Senior Night High School

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII - Central Visayas
DIVISION OF LAPU-LAPU CITY
JOHN M. HYLAND INSTITUTE OF LEARNING, INC.
School Year 2024-2025

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS) in

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING

Grade Level: Grade 12

Subject: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING
Quarter: First Quarter

LAS NO.3 (WEEK 3)

Computer Hardware Servicing:

Set Network Configuration

 Lesson 2
Input Data into the Computer

What I Need To Know

This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are
expected to learn in the module.

This lesson is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand on how to set network configuration. The scope of this
module permits it’s to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

What’s In
Network configuration is the process of setting a network's controls, flow
and operation to support the network communication of an organization
and/or network owner. This broad term incorporates multiple
configuration and setup processes on network hardware, software and
other supporting devices and components.

A network connects computers, mobile phones, peripherals, and even IoT

devices. Switches, routers, and wireless access points are the essential
networking basics. Through them, devices connected to your network can
communicate with one another and with other networks, like the Internet.
 What’s New

What’s Is It
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 Computer software is basically programs and procedures intended to perform
specific tasks on a system. From the lowest level assembly language to the high-
level languages, there are different types of application software. Computer
software systems are classified into three major types namely system software,
programming software and application software.
While system software comprises device drivers, OS, servers and software
components, programming software helps in writing programs through tools such
as editors, linkers, debuggers, compilers/interpreters and ore. Application software,
in contrast to these two, is used for attaining specific tasks.

Application software is task oriented. It uses the capacity of a computer

directly for specific tasks and are used to manipulate text, graphics and numbers.

The different types of application software include the following:

Application Software Type Examples Application Software Type Examples

Word processing software MS Word, WordPad and Notepad

Database software Oracle, MS Access etc
Spreadsheet software Apple Numbers, Microsoft Excel
Multimedia software Real Player, Media Player
Presentation Software Microsoft Power Point, Keynotes
Enterprise Software Customer relationship management
system
Information Worker Software Documentation tools, resource
management tools
Educational Software Dictionaries: Encarta,
BritannicaMathematical: MATLAB
Others: Google Earth, NASA World
Wind
Simulation Software Flight and scientific simulators
Content Access Software Accessing content through media
players, web browsers
Application Suites OpenOffice, Microsoft Office
Software for Engineering and Product IDE or Integrated Development
Development Environments

Application software’s either need to be installed or can run online.

Application software’s can also be distinguished on the basis of usage into the
following:
Utility programs
 Generic programs
 Integrated programs
  Specific software
 Bespoke software
 Word processing software
 Desktop publishing software
 Spreadsheet software
 Database software
 Presentation software
 Internet Browsers
 Email Programs
 Graphic Programs (Pixel based)
 Graphic Programs (vector based)
 Communication software: Communication through audio, video or chat-
based means

I. Basic Software Application Types

1.1 Word Processing Software

If the pen is mightier than the sword, the word processor is even better. Word
processors create text-based documents. This set of software tools is most flexible
and widely used. Word processors are used for creating memos, faxes and letters.
Word processors are also used to create reports and personalized pages on the Web.
The top 3-word processing software’s are: Microsoft Word, Lotus Word Pro and
Corel WordPerfect.

Word processors provide numerous features making entering, editing and

formatting written documents quick and precise. Word processors have word wrap
which move the insertion point to the next line when the current line is complete.
This saves time and effort.

Editing precision and efficiency is also offered by this software. Consider the
Thesaurus which provides synonyms, antonyms and related words for chosen word
or phrase. Find and replace feature enables users to scan and replace selected words
or phrases.

There are inbuilt spelling and grammar checkers which make it easy to locate
words with spelling issues or capitalization, sentence structure or punctuation
problems.

AutoCorrect feature can be used to make corrections in a thrice of a second.

AutoText inserts words or sentences into the document at the exact point one wants.

AutoComplete even ensures the user does not even have to type the complete
word to include it in the document.

If looks matter, can your word processor be far behind? Numerous features
within the word processor can improve the format or appearance of any document
in seconds. This includes font appearance, font size, character effects such as bold,
italic, colors and shadow, alignment and lists.
 Allowing multiple users to edit the same document using a feature called
collaboration is another beneficial feature of word processors. Another feature is
tracking changes which let you identify modifications to an original document made
by others, whereby their changes and comments are visible.

Word processing software involves creation of text-based documents which

can be stored, edited and formatted with ease.

Additional word processing features include WordArt to modify titles,

hyphens, columns and text boxes for critical information

Most word processing software also generates reports and comes equipped
with tools to create figure captions, tables, headers, footers, endnotes and more.

For web pages, word processors include predefined templates, hypertext links
and support for Web pages.

1.2 Web Based Applications

Application programs were initially owned by organizations or individuals

while users are storing and using applications now using Web based apps.

Web applications provide a collection of graphic illustrations including clip

art drawings, diagrams and photos. One can also select items or portions of
documents which can be removed from one item to another. From handwriting
recognition to spelling checker and task panes, templates as well as Wizards for
specific tasks and voice recognition, web-based applications provide everything
needed to make creating documents an easy process.

Web-based applications include notes, calendars and personal information

managers as well as numerous games. Web based applications may even
outperform traditional application software as time goes by.

1.3 Spreadsheets

Spreadsheets are used to create documents and perform calculations for

example Excel, Lotus 1-2-3 and more. Spreadsheets were initially only used by
accountants; now they are used by marketing professionals, students, teachers and
financial analysts. Most common spreadsheet programs used include Lotus 1-2-3,
Microsoft Excel and Corel Quattro Pro. Spreadsheets organize, analyze and
chart/graph numerical data such as financial reports and budgets. Spreadsheet
programs are responsible for manipulation of data and creation of workbook files
comprise one/more related worksheets
 A worksheet or spreadsheet is a rectangle grid of rows and columns
intersecting to create cells. Text entries or labels provide a structure to the
worksheet through descriptions. Numeric entries can be a number or a formula for
calculating and processing information; functions are prewritten formulas to
perform calculations.
Spreadsheets involve ranges, text and numeric entries, functions, formulas,
charts, calculations and what if analysis. There are different chart types including
line, pie, column and bar which form part of the spreadsheet. They also provide
other benefits like titles, legends and data labels

1.4 Database Software

Database is a collection of relational data, which is an electronic equivalent of

a filing cabinet

A DBMS or database management system is a program for setting up or

structuring database. Databases are used in offices, educational settings and
organizations of different types. 3 of the most widely used DBMS designed for
microcomputers include Corel Paradox, Microsoft Access and Lotus Approach.

1.5 Presentation Software

Information is presented visually through presentation graphics that combine

numerous visual objects for creating interesting and attractive presentations. These
tools are also used for communicating persuasive messages.

Slides are used for electronic presentation and there are layout, normal and
slide show views. You can choose color schemes, slide layouts, special effects,
animation, transitions and builds.

1.6 Integrated Programs

An integrated package provides the functionality of a word processor,

database manager, spreadsheet and much more. The drawback is that capabilities of
each function are not as extensive as individual programs. An integrated package is
a single program and using and switching between functions is quite convenient.
Most common integrated packages are Microsoft and Apple Works.

1.7 Software Suite

Software suite is a group of application programs and the 4 different types are
productivity, specialized, utility and personal. Software suite is a collection of
separate application programs bundled and sold as a group.

1.8 Productivity Suite

 Productivity or business suites contain professional grade app programs such
as spreadsheet, DBMS, word processors and more. Best known productivity suites
are Lotus Smart Suite and Corel WordPerfect Office Suite.

1.9 Personal Suite

Personal or home suites contain personal software applications, programs

intended for domestic or personal use. Some of the best known home suites include
Microsoft Works Suite.

1.10 Specialized Suites

These suites focus on specific applications including graphic suites, financial

planning suites and much more

1.11 Utility Suite

This suite is designed to make computing safer. It includes the Norton

Antivirus System and Norton Internet Security Suite.

1.12. Multimedia Software

Multimedia software allows users to create images, audios and videos.

Examples of these include Media Player.

II. Ownership Rights and Delivery Methods: Another Criteria for

Distinguishing Application Software

Commercial Software: This has been installed in numerous computers by

software vendors and providers. Only license is to be purchased for using it.
Software is generally installed in more than one machine. Demo versions of
software may also exist

Shareware: This is either free of charge or a nominal fee is charged. This

type of software can be downloaded from online sources Example: MP3 player.

III. The Many Different Wares: Where Application Software is Negative

Just like there are positive softwares, there are also negative forms of
application software used for nefarious purposes. Applications software can carry
the following hidden programs or utilities:

Malware: This stands for malicious software. Most common forms of

malware are Trojan horses, worms and viruses.
 Adware and Spyware: Adware and spyware are other common types of
software. Adware includes sponsored freeware available when you register.
Sometimes, adware tracks internet surfing habits to become intrusive and change
into spyware. It then keeps a record of all the sites you have surfed and comes up
with ads which it feels are relevant to you. Unlike adware, spyware has a negative
connotation

Greyware: This is a term used to categories all the software falling between
malicious software and other codes including track-ware and spyware.

Nagware: This refers to software that comes in the form of pop ups asking
users to register for a product or purchase an app

Bloatware: Software which has so many different features that it requires

considerable disk space and memory resources to run.

Slime ware: This refers to software which interferes with user experience by
changing principal settings.

Abandonware: Software which is no longer sold or supported by publishers

Dribble ware: Software which has too many updates and patches.

What I Have Learned

Answer the following questions to check what you have learned in this
lesson?
1. What is software?
2. What are the different types of software?
3. What are some examples of the different types of software? Write as
many as you can.
 Assessment

Self-Check 2.0

Direction: Match the word/s in Column A to the correct phrases in Column B.

Write you answer in your quiz notebook.

Column A Column B
1. Email programs A. Windows 10, MacOs 10.15
2. Spreadsheets B. Corel Paradox, Microsoft
3. Integrated programs Access
4. Database software C. Lotus Smart Suite, Corel
5. Word processing software WordPerfect Office Suite
6. Productivity suite D. Trojan horses, worms, viruses
7. Malware E. Purchased license
8. Operating system F. Electronic presentation
9. Presentation Software G. GLotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel
10. Application software H. Task – oriented
11. Shareware I. Microsoft Word,Corel
12. Multimedia Software WordPerfect
13. Utility Suite J. Norton Internet Security Suite
14. Commercial Software K. Yahoo mail, Google Mail
15. Internet browsers L. Microsoft and Apple Works
M.Media player
N. Microsoft Edge, Google
Chrome
O. Free of charge, downloadable

Additional Activities

Directions: Shown below are the different tasks related to computers.

Complete the table by writing down what software to use in each
corresponding task.
Task to Perform Software to Use
1. Send email to a friend
2. Make an application letter
3. Communicate a teacher through
 private message
4. Organize personal activities for the
month
5. Create a presentation about an
assigned topic for reporting
6. Scan the computer for any viruses
7. Play a sound or music
8. Edit a picture
9. Calculate weekly expenses
10. Look for the meaning of a
difficult word

What Is It
W SAVING A FILE
Existing files can be saved directly but this process does not allow a user
to change any settings to the file creation process.

Three alternative ways to save a file directly

1. Using the Menus Click Menu.

Click Save.

2. Using the Standard Toolbar

Click on the Save button on the Standard Toolbar

3. Using a Keyboard Shortcut

Press the keys, Ctrl+S on the keyboard simultaneously

Each of these approaches will save the file directly, allowing no intervention
on the part the user. If the file has been newly created, the program will
automatically launch the Save As... dialog asking the user for a file name and other
configuration options for the file.

Users wishing to save an existing file to a new file must select the Save As...
option. The Save As... dialog can be brought up at any time to save the current
workbook to a new file with either a different name or a different file format type.
This dialog is automatically launched when a user attempts to use one of the
methods described above to save a workbook or a document which does not already
have an existing file.
 The Save As... dialog asks the user to provide a name for the file to be created,
to select a folder in which to place the new file, and to select a file format type for
the file.

The steps required to save a file to a standard location are the following:

1. Launch the File Save dialog.

2. In the File menu, select the Save As menu item.
3. Name the file. Open the folder containing the desired file.
4. In the text entry area, enter the file name.
5. Select the desired folder in which to save the file.
6. Select one of the standard locations to open the file.
7. Specify a file format type.
8. Click on the Save button.

The
Figure 1: The Compact Form of a “Save” dialog box
components of the compact File Save dialog

A - The naming area

This area is used to give the file its name. This is a standard text entry area
allowing all the basic editing commands. The cursor can be moved left or right
using the keyboard arrow keys. The cursor can be placed anywhere in the text by
placing the mouse pointer where the cursor should go and clicking with the primary
mouse button. The mouse can also select part or all of the text with a click and drag.
The keyboard shortcuts for copying, Ctrl+c, cutting, Ctrl+x, or pasting, Ctrl+v, all
work. The dialog uses filename matching to guess file names based on the files
already in the parent folder.

B - The folder selection area

 This area provides a drop down list of previously selected folders including
the standard folders and the folders which have been bookmarked by the user. The
area will be disabled if area D has been selected to expand the dialog.

The desired folder can be selected by moving the mouse pointer over the
button, clicking and holding the primary mouse button, dragging the mouse pointer
onto the name of the desired folder and releasing the mouse button. The new folder
name will appear on as the name on the button

C - The file format type selection area.

This area provides a drop down list of all the file formats provided by the
current program itself and by all the currently active plugins.

Table 1: Examples of Some File Formats

D - The dialog expansion area

This area will alter the dialog to expand or collapse it. When expanded
the dialog provides a way to select any folder accessible on the system, to
 create new folders and to add and remove bookmark folders from the user's
bookmark folder list. When the dialog is expanded, the small arrow will point
downward, the areas showing in Figure 14-7 will appear and area B will be
disabled.

E - The button area.

This area provides two buttons, the Cancel and the Save buttons.
Clicking the Cancel button will dismiss the dialog and return the user to the
worksheet. Clicking the Save button will cause a file to be created with the
currently selected name, parent folder and format. If the selected file already
exists, the program will open a confirmation dialog since the command will
wipe out the previously existing file.

In order to save a file in a folder other than that provided by default, it is

necessary to change the default folder. When the Create Folder button is
pressed, a folder will be added. Type the name of new folder already selected
so that the user can simply start typing to give the folder a desired name. Once
the name has been entered on the keyboard, typing the Return key (or the
Enter key, depending on the keyboard) will change the folder name and open
that folder. The file can also be saved in a different storage media like in a
flash drive, cloud storage or external hard drive.

What I Have Learned

W

Answer the following question to check what you have learned in this lesson:
1. What are the steps to follow in saving a file?
2. What are some examples of file formats?
3. Why do you need to save a file that you just have created?

What I Have Learned

W
Self – Check 2.1
A. Direction: Arrange the following steps in “Saving a file in a standard
location” in order by putting a number (1 - 8) before each step. Write your
answer in your quiz notebook.

_____Specify a file format type.

_____Click on the Save button.
_____Launch the File Save dialog.
_____In the File menu, select the Save As menu item.
_____Select the desired folder in which to save the file.
_____Name the file. Open the folder containing the desired file.
_____In the text entry area, enter the file name.
_____Select one of the standard locations to open the file

B. Direction: Say “TRUE” if it the statement is true, otherwise, answer

“FALSE” if it is not true. Write your answer in your quiz notebook.

_______ 9. Users wishing to save an existing file to a new file must select the
Save As... option.
_______10.Any created document can be saved by clicking on the Save
button on the Standard Toolbar
_______11. In order to save a file in a folder other than that provided by
default, it is not necessary to change the default folder.
_______12. Clicking the Save button will cause a file to be created with the
currently selected name, parent folder and format.
_______13. Any file can also be saved in a different storage media like in a
flash drive and in a cloud storage.
_______14. The file format of Microsoft Excel Office Open XML is .xlsx.
_______15. Existing files can be saved directly but this process does not
allow a user to change any settings to the file creation process

What Is It
W
Anyone who uses a computer for prolonged periods — whether on the job, at
school or at home for enjoyment — is at risk for headaches, burning eyes, red
eyes, a stiff neck and other symptoms that comprise computer vision
syndrome (CVS). Prolonged computer work also can cause physical stress
that eventually could lead to a disability.

You can reduce computer-related discomfort by becoming more aware

of your body during computer work and adjusting your workstation and
viewing habits to avoid these problems. The key is something called computer
ergonomics.

What Is "Computer Ergonomics"?

Ergonomics is the science of designing a job, equipment and/or

workplace to fit the worker. The goal is to optimize the "fit" between each
worker and his or her work environment to optimize performance and reduce
the risk of repetitive strain injuries

Computer ergonomics addresses ways to optimize your computer

workstation to reduce the specific risks of computer vision syndrome (CVS),
neck and back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome and other disorders affecting the
muscles, spine and joints.

Computer and Visual Ergonomics: Occupational Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) Tips

You don't need an expensive consultant to create a computer workstation

that reduces your risk of stress, discomfort and potential injury.
These tips are designed to reduce the risk of stress, physical injury and
computer eye strain from prolonged computer use.

1. Sit so your head and neck are upright and in-line with your torso, not
bent down or tilted back.
2. Face your computer screen directly. Avoid viewing your screen with
your head turned or your back twisted.
3. Keep your elbows comfortably close to your body.
4. Use a chair that provides support for your lower back and has a
cushioned seat with a contoured front edge.
5. Keep your mouse close to your keyboard so you don't have to reach
for it.
6. Position your computer display so the top of the screen is at or slightly
below eye level. This will allow you to view the screen without bending your
neck.
7. Adjust the position of your display to prevent reflections of overhead
and outdoor lighting appearing on your screen.
8. Put your monitor close enough to your eyes so you can comfortably
read text on the screen without leaning forward.
9. When working with print documents, use a document holder that
positions them at the same height and distance as your computer screen.
 10. Use a hands-free headset when talking on the phone while working
at your computer.

Adjust the height of your chair and desk so that:

Your upper arms are perpendicular to the floor, not stretched forward
or angled backward
 Your forearms, wrists and hands form a 90-degree angle with your
upper arms.
 Your thighs are parallel to the floor and your lower legs are
perpendicular to the floor
 Your wrists and palms are not resting on sharp edges

What I Have Learned

W
 Answer the following question to check what you have learned in this
lesson:
1. In your own words, what is computer ergonomics?
2. What do you feel after using the computer the whole day?
3. How do practice computer ergonomics to prevent any injury from
prolonged computer use?

Assessment
W
Self – Check 2.2

A. Direction: Read each question carefully. Write your answer in your

quiz notebook

1. Which of the following might be considered as ergonomic concerns?

A. An uncomfortable chair
B. The position of the speakers next to the computer
C. The position of the microphone next to the computer
D. The position of the High speed USB socket on the processor

2. When seated, the height of the keyboard should be

A. A foot above your knees - it helps the keep the wrists straight
B. Wherever you lap happens to be
C. Approximately at your elbow height
D. Positioned wherever you like

3. Which of the following activities involve repetitive motion?

A. Typing on a keyboard
B. Moving and clicking the mouse
C. Looking back and forth between the monitor and the source
D. All of the above

4. The chair should be adjusted to at least provide support to what part of

the back?
A. The shoulder blades
B. The lumbar region
C. The middle of the back
D. The waist

5. It is best to position your computer monitor so that

A. You can clearly read the text without leaning forward, twisting
your neck or looking too far upwards
B. You can see overhead lights reflected on the screen
 C. You have to lean forward to clearly see the text
D. All of the above

B. Direction: Answer this question in 5 - 10 sentences. Write your answer in

your quiz notebook.

1. How do you reduce the risk of stress, physical injury and computer eye
strain from prolonged computer use?