MATH/VI/CC/09 Student’s Copy

2023
( CBCS )

( 6th Semester )

MATHEMATICS

NINTH PAPER

( Modern Algebra )

Full Marks : 75

Time : 3 hours

( SECTION : A—OBJECTIVE )
( Marks : 10 )

Each question carries 1 mark

Put a Tick R mark against the correct answer in the box provided :

1. If a and b be two elements of a group G, then b is conjugate to a if

(a) b = a -1xa ; x Î G :

(b) b = axa -1 ; x Î G :

(c) b = x -1ax ; x Î G :

(d) b = xa -1x ; x Î G :

/407 1 [ Contd.
 2. If G is a group and a is a fixed element of G, then the mapping f a : G ® G is an
inner automorphism if

(a) f a (x ) = a -1xa "x Î G : (b) f a (x ) = ax -1a "x Î G :

(c) f a (x ) = x -1ax "x Î G : (d) f a (x ) = xax -1 "x Î G :

3. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a non-empty subset K of a field F to

be a subfield of F are

(a) a + b Î K and ab Î K for all a, b Î K :

(b) a + b Î K and ab -1 Î K for all a, b Î K , b ¹ 0 :

(c) a - b Î K and ab Î K for all a, b Î K :

(d) a - b Î K and ab -1 Î K for all a, b Î K , b ¹ 0 :

4. The characteristic of the ring (I 6, + 6, ´ 6 ), where I 6 = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is

(a) 3 : (b) 5 :

(c) 0 : (d) 6 :

5. The associates of a non-zero element a + ib of the ring of Gaussian integers

D = { a + ib, a, b Î I } are

(a) a + ib, - a - ib, - b + ia, b - ia :

(b) a + ib, a - ib, - a + ib, - a - ib :

(c) a + ib, - a - ib, b + ia, b - ia :

(d) a + ib, - a - ib, - b - ia, b - ia :

6. The necessary and sufficient condition for a non-zero element a in the

Euclidean ring R to be a unit is that

(a) d (a ) > d (1) : (b) d (a ) < d (1) :

(c) d (a ) = d (1) : (d) d (a ) ¹ d (1) :

/407 2 [ Contd.
 7. Which of the following sets of vectors is linearly dependent?

(a) {(1, 2, 0), (0, 3,1), (-1, 0,1)} :

(b) {(-1, 2,1), (3, 0, - 1), (-5, 4, 3)} :

(c) {(2,1, 4), (1, - 1, 2), (3,1, - 2)} :

(d) {(2, - 3,1), (3, - 1, 5), (1, - 4, 3)} :

8. If W be a subspace of a finite dimensional vector space V (F ), then

(a) dimV /W = dimV + dim W :

(b) dimV /W = dimV - dim W :

(c) dimV /W = dim W - dimV :

(d) dimV /W = dimV ´ dim W :

9. Let V be a vector space over the field F . A function T satisfying

T (aa + bb) = aT (a) + bT (b)
for all a, b ÎV and for all a, b Î F is called a linear functional if

(a) T is a function from V into V :

(b) T is a function from F into F :

(c) T is a function from V into F :

(d) T is a function from F into V :

10. Let V and U be vector spaces over F of dimensions m and n respectively. If

T : U ® V is a linear map of rank r , then the dimension of kernel of T is

(a) r - m :

(b) m - r :

(c) n -r :

(d) r - n :

/407 3 [ Contd.
 ( SECTION : B—SHORT ANSWER )
( Marks : 15 )

Each question carries 3 marks

Answer the following questions :

UNIT—I

1. Prove that the intersection of any two normal subgroups of a group is a normal
subgroup.
OR

2. Show that every quotient group of an Abelian group is Abelian and the converse
is not true.

UNIT—II
3. Prove that a skew field has no divisors of zero.
OR
4. Show that every ideal of a ring R is a subring of R but the converse is not
necessarily true.

UNIT—III
5. Let f be a homomorphism of a ring R into a ring R ¢. Show that the kernel of f is
an ideal of R.
OR
6. Show that every Euclidean ring possesses unity element.

UNIT—IV

7. Show that the set W = {(x, y, z) : x - 3y + 4z = 0} is a subspace of R 3 .

OR
8. If V (F ) is a finite dimensional vector space of dimension n, then show that any
set of n linearly independent vectors in V forms a basis of V .

/407 4 [ Contd.
 UNIT—V

9. Show that the function T : R 2 ® R 2 defined by T (x, y ) = (x 2, y ) is not a linear

transformation.
OR
10. Let T : R 3 ® R 3 be a linear transformation defined by

T (x, y, z) = (3x + z, - 2x + y, - x + 2y + 4z)

Compute the matrix A of T with respect to the standard basis of R 3 .

( SECTION : C—DESCRIPTIVE )
( Marks : 50 )

The figures in the margin indicate full marks for the questions
Answer five questions, taking one from each Unit

UNIT—I
1. (a) Prove that a subgroup H of a group G is a normal subgroup of G if and
only if the product of two right cosets of H in G is again a right coset of
H in G. 5

(b) Define centre of a group. Prove that the centre Z of a group G is a

normal subgroup of G. 1+4=5

2. (a) State the fundamental theorem on homomorphism of groups. Let H be

any subgroup of a group G and if N is any normal subgroup of G, then
prove that
HN H
@
N H ÇN 1+6=7

(b) Show that for an Abelian group, the only inner automorphism is the
identity mapping whereas for non-Abelian groups, there exists
non-trivial automorphisms.
3

/407 5 [ Contd.
 UNIT—II
3. (a) Prove that a ring R is without zero divisors if and only if the
cancellation laws hold in R. 4
(b) Prove that a finite commutative ring without zero divisors is a field. 6

4. (a) If F is a field, then prove that its only ideals are (0) and F itself. 3
(b) Prove that an ideal S of a commutative ring R with unity is maximal if
and only if the residue class ring R/S is a field. 7

UNIT—III
5. (a) Let D be an integral domain with unity element 1. Show that two
non-zero elements a, b Î D are associates if and only if a |b and b|a . 5
(b) Define Euclidean ring. Show that every field is a Euclidean ring. 1+4=5

6. (a) Let R be a Euclidean ring and a, b be two non-zero elements in R, then

prove that—
(i) if b is a unit in R, d (ab ) = d (a )
(ii) if b is not a unit in R, d (ab ) > d (a ) 2+4=6
(b) If a is a prime element of a unique factorization domain R and b, c are
any elements of R, then prove that a |bc Þ a |b or a |c. 4

UNIT—IV
7. (a) Define linearly dependent set of vectors. Show that if two vectors are
linearly dependent, one of them is a scalar multiple of the other.
1+3=4
(b) Prove that every linearly independent subset of a finitely generated
vector space V (F ) is either a basis of V or can be extended to form a
basis of V . 6

8. (a) If U and W are two subspaces of a finite dimensional vector space V (F ),

then prove that dim(U + W ) = dimU + dim W - dim(U Ç W ). 7

(b) Show that the kernel of a homomorphism of a vector space is a

subspace. 3

/407 6 [ Contd.
 UNIT—V
9. (a) Let U be an n-dimensional vector space over the field F and let V be an
m-dimensional vector space over F . Then prove that the vector space
L (U ,V ) of linear transformations from U into V is also finite dimensional
and is of dimension mn. 6

(b) Let T : R 3 ® R 3 be a linear transformation defined by

T (x, y, z) = (x + 2y - z, y + z, x + y - 2z)
Find the range space, null space, rank of T and nullity of T . 4

10. (a) Let V and W be vector spaces over the field F and let T be a linear
transformation from V into W . If V is finite dimensional, then prove
that rankT + nullityT = dimV . 6

(b) Find the matrix representation of the linear map T : R 3 ® R 3 given by

T (x, y, z) = (z, y + z, x + y + z)
relative to the basis {(1, 0,1), (-1, 2,1), (2,1,1)} . 4

HHH

/407 7 G23—230