WRITING TASK 1 - INTRODUCTION

150 words - 20 mins - 33% (⅓)

People aged 40-49

How many people fell into 40-49 age group
… people in Vietnam were in the 40-49 age bracket
The number of 40-49-year-olds
those in the ages from 40 to 49
the number of people who were in the 40-49 age category/cohort/band
● The number of people aged 40 to 49
● …..(number) people were in the 40-49 age bracket
● the number of 40-49-year-olds …
● those in the ages from 40 to 49
● the number of people who were in the 40-49 age category/ cohort/band
● people who fell into the 40 to 49 age group
people falling into the 40 to 49 age group
● people who were between 40 and 49 years old
● people between 40 and 49 years old
● people who were aged 40 to 49
● 40-to 49-year-old people
● the 40-49 age group
● the 40-49s
● people who were in their forties = people in their forties.
● People in the age range of 40 to 49

ư
Ways to express a time period: 1980 - 2010
1. Over a period of 30 years from 1980 to 2010
2. Over a 30-year period from 1980
3. During the period from 1980 to 2010

● from … to..= between… and…

● throughout
● in 2000
● over the next 10 years
● in the next 3 decades
 ● over the period shown/ examined

intro => overview => 2 bodies (150 words)

INTRODUCTORY PARAGRAPH

The graph below shows the number of complaints made about noise to
Environmental Health authorities in the city of Newtown between 1980 and
1996. (pie)
The given pie chart illustrates how many complaints about noise were made to
Environmental Health authorities in the city of Newtown during the period
from 1980 to 1996.

The given table illustrates the amount of oil consumed on a daily basis in 4 different
countries between 2000 and 2004.
the given graph illustrates the share of African residents who subscribes to mobile and fixed
line phones between 1994 and 2004

OVERVIEW
FEATURES
• Highest figures
• Lowest figures
• Most drastic changes
• Stability
• Similar patterns
• Opposite patterns

Overall, there was an increase in …. (with… witnessing

the most dramatic rise), while a decrease was seen
in…..In addition,... has the highest figure…
A rise was seen/ witnessed
Overall, there was an increase in …. (with… witnessing
the most dramatic rise), while a decrease was seen
in…..
In addition,... has the highest figure…
Overall, there was an increase in the proportion of renewable
energy generated in all given countries with Germany
witnessing the most dramatic rise between 2010 and 2013.
In addition, Germany has the highest figure in the examined
period.
The figure for Germany was highest during the period. but by 2004, it was
overtook/surpassed by THAT OF B
A overtake (overtook) B as the most…

Overall, there was an increase in …. (with… witnessing

the most dramatic rise), while a decrease was seen
in…..
In addition,... has the highest figure…
Overall, there was an increase in the quantity of complaints made
about traffic, households, and factories with THE FIGURE FOR
households witnessing the most dramatic rise, while a decrease was
seen in that of road work. In addition, households had the highest
figure in the examined period. from 1980 onwards.
In addition/ additionally, the complaints about the
households and traffic noise also had similar patterns.

IELTS WRITING TASK 1:

make comparison
 USEFUL LANGUAGE TO COMPARE

Sử dụng các liên từ (từ nối)

So sánh tương đồng:

● Similarly, S + V

Ví dụ: The percentage of young people in higher education in country B remained at

around 40% during the given period. Similarly, after increasing to 52%, that of country
D stayed unchanged until 2010.

● Likewise, S + V

Ví dụ: In 2030, the number of barrels consumed per day in the USA is expected to fall to
7.8 million. Likewise, that of Western Europe and Japan is predicted to experience a
drop and finally hit its bottom of 2 million.

Tương tự, người học cũng có thể sử dụng 2 cụm “in the same way” và “in a similar
way” với nghĩa tương tự.

● In the same way, S + V

● In a similar way, S + V

So sánh tương phản:

● However, S + V hoặc S, however, V

= Nevertheless, S + V

Ví dụ: The proportion of moviegoers aged 7-14, however, decreased slightly and became
equal to that of their 25-35 counterparts in the same year.

● While S1 + V1, S2 + V2

Ví dụ:

While the amount of beef eaten sharply decreased to approximately 50 pounds, the
consumption of broilers underwent a dramatic growth to just under 60 pounds, with
figures eventually surpassing those for beef

● Whereas S1 + V1, S2 + V2

= S1 + V1. Meanwhile, S2 + V2

Ví dụ:

● It is noticeable that monthly figures for precipitation in Kolkata vary

considerably, whereas monthly temperatures remain relatively stable.
 ● It is anticipated that there will be a sharp decline in the oil
consumption of the US, before moderately dropping to just under 8
million million in 2030. Meanwhile, after steadily climbing until
2025, the number of oil barrels consumed by China is expected to fall
to just under 4 million million in the end.
● By/In contrast, S + V

Ví dụ: By 2000, the production of paper and packaging had sharply increased and
reached a peak of 350 million. By/In contrast, the figure for sawn-wood continued to
fall and finally hit its bottom of about 130 million, even lower than that for wood pulp,
at about 160 million.

● On the other hand, S + V

Ví dụ: The period between 1985 and 1995 saw a sharp climb in the annual spending on
men’s clothes. On the other hand, the yearly expenditure on women’s clothes grew more
significantly, reaching a peak of just under $700 in 2005.

Sử dụng các cấu trúc so sánh hơn/kém/bằng

Khi nhắc đến so sánh, bên cạnh việc sử dụng các liên từ đề cập ở trên, ta không thể
không nhắc đến việc sử dụng các cấu trúc so sánh hơn/kém/bằng.

So sánh bằng
Cách 1: S1+ V + as/so +adj/adv + as + S2

Ví dụ: The coat costs three times as much as the other one.

Cách 2: S1 + V + the same + Noun + as + S2

Ví dụ: The UAE produced the same amount of oil as Saudi Arabia.

So sánh hơn/kém

S + V + “short adj/ adv + er/ more + long adj/ adv” + than + noun/ pronoun/ clause

Ví dụ: It is clear that British people spent more money than people in the other three
countries on all six goods.

So sánh nhất

Trong hầu hết các dạng biểu đồ Task 1, việc sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh nhất sẽ giúp
người viết chỉ ra được một mốc/điểm cao nhất/thấp nhất của một xu hướng/biểu
đồ, và đặc biệt việc sử dụng so sánh nhất sẽ giúp dễ dàng nêu được thông tin nổi
bật trong phần Tổng quan (overview).

Ví dụ: Of the three countries, Japan has the lowest proportion of employees in the
industrial sector.

Ngoài việc sử dụng các cấu trúc so sánh nhất thông thường với the
most/least/fewest, người học có thể sử dụng cấu trúc by far + so sánh nhất (the
most/the highest number of…) để tăng mức độ nhấn mạnh trong câu.

Ví dụ:

● Paper and packaging were manufactured by far the most among

three provided products. ● Beef was by far the most popular of the four
types of meat.

Hoặc, người học có thể sử dụng các từ vựng như “the majority”, “the minority” để
chỉ đến phần đa số hay thiểu số.

Ví dụ: The minority of Japanese workers are employed in the agricultural sector.

Bên cạnh đó, người học cũng có thể học cách sử dụng một số cách diễn đạt khác để
câu văn hay hơn, chẳng hạn:

● X + make(s) up the largest percentage of..., whereas the lowest figure(s)

is/are mainly recorded for + Y

Ví dụ:

● The elderly made up the largest percentage of the population in New Zealand.
● The proportion of the 15-24 age group was highest while the lowest figures were
always recorded for the oldest group within this 16-year time frame.
● be recorded to be at the top of the list
Ví dụ: The proportion of the 15-25 age group was recorded to

be at the top of the list. ● be the largest

producer/consumer of ...

Ví dụ: Overall, Japan was the largest consumer of New

Zealand’s kiwi fruit all time. ● be + the least/most

favoured/preferred

Ví dụ: Travelling by train was the least favoured form of transportation.

● be + the most common/popular + N.

Ví dụ: Motorcycle is the most popular means of transport.

Sử dụng ngôn ngữ so sánh cấp số

Đây là các từ vựng vừa là tính từ vừa là động từ, do đó khi sử dụng, người học cần
đảm bảo nắm chắc cách dùng để tránh sử dụng sai.

Xét “double” làm ví dụ.

Khi “double” là tính từ, ta có thể sử dụng như sau:

● There + be + (a/an) + “double” + noun + in “what”

Ví dụ: There was a double increase in the number of jobless people from 700 to 1500

between 2010 and 2015.

● Time + witness/see + (a/an) + “double” + noun + in “what”

Ví dụ: The period between 2010 and 2015 witnessed a double increase in the number of
jobless people from 700 to 1500.
 ● Hoặc có thể linh đông so sánh các vế trong câu như sau:

Oil consumption in Western Europe and Japan was 4 million, which was double 2
millions million of barrels in each of the remaining regions: China and Middle East.

Khi “double” là động từ, ta có thể sử dụng như sau:

Ví dụ: The consumption of beef doubled since the 1960, to around

90 pounds per capita. Hoặc linh động ứng dụng trong câu như

sau:

The figure for X + be + X's number, (almost/more than) double/triple the figure
for Y, at Y's number

Ví dụ: 350 million tonnes of paper and packaging had been produced, more than
double 160 million tonnes of wood pulp and almost triple 130 million tonnes of sawn
wood.

Tương tự với các từ triple/quadruple/quintuple.

● Twofold/Threefold/Fourfold/Fivefold

Tương tự, các từ trên vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ nên sẽ có hai

cách dùng tương ứng. Xét “twofold” làm ví dụ.

● Khi “twofold” là tính từ, “twofold” sẽ đứng trước danh từ:

There was a near twofold increase in the number of children playing sports.

● Khi “twofold” là trạng từ, “twofold” sẽ đứng sau động từ:

The number of children playing sports increased twofold

between 2005 and 2010. Tương tự với các từ

threefold/fourfold/fivefold.

● Twice/three times/four times as/compared to

Cấu trúc:

S + V + twice/three times/ four times/…+ as + much/many/adj/adv + (N) + as +

N/pronoun. Ví dụ:

● There were twice as many children playing sports in 2009 as in 2005.

● Twice as many children played sports in 2009 compared to 2005.
● In 2010, the total value of New Zealand’s kiwi fruit in Japan was recorded at
271,1 million dollars, which was nearly 4 times as much as that in China.

Một số cấu trúc mở rộng khác

Tương tự như cấu trúc so sánh chung khi gặp khó khăn trong vấn đề xác định được
độ chênh lệch giữa hai đối tượng, ngoài việc sử dụng các trạng từ đi kèm tính từ so
sánh hơn, người học cũng có thể sử dụng các cấu trúc sau để cho thấy sự đối chiếu
giữa các đối tượng:

● X + be + tỉ lệ/con số + higher/lower than + Y

Ví dụ: The average figure for Country C was 10% higher than that of Country B, which
was recorded at around 50% most of the time.
● Trong trường hợp các con số có độ chênh lệch quá lớn và người học không thể
tính ra được tỉ lệ - độ chênh lệch đấy, người học vẫn có thể sử dụng cách so
sánh một cách chung hơn bằng cách sử dụng cách diễn đạt Trạng từ + Tính
từ so sánh hơn, chẳng hạn: “slightly/significantly/far higher/lower than”

Ví dụ:

● The average price of a house in London was 20,000 pounds, which

was significantly/ far higher than that of England, at around
13,000 pounds.
● The proportion of small businesses using social media accounted for
about 28%, which is slightly lower than that of medium-sized ones.
 ● X consumes slightly more beef than Y.
● Compared to/with/ In comparison with N

Ví dụ: Compared to/ with/in comparison with (prices in) Canada and Australia,

prices in the UK are high.

● As compared to/ As opposed to

Ví dụ: Females accounted for over 90% of the teaching staff at Primary school as
opposed to/compared to/in comparison with only 10% male counterparts.

● ...X's number, followed by Y's number of Y

Ví dụ: The highest amount of annual daytime on average is recorded for New York
at 2535 hours per ear, followed closely by 2473 hours of Sydney.

Bên cạnh đó, khi muốn diễn tả các xu hướng tương đồng/đối lập nhau, thay vì liệt
kê thông tin của từng đối tượng và sử dụng các liên từ “Similarly” hay “By
Contrast” như phần lý thuyết bên trên, người học có thể làm cho câu văn ngắn gọn
hơn bằng cách sử dụng cách diễn đạt “a (quite) similar/opposite pattern is/was
repeated for/seen in”.

● a (quite) similar/opposite pattern is/was repeated for/seen in…

Ví dụ: Oil consumption in the USA increased slightly to reach its peak of 10 million
barrels in 2015. A similar pattern was recorded for/seen in the number of barrels
consumed in China and Middle East during the same period.

Tương tự, cách diễn đạt “while the opposite is/was true for” cũng là một cách diễn
đạt hay, đặc biệt có thể sử dụng trong phần Tổng quan (Overall) để có thể chỉ ra hai
xu hướng - thông tin trái ngược nhau mà vẫn đảm bảo câu văn ngắn gọn, súc tích.

● ...while the opposite is/was true for…

Ví dụ: Brazil, Vietnam and Indonesia experienced an upward trends in their coffee
production, while the opposite was true for Colombia.
Khi muốn chỉ ra một đối tượng có xu hướng đối lập/tương đồng, người học cũng có
thể sử dụng cấu trúc “show a similar/different pattern”.

● X + that show(s/ed) a similar/different pattern + be…

Ví dụ: The one country that showed a different pattern was Colombia.

Khi muốn diễn tả hai đối tượng có số liệu tương đương nhau, người học cũng có thể
sử dụng cách diễn đạt “share the same percentage/number of…”

● X and Y share the same percentage/number of…

Ví dụ: Vietnam and China share the same percentage with 14 percent each.

LANGUAGE FOR GROUPING

Body 1
● Looking first at ….(categories/ areas with decreases)(countries with
significant changes)
● Regarding…(countries with significant changes)
● As for…(countries with significant changes)
● Between …(2005 and 2008)
● In the first 40 years
Body 2
● Turning to (the USA)
● Turning next to (age groups whose sizes expanded)
● In terms of..(countries with significant changes)
● Moving on to (the USA and the UK)
● In 2012
● From.. to..
Overall/ Looking from an overall perspective, there
was an increase in …. (with… witnessing the most
dramatic rise), while a decrease was seen in…..In
addition,... has the highest figure…

INTRODUCTION
The chart shows the proportion of renewable energy in total energy supply in 4
countries from 1997 to 2010

The given bar chart illustrates how much the renewable energy was used in 4 different
countries, including/ namely Australia, Sweden, Iceland, Turkey between 1997 and
2010.
Looking from an overall perspective, there was an increase in the figure for the
consumption of renewable energy in Iceland and Sweden, with the data on Iceland
witnessing the most dramatic rise, while a decrease was seen in that of Australia and
Turkey. In addition, Iceland consistently( always) had the BY FAR highest figure in the
examined period.

●
 ●
● the proportion of renewable energy
● how much the renewable energy was used
● the percentage renewable energy consumption
● the share of the energy sources
● the figure for energy made from renewable sources
● the data on this source of energy
● the use of this source of energy
● this kind of energy
● renewable energy consumption= the consumption of renewable energy

Paraphrase sự tiêu thụ và sản xuất

Khi muốn nói sự tiêu thụ X ta có các cụm từ:
● the consumption of X
● the amount of X consumed/used
● the number of X consumed/
● X consumption
● X usage
Khi muốn nói sự sản xuất X ta có các cụm từ:
● the production of X
● the amount of X produced
● the number of X produced
● X production
Lưu ý:
● the amount of + danh từ không đếm được
● the number of + danh từ đếm được số nhiều
COMPLEX STRUCTURE FOR BODY PARAGRAPH

STRUCTURE 1: STARTED AT (highest in the first year)

•.... Started at..., after which it experienced a rise/growth/ decline to… in...,
before (.... and ending the period at...
• The number of students studying abroad started at 0.4 million, after
which it experienced/ witnessed/ saw a dramatic rise to 1.4 million in 1985,
before ending the period at 0.8.

iceland 47, 60, peak at/ reach a peak at 70

Regarding countries that increasingly relied on renewable energy sources

Regarding countries with increases in the usage of renewable sources, The
figure for renewable energy consumption of Iceland started at around 47% in 1997,
after which it experienced a rise to 60% in 2000, before reaching its peak and ending the
period at 70%. Similar changes can be seen in the figure for Sweden, but to a much
lesser extent, which gradually rose from 6% in 1997 to 7% in the next year and then
continued to climb to 9% in the final year.

As for countries with decreases in usage of renewable energy, 38% of the energy supply
came from renewable sources in Sweden in 1997, with a marginal rise to over 40% and
a final drop to 32%. Meanwhile, the use of this kind of energy in Australia was at 9% in
1997, followed by a decrease of 5% in 2010

STRUCTURE 2: SIMILAR/ OPPOSITE CHANGES

● Similar/ opposite changes can be seen in the figure(s) for .., (but to a
much lesser extent), which …..
● The figure for ... saw similar/ opposite changes, (but to a much
lesser extent), V-ing

Opposite changes can be seen in the figure for factory noise, which gradually
grew to around 700 in 1986 and then decreased slightly to 650 in 1996.

The figure for factory noise saw similar changes, gradually growing to around
700 in 1986 and then slightly decreasing to 650 in 1996.

sweden 6.7.9 (in the first, in the final year)

STRUCTURE 3: DATA, WITH A SUBSEQUENT
…. Data...., with a subsequent... and a final...
• 0.4 million students studied abroad in 1970 in the US, with a subsequent
considerable/significant rise to 1.4 million and a final drop to 0.8.

38, above 40, 32

STRUCTURE 4: THE NUMBER/ AMOUNT/ PROPORTION OF

• The number/ amount/ proportion....+ change, ending/ reaching ...
• The number of students studying abroad increased sharply, reaching a
peak of 1.4 in 1985, but it later dropped to 0.8 in the last year of the period
examined.

9-7-5 (halve)

STRUCTURE NUMBER 5: …WAS AT, FOLLOWED BY…

• .... Was at..., followed by a (slow/ significant) increase/ decrease to...
• The number of students studying abroad in 1970 was 0.4 million, followed by a significant increase
to reach a peak of 1.4 million in 1985, and a final drop to 0.8 15 years later.
• The number of students studying abroad increased significantly from 0.4 million in 1970 to reach a
peak of 1.4 million in 1985, followed by a final drop to 0.8 15 years later.

Meanwhile, there was a steady fall in renewable energy consumption in

Australia, decreasing from just under 10% to only 5% in 2010
HOMEWORK
The bar chart details the amount of waste that was disposed via landfill, burning
and dumping at sea, in a particular European country between 2005 and 2008.

version 1
● The chart illustrates how much waste was disposed of in a European country
between 2005 and 2008.
● Overall, there was a significant decline in the amount of waste buried in
landfill, while a gradual rise was seen in the figure for the burning method.
Additionally, the amount of waste dumped at sea saw almost no changes.
● The amount of waste buried in landfill sites in 2005 was 1800 million tonnes,
after which it dropped significantly to 1200 million tonnes in 2006, before
ending the period at 600 million tonnes in 2008.
● Opposite changes, but to a lesser extent, can be seen in the figure for garbage
being incinerated, rising gradually from 500 million tonnes in 2005 to 900
million tonnes in 2008.
● 600 million tonnes of trash was dumped at sea, with a stability until 2007, and
a final slight fall to about 590 million tonnes.

‘
version 2
The chart illustrates how much waste was disposed of in a European country between 2005
and 2008.
Overall, there was a significant decline in the amount of waste buried in landfill, while a
gradual rise was seen in the figure for the burning method. Additionally, the amount of waste
dumped at sea saw almost no changes.

Between 2005 and 2007, despite recording a sharp fall, landfill was the most popular waste
treatment method. 1,800,000 tons of waste was buried in landfill sites at the start of the
period, which was three times as much as the other two methods. Waste treated at landfill
sites then halved two years later, decreasing to 900,000 tons. By contrast, more waste was
incinerated each year, with figures rising from 500,000 in 2005 tons to 700,000 tons in 2007.
Finally, the amount of waste discarded at sea stayed the same at 600,000 tons during this
period.
In 2008, the most significant feature is that despite being the least popular waste disposal
method in 2005, burning became the most commonly used one over the period, with 900,000
tons of waste treated in this way. Conversely, even less waste was treated in landfill sites in
2008 than in the preceding years, as only 600,000 tons was buried, still slightly higher than
the amount of waste dumped in oceans, which recorded a negligible fall

Essay
The bar chart details the amount of waste that was disposed via landfill, burning
and dumping at sea, in a particular European country between 2005 and 2008.

in an Australian city => in a city in Australia

The given chart illustrates how much waste was disposed of in various ways in a European
country from 2005 to 2008.

Looking from an overall perspective, there was a significant decline in the amount of waste
buried in landfill, while a gradual rise was seen in the figure for burning. In addition, the
quantity of waste dumped at sea saw almost no changes.

As for methods with decreases in usage, the data on burying in landfill sites started at 1800
million tonnes in 2005, after which it experienced a double drop to 900 million tonnes in the
next two years, before reaching its trough at 600 million tonnes in 2008. 600 million tonnes
of trash was dumped at sea, with a stability until 2007, and a final slight fall to about 590
million tonnes.

Opposite changes can be seen in the figure for garbage being incinerated, rising gradually
from 500 million tonnes in 2005 to 900 million tonnes in 2008.