜋𝑅2 (b) 4𝜋𝑅2 (c) 4𝜋𝑅2 (d) 4𝜋𝑅2
1 1 2 2

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72. The linear charge density of a rod of length 3 m is 𝜆 = (3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2)𝐶/𝑚, where 𝑥 is the distance from one
end of the rod. The total charge present on the rod is NCERT Pg. 28
(a) 39.5C (b) 42.5C (c) 55.5C (d) 60C
73. Two non-conducting solid spheres of radii 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 and carrying uniform volume charge densities +𝜌 and
−𝜌 respectively are placed such that they partially overlap as shown in the figure. At all points in the
overlapping region, NCERT Pg. 28

(a) the electrostatic field is zero (b) the electrostatic potential is constant
(c) the electrostatic field is constant in magnitude (d) None of the above

Gauss’s Law
74. Consider the charge configuration and spherical Gaussian surface as shown in the figure. When calculating
the flux of the electric field over the spherical surface, the electric field will be due to NCERT Pg. 29

(a) 𝑞2 (b) only the positive charges

(c) all the charges (d) +𝑞1 and −𝑞1
75. If ∫𝑆 𝐄 ⋅ 𝑑𝐒 = 0 over a surface, then NCERT Pg. 29
(a) the electric field inside the surface and on it is zero
(b) the electric field inside the surface is necessarily uniform
(c) the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number of flux lines leaving it
(d) None of the above
76. Total electric flux coming out of a unit positive charge put in air is NCERT Pg. 29
(a) 𝜀0 (b) 𝜀0−1 (c) (4𝑝𝜀0 )−1 (d) 4𝜋𝜀0
77. If same charge 𝑞 is placed inside a sphere and cube having radius 1 m and side 2 m, respectively. What will
be the ratio of flux passing through them? NCERT Pg. 29
(a) 1: 1 (b) 1: 8 (c) 8: 1 (d) 1: 2
78. 8 dipoles of charges of magnitude 𝑒 each are placed inside a cube. Total electric flux coming out of the cube
will be NCERT Pg. 29
8𝑒 16𝑒 𝑒
(a) (b) (c) (d) zero
𝜀0 𝜀0 𝜀0
79. Refer to the arrangement of charges in figure and a Gaussian surface of radius 𝑅 with 𝑄 at the centre, then

−𝑄
(a) total flux through the surface of the sphere is NCERT Pg. 29
𝜀0

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−𝑄
(b) field on the surface of the sphere is
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2
5𝑄
(c) flux through the surface of sphere due to 5𝑄 is − 𝜀
0
(d) field on the surface of sphere due to −2𝑄 is same everywhere
80. Shown in the figure is a shell made of a conductor. It has inner radius 𝑎 and outer radius 𝑏 and carries
charge 𝑄. At its centre is a dipole p as shown. In this case, NCERT Pg. 29

𝑄
( )
2
(a) surface charge density on the inner surface is uniform and equal to 4𝜋𝑎 2
(b) electric field outside the shell is the same as that of a point charge at the centre of the shell
(c) surface charge density on the outer surface depends on |𝐩|
(d) surface charge density on the inner surface of the shell is zero everywhere
81. The electric flux through a Gaussian surface 𝐴 that encloses the charged particles in free space is
[Given 𝑞1 = −14nC, 𝑞2 = 78.85𝑛𝐶, 𝑞3 = −56𝑛𝐶 ] NCERT Pg. 29

(a) 103 N − m2 C −1 (b) 103 CN−1 m2

(c) 6.32 × 103 N − m2 C−1 (d) 6.32 × 103 . CN −1 m2
82. A hollow cylinder has a charge 𝑞 coulomb within it. If 𝜙 is the electric flux in units of volt-metre associated
with the curved surface 𝐵, flux linked with the plane surface 𝐴 in units of volt-metre will be NCERT Pg. 29

1 𝑞 9 𝜙 𝑞
(a) 2 (𝜀 − 𝜙) (b) 2𝜀 (c) 3
(d) 𝜀 − 𝜙
0 0 0

Applications of Gauss’s Law

83. Two infinite plane parallel sheets separated by a distance 𝑑 have equal and opposite uniform charge
densities 𝜎. Electric field at a point between the sheets, is NCERT Pg. 33
𝜎
(a) zero (b)
𝜀0
𝜎
(c) 2𝜀 (d) depends upon the location of the point
0

84. Two large, thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have
surface charge densities of opposite signs and of magnitude 17.0 × 10−22 Cm−2 . What is 𝐸 in the outer region
of the first plate? NCERT Pg. 33
(a) 17 × 10−22 N/C (b) 1.5 × 10−15 N/C (c) 1.9 × 10−10 N/C (d) Zero

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85. A hollow charged sphere of radius 𝑅 has a constant surface charge density 𝜎. Of the following graphs the
one which shows the variation of the electric field strength 𝐸 with distance 𝑋 from the centre of the sphere is
NCERT Pg. 33

(a) (b) (c) (d)

86. The electric field intensity at a point located at distance 𝑟(𝑟 < 𝑅) from the centre of a hollow spherical
conductor (radius 𝑅 ) having charged 𝑄 will be NCERT Pg. 33
𝑘𝑄𝑅 𝑘𝑄𝑟 𝑘𝑄
(a) 𝑟3 (b) 𝑅3 (c) 𝑟2 (d) zero
87. A non-conducting sphere of radius 𝑅 is uniformly charged. The electric field due to sphere at a distance
𝑟(𝑟 < 𝑅) from the centre is related to 𝑟 as NCERT Pg. 33
1 1
(a) 𝐸 = 0 (b) 𝐸 ∝ 2 (c) 𝐸 ∝ (d) 𝐸 ∝ 𝑟
𝑟 𝑟
88. Three parallel infinite line charges with linear charge densities +𝜆, +2𝜆 and −𝜆 are placed in a plane as
shown in the figure. What is the electric field at point 𝑃 ? NCERT Pg. 33

2𝑘𝜆 4𝑘𝜆 8𝑘𝜆 40𝑘𝜆

(a) 𝑟 (b) 𝑟 (c) 3𝑟 (d) 3𝑟
89. A sphere of radius 𝑅 has a uniform distribution of electric charge (𝑞) in its volume. At a distance 𝑥 from its
𝑅
centre, the electric field (⁡ at 𝑥 = ) will be NCERT Pg. 33
2
9 9 3𝑞
(a) 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2
(b) 8𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2
(c) 4𝜋𝜀 3 (d) zero.
0𝑅
90. Two parallel infinite line charges +𝜆 and −𝜆 are placed with a separation distance 𝑅 in free space. The net
electric field exactly mid-way between the two line charges is NCERT Pg. 33
2𝜆 𝜆 𝜆
(a) zero (b) 𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (c) 𝜋𝜀 𝑅 (d) 2𝜋𝜀 𝑅
0 0 0
𝟗𝟏. A rod of length 2.4 m and radius 4.6 mm carries a negative charge of 4.2 × 10−7 C spread uniformly over its
surface. Electric field (in 105 NC −1 ) near the mid-point of the rod, at a point on its surface is NCERT Pg. 33
(a) -8.6 (b) 8.6 (c) -6.7 (d) 4.7
92. A charged ball 𝐵 hangs from a silk thread 𝑆, which makes an angle 𝜃 with a large charged conducting sheet
𝑃 as shown in the figure. The surface charge density of the sheet is proportional to NCERT Pg. 33

(a) cos⁡ 𝜃 (b) cot⁡ 𝜃 (c) sin⁡ 𝜃 (d) tan⁡ 𝜃

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93. Two large thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have
surface charge densities of opposite signs & magnitude 27 × 10−22 Cm−2. Electric field 𝐄 (in 10−10 NC −1 ) in
region II in between the plates is NCERT Pg. 34

III
(a) 4.25 (b) 6.28 (c) 3.05 (d) 5.03
94. A non-conducting sphere of radius 𝑎 has a net charge +𝑞 uniformly distributed throughout its volume. A
spherical conducting shell having inner and outer radii 𝑏 and 𝑐 and net charge −𝑞 is concentric with the
sphere (see the figure). Read the following statements. NCERT Pg. 35

1 𝑞𝑟
(i) The electric field at a distance 𝑟 from the centre of the sphere for 𝑟 < 𝑎 is .
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 3
(ii) The electric field at distance 𝑟 for 𝑎 < 𝑟 < 𝑏 is 0 .
(iii) The electric field at distance 𝑟 for 𝑏 < 𝑟 < 𝑐 is 0 .
(iv) The charge on the inner surface of the spherical shell is −𝑞.
(v) The charge on the outer surface of the spherical shell is +𝑞.
Which of the above statements are true?
(a) (i), (ii) and (v) (b) (i), (iii) and (iv) (c) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (d) (ii), (iii) and ( 𝑣 )
95. Consider a thin spherical shell of radius 𝑅 consisting of uniform surface charge density 𝜎. The electric field
at a point outside the shell at a distance 𝑥 from its centre is NCERT Pg. 35
(a) inversely proportional to 𝜎 (b) directly proportional to 𝑥 2
(c) directly proportional to 𝑅 (d) inversely proportional to 𝑥 2

A SSERTION & R EASON Q UESTION S CH 1

Direction (Q. Nos. 1-10) In the following questions, a statement of Assertion is followed by a corresponding statement of
Reason. Of the following statements, choose the correct one.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
1. Assertion When we produce charge 𝑞1 on a body by rubbing it against another body which gets a charge 𝑞2
in the process, then 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 0. NCERT Pg. 4
Reason Charge on an isolated system remains constant.
2. Assertion At macroscopic level, quantisation of charge has no practical consequence and can be ignored.
Reason 1𝜇C charge contains 1013 times electronic charge 𝑒 approximately. NCERT Pg. 4
3. Assertion Charge on a body can be increased or decreased in terms of electronic charge 𝑒. NCERT Pg. 4
Reason Charge on a body is integral multiple of electronic charge 𝑒, this is called quantisation of charge.
4. Assertion When bodies are charged through friction, there is a transfer of electric charge from one body to
another, but no creation or destruction of charge take place. NCERT Pg. 4
Reason This follows from conservation of electric charges.
5. Assertion Coulomb force and gravitational force follow the same inverse-square law. NCERT Pg. 6
Reason Both laws are same in all aspect.

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6. Assertion A positive point charge initially at rest in a uniform electric field starts moving along electric lines
of force. (Neglect all other forces except electric forces.) NCERT Pg. 14
Reason A point charge released from rest in an electric field always moves along the line of force.
7. Assertion In a uniform electric field electron move in the opposite direction of electric field. NCERT Pg. 14
Reason This is because of the negative charge of an electron.
8. Assertion If an electric dipole of dipole moment 30 × 10−5 C − m is enclosed by a closed surface, the net
flux coming out of the surface will be zero. NCERT Pg. 29
Reason Electric dipole consists of two equal and opposite charges.
9. Assertion Upon displacement of charges within a closed surface, 𝐄 at any point on the surface does not
change. NCERT Pg. 29
Reason The flux crossing through a closed surface is independent of the location of charge within the
surface.
10. Assertion E in outside vicinity of a conductor depends only on the local charge density 𝜎 and it is independent
of the other charges present anywhere on the conductor. NCERT Pg. 33
𝜎
Reason E in outside vicinity of a conductor is given by 𝜀 .
0

S TATEMENT B ASED Q UESTIONA S CH 1

Direction (Q. Nos. 1-8) In the following questions, two statements (I and II) are given. In the light of the given
statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.
(b) Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.
(c) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.
(d) Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
1. Statement I When bodies are charged by rubbing, there is a transfer of electrons from one body to other, no
new charges are created nor destroyed. NCERT Pg. 1
Statement II When a neutron turns into a proton and an electron. The proton and electron thus created have
equal and opposite charges and the total charge is zero, before and after the creation.
2. Statement I If a system contains two point charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 , the total charge of the system is obtained simply
by adding algebraically 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 , e.g. ( -2 units charge) +(6 units charge ) = 4 units charge. NCERT Pg. 4
Statement II Total charge of a system having charges to value -2 units and +6 units is 8 units charge.
3. Statement I The charge 𝑞 on a body is always given by 𝑞 = 𝑛𝑒, where 𝑛 is any integer, positive or negative.
Statement II By convention, the charge on an electron is taken to be negative. NCERT Pg. 4
4. Statement I Magnitude of electric field at a point decreases inversely as square of distance of that point from
the charge. NCERT Pg. 14
Statement II Away from charge field gets weaker and density of field lines is less, resulting in well separated
lines.
5. Statement I A point charge is brought in an electric field, the field at a nearby point will increase or decrease,
depending on the nature of charge. NCERT Pg. 19
Statement II The electric field is independent of the nature of charge.
6. Statement I No two electric lines of force can intersect each other. NCERT.Pg. 21
Statement II Tangent at any point of electric line of force gives the direction of electric field.
7. Statement I On bringing a positively charged rod near the uncharged conductor, the conductor gets attracted
towards the rod. NCERT Pg. 21
Statement II The electric field lines of the charged rod are perpendicular to the surface of conductor.
8. Statement I A metallic shield in form of a hollow shell may be built to block electric field. NCERT Pg. 29
Statement II In a hollow spherical shield, the electric field inside it is zero at every point.

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M ATCHING T YPE Q UESTION S CH 1

1. Match the Column I (charge) with Column II (property), select the correct answer from the options given
below. NCERT Pg. 1
Column 1 Column II
A. Like charges 1. of two types
B. Unlike charges 2. repel each other
C. Charge can be 3. attract each other
D. Charges are 4. neutralised, if they are equal and opposite
Codes
𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐃 𝐀 𝐁 𝐂 𝐃
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 4 1 3 2 (d) 2 3 1 4
2. Match the Column I (type of body) with Column II (electric field) and select the correct answer from the
options given below. NCERT Pg. 33
Column I Column II
A. Infinite plane sheet of uniform charge density 1. 0
B. Infinite plane sheet of uniform thickness 2. 𝜎/2𝜀0
C. Non-conducting charged solid sphere at its surface 3. 𝑅𝜌/3𝜀0
D. Conducting charged solid sphere at its centre 4. 𝜎/𝜀0
A B C D A B C D
(a) 2 4 3 1 (b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 1 4 2 3 (d) 2 1 4 3
3. Match the Column I (electric lines of force) with Column II (types of charge) and select the correct answer
from the options given below. NCERT Pg. 19
Column 1 Column II
1. A pair of equal and opposite charges of two types

A.
2. A Pair of positive Charges

B.
3. A single positive Charge

C.
4. A single negative charge

D.

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Codes
𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶 𝐷
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 3 4 1 2 (d) 3 4 2 1

N UMERICAL T YPE Q UESTIONS CH 1

1. Two particles of same mass of 10 g and charge 2 × 10−7 C are placed on a horizontal table with a separation
of 𝐿 between them such that they stay in limited equilibrium. If the coefficient of friction between each
particle and table is 0.25 , then the value of 𝐿 is_____cm. (Take, 𝑔 = 10 m/s2 ) NCERT Pg. 6
2. A cubical volume is bounded by the surfaces 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 𝑎, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 𝑎, 𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 = 𝑎.
The electric field in the region is given by 𝐄 = 𝐸0 𝑥𝐢ˆ. where, 𝐸0 = 6 × 104 NC −1 m−1. If 𝑎 = 2 cm, the charge
contained in the cubical volume is 𝑄 × 10−14 C. The value of 𝑄 is________
(Take, 𝜀0 = 9 × 10−12 C 2 /N − m2 ) NCERT Pg. 29
3. The electric field strength in air at NTP is 3 × 106 V/m. The maximum charge that can be given to a
spherical conductor of radius 3 m is 𝑥 × 10−3 C, the value of 𝑥 is_____ NCERT Pg. 14
4. A square of side 10 cm is placed parallel to 𝑌𝑍-plane in a uniform electric field of field intensity 5 × 103 𝐢ˆN/C.
If the square is changed to an angle of 30∘ with 𝑋-axis, the flux is given by_____N − m2 /C NCERT Pg. 21
5. 3 charges of 10𝜇C, −10𝜇C and 5𝜇C are placed in the form of equilateral triangle 𝐴𝐵𝐶, having each side equal
to 5 cm. Resultant force on the charge at 𝐴 is____𝑁. (5𝜇𝐶 charge is placed at point 𝐴.) NCERT Pg. 6
6. The forced experienced by a unit charge when placed at a distance of 10 m from the middle of an electric
dipole on its axial line is 2.5 N/C. When it is placed at a distance of 20 m, then the force is reduced to
0.2 N/C. The length of dipole is________m. NCERT Pg. 23
7. A uniform electric field 𝐸 = (4 m/e)V/m is created between two parallel plates of length 2 m as shown in
figure, (where, 𝑚 = mass of electron and 𝑒 = charge of electron). An electron enters the field symmetrically
between the plates with a speed of 2 m/s. The angle of the deviation 𝜃 of the path of the electron as it comes
out of the field will be tan−1 ⁡(𝑥). The value of 𝑥 is__________ NCERT Pg. 14

8. An infinite number of charges each equal to 𝑞 are placed only on 𝑋-axis at 𝑥 = 1, 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 = 8 and so
𝑞
on. The electric field at point 𝑥 = 0 due to this set up is given by , the value of 𝑥 is_____ NCERT Pg. 14
𝑥𝜋𝜀0
9. Four charges equal to −𝑄 are placed at the four corners of a square and a charge 𝑞 is at its centre. If the
𝑄
system is in equilibrium, then the value of 𝑞 is 𝑥 (1 + √2𝑥). The value of 𝑥 is______ NCERT Pg. 6
10. Two identical conducting spheres with negligible volume have 2nC and −1nC charges, respectively. They are
brought into contact and then separated by a distance of 0.6 m. The electrostatic force acting between the
1
spheres is_______________× 10−9 N. [Given, 4𝜋𝜀0 = SI unit] NCERT Pg. 6
9×109

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NCERT E XEMPLAR Q UESTIONS CH 1

1. In figure, two positive charges 𝑞2 and 𝑞3 are fixed along the 𝑌-axis, exert a net electric force in the positive
𝑥-direction on a charge 𝑞1 fixed along the 𝑋-axis. If a positive charge 𝑄 is added at (𝑥, 0), the force on 𝑞1

(a) shall increase along the positive 𝑋-axis

(b) shall decrease along the positive 𝑋-axis
(c) shall point along the negative 𝑋-axis
(d) shall increase but the direction changes because of the intersection of 𝑄. with 𝑞2 and 𝑞3
2. A positive point charge is brought near an isolated conducting sphere (figure). The best representation of
electric field is given by

(a) (b) (c) (d)

3. The electric flux through the surface

(a) in Fig. (iv) is the largest

(b) in Fig. (iii) is the least
(c) in Fig. (ii) is same as Fig. (iii) but is smaller than Fig. (iv)
(d) is the same for all the figures
4. A metallic spherical shell has an inner radius 𝑅1 and outer radius 𝑅2 . A charge 𝑄 is placed at the centre of
the spherical cavity. What will be surface charge density on the outer surface?
−𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 −𝑄
(a) 4𝜋𝑅2 (b) 4𝜋𝑅2 (c) 4𝜋𝑅2 (d) 4𝜋𝑅2
1 1 2 2
5. What will be the total flux through the faces of the cube as given in the figure with side of length 𝑎, if a
charge 𝑞 is placed at 𝐵, mid-point of an edge of the cube?

𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 9
(a) 8𝜀 (b) 3𝜀 (c) 4𝜀 (d) 2𝜀
0 0 0 0
6. Two charges 𝑞 and −3𝑞 are placed fixed on 𝑋-axis separated by distance 𝑑. Where should a third charge 2𝑞
be placed such that it will not experience any force?
𝑑 𝑑
(a) 3 (1 + √3) to the right of 𝑞 (b) 3 (1 + √3) to the left of 𝑞
𝑑 𝑑
(c) 2 (1 + √3) to the left of 𝑞 (d) 2 (1 + √3) to the right of 𝑞

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7. A point charge +𝑞 is placed at a distance 𝑑 from an isolated conducting plane. The field at a point 𝑃 on the
other side of the plane is
(a) directed perpendicular to the plane and away from the plane
(b) directed perpendicular to the plane but towards the plane
(c) directed radially away from the point charge
(d) directed radially towards the point charge

P AST E XAMS Q UESTIONS CH 1

NEET
1. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30∘ with an electric field of intensity 2 × 105 NC −1 . It experiences a
torque equal to 4 N − m. Calculate the magnitude of charge on the dipole, if the dipole length is 2 cm.
(a) 6mC (b) 4mC NCERT Pg. 27, NEET 2023
(c) 2mC (d) 8mC
2. Polar molecules are the molecules NCERT Pg. 23, NEET 2021
(a) having zero dipole moment
(b) acquire a dipole moment only in the presence of electric field due to displacement of charges
(c) acquire a dipole moment only when magnetic field is absent
(d) having a permanent electric dipole moment
3. A spherical conductor of radius 10 cm has a charge of 3.2 × 10−7 C distributed uniformly. What is the
magnitude of electric field at a point 15 cm from the centre of the sphere? NCERT.Pg. 33, NEET (Sep.) 2020
1
( = 9 × 109 N − m2 /C2 )
4𝜋𝜀0
(a) 128 × 105 N/C (b) 128 × 106 N/C (c) 1.28 × 107 N/C (d) 128 × 104 N/C
4. The electric field at a point on the equatorial plane at a distance 𝑟 from the centre of a dipole having dipole
moment 𝐩 is given by ( 𝑟 > separation of two charges forming the dipole, 𝜀0 = permittivity of free space)
𝐩 2𝐩
(a) 𝐄 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟3 (b) 𝐄 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟3 NCERT Pg. 23, NEET (Oct.) 2020
0 0
𝐩 𝐩
(c) 𝐄 = − 4𝜋𝜀 2 (d) 𝐄 = − 4𝜋𝜀 3
0𝑟 0𝑟
−6
5. A sphere encloses an electric dipole with charge ±3 × 10 C. What is the total electric flux across the
sphere? NCERT Pg. 29, NEET (Odisha) 2019
(a) −3 × 10−6 N − m2 /C (b) Zero
(c) 3 × 106 N − m2 /C (d) 6 × 10−6 N − m2 /C
6. A hollow metal sphere of radius 𝑅 is uniformly charged. The electric field due to the sphere at a distance 𝑟
from the centre NCERT Pg. 33, NEET (National) 2019
(a) zero as 𝑟 increases for 𝑟 < 𝑅, decreases as 𝑟 increases for 𝑟 > 𝑅
(b) zero as 𝑟 increases for 𝑟 < 𝑅, increases as 𝑟 increases for 𝑟 > 𝑅
(c) decreases as 𝑟 increases for 𝑟 < 𝑅 and for 𝑟 > 𝑅
(d) increases as 𝑟 increases for 𝑟 < 𝑅 and for 𝑟 > 𝑅
7. Suppose the charge of a proton and an electron differ slightly. One of them is 𝑒 and the other is ( 𝑒 + Δ𝑒 ). If
the net of electrostatic force and gravitational force between two hydrogen atoms placed at a distance 𝑑
(much greater than atomic size) apart is zero, then Δ𝑒 is of the order (Given, mass of hydrogen,
𝑚ℎ = 1.67 × 10−27 kg) NCERT Pg. 6, NEET 2017
(a) 10−20 C (b) 10−23 C (c) 10−37 C (d) 10−47 C
8. Two identical charged spheres suspended from a common point by two massless strings of lengths 𝑙, are
initially at a distance 𝑑(𝑑 << 𝑙) apart because of their mutual repulsion. The charges begin to leak from both
the spheres at a constant rate. As a result, the spheres approach each other with a velocity 𝑣. Then, 𝑣 varies
as a function of the distance 𝑥 between the sphere, as NCERT Pg. 6, NEET 2016
(a) 𝑣 ∝ 𝑥 (b) 𝑣 ∝ 𝑥 −1/2 (c) 𝑣 ∝ 𝑥 −1 (d) 𝑣 ∝ 𝑥 1/2

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 20

JEE Main
9. A point charge of 10𝜇C is placed at the origin. At what location on the 𝑋-axis should a point charge of 40𝜇C be
placed, so that the net electric field is zero at 𝑥 = 2 cm on the 𝑋-axis ? NCERT Pg. 14, JEE Main 2023
(a) 𝑥 = 8 cm (b) 𝑥 = −4 cm (c) 𝑥 = 4 cm (d) 𝑥 = 6 cm
10. Let 𝜎 be the uniform surface charge density of two infinite thin plane sheets shown in figure. Then, the
electric fields in three different region 𝐸1 , 𝐸∥ and 𝐸∣11 are NCERT Pg. 33, JEE Main 2023

𝜎 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
(a) 𝐄1 = − 𝑛ˆ𝐄∥ = 0, 𝐄∣𝐼 = 𝐧ˆ (b) 𝐄1 = 𝐧ˆ𝐄11 = 0, 𝐄11 = 𝐧ˆ
𝜀0 𝜀0 2𝜀0 2𝜀0
𝜎 2𝜎 2𝜎
(c) 𝐄1 = 0, 𝐄∣1 = 𝜀 𝐧ˆ, 𝐄∣𝐼 = 0 (d) 𝐄1 = 𝜀0
𝐧ˆ𝐄11 = 0, 𝐄11 = 𝜀 𝒏ˆ
0 0
11. Find the electric field at point 𝑃 (as shown in figure) on the perpendicular bisector of a uniformly charged thin
√3
wire of length 𝐿 carrying a charge 𝑄. The distance of the point 𝑃 from the centre of the rod is 𝑎 = 𝐿.
2

√3𝑄 𝑄
(a) 4𝜋𝜀 2 (b) 3𝜋𝜀 2 NCERT Pg. 14, JEE Main 2021
0𝐿 0𝐿
𝑄 𝑄
(c) 2√3𝜋𝜀0 𝐿2
(d) 4𝜋𝜀 2
0𝐿
10−6 C
12. An electric dipole is placed on 𝑋-axis in proximity to a line charge of linear charge density 3.0 × m . Line
charge is placed on 𝑍-axis, positive and negative charge of dipole is at a distance of 10 mm and 12 mm from
the origin, respectively. If total force of 4 N is exerted on the dipole, find out the amount of positive or
negative charge of the dipole. NCERT Pg. 33, JEE Main 2021
(a) 815.1nC (b) 8.8𝜇C (c) 0.485nC (d) 4.44𝜇C
13. What will be the magnitude of electric field at point 𝑂 as shown in figure? Each side of the figure is / and
perpendicular to each other. NCERT Pg. 14, JEE Main 2020

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 21

1 𝑞 1 9 𝑞 1 2𝑞
(a) 4𝜋𝜀 𝑙2
(b) 4𝜋𝜀 (2𝑙 2 )
(2√2 − 1) (c) 4𝜋𝜀 2 (d) 4𝜋𝜀 2𝑙 2
(√2)
0 0 0 (2𝑙) 0

S KILL B OOSTERS CH 1
1. A glass rod rubbed with fur is used to charge a gold leaf electroscope and the leaves are observed to
diverge. The electroscope disc is then exposed to 𝑋-rays for a short period. Then,
(a) the divergence of leaves is not affected (b) the leaves diverge further
(c) the leaves will collapse (d) the leaves will melt
2. A foreigner student who grow up in a tropical country but is studying in United States may not have
experience with static electricity sparks or shocks. The student most probably gets his/her first shock in
(a) during a thunderstorm (b) while having a stroll in rain
(c) in summer (d) in winter
3. A ring of radius 0.1 m is made of thin metallic wire of area of cross-section 10−6 m2 . The ring has a uniform
charge of 𝜋 coulomb. Young's modulus of metal of wire is 2 × 1011 N/m2 and 𝐸0−1 = 36𝜋 × 109 Vm/ As.
When a charge of 10−8 C is placed at the centre of the ring, then
(a) tenm0sion in the wire is 4.5 × 104 N (b) tension in the wire is 4.5 × 105 N
−3
(c) change in radius is 2.25 × 10 m (d) change in radius is 2.25 × 10−5 m
4. Two small metal sphere having equal charge and mass are suspended from some point on the ceiling of a
damp room with silk threads of equal length. Let centre to centre distance between sphere be 𝑥, 𝑥 << 𝑙, 𝑙 is
length of silk thread. Due to ionisation of medium, charge leaks off from each sphere and they keep on
coming closer to each other at a constant rate. Let their approach velocity 𝑣 varies as 𝑣 ∝ 𝑥 −1/2 . If mass of
𝑑𝑞 𝑁 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑚𝑔
each sphere is 𝑚, then the rate at which charge varies with respect to time is ∝ √
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑙
Value of 𝑁 is
(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 3 (d) 11
5. A charged dust particle of radius 5 × 10−7 m is moving in a horizontal electric field of intensity
6.28 × 105 V/m. The surrounding medium is air with coefficient of viscosity 𝜂 = 1.6 × 10−5 N − s/m2. If this
particle is moving with a uniform horizontal speed of 0.02 m/s, then number of excess electrons on the drop
are
(a) 30 (b) 18 (c) 60 (d) 15
3
6. A uniform field of 10 V/m is maintained between two very long plates with a separation of 2 cm. A particle
of mass 1.6 × 10−30 kg with a charge of −1.6 × 10−19 C is projected as shown.

Maximum velocity of projection for which electron does not hit the upper plate is
(a) 2 × 106 m/s2 (b) 1.5 × 106 m/s2 (c) 1.3 × 105 m/s 2 (d) 2.7 × 105 m/s2

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7. A linear charge having linear charge density 𝜆, penetrates a cube diagonally and then it penetrates a sphere
diametrically as

The ratio of flux through cube and through sphere is

1 √3
(a) (b) √2 (c) (d) 1
√2 2
8. 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 are two hollow concentric spheres with charges 𝑞 and 2𝑞. Space between 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 is filled with a
dielectric of dielectric constants.

The ratio of flux through 𝑆2 and flux through 𝑆1 is

(a) 10: 3 (b) 9: 11 (c) 8: 7 (d) 11: 1
9. Two large circular discs separated by a distance of 0.01 m are connected to a battery via a switch as shown
in the figure. Charged oil drops of density 900kgm−3 are released through a tiny hole at the centre of the top
disc. Once some oil drops achieve terminal velocity, the switch is closed to apply a voltage of 200 V across
the discs. As a result, an oil drop of radius 8 × 10−7 m stops moving vertically and floats between the discs.
The number of electrons present in this oil drop is (Neglect the buoyancy force, take acceleration due to
gravity = 10 ms−2 and charge on an electron (e) = 1.6 × 10−19 O )

(a) 6 (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 8

10. A charge 𝑄 is distributed uniformly on a ring of radius 𝑟. Consider the sphere of equal radius 𝑟 with its centre
at the periphery of the ring. Find the flux of the electric field through the surface of the sphere.

𝑄 𝑄 𝑄 𝑄
(a) 4𝜀 (b) 6𝜀 (c) 3𝜀 (d) 2𝜀
0 0 0 0

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C ORREC T C ODES CH 1
Topical Questions

1 (a) 2 (b) 3 (b) 4 (d) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (b) 9 (a) 10 (b)
11 (b) 12 (d) 13 (b) 14 (b) 15 (c) 16 (b) 17 (c) 18 (b) 19 (a) 20 (b)
21 (c) 22 (b) 23 (b) 24 (a) 25 (a) 26 (d) 27 (b) 28 (b) 29 (c) 30 (b)
31 (b) 32 (c) 33 (d) 34 (c) 35 (c) 36 (b) 37 (b) 38 (b) 39 (b) 40 (c)
41 (c) 42 (d) 43 (a) 44 (b) 45 (c) 46 (c) 47 (d) 48 (a) 49 (c) 50 (d)
51 (d) 52 (d) 53 (c) 54 (a) 55 (b) 56 (a) 57 (c) 58 (c) 59 (d) 60 (a)
61 (c) 62 (b) 63 (c) 64 (d) 65 (a) 66 (a) 67 (c) 68 (c) 69 (b) 70 (d)
71 (b) 72 (c) 73 (c) 74 (c) 75 (c) 76 (b) 77 (a) 78 (d) 79 (a) 80 (b)
81 (a) 82 (a) 83 (b) 84 (d) 85 (b) 86 (d) 87 (d) 88 (d) 89 (b) 90 (b)
91 (c) 92 (d) 93 (c) 94 (b) 95 (d)

Assertion & Reason Questions

1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (a) 8 (a) 9 (d) 10 (d)

Statement based Questions

1 (d) 2 (b) 3 (d) 4 (d) 5 (b) 6 (d) 7 (d) 8 (d)

Matching Type Questions

1 (d) 2 (a) 3 (d)

Numerical Type Questions

1 (12) 2 (425) 3 (3) 4 (25) 5 (180) 6 (5) 7 (2) 8 (3) 9 (4) 10 (6.25)

NCERT Exemplar Questions

1 (a) 2 (a) 3 (d) 4 (c) 5 (c) 6 (c) 7 (a)

Past Exams Questions

1 (c) 2 (d) 3 (a) 4 (a) 5 (b) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (b) 9 (d) 10 (a)

11 (c) 12 (d) 13 (b)

Skill Boosters

1 (b) 2 (d) 3 (c) 4 (c) 5 (a) 6 (a) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9 (a) 10 (c)

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 24

S TEP BY S TEP D ECODING CH 1

Concept Builders
1. Decreases
2. True ( 𝑇 )
3. Point
4. True (T)
5. True (T)
6. Quantisation of charges
7. 9 × 109 N
8. Different
9. Directly
10. intensity, potential
1 𝑛 𝑞
11. E(𝑟) = 4𝜋𝜀 ∑ ⬚𝑖=1 𝑟2𝑖 𝑟ˆ𝑖𝑝
0 𝑖𝑝
12. True ( 𝑇 )
13. True ( 𝑇 )
14. Twice
15. Zero
16. Parallel
17. False ( 𝐹 )
18. False ( 𝐹 )
𝑞
19.
24𝜀0
20. surface

Topical Questions
3 (b) When a soap bubble is given a negative charge, then the charges will repel each other. Hence, its radius
increases.

5 (c) During the motion of the carriers, its body gets charged because of rubbing with dry air and dust particle of
the atmosphere. Due to this excess charge, the possibility of generation of spark increases and the inflammable
material may catch fire.
In order to prevent this, metallic ropes are suspended from the carrier to keep its body in the contact with earth.
11 (b) If a sphere having charge 𝑞 is put in contact with an identical uncharged sphere, then the charge 𝑞 would
get redistributed such that overall charge on the system remains conserved.
Also, by symmetry we can say that, charge on each sphere would be 9/2
𝑞 1
12 (d) 1 coulomb of charge is made of 𝑛 = 𝑒 = 1.6×10−19 = 6.25 × 1018 electrons
6.25×1018
∴ Time required = 109
s = 6.25 × 109 𝑠 ≈ 198yr
𝑞 2.4C
13 (b) Number of electrons, to be removed from silver dollar, 𝑛 = 𝑒 = 1.6×10−19 C = 1.5 × 1019
14 (b) Here, number of electrons removed = number of atoms in 1 g

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 25

4×1020
or 𝑛 = 103 = 4 × 1017
∴ Charge, 𝑞 = 𝑛𝑒 = 4 × 1017 × 1.6 × 10−19 = 6.4 × 10−2 C
1 𝑞(𝑄−𝑞)
15 (c) Electrostatic force of repulsion between change 𝑞 & (𝑄 − 𝑞) at separation 𝑟 is given by𝐹 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
𝑑𝐹
If 𝐹 is maximum, then 𝑑𝑞 = 0
𝑑 1 𝑞𝑄 − 𝑞 2
i.e. ( )=0
𝑑𝑞 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
⇒ ⁡𝑄 = +2𝑞
16 (b) If the two charges are placed in contact with each other and then separated, charges on them will be
redistributed and net charge on them will be the difference of two, i.e. ⁡𝑞net = |𝑞1 − 𝑞2 |/2
This net charge have same polarity, so after placing them at a distance 𝑑, they experience a force of
repulsion.
𝑄1 𝑄2 2×10−7 ×3×10−7
18 (b) Electrostatic force, 𝐹 = 𝑘 𝑟2
= 9 × 109 × (30×10−2 )2
= 6 × 10−3 N
1 𝑞1 𝑞2
19 (a) Force in air, 𝐹 = ⋅
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟2
1 𝑞1 𝑞2
⋅ 𝐹𝑚 ⁡=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝜀𝑟 𝑟 2
𝜀0 1 𝑞1 𝑞2
𝐹medium ⁡= ⋅
𝜀 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
𝜀0
⇒ 𝐹medium ⁡= 𝐹
𝜀
1 𝑞1 𝑞2 1 𝑞 𝑞
20 (b) The force between charges in air is 𝐹air = 4𝜋𝜀 ⋅ 𝑟2 and 𝐹medium = 4𝜋𝜀 𝐾 ⋅ 𝑟1 2 2
0 0
𝐹air 𝐾
⇒ =
𝐹medium 1
𝑞 𝑞
21 (c) Force exerted between two point charges in air, 𝐹 = 1 2 2
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
𝑞 𝑞
So, force exerted between two point charges in a medium of dielectric constant 𝐾 is 𝐹 ′ = 4𝜋𝜀 1𝐾(𝑟
2
′ )2
0
Given, ⁡𝐹 = 𝐹 ′
𝑞1 𝑞2 𝑞1 𝑞2
2
⁡⇒ ⁡
=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜀0 𝐾(𝑟 ′ )2
𝑟
⁡∴ ⁡𝑟 ′ =
√𝐾
−𝑘𝑒 2
22 (b) The electric force between an electron and proton at a distance 𝑟 is 𝐹𝑒 = 𝑟2
𝑚 𝑚
The corresponding gravitational force between electron and proton is 𝐹𝐺 = −𝐺 𝑝𝑟 2 𝑒
𝐹𝑒 𝑘𝑒 2 (9 × 109 )(1.6 × 10−19 )2
| |= = = 2.3 × 1039 ⇒ 𝐹𝐺 /𝐹𝑒 ≈ 10−39
𝐹𝐺 𝐺𝑚𝑝 𝑚𝑒 (6.67 × 10−11 )(9.1 × 10−31 )
𝑞 𝑞
23 (b) From Coulomb's law, 𝐹 = 1 2 2
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
𝑞1 𝑞2 (9 × 109 )(8 × 10−6 )(−20 × 10−6 )
∴ 𝑟2 = =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝐹 9
⇒ 𝑟 = 0.4 m
𝟐𝟒(𝒂)

𝑘𝑄𝑄 1 𝑄2
∴ Tension in each thread, i.e. 𝐹 = (2𝐿)2 = 4𝜋𝜀 2
0 (2𝐿)

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𝟐𝟓(𝒂)

𝑞
i.e. ⁡𝑞𝐴 = 𝑞𝐶 = 2
3𝑞
When 𝐶 is touched with 𝐵, total charge of 𝐵 and 𝐶 = 𝑞 + 𝑞/2 = 2
3𝑞
When 𝐵 and 𝐶 are separated, then charge is equally shared between them, i.e. 𝑞𝐵 = 𝑞𝐶 = 4
So, finally we have following situation

Given, 𝑞𝐴 = 𝑞𝐵 = 6.5 × 10−7 C and 𝑟 = 50 × 10−2 m

1 3
9×109 ×𝑞𝐴 𝑞𝐵 9×109 × × ×(6.5×10−7 )2
∴ New force of repulsion between 𝐴 and 𝐵 is 𝐹 = 𝑟2
= 2 4
(0.5)2
= 5.7 × 10−3 N
1 𝑞1 𝑞2 4𝜋 2 𝑚𝑟
2
26 (d) As, Coulomb's attraction = centripetal force ∴ 4𝜋𝜀0
⋅ 𝑟 2 = 𝑚𝑟𝜔 = 𝑇2
1/2
4𝜋2 𝑚𝑟 3
⇒ ⁡𝑇 = ( 𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2
)
27 (b) The given condition can be seen in the figure below

𝑄2
𝐹𝐵𝐴 = 𝐹𝐵𝐶 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎2
𝑄2 𝑄2
𝐹𝐵𝐷 = =
4𝜋𝜀0 (√2𝑎)2 4𝜋𝜀0 (2𝑎2 )
−𝑞𝑄 −2𝑞𝑄
𝐹𝐵𝑂 = 2 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑎2
𝑎 0
4𝜋𝜀0 ( )
√2
Therefore, the net force acting on −𝑄 at point 𝐵 will be zero,
i.e. 𝐹𝐵𝐴 cos⁡ 45∘ + 𝐹𝐵𝐶 ⋅ cos⁡ 45∘ + 𝐹𝐵𝐷 + 𝐹𝐵𝑂 = 0
𝑄
On solving, we get 𝑞 = 4 (1 + 2√2)
1 𝑞1 𝑞2
28 (b) From Coulomb's law, we have 𝐹 =
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑙 2
1 𝑞2
𝐹𝐴𝐵 = 𝐹𝐴𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜀 2 =𝐹
0 𝑙

2 2
⇒ 𝐹𝑅 = √𝐹𝐴𝐶 + 𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 2𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝐹𝐴𝐶 cos⁡ 60∘ = √3𝐹
1 𝑞2
F = √3
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑙 2

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𝟐𝟗(𝒄)

1
𝐹net = (√2 + ) 𝐹
2
[∴ 𝐹net = 𝐹 ′ + 𝐹𝐵𝐷 ; ⁡𝐹 ′ = √𝐹𝐵𝐴
2 2
+ 𝐹𝐵𝐶 ]
𝑘𝑞2 2√2+1 𝑞2
Here, 𝐹 = =( )
𝑎2 2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 2
𝑘𝑞 𝑞 𝑘𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
30 (b) According to given figure, 𝐹sin⁡ 𝜃 + 𝐹 ′ = 12 3 sin⁡ 𝜃 + 12 2 ∝ 22 + 32 sin⁡ 𝜃
𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎
𝑘𝑄 2
𝟑𝟏(𝒃) ∴ 𝐹 = 2
𝑎
𝐹net = √𝐹 2 + 𝐹 2 + 2𝐹 2 cos⁡ 60∘

√3𝑘𝑄 2
= √3𝐹 =
𝑎2
32 (c) Given, electric field, 𝐸 = 𝐴𝑎
A charge 𝑞 contained in a sphere of radius 𝑎 centred at the origin as shown below

1 𝑞
Here, radius,𝑟 = 𝑎 ∴ Electric field, 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 ⋅ 𝑎2
0
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), ⇒ ⁡𝑞 = 4𝜋𝜀0 𝐴𝑎3
33 (d) Forces on the bob are as shown below

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 28

For equilibrium, 𝑇cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔 and 𝑇sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑞𝐸

𝑞𝐸
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get tan⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔
⁡
5 × 10−6 × 2000 1
⇒ tan⁡ 𝜃⁡= = = 0.5 ⇒ ⁡𝜃 = tan−1 ⁡(0.5)
2 × 10−3 × 10 2
⁡
𝑒𝐸
34 (c) For electron, acceleration = 𝑚
𝑒
𝑒𝐸
𝑠= × 𝑡12
2𝑚𝑒
𝑒𝐸
Similarly for proton, 𝑠 = 2𝑚 × 𝑡22
𝑝
𝑡 𝑚 1/2
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get 𝑡2 = ( 𝑚𝑝 )
1 𝑒
𝑘𝑞1 (9×109 )×(10−8 )
35 (c) 𝐸1 = =
𝑟2 (0.05)2
𝑘𝑞2 (9 × 109 ) × (10−8 )
𝐸2 =
= = 3.6 × 104 NC−1
𝑟2 (0.05)2
The magnitude of the total electric field at 𝐴 is 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 = 7.2 × 104 NC−1
This 𝐄𝐴 is directed towards the right. Now, consider the following given figure

The magnitude of each electric field vector at point 𝐶, due to charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 is
(9 × 109 ) × (10−8 )
𝐸1′ = 𝐸2′ = = 9 × 103 NC−1
(0.1)2
𝜋 𝜋
The resultant of these two vectors is 𝐸𝐶 ⁡= 𝐸1′ cos⁡ 3 + 𝐸2′ cos⁡ 3
This 𝐄𝑐 points towards the right.
𝐸𝐴 7.2×104 8
Dividing Eq (i) by Eq. (ii), we get 𝐸𝐶
= 9×103
=1
36 (b)

where,
𝐸𝐴 = electric field at 𝑀 due to charge placed at 𝐴,
𝐸𝐵 = electric field at 𝑀 due to charge placed at 𝐵
and 𝐸𝐶 = electric field at 𝑀 due to charge placed at 𝐶.
As seen from figure |𝐄𝐵 | = |𝐄𝐴 |, so net electric field at 𝑀, 𝐄net = |𝐄c |, in the direction of vector 2 .

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37 (b)

So, the net electric field will be along bisector of angle 𝐴𝑂𝐵 which parallel to 𝐶𝐵.
1 1 1 1 𝑞 1
𝟑𝟖(𝒃) 𝑬 = 4𝜋𝜀0
⋅ 𝑞 [1 − 22 + 42 − 82 + ⋯ ] = 4𝜋𝜀 1 = 36 V/m
0 [1−(− )]
4
39 (b) 𝐸𝑅 = 𝐸1 − 𝐸2
R = 𝐸1 − 𝐸2
1 𝑞 1 1 1
= − ∮ ⁡⁡ ( )=
4𝜋𝜀0 1 4𝜋𝜀0 1 10𝜋𝜀0
1+4
1 9
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 2
𝐸 ( ) 1
40 (c) 𝐸1 = 1
√2
9 =2
2
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 2
( )
2
41 (c)

𝐄 = 𝐢ˆ + 𝐣ˆ
𝐸 = |𝐄| = √2 N/C
For equilibrium, 𝑇 cos 45∘ + 𝑞𝐸 sin 45∘ = 𝑚𝑔𝑇sin⁡ 45∘ = 𝑞𝐸cos⁡ 45∘ ⇒ ⁡𝑇 = 𝑞𝐸
𝑞𝐸cos⁡ 45∘ + 𝑞𝐸sin⁡ 45∘ = 𝑚𝑔
𝑞𝐸 𝑞𝐸
+ = 𝑚𝑔
√2 √2
√2𝑞𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔
20
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑞 = = 10𝐶
2
𝑞
42 (d) Linear charge density, 𝜆 = (𝜋𝑟)

𝜋 𝑘⋅𝑑𝑞 𝑞
E = ∫ ⁡ 𝑑𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃(−j) = ∫0 𝑟2
sin⁡ 𝜃(−j) = 2𝜋2 𝜀 2 (−j)
0𝑟
9.8×10−3
43 (a) 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑛𝑒𝐸 ⇒ ⁡𝑛 = 10−10 = 9.8 × 107
44 (b) Given, 𝑄1 = 4𝐶, 𝑄2 = 8𝐶

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1 𝑄
The electric field at a distance 𝑟 due to a point charge is 𝐸 = ⋅ ⇒𝐸∝𝑄
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
𝐸2 𝑄2
∴ = = 2 ⇒ 𝐸2 = 2𝐸1
𝐸1 𝑄1
45(c) Given, 𝐹 = 2.5 N, 𝑞 = 5 × 10−4 C
𝐹 2.5
∴ Electric field, 𝐸 = = = 0.5 × 104 = 5000 N/C
𝑞 5×10−4
ˆ
59 (d) Given, 𝑑𝑆 = 5𝑖ˆ, 𝐄 = 4𝐢ˆ + 4𝐣ˆ + 4𝐤
ˆ ) ⇒ 𝜙 = 20 unit
Electric flux is given by 𝜙 = 𝐄 ⋅ 𝑑𝐒 = (5𝐢) ⋅ (4𝐢ˆ + 4𝐣ˆ + 4𝐤
Flux through a surface is given by 𝜙 = 𝐄 ⋅ 𝐀 = (10𝐢ˆ + 3𝐣ˆ + 4𝐤 ˆ ) ⋅ (10𝐢ˆ) = 100 unit
61 (c)

𝑝net = √𝑝2 + 𝑝2 + 2𝑝 ⋅ 𝑝cos⁡ 60∘ = √3𝑝 = √3𝑞𝑙

As, resultant is directed along negative 𝑦-direction,

𝑝net = −√3𝐣ˆ = −√39/𝐣ˆ
2𝑝 2(2𝑎×𝑞)
63 (c) ∴ Electric field at a point 𝑃 on dipole axis is⁡𝐸𝑝 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟3 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟3
0 0
2(5 × 10−3 × 10 × 10−6 ) × (9 × 109 )
= = 2.6 × 105 𝑁𝐶 −1
(15 × 10−2 )3
𝑝 1 1
Now, electric field at a point 𝑄 on equatorial plane is 𝐸𝑄 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟3 = 2 𝐸𝑃 = 2 × 2.6 × 105 = 1.3 × 105 NC −1
0
1 2𝑝
64 (d) 𝐸 = ⋅ 3 (short dipole)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
𝐹1 = 𝑞0 𝐸1
1 2𝑝 𝐹
𝐹2 = 𝑞0 [ ⋅ ] =
4𝜋𝜀0 (2𝑟)3 8
66 (a) Net dipole moment,
𝑝net = √𝑝2 + 𝑝2 + 2𝑝2 cos⁡ 120∘
𝑝net = √𝑝2 + 𝑝2 − 𝑝2 = 𝑝
𝜏 = 𝑝net 𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃
⁡⇒ 𝜏 = 𝑝𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑝 × 𝐸 and it is
along positive 𝑍-axis.
67 (c) 𝜏 = 𝑝 ⋅ 𝐸(As, 𝜃 = 90∘ )
For maximum, 𝜏 = 𝑝 ⋅ 𝐸
𝜏 = 𝑞 × 2𝑎𝐸
⁡= 1 × 10−6 × 2 × 10−2 × 106 = 20 × 10−3 N − m

68 (c) 𝜏 = 𝑝 ⋅ 𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃
𝜏 = 𝑞 × 2𝑎𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑞 × (4 × 10−2 ) × 4 × 105 × sin⁡ 60∘

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⇒ 8√3 = 𝑞 × 4 × 10−2 × 4 × 105

⇒ ⁡𝑞 = 10−3 C
𝟔𝟗(𝐛) Given, 𝑑 = 4.4 m, 𝜎 = 80𝜇Cm−2
∴ ⁡𝑟 = 2.2 m
The charge on the sphere is given by 𝑄 = 𝜎𝐴 = 80 × 10−6 × 4𝜋 × (2.2)2 = 4.9 × 10−3 C
71 (b) As, the net electric field inside a spherical shell is zero. So, net charge inside the shell is also zero.
i.e. ⁡𝑞 + 𝑞 ′ = 0
∴ ⁡𝑞 ′ = −𝑞
𝑞′ −𝑞
∴ The surface charge density on the inner surface of the shell is 𝜎1 = 4𝜋𝑅2 = 4𝜋𝑅2
1 1
72 (c) Given, 𝜆 = (3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2)𝐶/𝑚, 𝑙 = 3 m
3
1 3 𝑥3 𝑥2
The net charge present on the rod is ⁡𝑞 = ∫0 𝜆𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 (3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 2)𝑑𝑥 = [3 ⋅ 3
+5⋅ 2
+ 2𝑥] = 55.5𝐶
0
73 (c) According to the question,

The electric field at 𝑃 due to charge 𝜌Δ𝑉 is

4 3
1 𝜌Δ𝑉 1 𝜌 3 𝜋(𝐶1 𝑃) 𝜌
𝐄1 = = = 𝐶 𝑃, along 𝐶1 𝑃
4𝜋𝜀0 (𝐶1 𝑃) 2 4𝜋𝜀0 (𝐶1 𝑃) 2 3𝜀0 1
(−𝜌)
Similarly, 𝐄2 = 3𝜀 𝐶2 𝑃, along 𝑃𝐶2
0
𝜌
So, net electric field, |𝐄𝑝 | = |𝐄1 | + |𝐄2 | = (𝐶1 𝑃 + 𝐶2 𝑃)
3𝜀0
Since, these two spheres partially overlap.
So, the distance, 𝐶1 𝑃 + 𝐶2 𝑃 ≈ 𝐶1 𝐶2
𝜌
∴ ⁡𝐸𝑝 = 3𝜀 𝐶1 𝐶2, along 𝐶1 𝐶2
0
Hence, electrostatic field is constant in magnitude.
𝑞
74 (c) As flux = enclosed
𝜀
, so flux is due to only charges +𝑞1 and −𝑞1 that makes a sum zero. But 𝑞2 produces its
0
own flux and net flux linked with sphere is zero. Hence, electric field will be due to all the charges.
75 (c) ∮ ⁡𝑆 𝐄 ⋅ 𝑑𝐒 = 𝜙𝐸 represents electric flux over the closed surface.
When ∮ ⁡𝑆 𝐄 ⋅ 𝑑𝐒 = 0, it means that the number of flux lines entering the surface must be equal to the number
of flux lines leaving it.
𝑞
76 (b) By Gauss's law, electric flux through closed surface area, 𝜙 = enclosed
𝜀
.
0
1
If 𝑞enclosed = 1 unit, then 𝜙 = = 𝜀0−1
𝜀0
77 (a) According to Gauss' law
𝑞
𝜙=
𝜀0
As, 𝜙sphere = 𝜙cube
⁡∴ 𝜙sphere : 𝜙cube = 1: 1
⁡∵ ⁡𝜙𝐵 = 𝜙
𝑞
⁡∴ 2𝜙 ′ + 𝜙 =
𝜀0
1 𝑞
⁡⇒ ⁡𝜙 ′ = ( − 𝜙)
2 𝜀0

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= −𝑒 + 𝑒 = 0
Net charge of 8 dipoles = 8 × 0 = 0 ∴ Net charge inside cube, 𝑞 = 0
𝑞 0
By Gauss's law, total flux emerging from surface, 𝜙 = = = 0
𝜀0 𝜀0
79 (a) Total charge inside the given surface is = 𝑄 − 2𝑄 = −𝑄
−𝑄
∴ Total flux through the surface of the sphere, 𝜙 = 𝜀
0
𝑄
The field on the surface of sphere is 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2
1
E∝
𝑅2
so the field due to −2𝑄 is not same everywhere on the sphere.
80 (b) Using Gauss's law at outer surface, let charge on dipole is 𝑞,
Σ𝑞
𝜙⁡= =𝐸⋅𝐴
𝜀0
1
⁡= Σ𝑞
𝐴𝜀0
(+𝑄 + 𝑞 − 𝑞)
or ⁡=
𝐴𝜀0
𝑄
⁡=
𝐴𝜀0
𝜎
⁡= = constant
𝜀0
𝟖𝟏⁡(a) 𝑞net = 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 + 𝑞3 = 8.85nC
𝑞 8.85 × 10−9
𝜙 = ⁡=
𝜀0 8.85 × 10−12
⁡= 103 N − m2 C−1
𝑞
82 (a) 𝜙total = 𝜙𝐴 + 𝜙𝐵 + 𝜙𝐶 = 𝜀
0
83 (b) The electric field between two parallel plates is as shown below

𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
Here, 𝐸+ = 𝐸− = 2𝜀 ⇒ ⁡𝐸net = 2 (2𝜀 ) = (𝜀 )
0 0 0
𝟖𝟒(𝒅)
(d)
𝐸𝐼 = 𝐸𝐴 + 𝐸𝐵
𝜎 𝜎
⁡= + (− )=0
2𝜀0 2𝜀0

87 (d) Electric field due to uniformly charged solid non-conducting sphere is given by
1 𝑄
𝐸= 𝑟( for 𝑟 < 𝑅)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 3
∴⁡ 𝐸∝𝑟
So, electric field increases as 𝑟 increases.

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88 (d) Electric field at point 𝑃 is given by

𝐸⁡= 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 + 𝐸3
2𝑘𝜆 2𝑘(2𝜆) 2𝑘(𝜆)
⁡= + 𝑟 + 𝑟
3𝑟
2 2 2
40𝑘𝜆
⇒ 𝐸⁡=
3𝑟
89 (b) We know that the electric field due to uniformly charged sphere is given by
𝑘𝑞𝑥
𝐸⁡= 3
𝑅
1 𝑞𝑥
⁡=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 3
𝑅 1 𝑞 𝑅
∴ Electric field at distance 𝑥 = is given by 𝐸 =
2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅3 2
1 𝑞
𝐸=
8𝜋𝜀0 𝑅 2
𝟗𝟎(𝒃)

𝜆 𝜆
Electric field at point 𝑃 due to +𝜆 is 𝐸1 = 𝑅 =
2𝜋𝜀0 ( ) 𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
2
𝜆 𝜆
Electric field at point 𝑃 due to −𝜆 is 𝐸2 = 𝑅 = 𝜋𝜀
2𝜋𝜀0 ( ) 0𝑅
2
2𝜆
∴ Net electric field at point 𝑃 is 𝐸net = 𝐸1 + 𝐸2 = 𝜋𝜀
0𝑅
𝟗𝟏(𝒄) Given, 𝑙 = 2.4 m, 𝑟 = 4.6 mm
= 4.6 × 10−3 m
𝑞 = −4.2 × 10−7 C

𝑞 −4.2×10−7
∴ Linear charge density, 𝜆 = = = −1.75 × 10−7 Cm−1
𝑙 2.4
𝜆 −1.75×10−7
The electric field at point 𝑃 is 𝐸 = 2𝜋𝜀 𝑟 = 2×3.14×8.854×10−12 ×4.6×10−3 = −6.7 × 105 NC −1
0
92 (d) The FBD of the ball 𝐵 is given as

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𝑞𝜎
∴ ⁡Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑇sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝜀0
#(i)
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0 ⇒ 𝑇cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑞𝜎
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get tan⁡ 𝜃 = ⇒ 𝜎 ∝ tan⁡ 𝜃
𝑚𝑔𝜀0
93 (c) The electric fields in region II between the plates are shown below.

Given, 𝜎 = 27 × 10−22 Cm−2 ∴ The net electric field in region II is

𝜎 𝜎
𝐸net = 2𝐸 = 2 ( ) =
2𝜀0 𝜀0
27 × 10−22
⁡= = 3.05 × 10−10 NC−1
8.85 × 10−12
95 (d)

The electric field at point 𝑃 due to spherical shell is

1 𝑄 1 𝜎(4𝜋𝑅 2 )
𝐸= ⋅ 2= ⋅
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑥2
1
∴𝐸 ∝ 2
𝑥

Assertion & Reason Questions

1 (a) When we produce charge 𝑞1 on a body by rubbing it against another body which gets a charge 𝑞2 in the
process, then 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 both are equal in magnitude but opposite in polarities.
Hence, 𝑞1 + 𝑞2 = 0.
10−6
2 (a) At macroscopic level, we deal with charges of order 1𝜇C = 10−6 C, which has 1.6×10−19 = 0.625 × 1013
= 1013 charges.
Addition of a few hundred of 𝑒 charges do not make any physically observable effect on attraction or
repulsion, so quantisation can be ignored.
3 (a) The total amount of charge on the body is
𝑛2 𝑒 + 𝑛1 (−𝑒) = (𝑛2 − 𝑛1 )𝑒
Thus, the charge on any body is integral multiple of 𝑒 and can be increased in terms of 𝑒.
4 (a) Conservation of electric charges state that the total charge of an isolate system remains the same.
5 (c) Coulomb force and gravitational force follow the same inverse square law. But gravitational force has only
one sign which is always attractive, while Coulomb force can be of both signs which are attractive and repulsive.
6 (c) When a positive charge initially at rest is placed in a uniform electric field, then it moves along the electric
lines of force.
But if a point charge is released from rest in a direction making an angle with the field, then it follows a
parabolic path.

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8 (a) Given, dipole moment,𝑝 = 30 × 10−5 C − m

𝑄
Using Gauss's law, 𝜙 = 𝜀in = 0(∵ 𝑄in = 0 for dipole )
0
9 (d) Due to displacement of charge within a closed surface, 𝐄 at any point may change. But net flux crossing
the surface will not change. The flux crossing through a closed surface is independent of the
location of charge within the surface, as it is same everywhere on its surface.
10 (d) 𝐄 in outside vicinity of conductor surface depends on all the charges present in the space and its
𝜎
expression is 𝐄 = 𝜀 .
0

Statement Based Questions

2 (b) The Statement II is incorrect and it can be corrected as, -2 units charge +6 units charge = 4 units charge.
5 (b) The electric field will increase, if positive charge is brought in an electric field. Therefore, Statement I is
correct but Statement II is incorrect.
7 (d) Though the net charge on the conductor is still zero but due to induction negatively charged region is
nearer to the rod as compared to the positively charged region. That's why the conductor gets attracted towards
the rod.
Therefore, Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.
8 (d) The electrostatic shielding is possible by metallic conductor. Therefore, both Statement I and Statement II
are correct.

Matching Type Questions

3 (d)
A. Electric lines of forces emerge from a single positive charge and goes to infinity.
B. Electric lines of forces enter into a single negative charge coming from infinity.
C. Electric lines of forces are repelled away when they are produced by the pair of positive charges.
D. The electric line of forces produced by a pair of equal and opposite charges.
Hence, 𝐴 → 3, 𝐵 → 4, 𝐶 → 2 and 𝐷 → 1.

Numerical Type Questions

1 (12) Given, 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 = 10 g Charge, 𝑞1 = 𝑞2 = 2 × 10−7 C 𝜇 = 0.25, 𝑔 = 10 m/s 2
In the condition of limited equilibrium on either charge, electrostatic force = static friction
𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2
= 𝜇mg
𝐿2
9 × 109 × 2 × 10−7 × 2 × 10−7
𝐿2
= 0.25 × 0.01 × 10
⇒ ⁡𝐿 = 0.12 = 12 cm
2 (425) Drawing the cube given in the question.

Electric flux, 𝜙 = 𝐄 ⋅ 𝐀 = 𝐸𝐴cos⁡ 𝜃

At face 1, 𝜙 = 𝐸0 × 𝑎2 = (0)𝑎2 = 0 (∵ 𝑥 = 0)

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At face 2, 𝜙2 = 𝐸 ⋅ 𝐴
⁡= (𝐸0 𝑎𝐢ˆ) ⋅ (𝑎2 𝐢ˆ) = 𝐸0 𝑎3
⁡= 6 × 104 × (2 × 10−2 )3
𝜙2 ⁡= 48 × 10−2 N/m2 − C
Net flux, 𝜙 = 𝜙2 − 𝜙 = 48 × 10−2 2
N/m − C
From Gauss's, law,
𝑞enc
𝜙⁡=
𝜀0
⇒ 𝑞enc ⁡= 𝜙𝜀0
⁡= 48 × 10−2 × 8.85 × 10−12
⇒ 𝑞enc ⁡≈ 425 × 10−14 C
6
3 (3) Given, 𝐸max = 3 × 10 V/m 𝑟 = 3𝑚
We know that,
1 𝑞
𝐸⁡=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
⇒ ⁡9max⁡= 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2 𝐸max
(3)2 × (3 × 106 )
⁡=
9 × 109
9max⁡= 3 × 10−3 C
4 (25) Given, electric field intensity, 𝐄 = 5 × 103 𝐢ˆN/C
⇒ |𝐄| = 5 × 103 N/C
Side of square, 𝑆 = 10 cm = 0.1 m
Area of square, 𝐴 = (0.1)2 = 0.01 m2
∴ Flux through the plane,
𝜙⁡= |𝐄| × 𝐴cos⁡ 𝜃
⁡= 5 × 103 × 0.01cos⁡ 0∘
⁡= 50 N − m2 /𝐶
If the plane makes an angle of 30 with the 𝑋-axis, then 𝜃 = 60∘ .
∘

∴ Flux through the plane,

𝜙⁡= |𝐄| × 𝐴 × cos⁡ 60∘
⁡= 5 × 103 × 0.01 × cos⁡ 60∘
⁡= 25 N − m2 /C
5 (180) The charge at point 𝐵 repels the charge at point 𝐴 with force 𝐹𝐴𝐵

𝑘𝑞1 𝑞2
𝐹𝐴𝐵 ⁡=
𝑟2
9 × 109 × 5 × 10−6 × 10 × 10−6
⁡=
(0.05)2
⁡= 180 N
The charge at 𝐶 attracts the charge at 𝐴 with a force 𝐹𝐴𝐶 ,

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 37

9 × 109 × (5 × 10−6 ) × (10 × 10−6 )

𝐹𝐴𝐶 = = 180 N
(0.05)2
2 2
Now, the resultant force on 𝐴 is given by𝐹 = √𝐹𝐴𝐵 + 𝐹𝐴𝐶 + 2𝐹𝐴𝐵 𝐹𝐴𝐶 cos 𝜃
= √1802 + 1802 + 2(180)(180)cos⁡ 120∘ = 180 N
1 2𝑝𝑟
6 (5) 𝐸axial = 4𝜋𝜀 (𝑟2 −𝑎2 )2
0
For first case 𝑟 = 10 m, 𝐸 = 2.5 N/C
9 × 109 × 2𝑝 × 10
∴ 2.5 =
(102 − 𝑎2 )2
For second case 𝑟 = 20 m, 𝐸 = 0.2 N/C
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
2.5 10 (202 − 𝑎2 )2
=
0.2 20 (102 − 𝑎2 )2
⇒ ⁡𝑎 = 5 m
7 (2) Given, electric field,𝐸 = 4 m/eVmVm−1
Length of plates, 𝑙 = 2 m
Speed of electron, 𝑣𝑥 = 2 ms −1

1 2
The time taken by the electron to come out of field undeflected is 𝑡 = = =1s
𝑣𝑥 2
As we know, 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸
Since, electron is accelerating opposite to the direction of 𝐄.
4𝑚
⇒ −𝑚 × 𝑎𝑦 = 𝑒 ×
𝑒
⇒ ⁡𝑎𝑦 = −4 ms −2
Using first equation of motion,
𝑣𝑦 = 𝑢𝑦 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑡
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑣𝑦 = 0 + (−4)(1)
or ⁡|𝑣𝑦 | = 4 ms −1
As the electron is deflected by angle 𝜃, so
𝑣𝑦
tan⁡ 𝜃⁡=
𝑣𝑥
4
⇒ ⁡𝜃⁡= tan−1 ⁡ ( ) = tan−1 ⁡(2)
2
So, the value of 𝑥 is 2 .
8 (3) At the point 𝑥 = 0, the electric field due to all the charges is given by
1 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞 𝑞
𝐸= [ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 +⋯]
4𝜋𝜀0 1 2 4 8
𝑞 1 𝑞
= [ ]=
4𝜋𝜀0 1 − 1 3𝜋𝜀0
4
So, the value of 𝑥 is 3 .

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 38

9 (4) So, we are considering the equilibrium of charge, placed at the corners of a square.

𝐹𝐶𝐷 + 𝐹𝐶𝐴 cos⁡ 45∘ + 𝐹𝐶𝑂 cos⁡ 45∘ = 0

1 (−𝑄)(−𝑄) (−𝑄)(−𝑄) 1 (−𝑄)𝑞 1

[ 2
+ × + 2 × ]=0
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑎 (√2𝑎)2 √2 (√2 𝑎) √2
2
∴ The value of 𝑥 is 4 .
𝑘𝑞 𝑞
10 (6.25) Force, 𝐹 = 12 2
𝑑
charge on each sphere after bringing the two spheres in contact,
2𝑛𝐶 − 1𝑛𝐶
⁡= = 0.5nC
2
9 × 10 × 0.5 × 10−9 × (0.5 × 10−9 )
9
∴ 𝐹⁡=
(0.6)2
−9
⁡= 6.25 × 10 N

NCERT Exemplar Questions

4 (c) The given condition is as shown below.

𝑞 −𝑄
Now, surface charge density on the inner surface of spherical shell is 𝜎 = 𝑆 = 4𝜋𝑅2
1
+𝑄
∴ Surface charge density on the outer surface =
4𝜋𝑅22
6 (c)

Thus, force of attraction by −3𝑞 = force of repulsion by 𝑞

2𝑞 × 3𝑞 2𝑞 × 𝑞
⁡⇒ ⁡ =
4𝜋𝜀0 (𝑥 + 𝑑)2 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 2
𝑑 √3𝑑 𝑑
⁡∴ ⁡𝑥 = + = (1 + √3)
2 2 2
to the left of 𝑞.

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 39

Past Exams Questions

1 (c) We know that, 𝜏 = 𝑝𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃
𝜏 4
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑝 = =
𝐸sin⁡ 𝜃 2 × 10 × sin⁡ 30∘
5

⁡⇒ ⁡𝑝 = 4 × 10−5 C − m
⁡⇒ ⁡2𝑙 ⋅ 𝑞 = 4 × 10−5
4 × 10−5 4 × 10−5
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑞 = =
2𝑙 2 × 10−2
−3
⁡= 2 × 10 C = 2mC
3 (a) Electric field at a point (𝑥 = 15 cm) from the centre of the sphere is
1 𝑞
𝐸⁡= ⋅ 2
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑥
9
3.2 × 10−7
⁡= 9 × 10 ×
(15 × 10−2 )2
5
⁡= 1.28 × 10 N/C
5 (b) When a sphere encloses a charged dipole,

Here, 𝑞 = ±3 × 10−6 C
𝑎in +3×10−6 −3×10−6
Thus, according to Gauss's law, 𝜙𝐸 = 𝜀0
= 𝜀0
=0
𝑄enclosed
6 (a) (i) The electric field at a point outside the hollow sphere is 𝜙 = ∮ ⁡𝑆 𝐄 ⋅ 𝑑𝐒 = 𝜀0
[from Gauss' law]
𝑄
⇒ 𝐸(4𝜋𝑟 2 ) =
𝜀0
𝑄
⇒ 𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 2
1
⇒ 𝐸∝ 2
𝑟
(ii) The electric field at the surface (𝑟 = 𝑅)
𝑄
𝐸=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅2
(iii) The electric field inside hollow sphere is 𝐸 = 0

This can be shown graphically as

7 (c) Net charge on one H-atom,
𝑞⁡= −𝑒 + 𝑒 + Δ𝑒 = Δ𝑒
𝑘𝑞 2 𝑘(Δ𝑒)2
𝐹𝑟 ⁡= 2 =
𝑑 𝑑2
2
𝐺𝑚ℎ
𝐹𝐺 ⁡= 2
𝑑

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 40

It is given that, 𝐹𝑟 − 𝐹𝐺 = 0
𝐺𝑚ℎ2
2
⇒ ⁡(Δ𝑒) =
𝐾
−11 )(1.67
(6.67 × 10 × 10−27 )2
⁡(Δ𝑒)2 =
9 × 109
−37
⁡⇒ Δ𝑒 = 1.437 × 10 C
8 (b)

𝐹
∵ ln⁡△ 𝐴𝐵𝐶, = tan⁡ 𝜃
𝑚𝑔
𝑘𝑞2 𝑥/2
Therefore, Eq. (i) can be rewritten as 𝑥 2 𝑚𝑔 = 2
√𝑙 2 −𝑥
4
2
𝑘𝑞 𝑥
⁡⇒ ⁡ 2
= ⁡(∵ 𝑑 << l given )
𝑥 𝑚𝑔 2𝑙
or ⁡𝑞 2 ∝ 𝑥 3
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑞 ∝ 𝑥 3/2
𝑑𝑞 𝑑(𝑥 3/2 ) 𝑑𝑥
⁡⇒ ⁡ ∝ ⋅
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑞
⁡⇒ ⁡ ∝ 𝑥 1/2 ⋅ 𝑣 ⇒ 𝑣 ∝ 𝑥 −1/2
𝑑𝑡
9 (d)

𝐸𝑂𝑃 = 𝐸𝐴𝑃
1 10−5
⇒ ⋅
4𝜋𝜀0 (2 × 10−2 )2
1 4 × 10−5
⁡= ⋅
4𝜋𝜀0 (𝑥 − 2)2 × (10−2 )2
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑥 = 6 cm
𝜎
10 (a) As 𝐄 = 2𝜀 𝐧ˆ
0
Situation given is shown below.

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 41

In region I, net field,

𝐄1 ⁡= 𝐄1 + 𝐄2
𝜎 𝜎
𝐄1 ⁡= (− 𝐧ˆ) + (− 𝐧ˆ)
2𝜀0 2𝜀0
𝜎
⁡= − 𝐧ˆ
𝜀0
𝜎 𝜎
Similarly, in region II and III, 𝐄∥ = (− 2𝜀 𝒏ˆ) + (2𝜀 𝒏ˆ) = 0
0 0
𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
𝐄III = ( 𝐧ˆ) + ( 𝐧ˆ) = 𝒏ˆ
2𝜀0 2𝜀0 𝜀0
11. (c) Given, length of conductor = 𝐿 Charge on conductor = 𝑄 According to figure,

2
√3 𝐿 2
Let 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑟 = √𝑂𝑃2 + 𝑂𝑄 2 ⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = √( 𝐿) +( )
2 2
and 𝐸 be the electric field at point 𝑃.
𝑘𝜆
Since, 𝐸 (due to finite wire) = (sin⁡ 𝜙1 + sin⁡ 𝜙2 )
𝑎
𝑄
𝜆 = linear charge density =
𝐿
𝐿/2 1
and sin⁡ 𝜙 = sin⁡ 𝜙2 = 𝐿
= 2
𝑘𝜆 1 𝑄
𝐸⁡= =
𝑎 4𝜋𝜀0 √3𝐿
𝐿⋅ 2
𝑄 1
⁡=
2√3𝜋𝜀0 𝐿2
−6
12 (d) Given, linear charge density, 𝜆 = 3 × 10 C/m

𝑟1 = 10 mm = 10 × 10−3 m
𝑟2 = 12 mm = 12 × 10−3 m
and the separation between charges= 𝑟2 − 𝑟1 = 12 − 10 = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m
Electric field due to line charge,
2𝑘𝜆
𝐸=
𝑥
𝐅net = 𝐅1 − 𝐅2 = 𝑞𝐄1 − 𝑞𝐄2
2𝑘𝜆 2𝑘𝜆
⁡⇒ ⁡4 = 𝑞 ( − )
𝑟1 𝑟2
1 1
⁡⇒ ⁡4 = 2𝑘𝜆𝑞 ( − )
𝑟1 𝑟2
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑞 = 4.44𝜇C

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 42

𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑞
13 (b) Here, 𝐸𝐴 = ( = 2𝑙2 ;
√2𝑙)2

𝑘𝑞
𝐸𝐵 =
(𝑙)2
𝐸𝐴 and 𝐸𝐻 cancel out.
2𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑞
𝐸𝐶 ⁡= 2
; 𝐸𝐷 =
𝑙 (√2𝑙)2
2𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑞
𝐸𝐸 ⁡= ; 𝐸𝐹 = 2 ;
(√2𝑙) 2 𝑙
2𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑞
𝐸𝐺 ⁡= 2 ; 𝐸𝐻 = 2
𝑙 (𝑙)
∴ 𝐸net ⁡= √(𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐹 )2 + (𝐸𝐺 − 𝐸𝐵 )2
𝑘𝑞 𝑘𝑞
⁡= 2 √2 − 2
𝑙 2𝑙
1 𝑞
⁡= ⋅ (2√2 − 1)
4𝜋𝜀0 (2𝑙)2

Skill Boosters
1 (b) Glass rod is positive charged.

Due to touching, some of positive charge is acquired by leaves of electroscope and so they show divergence.

Now, X-ray photons falls over metal disc of electroscope

Few of electrons absorbs X-ray photons and rest are ejected from the metal surface.

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 43

This causes more positive charge on metal disc and on leaves of electroscope.

Thus, leaves show divergence.

2 (d) During an American winter, cold dry air allows accumulation of significant excess charge giving the
potential for a shock.
3(𝒄)

Consider a small segment of length Δ𝑙 making an angle of Δ𝜃 at centre.

Horizontal components of tension cancels out each other and vertical components add upto from these
forces 𝐹.
𝜃 Δ𝑙
⇒ 2𝑇sin⁡ = 𝑇Δ𝜃 = 𝑇 ⋅
2 𝑅
𝐹𝑅
⇒ 𝑇 =
−8
Δ𝑙
1 5Δ𝑙×10 4
where, 𝐹 = ⋅ 2 = 4.5 × 10 × Δ𝑙
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
𝐹
So, 𝑇 = × 𝑅
Δ𝑙
⁡= 4.5 × 104 × 0.1
⁡= 4.5 × 103 N
Also, change in radius
𝑇
Δ𝑅⁡= 𝑅 ×
𝐴𝑌
⁡= 2.25 × 10−3 m
4 (c)

𝑞2
At equilibrium, cos⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔sin⁡ 𝜃
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 2
𝑥/2
For small 𝜃, cos⁡ 𝜃 → 1 and sin⁡ 𝜃 ≈ 𝜃 = 𝑙
𝑞2 𝑚𝑔𝑥
⇒ 2
=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑥 2𝑙

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 44

2𝜋𝜀0 𝑚𝑔
⇒ ⁡𝑞 = 𝑥 3/2 ⋅ √
𝑙

𝑑𝑞 3 1/2 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑚𝑔 𝑑𝑥
⇒ = (𝑥 ⋅ √ )⋅( )
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑙 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
Put ⁡𝑣 = 𝑑𝑡
∝ 𝑥 −1/2

𝑑𝑞 3 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑚𝑔
⇒⁡ ∝ √
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑙
Hence, 𝑁 = 3
5 (a) As particle is moving horizontally only forces acting on it are Stokes' force and electric force.

If 𝑣 = constant, then 6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣 = 𝑞𝐸

⇒ 6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣 = 𝑛𝑒𝐸
6𝜋𝜂𝑟𝑣
⇒𝑛=
𝐸𝑒
6 × 3.14 × 1.6 × 10−5 × 5 × 10−7 × 0.02
= = 30
6.28 × 105 × 1.6 × 10−16
6 (a) Particle will not hit the upper plate, if the velocity component normal to plate is zero before reaching the
plate.

Acceleration due to field (downwards),

𝑒𝐸
𝑎𝑦 =
𝑚
𝑣𝑦2 = 0 = 𝑢2 − 2(𝑎𝑦 )𝑦
where, 𝑦 ≤ 𝑑, 𝑑 = distance between plates.
So, 𝑢max = √2𝑎𝑦 𝑦

2 × 1.6 × 10−19 × 103 × 2 × 10−2

⁡= √
1.6 × 10−30
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑢max = 2 × 106 m/s
𝑞enclosed √3𝑎𝜆
7 (c) 𝜙cube = 𝜀0
= 𝜀0
,
2𝑎𝜆
𝜙sphere = 𝑞enclosed =
𝜀0
√3𝑎𝜆 0 𝜀 √3
Ratio, 𝑟 = 𝜀0
× 2𝑎𝜆 = 2
8 (d) With air in the space between 𝑆1 and 𝑆2
𝑞 2𝑞
𝜙𝑆1 = 𝜀 and 𝜙𝑆2 = 𝜀
0 0
When a medium of 𝐾 = 5 is filled in space,

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1. Electric Charges & Fields | 45

𝑄 𝜙𝑆 𝑞
𝜙𝑆′ 1 = = 1=
𝐾𝜀0 5 5𝜀0
and in this case, flux through 𝑆2
𝜙𝑆′ 2 = flux of 𝑆1 + flux of charge 2𝑞
𝑞 2𝑞 𝑞 + 10𝑞 11𝑞
= + = =
5𝜀0 𝜀0 5𝜀0 5𝜀0
𝜙𝑆2
So, ⁡ ratio = 11: 1
𝜙𝑆′
1
𝑉 200
9 (a) 𝐸 =𝑑
= 0.01
= 2 × 104 Vm−1
When the oil drop floats, 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑞𝐸
4
⇒ 𝜋𝑟 3 𝜌𝑔 = 𝑁𝑒𝐸
3
4 (8 × 10−7 )3 × 900 × 10
∴𝑁= 𝜋
3 1.6 × 10−19 × 2 × 104

= 𝜋 × 64 × 3 × 10−2 ≃ 6
𝟏𝟎(𝒄)

2𝜋
𝐿inside = 𝑟
3
𝑄 2𝜋 𝑄
𝑄inside = × 𝑟=
2𝜋𝑟 3 3
𝑄
By Gauss's law, 𝜙 = inside
𝜀0
𝑄
⇒ ⁡𝜙 =
3𝜀0

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