0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views21 pages

7 NETWORK PROTOCOLS Protocol Packet IP Address Subnetmask 1

The document provides an overview of network protocols, focusing on the importance of packets and their structure in data communication. It outlines the functions of protocols, common protocol suites, and the significance of IP addressing in identifying devices on a network. Additionally, it explains how to determine network and host IDs using subnet masks.

Uploaded by

romnicktorres883
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views21 pages

7 NETWORK PROTOCOLS Protocol Packet IP Address Subnetmask 1

The document provides an overview of network protocols, focusing on the importance of packets and their structure in data communication. It outlines the functions of protocols, common protocol suites, and the significance of IP addressing in identifying devices on a network. Additionally, it explains how to determine network and host IDs using subnet masks.

Uploaded by

romnicktorres883
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

NETWORK PROTOCOLS

Prepared by: Mr. Rhoniel Faustino


Lesson Objectives:

• Define packets and their importance to data


communication
• Identify the functions of protocols in a network
• Describe the common protocols found in various
networks and their implementation
• To be familiar with the IP addressing
UNDERSTANDING PACKETS
• Packets and protocols are thee basic elements of data
transmission over the network. Without them, networks will be
useless.
• Packets (also knowns as datagram, frame or cell) and protocols
allow different application to communicate with any device on
the network.
• Packets contain information about the source and destination of
the data as well as other control information, while protocols are
used to encapsulate those data and information.
UNDERSTANDING PACKETS
• Packets carry data from one point to another with the help of
protocols. During the process, protocols require that packets
contain information that will ensure successful transmission of
data.
• Protocol defines structure of a packet. This is very essential
because it a packet is structured incorrectly, it is considered
corrupted and ignored by the receiving device.
UNDERSTANDING PACKETS
• Packets may vary in size and structure, but generally it include:
1. A header
2. A payload(data)
3. An optional trailer(footer)
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
• Protocol is set of rules that define how machines on a network
communicate. In order to converse, devices must agree on a
common protocol and understand the rules in these protocol for
successful transmission.
• Protocols may be grouped together to enhance their
functionalities – that group is also known as protocol suite. Most
commonly known protocol suites are Internetwork Packet
Exchange(IPX) and Sequenced Packet Exchange(SPX), the
Internet’s TCP/IP protocol suite, NetBeui(NetBIOS Extended
User Interface) and AppleTalk.
FUNCTION OF PROTOCOLS

• Segmentation and • Error Control


reassembly • Synchronization
• Encapsulation • Addressing
• Connection control • Multiplexing
• Ordered delivery • Transmission Services
• Flow delivery
Popular Protocol Suites

MICROSOFT PROTOCOLS TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE


1. Server Message Block (SMB) 1. Application Layer Protocols
2. NetBIOS 2. Transport Layer Protocols
3. NetBEUI 3. Internet Layer Protocols
4. Network Driver Interface 4. Network Layer Protocols
Specification(NDIS)
Popular Protocol Suites
IPX/SPX PROTOCOL SUITE OTHER PROTOCOL SUITE
1. Multiple Link Interface Driver 1. Apple Talk
(MLID) Protocol
2. Digital Network Architecture
2. Link Support Layer (LSL) Protocol Protocols
3. Internetwork Packet
Exchanging(IPX) 3. Ethernet Protocol
4. Sequenced Packet Exchange 4. Digital Data Communication
5. Network Link Services Message Protocol(DDCMP)
Protocol(NLSP)
6. NetWare Core Protocol(NCP)
7. Service Access Protocol(SAP)
IP Addressing
• An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the
internet or a local network. IP stands for "Internet Protocol,"
which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the
internet or local network.
• In essence, IP addresses are the identifier that allows information
to be sent between devices on a network: they contain location
information and make devices accessible for communication. The
internet needs a way to differentiate between different
computers, routers, and websites. IP addresses provide a way of
doing so and form an essential part of how the internet works.
IP Addressing
• Before two computers on a network can communicate,
they need to know how to contact each other, just as
every computer has MAC(Physical) address that is
encoded into the network card; computers also have an
IP(Logical) address. This is an address that is usually set
by the administrator, though the network protocol suite
sometimes automatically sets it.
IP Addressing
• Every host an a TCP/IP network is given an IP Address. This
address is a unique 4-byte(32 bit) address in dotted notation.
Each byte , or octet, is represented by a decimal number from 0
to 255 and separated by a period. Although eight bits have 256
possible combinations, the numbers 0 and 255 are reserved for
broadcasts as stated earlier. Both network and hosts (individual
computers) can used the number 1 through 254 only. Part of the
IP Address indicates which network the computer is located,
whereas the remainder f the address represents the hosts ID of
that computer.
IP Addressing
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
192.168.8.10
bytes/octets
Binary
11000000 10101000 00001000 00001010
format

128+64 128+32+8 8 8+2


IP Addressing
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
224.130.25.50
bytes/octets
Binary
11100000 10000010 00011001 00110010
format

128+64+32 128+32+8 16+8+1 32+16+2


IP Addressing(Practice 1)
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
199.110.125.10
bytes/octets
Binary
11000111 01101110 01111101 00001010
format
128+64+4+2+1 64+32+8+4+2 64+32+16+8+4+1 8+2
IP Address Classes
IP address Number of Number of
Class Network Mask Prefix
range Networks host

A 1-127 255.0.0.0 /8 125 16,77,214

B 128-191 255.255.0.0 /16 16,384 65,534

C 192-223 255.255.255.0 /24 2,097,152 254

D 224-239 Multicast Addresses

E 240-254 Restricted/Experimental

127.0.0.0 is a reserved IP Address


IP Address Classes
Assigning IP Addresses
SUBNET MASK

CLASS SUBNET MASK


A 255.0.0.0
B 255.255.0.0
C 255.255.255.0
IDENTIFYING NETWORK ID AND HOST ID

NETWORK
IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK HOST ID
ID
192.168.2.5 255.255.255.0 192.168.2 5

223.200.10.6 255.255.255.0 223.200.10 6

110.22.100.9 255.0.0.0 110 22.100.9


162.10.120.1 255.255.0.0 162.10 120.1

128.190.2.10 255.255.0.0 128.190 2.10


References:

➢ Digna, D.S, & Mendoza, R.A, & Gonzales, L.Y.Introduction to


networking and Web Page Development
➢ https://youtu.be/q7wNcYliJ1Q

You might also like