ST.

JAGO HIGH SCHOOL

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

LEVEL: 10

CURRICULUM SOURCE: CSEC Chemistry

NUMBER OF WEEKS: 30 weeks

DESCRIPTION

This program is a mixture of selected topics from section A and C. Section A which is
designed as an introduction to fundamental chemical concepts and principles. A study of the
particulate nature of matter, structure, bonding, chemical properties and physical properties of
elements, compounds and mixtures is included as well as certain quantitative properties.
Comprehension of these concepts and principles will help students appreciate the importance
of chemistry as it relates to the environment and the daily activities of man. Section C focuses
on Metals and non-metals are two types of elements which, based on their reactivity, can
exist as free elements or in a combined state as compounds. The methods of extraction of
metals and the laboratory preparation of some non-metals are investigated. A study of the
physical properties, chemical properties and the uses of metals, non-metals and their
compounds is integrally linked to their impact on living systems and the environment.

TEACHING METHODOLOGY & APPROACH

- Lecture
- Guided discovery/inquiry
- Research and presentations
- Computer simulations & models
- Computer assisted instruction.
- Multimedia instruction
- Project-based learning
- Problem-solving
RESOURCES

Teachers and students may find reference to the following resource materials useful. The
latest editions are recommended.
• Chapman, S., Luttig, D., Murray, J., Ritchie, E. and Tindale, A. Chemistry for CSEC,
United Kingdom: Nelson Thornes Limited, 2009.
• Clarke, J. and Oliver, R. Chemistry for CSEC, Jamaica: Carlong Publishers
(Caribbean) Limited, 2008.
• Nazir, Joanne Chemistry Explained. A CECEC Course: Caribbean Educational
Publishers, 2010.
 • Taylor, M. and Chung-Harris, T. CXC Chemistry, Oxford: Macmillan Education,
2006.
• Remy C. Mason, L. Chemistry for CSEC Revised Edition: Oxford Heineman 2007.
WEBSITES
• www.Chemsoc.org
• www.Chemguide.co.uk
• www.creative-chemistry.org.uk
• www.asc.org
• www.epa.gov
• www.rsc.org

CONTENT – Principles of Chemistry:

Term 1 – September to December

1. Mixture and Separation Techniques
2. Structure and bonding
3. Periodic Table and Periodicity
4. Metals and reactivity of metals
5. Nonmetals
6. Qualitative Analysis
7. Water

Term 2 – January to April

8. Mole Concept
9. Acids, Bases, and Salt

Term 3 – April to June

10. Rate of reaction
11. Energetics
12. The physical and chemical properties of water

TERM 1

Topic 1: Mixtures and Separation Techniques

Learning Outcomes: Duration:

Student should be able to:

1. Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures.

2. Distinguish among solutions, suspensions, and colloids.
3. Identify different types of solutions.
4. Investigate the effect of temperature on solubility of solids in water.
5. Apply suitable separation techniques based on differences in properties of the
components of mixtures. Use of simple filtration, simple and fractional distillation, paper
chromatography, and the separating funnel.
6. Describe the extraction of sucrose from sugar cane.

CONTENT

1. Elements, compounds, atoms, molecules, fixed composition, properties, variable

composition, variable properties. Compare the boiling point of pure water and
sodium chloride solution.
2. Reference to particle sizes, passage of light, sedimentation. Filtration, use of lamp
light to view particles.
3. Types of solutions: solid in liquid, solid in solid, gas in liquid, liquid in liquid, gas
in gas. Observe examples of each type of solution. Determine the solubility of a
solute in water, for example, potassium nitrate.
4. Examples showing that a decrease in solubility with increasing temperature will
not be required.
5. Properties to be included: particle size, boiling point, crystalline structure,
solubility and solute mobility in solvent. Include line drawing to represent the
separation process. Use of simple filtration, simple and fractional distillation,
paper chromatography, and the separating funnel.
6. A simple treatment of the following crushing, precipitation, filtration, vacuum
distillation, crystallization, centrifugation.

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

Topic 2: Structure and Bonding

Learning Outcomes: Duration:

Student should be able to:

1. Describe with illustrations the structure of atoms of atomic number 1 to 20.

2. State properties of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
3. Explain how an atom becomes an ion
4. Explain the formation of ionic and covalent bonds.
5. Draw dot and cross diagrams to show ionic and covalent bonding.
6. Predict the likelihood of an atom forming an ionic or a covalent bond based on atomic
structure.
7. Write formulae to represent ions, molecules, and formula units.
8. Explain metallic bonding.
9. Describe ionic crystals, simple molecular crystals, and giant molecular crystals.
10. Make diagrammatic representations of sodium chloride, graphite, and diamond.
11. Make models of sodium chloride, graphite, and diamond.
12. Distinguish between ionic and molecular solids.
13. Investigate melting point and solubility of solids and conductivity of resulting solutions.
14. Relate the structure of sodium chloride, diamond and graphite to their properties and uses.
15. Use melting point, solubility in water, conductivity, hardness and lubricating power.
16. Explain the term allotropy.

CONTENT

1) An atom forming an ionic or a covalent bond based on atomic structure

2) The formation of ionic and covalent bonds
3) Molecules and formula units
4) Metallic bonding
a) Arrangement of cations and mobile electrons
5) Types of crystal structure
a) Ionic crystals
b) simple molecular crystals
c) giant molecular crystals
i) Behaviour in terms of: melting point, solubility in water and organic
solvents, and conductivity
6) Structure of sodium chloride, diamond and graphite to their properties and uses;
a) Use melting point, solubility in water, conductivity, hardness and lubricating
power.
7) Allotropy.
a) Diamond and graphite

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

Assessment Activity –

Topic 3: Periodic Table and Periodicity

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Explain the basis for the arrangement of elements in the periodic table.
2. Define atomic number and mass number.
3. Define relative atomic mass.
4. Interpret notations of the form 𝑎𝑏𝑋
a. a – mass number
b. b – atomic number
c. X – symbol of atom.
5. Define isotopy.
6. List uses of radioactive isotopes. At least three uses of radioactive isotopes; for
example, carbon dating, radiotherapy, tracers, pacemakers and energy generation.
1. Explain trends in Group II.
2. Explain trends in Group VII.
3. Identify trends in period 3.
4. Predict properties of unknown elements based on the position in periodic table.
 CONTENT

1. Historical development of the periodic table, for example, contributions from

Mendeleev and Dobereiner.
2. Classification based on atomic number, atomic structure.
3. Arrangement in periods and groups II
a. Ease of ionisation, reactivity with oxygen, water, and dilute hydrochloric
acid.
4. Reactions of magnesium and calcium with water, air, and dilute hydrochloric acid.
5. Trends in Group VII
a. Properties: physical state at room temperature, strength of oxidising power.
6. Trends in period 3
a. Metallic to semi-metallic to non-metallic properties.
ASSESMENET MEASURES

1. Lab activities – simulations (practice and graded)

2. Graded worksheet

Topic 4: Metals and reactivity of metals

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Describe the physical and chemical properties of metals.

2. Describe the reactions of metallic oxides, hydroxides, nitrates and carbonates.
3. Discuss the reactivity of metals.
4. Deduce the order of reactivity of metals based on experimental results or data supplies.

CONTENT

1. Define elements and molecules. Physical properties melting point, boiling point,
conductivity, lustre, hardness, density.
2. Chemical properties to include action of oxygen, water, dilute hydrochloric acid,
dilute sulfuric acid.
3. Reactivity of metal
4. Physical examinations and reactions of various metals, including zinc, iron, sodium,
calcium, magnesium, aluminium, copper.
5. Reaction of acids with sodium and calcium should not be attempted.
6. Reaction with dilute acid, action of heat
7. Reactivity based on displacement reactions, reactions with oxygen, relative ease of
decomposition of their nitrates, carbonates, oxides and hydroxides.

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Lab activity - Testing for cations

Topic 5: Nonmetals

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Describe the physical and chemical properties of nonmetals.

2. Describe the laboratory preparation of gases.
3. Explain the use of gases based on their properties.
4. List uses of the nonmetals.
5. Discuss the harmful effects of non-metal on living systems and the environment.

CONTENT

1. Hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, carbon, sulphur, nitrogen. Reactions with oxygen and
metals, oxidising and reducing properties. Physical properties (melting point, boiling
point, conductivity, lustre, hardness, density). Burning of sulphur and carbon
conductivity of carbon and sulphur
2. Preparation of O2, CO2, NH3. Relate methods of drying and collection to the
properties of gas (density, solubility, and reaction with drying agents). Preparation of
gases, line drawings of apparatus used.
3. Example: carbon dioxide in fire extinguishers, oxygen in hospitals and for welding.
Carbon, sulphur, phosphorus, chlorine, nitrogen, silicon, and their compounds;
Inclusion of insecticides, strengthening of plastics with fibre, jewellery, tyre
manufacture, matches, phosphate and other fertilisers (NPK), bleaches, glass,
ceramics.
4. Pollution and role played by sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulphide,
oxide of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, chlorofluoro carbons, nitrates, phosphates,
herbicides and pesticides; problem of disposal of solid waste (nonmetal, example,
plastics).

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Worksheet

Topic 6: Qualitative Analysis

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Identify cations - Pb2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, NH4+, Cu2+.
2. Identify anions - CO3 2-, SO4 2-, SO3 2- , NO3 -, Br-, I-, CI-.
3. Identify gases - H2, O2, CO2, NH3, SO2, Cl2, NO2, H2O.

CONTENT
 1. Cations - Pb2+, Al3+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, NH4+, Cu2+. The following criteria to be
used for identification; (a) metallic ions - colour, solubility of the hydroxides in: (i)
aqueous sodium hydroxide
2. Anions - CO3 2-, SO4 2-, SO3 2- , NO3 -, Br-, I-, CI-. The following criteria to be used for
identification:
a. Evolution and identification of gases produced when compounds containing the
anions are:
i. heated strongly,
ii. treated with acid (dilute and concentrated)
b. Colour and solubility of the silver halide in aqueous ammonia or lead halide
c. Colour of precipitate formed when anion reacts with a solution containing
barium ions.
d. Solubility of the precipitate formed in
e. In dilute acids.
3. Gases - H2, O2, CO2, NH3, SO2, Cl2, NO2, H2O; The following criteria to be used for
identification:
a. Colour
b. Odour
c. Reaction with a lighted or a glowing splint:
i. reaction with moist litmus paper
ii. reaction with dry cobalt chloride paper/ anhydrous copper (II) sulphate
iii. reaction with acidified potassium manganate (VII) acidified potassium
dichromate (VI)
iv. reaction with a glass rod dipped in concentrated aqueous ammonia or
concentrated hydrochloric acid
v. hydroxide reactions with lime water/ aqueous calcium.

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Graded worksheet

TERM 2

Topic 7: Mole Concept

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Define mole and molar mass.

2. Perform calculations involving the mole.
3. State Avogadro’s Law.
4. State the Law of Conservation of Matter.
5. Write balanced equations.
6. Apply the mole concept to equations, both ionic and molecular
7. Define the term standard solution.
 8. Types of reactions

CONTENT

1. The mole as the amount of substance that contains 6.0 x 1023 (the Avogadro’s
constant) particles in that substance. Molar mass - mass of 1 mole of a substance in
gmol-1.
2. Calculations from mass to moles and moles to mass and percentage composition by
mass. Calculate relative molecular mass or relative formula mass given atomic
masses. Distinguish between molar mass and relative masses.
3. Calculations involving molar volumes: [rtp and stp].
4. Use of both ionic and molecular equations (including state symbols) to represent
chemical reactions referred to in the syllabus. Use simple chemical reactions to
illustrate.
5. Calculations involving masses and volumes.
6. Molar concentration and mass concentration

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Grade worksheet

Topic 8: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Define acid, acid anhydride, base, alkali, salt, acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral
oxides.
2. Relate acidity and alkalinity to the pH scale.
3. Discuss the strength of acids and alkalis on the basis of their completeness of ionisation.
4. Investigate the reactions of non-oxidising acids.
5. List examples of acids in living systems.
6. Investigate the reaction of bases with ammonium salts.
7. Identify an appropriate method of salt preparation based on the solubility of the salt.
8. Prepare insoluble salts by precipitation; prepare soluble salts by direct combination and
by replacing hydrogen ions of an acid directly or indirectly by a metal or ammonium
radical.

CONTENT

1. Define the following terms: Chemistry Definition: acid, acid anhydride, base, alkali,
salt, acidic, basic, amphoteric, and neutral oxides.
a) Consideration of proton donor or acceptor and replaceable hydrogen.
b) Relate to basic and acidic oxides.
2. pH scale
3. Degree of ionisation linked to strength and the pH of the solution.
 4. Reactions of acids with metals, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, bases.
5. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), methanoic acid (in ants), lactic acid (build-up in muscles).
6. Neutralisation of Vitamin C with sodium hydrogen carbonate.
7. A general knowledge of the solubility of sulphates, nitrates, chlorides, carbonates, and
bases. Uses of salts in everyday life.
8. Types of reaction to prepare salts.

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Lab activity

TERM 3
Topic 9: Rate of Reaction

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Define rate of reaction.

2. Identify the factors which affect the rate of reaction.
3. Predict the effect of factors on rates of reaction from given data.
4. Interpret graphical representation of data obtained in studying rates of reaction.
Include graphs of
a. Concentration (volume; mass) vs. time
b. Concentration Vs 1/t5
c. Rate vs time.

CONTENT

1. Define elements and molecules.

2. The change in concentration of reactant or product with time at a stated temperature.
3. Factors:
a. Concentration
b. Temperature
c. Surface area
d. Presence or absence of a catalyst.
4. Consideration of the change in rate of reaction as the reaction proceeds.

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Plan and design a lab to

2. Lab activity – rate of reaction using sodium thiosulphate.

Topic 10: Energetics

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Distinguish between exothermic and endothermic reactions.

2. Draw energy profile diagrams to illustrate endothermic and exothermic change.
3. Calculate energy changes from experiments or from experimental data.

CONTENT
1. Energy content of products and reactants. Bond breaking being endothermic; bond
forming being exothermic; temperature change in surroundings.
2. Simple energy profile diagrams including energy barrier. Include the action of catalyst
using energy profile diagrams.
3. Reference to heat of solution and heat of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
4. Assumptions: density and specific heat capacity of pure water; negligible heat
loss/gain from surroundings.

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Lab activity – Heat of neutralization and Heat of solution

Topic 11: Water this TOPIC HAS BEEN MOVED TO Term 1

Learning Outcomes: Duration: hours

Student should be able to:

1. Relate the unique properties of water to its functions in living systems.

2. Discuss the consequences of the solvent properties of water.
3. Describe the methods used in the treatment of water for domestic purposes.

CONTENT

1. The chemical and physical properties of water

a. Density changes
b. Solvent properties
c. Specific heat capacity
d. Volatility Properties
2. Consequences of solvent properties
a. Hardness of water (temporary and permanent)
b. Leaching
3. Treatment methods
a. Boiling
b. Filtering
c. Chlorinating
 d. Softening (Include equations for softening water)

ASSESSMENT MEASURES

1. Plan and Design

COMPLETE ASSESSEMENT

This section shows the total assignments required for students to be considered for
recommendation for this subject. Students must achieve an overall grade of 70% to be
recommended for this subject.

ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES

Coursework Weighting: 50%

Coursework should include:

▪ 4 Laboratory reports
▪ Diffusion
▪ Chromatography
▪ Plan & Design lab: ___________, ___________ or Hard & soft water
▪ Bonding
▪ Qualitative Analysis
▪ Testing for cations
▪ Testing for anions
▪ Testing for unknown
▪ Quantitative analysis
▪ Concentration of acids
▪ Rates of reaction
▪ Indicators
▪ Salt preparations
▪ 2 monthly Tests/quizzes
▪ 1 group assignment
▪ 2 classwork assignments
▪ 2 homework assignments

Written Examination Weighting 50%

Two examinations consisting of:
• Multiple choice questions
• Structured questions
• 1 essay