Photovoltaic Fed Flyback Converters

using Improved Perturb and Observe

Algorithm 1
Mohan.S , K.Rajkumar2 , Dr.K.Suresh3 , J.Harinarayanan4
2021 4th International Conference on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT) | 978-1-6654-1447-0/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICCCT53315.2021.9711760

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Sri Sairam engineering college,Chennai,Tamilnadu,India.
E-mail: [email protected] ,[email protected],
[email protected],[email protected]

Abstract-The solar energy is widely available all over the Active solar power involves conversion of light energy through
world. Nowadays electricity has become part and parcel of PV systems, concentrated solar power and solar water heating.
our life. As the consumption of electricity increases
Passive solar includes building orientation with respect to sun,
progressively, it is necessary to switch over to renewable
energy resources. This paper aims at providing steady materials with thermal mass etc., to harness solar power. In
power to the load connected to the grid using Maximum 2000, the United Nations Development Program conducted a
power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) based on World energy assessment and found that annual potential of
Improved Perturb and Observe method. This method solar energy was 1,575-49,837 Exa joules. It becomes
provides an efficient way of improving the steady power extremely larger than world’s total energy consumption. It
supplied to the load. The dc power from the PV module is becomes extremely the larger magnitude to produce electricity.
converted into AC power using highly isolated fly back
converters and is then supplied to the grid connected load.
II. Fly back converter topology:
The solar irradiance may not remain constant around the
clock. In order keep track of maximum power produced by The fly back converter consists of three sections of
the PV module and to obtain the modifiable step size, the Winding: primary winding, bias winding, secondary winding.
improved P&O technique is adopted. This technique also Fly back converter may operate in two modes; Continuous
features in improving the accuracy and efficiency in an mode and Discontinuous mode. Here we use discontinuous
infinitesimal way. mode of operation. The reason is why the energy stored in the
primary winding is fed to the secondary winding. The next
Keywords- PV module-MPPT-Progressive Perturb and cycle is repeated only when the current in the primary winding
Observe-variable step size- efficient. goes to zero. Hence energy from the primary winding is
completely utilized. The fly back converter also has another
I. Introduction: major advantage; it acts as an isolation transformer. It avoids
the fault current flow towards the source. Another advantage is
The solar energy is the most abundant energy the number of secondary winding can be added to increase the
available in the Earth. The solar energy is eco friendly voltage level in the output. It also facilitates in improving
and cost efficient too. It is versatile and can serve for isolation. The fly back converter is mainly used against ground
everyone’s need. The radiant energy distributed by the leakage protection of PV module.
solar is sufficiently utilized by the solar panel which
possess silicon cells or thin film cells. The solar energy III. Block Diagram Explanation:
can be converted in two ways; either through PV
modules or through thermal cells. The light energy from The light source is fetched and it is send to MPPT
the solar PV module is collected by this thin film cells. controller the controller senses the input current and voltage
The light energy collected is converted into electrical from solar panel. It is then compared with VI characteristics of
energy. solar panel which is an ideal one. The controller uses maximum
There is also Silicon and Non silicon based modules. power tracking algorithm to keep track of maximum power.
Silicon based modules when dismantled manually from The maximum power is to be measured accurately. So, we use
junction boxes, modules crushed into glasses by a Improved Perturb and Observe algorithm to keep track of that
recycling process. maximum power point in a precise manner.
This silicon based modules has no Specific recycling The boost converter inside the MPPT controller converts
processes. It is readily accepted in glass manufacturing the low voltage into high voltage to keep the track of maximum
industries. But, the non- silicon modules especially point.
made of cadmium terrine is adopted with special
recycling process.
Apart from this, the Consumption and installation of
solar PV modules increases significantly. The solar is
harnessed under various range of evolving technologies
and it can be utilized either as active solar power and
passive solar power

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c IEEE 434

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 Fig.1. Block diagram of the proposed system

Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the proposed This drawback can be overcome by adopting a change in the
system .The MPPT controller also has dc to ac converter Search method of maximum power point. The PV
for boosting the voltages. It converts the dc voltage to ac characteristic is used for tracking the maximum power point.
The step size is varied linearly by choosing the initial value of
voltage in somewhat nearly audio frequency ranges. This
step size. The step size must be chosen judiciously.
may be eliminated by the use of filter circuits. The signal In order to improve the accuracy, the maximum overshoot
obtained is converted into duty cycle and it is send to of the track point is noted. If the irradiation cannot be tracked
PWM generator. The PWM generator generates a further in the same direction, the last tracked point is further
required pulse width and it is used for regulating the divided into further small steps to improve the rate of power.
output from fly back converter. The PWM signal Send to The irradiation may keep changing.
the fly back converter. If the Maximum power point cannot be achieved through
the same direction and if the slope becomes negative,
The fly back converter is used for enhancement of
alternately there is a change in the step size. The step size
voltage on the secondary side. This fly back converter which is obtained at last is reduced to half and furthers half
eliminates the faulty current. It acts as an isolation subsequently for improving the accuracy and power output.
transformer separating the primary and secondary side of Once the step size attains a threshold value, it must
the circuit. The enhanced ac voltage on the secondary converge again to such a value with a speed which is a function
side of the fly back converter is converted into unfolding of the last step size value found. The changes in the step size
ac voltage according to the requirement of the grid. The may lead to decrease in the value of the slope corresponding to
the initial step size.
grid is synchronized by having the equal voltages and the
equal frequency on both the sides of the circuit. The V. Simulation Results:
circuit becomes stable and hence the power transfer Here are the simulated outputs using mat lab. The output
occurs. The power transferred is constantly compared clearly shows us that the output produced by using the
with the power generated in the circuit. It therefore helps improved Perturb and Observe algorithm, the voltage profile
in correcting the synchronizing parameters. has improved 230 volts, Current 3 amperes approximately

IV. Improved Perturb and Observe Algorithm:

This algorithm is also called as Progressive Perturb
and Observe Algorithm. It mainly focuses on idea of
variable step size as well as in a gradual manner.
The method mainly focuses on overcoming the
drawbacks of Perturb and Observe Algorithm.
The drawback of perturb and observe algorithm is
that the aspect of tracking of the maximum power point
during the rapid weather changing conditions results in
distortion of the voltage level .

Fig.2 Voltage in Volts versus time in Seconds

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 Fig.3. Current in Amperes versus time in Seconds

Fig.6. Output voltage obtained with filter circuit

VI. Hard ware results:
VII. Hardware Implementation:
The output results are obtained through the digital The hardware model is implemented for
storage oscilloscope. The results obtained are illustrated prototype of 12V.The results are obtained through
below the sine wave output obtained in the figure.6 is output the CRO. The prototype model implemented is
obtained by using filter circuit. The sine wave is taken as a shown below
reference from the supply system or the grid. The reference
voltage and the output obtained is thus in phase. Therefore,
the output obtained can be connected with the grid as further
application

Fig.7 The prototype model for 12V

Fig .4.Gate pulse to driver circuit VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE:

In this paper, a Fly back converter is implemented

And produced a pulsating DC voltage as output. This
proposed model can be used for high power applications
to get optimum output. Decoupling Capacitor is designed
and implemented which helps to compensate the voltage
when voltage fluctuations are caused when disturbances
occur at PV source. Single Phase inverter which
converters the pulsating dc into ac is also designed and
implemented. Low pass filter is properly designed and
implemented. This combination of converter and inverter
is used to run house hold applications. This paper deals
with the efficient power generation from non-
conventional sources. The Solar powered energy
efficient distribution system can supply electrical power
Fig.5. Output voltage obtained to the remote areas, by using abundant source of energy.
without filter circuit The overall cost of the system is reduced hence it is
made to be affordable to all. The voltage profile can be
improved further by adding an inductor and eliminate
oscillations.

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