EXIT EXAM TUTORIAL QUESTIONS PREPARED BY SAMUEL BAYISSA

Ethiopian defence university college of engineering

1. A 10 MHz carrier is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal signal of 500 Hz, the maximum
frequency deviation being 50 KHz. The bandwidth required. as given by the Carson’s rule
is ___________
a) 101KHz
b) 55 KHz
c) 250 KHz
d) 37 KHz

2. S𝑡) = 5[cos(106𝜋𝑡) − sin(103𝜋𝑡) × sin(106𝜋𝑡)] represents

a) DSB suppressed carrier signal
b) AM signal
c) SSB upper sideband signal
d) Narrow band FM signal

3. Consider the frequency modulated signal 10[cos 2𝜋 × 105 𝑡 + 5 sin(2𝜋 × 1500𝑡) + 7.5
sin(2𝜋 ×1000𝑡)] with carrier frequency of 105 Hz. The modulation index is
a) 12.5
b) 10
c) 7.5
d) 5

4. A device with input (𝑡) and output (𝑡) is characterized by: 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥 2 (𝑡). An FM signal with
frequency deviation of 90 KHz and modulating signal bandwidth of 5 KHz is applied to
this device.The bandwidth of the output signal is
a) 370 KHz
b) 190 KHz
c) 380 KHz
d) 95 KHz
5. An angle-modulation signal is given by 𝑠(𝑡) = cos(2𝜋 × 2 × 106 𝑡 + 2𝜋 × 30 sin 150𝑡 + 2𝜋
× 40cos 150𝑡) The maximum frequency and phase deviations of s(t) are
a) 10.5KHz, 140π rad
b) 6KHz, 80π rad
c) 10.5 KHz, 100π rad
d) 7.5 KHz, 100π rad

6. In a FM system, a carrier of 100 MHz is modulated by a sinusoidal signal of 5 KHz. The

bandwidth by Carson’s approximation is 1MHz. If y(t) = (modulated waveform)3 , then by
using Carson’s approximation, the bandwidth of y(t) around 300 MHz and the spacing of
spectral components are, respectively.
a) 3 MHz, 5 KHz
b) 1 MHz, 15 KHz
c) 3 MHz, 15 KHz
d) 1 MHz, 5 KHz

7. An FM signal with a modulation index 9 is applied to a frequency tripler. The modulation

index in the output signal will be
a) 0
b) 3
c) 9
d) 27

8. A signal (𝑡) = 2 cos(𝜋. 104 𝑡) volts is applied to an FM modulator with the sensitivity
constant of 10 KHz/volt. Then the modulation index of the FM wave is
a) 4
b) 2
c) 4/π
d) 2/π
9. A carrier 𝐴𝐶 cos 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 is frequency modulated by a signal 𝐸𝑚 cos 𝜔𝑚 𝑡.The modulation
index is mf. The expression for the resulting FM signal is
a) 𝐴𝑐 cos[𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑚𝑓 sin 𝜔𝑚𝑡]
b) 𝐴𝑐 cos[𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 𝑚𝑓 cos 𝜔𝑚𝑡]
c) 𝐴𝑐 cos[𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 2𝜋 𝑚𝑓 sin 𝜔𝑚𝑡]
d) 𝐴𝐶 cos [𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 2𝜋𝑚𝑓𝐸𝑚 𝜔𝑚 cos 𝜔𝑚𝑡]

10. Noise is added to a signal in a communication system

a) At the receiving end
b) At transmitting antenna
c) In the channel
d) During regeneration of the information

11. Noise power at the resistor is affected by the value of the resistor as
a) Directly proportional to the value of the resistor
b) Inversely proportional to the value of the resistor
c) Unaffected by the value of the resistor
d) Becomes half as the resistance value is doubled

12. Low frequency noise is

a) Transit time noise
b) Flicker noise
c) Shot noise
d) None of the above

13. At a room temperature of 300K, calculate the thermal noise generated by two resistors of
10KΩ and 20KΩ when the bandwidth is 10 KHz.
a) 4.071 * 10-6 V, 5.757 * 10-6 V
b) 6.08 * 10-6 V, 15.77 * 10-6 V
c) 16.66 * 10-6 V, 2.356 * 10-6 V
d) 1.66 * 10-6 V, 0.23 * 10-6 V
14. At a room temperature of 300K, calculate the thermal noise generated by two resistors of
10KΩ and 30KΩ when the bandwidth is 10 KHz and the resistors are connected in parallel.
a) 30.15 * 10-3
b) 8.23 * 10-23
c) 11.15 * 10-7
d) 26.85 * 10-7

15. Thermal noise is also known as

a) Johnson noise
b) Partition noise
c) Flicker noise
d) Solar noise

16. The rms value of thermal noise voltage is related to Boltzmann’s constant k as
a) Vn is Directly proportional to k2
b) Vn is Directly proportional to k
c) Vn is Directly proportional to √k
d) Vn is Directly proportional to k3

17. A distorted signal of frequency fm is recovered from a sampled signal if the sampling
frequency fs is
a) fs > 2fm
b) < 2fm
c) fs = 2fm
d) fs ≥ 2fm
18. In pulse width modulation,
a) Synchronization is not required between transmitter and receiver
b) Amplitude of the carrier pulse is varied
c) Instantaneous power at the transmitter is constant
d) None of the above
19. In PWM signal reception, the Schmitt trigger circuit is used
a) To remove noise
b) To produce ramp signal
c) For synchronization
d) None of the above

20. The image channel selectivity of super heterodyne receiver depends upon
a) IF amplifiers only
b) RF and IF amplifiers only
c) Pre selector, RF and IF amplifiers
d) Pre selector and RF amplifiers

21. Demodulation is done in ________

a) Transmitter
b) Radio Receiver
c) Receiving antenna
d) Transducer

22. What is Fidelity?

a) Equally amplifies all the signal frequencies at receiver
b) Ability of receiver to select wanted signal from various incoming signal
c) Minimum magnitude of input signal required to produced a specified output
d) Process of varying one or more properties of carrier signal

23. In a receiver, noise is usually developed at ________

a) Audio stage
b) Receiving antenna
c) RF stage
d) IF stage
24. Which oscillator is used as a local oscillator in radio receiver?
a) Wien-bridge
b) Hartley
c) Crystal
d) Phase Shift

25. Process of recovering information signal from received carrier is known as ________
a) Sensitivity
b) Selectivity
c) Detection
d) Multiplexing

26. What is the use of varacter diode in radio receiver?

a) Demodulation
b) Mixing
c) Multiplexing
d) Tuning

27. What is the function of radio receiver?

a) to detect and amplify information signal from the carrier
b) to transmit message
c) to process the electrical signal from different aspects
d) to convert one form of energy into other

28. Superheterodyne principle provides selectivity at ________

a) RF stage
b) IF stage
c) Before RF stage
d) Audio
29. In commercial TV transmission in Ethiopia, picture and speech signals are modulated
respectively (Picture) (Speech)
a) VSB and VSB
b) VSB and SSB
c) VSB and FM
d) FM and VSB

30. The maximum power efficiency of an AM modulator is

a) 25%
b) 50%
c) 33%
d) 100%

31. Which of the following analog modulation scheme requires the minimum transmitted
power and minimum channel band-width?
a) VSB
b) DSB-SC
c) SSB
d) AM

32. Suppose that the modulating signal is m(𝑡) = 2 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑚𝑡) and the carrier signal is 𝑥𝐶 (𝑡)
= 𝐴𝐶cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡).Which one of the following is a conventional AM signal without over-
modulation?
a) x(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶(𝑡) cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
b) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶 [1 + 𝑚(𝑡)] cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡)
c) x(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) + 𝐴𝐶 4 𝑚(𝑡) cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
d) x(𝑡) = 𝐴𝐶 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑚𝑡) cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) + 𝐴𝐶 sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑚𝑡) sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
Answer: b
33. For a message signal (𝑡) = cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡) and carrier of frequency𝑓𝑐 . Which of the
following represents a single side-band (SSB) signal?
a) cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑚𝑡) cos (2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
 b) cos (2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
c) cos [2𝜋 (𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚) 𝑡]
d) [1 + cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑚𝑡)]. cos (2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)

34. A DSB-SC signal is generated using the carrier cos(𝜔𝐶𝑡 + 𝜃) and modulating signal x(t).
The envelop of the DSB-SC signal is
a) (𝑡)
b) |𝑥(𝑡)|
c) Only positive portion of x(t)
d) 𝑥(𝑡) cosϴ

35. A 1 MHz sinusoidal carrier is amplitude modulated by a symmetrical square wave of period
100 µsec. Which of the following frequencies will not be present in the modulated signal?
a) 990 kHz
b) 1010 kHz
c) 1020 kHz
d) 1030 kHz

36. A message signal given by (𝑡) = ( 1 2 ) cos 𝜔1𝑡 − ( 1 2 ) sin 𝜔2𝑡 is amplitude
modulated with a carrier of frequency ωc to generate 𝑠(𝑡) = [1 + 𝑚(𝑡)] cos 𝜔𝑐 𝑡.
What is the power efficiency achieved by this modulation scheme?
a) 8.33%
b) 11.11%
c) 20%
d) 25%
37. Consider the amplitude modulated (AM) signal𝐴𝐶 cos 𝜔𝑐 𝑡 + 2 cos 𝜔𝑚 𝑡 cos 𝜔𝑐 𝑡. For
demodulating the signal using envelope detector, the minimum value of AC should be
a) 2
b) 1
c) 0.5
d) 0
38. An AM signal is detected using an envelope detector. The carrier frequency and
modulation signal frequency are 1 MHz and 2 KHz respectively. An appropriate value for
the time constant of the envelope detector is
a) 500 µsec
b) 20 µsec
c) 0.2 µsec
d) 1 µsec

39. The Shannon’s theorem sets a limit on the

a) The highest frequency that may be sent over the channel
b) Minimum capacity of a channel with a given noise level
c) Maximum number of coding levels in a channel
d) Maximum number of quantizing levels in a channel
e) Maximum capacity of a channel with a given noise level

40. We wish to transmit a digital voice at 32 kbps through a communication channel having a
bandwidth of 3000 Hz. The received signal-to-noise power is 30 dB. State which of the
following is true:
a) To transmit data error-free through this channel, a channel equalizer circuit should
be used at the receiver.
b) To transmit data error-free through this channel, the voice signal should be
compressed by 2.
c) To transmit data error-free through this channel, a channel code with a code gain
of 3 dB should be used.
d) It is not possible to transmit data error-free through this channel.
 Concept:
Shannon-Hartley theorem
It defines the maximum amount, or data rate, that can be sent over any channel or medium
without any error. It says if R ≤ C, then transmission may be accomplished without error
in the presence of noise, where R=data or information and C= channel capacity.
The Shannon-Hartley theorem that the channel capacity is given by
𝑆
𝐶 = 𝐵 log ! (1 + )
𝑁
Where C is the channel capacity in bits per second, B is the bandwidth of the channel in
Hertz, and S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio.
Analysis
R=32 kbps
B=3000 Hz
SNR=30 dB=1000
∴ 30 log 𝑆𝑁𝑅
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑜𝑛 − 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎
𝑆
𝐶 = 𝐵 log ! (1 + )
𝑁
𝐶 = 3000 log ! 1001
log 1001
log ! 1001 =
log 2
C=29.90 kbps
Since C<R so error free transmission is not possible.
41. An ideal power-limited communication channel with additive white Gaussian noise
(AWGN) with 1MHz bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio of 15 is transmitting the
information at a theoretical maximum rate. If the signal-to-noise is reduced to 7, how much
bandwidth is required to maintain the same rate:
a) 15/7 MHz
b) 4/3 MHz
c) 2 MHz
d) None of these
Answer: b
 Concept
The Shannon-Hartley theorem states that
The theoretical maximum bit rate that can be transmitted with an arbitrary bit error
rate (BER), with a given average signal power, over a channel with bandwidth B
Hz which is affected by AWGN.
𝑆
𝐶 = 𝐵 log ! N1 + O 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠/𝑠
𝑁
Where S/N is signal to noise ratio.
Calculation
Given
𝐵" = 1 𝑀𝐻𝑧
𝑆
= 15
𝑁
𝐶" = 𝐶!
From equation(1)
𝐶" = 10# × log ! (1 + 15)
10# 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠
𝐶" = 4 × … … … … … (2)
𝑠𝑒𝑐
𝐶! = 𝐵! log ! (1 + 7)
𝐶! = 𝐵! × 3 𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑠/𝑠𝑒𝑐
Equating equation (2) and (3) we get
4 × 10# = 3 × 𝐵!
4
𝐵! = 𝑀𝐻𝑧
3
42. Which one of the following graphs shows the Shannon capacity(channel capacity) in bits
of memoryless binary symmetric channel with crossover probability p?

a)
 b)

c)

d)

Answer key
1. A 10.c. 19.a 28.b 37.a
2. D 11.c 20.d. 29.c 38.b
3. B 12.b. 21.b 30.c 39.e
4. A 13.a. 22.a 31.c 40.d
5. D. 14.c. 23.c 32.b 41.b
6. A. 15.a 24.b. 33.c 42.c
7. D. 16.c. 25.c. 34. b
8. A. 17.b 26.d. 35. c
9. A. 18.a 27.a. 36.c