MATH

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গিণত
Polygon and Circle
Lecture 14
 Polygon
A plane shape with at least 3 straight line sides.

Example: Triangle, Rectangle, Pentagon (Triangle is the smallest polygon)

Sum of the angles in any polygons = 180 × (𝑛 − 2) , where n = number of sides
 Regular Polygon
A polygon all the sides of which are equal is a Regular Polygon.

× 
Each angle of a regular polygon= , where n = number of sides
 Regular Polygon

Triangle Square Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon

Octagon Nonagon Decagon

All of the above polygons are regular as all the sides of respective polygons are equal
 Regular Hexagon
A

a
× 
Each Angle = = 120 F B

Area, A = ×𝑎

E C

D
 Quick Test 01
What is the value of each angle of a regular pentagon?

a. 100

b. 108

c. 110

d. 120

e. 125
 Quick Test 01
What is the value of each angle of a regular pentagon?

a. 100

b. 108

c. 110

d. 120

e. 125
 Circle
Arc
A line maintaining equal distance from a point creates a Circle.
Radius
Radius. The distance from the center to the circle.

Chord. Any line connecting two points on the circle is a chord.

Center
Diameter
Diameter. A chord through the center of the circle is a
diameter.
Chord
Circumference. The distance around the edge of the circle is Tangent
called Circumference. Point Tangent
Line
Tangent. A tangent to a circle is a line that is perpendicular to
the radius at the point of tangency and that passes through
only one point of that circle.
 Circle
Arc. An arc is a curved section of a circle. Two distinct points can
Area of pie/
form two different arcs. Shorter arc is called a minor arc and Sector/ Segment
longer one is called major arc.

Sector. A slice of a circle which is formed by two radii and an

arc.
 Circle
Inscribed
Angle
Inscribed Angle. An angle sides of which are two chords and the
vertex of the angle lies on the circumference of the circle.
Central
Angle
Central Angle. A central angle is an angle with its vertex at the
center and sides are also radii of the circle.
 Semi-Circle
A semicircle is a half circle.

Semi-Circle
 Circle
A line that connects the center of the circle with the midpoint of
any chord must be perpendicular to the chord.

Example: If AD = BD, then OD  AB, or, if OD  AB, then AD = BD

 Circle
Equal chords maintain equal distance from the center. Equal
chords also creates equal arc.

Example: If, Chord AB = Chord CD, then OX = OY and arc ADB =

arc CAB.
 Circle X

Radius is perpendicular on the tangent line on the point of

tangency.
Y
Example: OYX = 90
O
 Circle

Inscribed Angles drawn from the same ARC are equal.

Example: As BAD , BED, BCD are all drawn from the same
arc BCD, we can derive that y = z =x
 Circle
Summation of opposite angles of a quadrilateral inscribed in a
circle equals 180.

Example: a + b = x + y = 180
 Circle
Central Angle is twice the inscribed angle, drawn from the same
arc.

Example:  y = 2  x or,  x =  y
 Circle
A
B

Inscribed Angle drawn from the diameter is a right angle.

Example: ABC = 90

C
 Circle

1. Diameter of a circle is twice the Radius in length.

2. The Circumference is 2π times the length of the radius. Formula

of Circumference is, C = 2πr, where r = Radius

3. The longer the chord is, the closer it is to the center of the circle.

4. Any point outside a circle can extend two tangent lines to the
circle. The distances of the tangents’ intersection from their
origin are same.
 Formulas related to Circle
1. Length of an Arc = 2πr × , where r = Radius and a = central angle in degrees

2. Area of a Sector = πr × , where r = radius and a = central angle in degrees

3. Diameter, d = 2r, where r = Radius

4. Area, A = r2

5. Circumference, C = 2r, where r = Radius

 Formulas related to Semi-Circle

1. Circumference, C = + d = πr + d, where d = Diameter

2. Area, A =
 Clock-Related Problems

In every clock, the angle at the center is 360. Every our segment measures or 30 every
minute segment measures or 6.
 Quick Test 02
If the area of a semicircle is 18π square inches, what is the
diameter of the semicircle?

a. 4 inches

b. 8 inches

c. 12 inches

d. 6 inches

e. None of these
Quick Test 02
 Quick Test 02
If the area of a semicircle is 18π square inches, what is the
diameter of the semicircle?

a. 4 inches

b. 8 inches

c. 12 inches

d. 6 inches

e. None of these
 Quick Test 03
A circular garden twenty feet in diameter is surrounded by a
path which is three feet wide. What is area of the path?

a. 9π square feet

b. 51π square feet

c. 60π square feet

d. 69π square feet

e. 72π square feet

Quick Test 03
 Quick Test 03
A circular garden twenty feet in diameter is surrounded by a
path which is three feet wide. What is area of the path?

a. 9π square feet

b. 51π square feet

c. 60π square feet

d. 69π square feet

e. 72π square feet

 Quick Test 04
If the radius of a circle is increased by 10%, then the
area of the circle is increased by:

a. 3.6%

b. 6%

c. 12%

d. 21%

e. Cannot be determined
Quick Test 04
 Quick Test 04
If the radius of a circle is increased by 10%, then the area of
the circle is increased by:

a. 3.6%

b. 6%

c. 12%

d. 21%

e. Cannot be determined
 Quick Test 05
If the circumference and the area of a circle are numerically equal,
what is the numerical value of the diameter?

a. 5

b. 4

c. 2

d. 3

e. Cannot be determined
Quick Test 05
 Quick Test 05
If the circumference and the area of a circle are numerically equal,
what is the numerical value of the diameter?

a. 5

b. 4

c. 2

d. 3

e. Cannot be determined
 Quick Test 06
For the Circle, What is the length of the Arc?

a. 9π

b. 4π

c. 3π

d. 5π

e. 10π
Quick Test 06
 Quick Test 06
For the Circle, What is the length of the Arc?

a. 9π

b. 4π

c. 3π

d. 5π

e. 10π
 Quick Test 07
What is the degree measure of the acute angle between the hands of
minute and hour at 3:20?

a. 10

b. 18

c. 20

d. 28

e. 25
Quick Test 07
 Quick Test 07
What is the degree measure of the acute angle between the hands of
minute and hour at 3:20?

a. 10

b. 18

c. 20

d. 28

e. 25
THANK YOU