TRANSMISSION LINE FAULT DETECTION

USING IOT
2024 International Conference on Communication, Computing and Internet of Things (IC3IoT) | 979-8-3503-5268-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/IC3IoT60841.2024.10550195

Mohan S1 Balasakthishwaran M2 Gandhi S3

Assistant professor, Department of UG Student, Department of UG Student, Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Sri Sairam Engineering College Sri Sairam Engineering College Sri Sairam Engineering College
Chennai -600044,India Chennai -600044, India Chennai -600044, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Priyadarshan P5 Rohinth P6
4
Sarvesh G UG Student, Department of UG Student, Department of
UG Student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College Sri Sairam Engineering College
Sri Sairam Engineering College Chennai -600044, India Chennai -600044, India
Chennai -600044, India [email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]

Abstract— Transmission line failure is very dangerous which are necessary for the integration of the smart grid.
to communities and can reduce the possibility of Many power transmission companies often rely on
transmission. High voltage and ultra-high voltage voltage testers to detect faults in transmission lines. In
transmission are rare, but the failure rate in some areas is order to achieve this purpose, the force must be
higher than that of external transmission line. This model determined. lines and then the fault must be removed,
compares the line's signal voltage to a reference value in which requires many users to locate the fault and
order to create a system that monitors transmission line eliminate the fault. Wireless sensor-based transmission
faults. Through the Internet of Things (IoT), NODE MCU line monitoring provides solutions to some of these
(Esp8266), information about certain fault events is problems, such as real-time pattern recognition, faster
transmitted to the webpage and shown on the screen. The fault detection, more accurate detection and
voltage is measured by a sensor, which then transmits the differentiation of electrical problems from faulty
result to the microcontroller IC. The microprocessor equipment due to disease-based maintenance rather than
processes the signal voltage and output from the display disease-based maintenance planning etc.
and IoT module. Workers can decrease the likelihood of a These applications have specific specifications, such
fault by accurately pinpointing the site of the defect and delivering very huge files quickly. The development of a
identifying areas where it is most likely to occur. Shorten dependable, affordable, and quick-responding network
the period of low power when an issue arises. This piece of architecture is essential to the success of these
writing is to detect the fault location in the transmission applications. The network needs to be able to control the
line using the Arduino board and send it to the control network's transformation and convey sensitive data,
center using IoT devices. including the transmission lines' present state. A
cost-optimized paradigm for real-time data transmission
Keywords— Internet of Things (IoT), microcontroller, network architecture is presented in this research. To track
transmission line. the state of electrical energy in real time, meters are
incorporated into a variety of electrical goods. These
I. INTRODUCTION: sensors generate a lot of data and make accurate
Electrical energy is divided into generation, measurements of different electrical or physical
transmission and distribution. Transmission line is considered characteristics. Getting this data to the control center
an important part of electricity supply as it connects supply quickly and effectively is the primary issue that needs to
and demand. Losses in transmission and distribution lines are be resolved in the development of the smart grid.
considered to be very high compared to other parts of the II. OBJECTIVE:
power system. Currently, electricity generation is subject to The main aim of this project is to design a circuit or
various types of violence and violence, which can affect the a device which will have a capability of determining the
entire benefits and stability of the grid. Communication type of fault, exact location of fault and transfer its data to
disruptions disrupted the supply of electricity to customers. the utility mobile phone and desktop of the user with the
Therefore, detection and elimination of illegal transmission help of GPS and NodeMCU. The Main objectives of this
must be very rapid. In addition, there is an urgent need to project are
develop a network of connections containing useful data.
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979-8-3503-5268-9/24/$31.00 ©2024 IEEE
 ● To simulate the system using programmable controller, VI. FLOWCHART:
current sensor and design a hardware prototype of a system for
overhead transmission line.
● To monitor the system under normal and faulty conditions
using NodeMCU and clear the fault as soon as identified.
● To determine the exact location of fault in the transmission
line with the help of GPS and send its data to the mobile phone
and desktop of user.
● To validate the system performance by applying the faults at
different locations in order to check the efficiency of the
system.

III. EXISTING SYSTEM:

Faults play an important role in affecting the reliability of
power system. More than 80% of the power system faults occur
in transmission sector which badly effect the reliability of supply
and causes damage to the system. Such faults are unpredictable
and can occur at any time. The long existence of fault in the
system can cause serious damage to the system like an infection
Fig.2 Flow Chart operations
does to a body. Therefore in order to protect a system from such
situation, the fault should be identified and cleared as soon as
possible. In earlier period, the system was established which
VII. SIMULATION
estimate the value of impedance from the data of current and
voltage in order to determine the location of fault. But this
Version 8.12 of the Proteus Software is used to
method was not effective as it takes long time to determine the
develop this schematic circuit. This schematic shows how
location of fault which is a sign of unreliability. What if there is
the four current sensors (ACS712), 16X2 LCD, 1K 10W
a system which uses GPS to determine the exact location of fault
16 resistors, and Arduino UNO, buzzer are connected in
and NodeMCU will be used to send all the information
accordance with the circuit layout.
regarding faults to the IoT cloud server which is accessible
through mobile and desktop.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

The Proposed system can only handle failures in
overhead transmission lines. Because low voltage rating
equipment is present and some equipment can only withstand
low voltages, the hardware will operate at a specific voltage
level. Climatic circumstances such as snowfall, rainfall, or
windstorms can make it difficult for a device to determine the
exact site of a defect, and they can also affect the device's
circuit, resulting in system malfunction. The suggested system's
outputs may be limited if a three-phase power supply or
another module is unavailable. The mechanism will alert you to
any faults at the gearbox pole or tower’s two endpoints.
Fig.3 Proposed Simulation Diagram Using Proteus software

V. BLOCK DIAGRAM:
The Components used in the Simulation are

1. Arduino UNO
2. Buzzer
3. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
4. Resistors
5. LED – Blue, Yellow, Red
6. Current sensor (ACS712)
7. Buzzer
8. Connecting Wires

Fig.1 Proposed Block Diagram

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VIII. SIMULATION RESULTS:

Case: 1 Single Line to Ground Fault Whenever any of the Case: 3 Double Line to Ground Fault The figure below
single line is short with ground wire single line to ground shows that the double line to ground fault occurred
fault occurs. The LCD shows type of fault (single line to when two lines are short with each other and are in
ground fault) and in which line fault is occurred with contact of ground wire. The LCD shows type of fault
providing the distance of the fault. (double line to ground fault) and in which line fault
occurred with providing the distance of the faults.

Fig. 5. Proteus Software Simulation with L-G Fault Fig. 7. Proteus Software Simulation with L-L-G fault

Case: 2 Line to Line Fault The figure below shows that the Case: 4 Three Phase Fault The figure below shows that
line to line fault occurs when two lines are short with each the three phase fault occurs when three lines are short
other. The LCD shows type of fault (line to line fault) and in with each other. The LCD shows type of fault (three
which line fault occur with providing the distance of the faults. phase fault) and in which line fault occurred with
providing the distance of the faults.

Fig. 6. Proteus Software Simulation with L-L fault Fig. 8. Proteus Software Simulation with Three Phase fault

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IX. CONCLUSION

The process is designed to solve customer problems. 4. "Real-Time Fault Detection and Classification
This article contains a method to check transmission line fault. System for Transmission Lines Using IoT" by S.
In this article, sensors are used to identify symptoms that cause Adapa, B. Li, and M. Choudhury, presented at the
the network to fail. Detected problems will be communicated 2018 IEEE International Conference on
to the relevant authorities via SMS. The communication Communications, Control, and Computing
technology used in the plan will be used more in the future as Technologies for Smart Grids (SmartGridComm).
the development of the country increases. Using this method The paper proposes a real-time fault detection and
we can see the error and solve it easily. It is reliable, can detect classification system for transmission lines
the fault of the three-stage transmission system and store data. leveraging IoT.
It works in real time, so we save all data files and avoid
transmission problems in the future. 5. "Wireless Sensor Network for Fault Detection in
X. FUTURE SCOPE: Transmission Lines" by H. G. Sedano, J. L.
Garza-Valdes, and J. I. Castillo, published in the
The following can be used in future. IEEE Latin America Transactions, Volume 14, Issue
1, January 2016. This paper discusses the design and
➢ Used in transmission line implementation of a wireless sensor network for
➢ Used in distribution line fault detection in transmission lines.
➢ Underground Line Fault Finding
➢ Data Recording
➢ Work with a real-time reaction
➢ Larger coverage area than the current system at a lower
cost
➢ cost efficient
➢ Devices enable by wireless communication
➢ Number of components are used
➢ Economically reliable and low cost

REFERENCES

1. "Internet of Things Based Fault Detection and

Monitoring System for Transmission Line" by V. I. Alamu,
O. O. Popoola, and T. B. Adewale, published in the
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research,
Volume 8, Issue 2, February-2017. This paper proposes a
fault detection and monitoring system for transmission lines
using IoT technology.

2. "Transmission Line Fault Detection and Location Using

IoT" by R. S. Mane and A. P. Ghatol, published in the
International Journal of Emerging Technology and
Advanced Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 7, July 2015. The
paper presents a method for fault detection and location on
transmission lines using IoT devices.

3. "A Review on Fault Detection Techniques in

Transmission Lines using IoT" by R. Pandiyarajan and S.
Suganthi, published in the International Journal of Pure and
Applied Mathematics, Volume 119, No. 16, 2018. This
paper provides a comprehensive review of various fault
detection techniques in transmission lines employing IoT
technology.

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