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Array in CPP

The document explains arrays in C++, detailing their definition, types (single and multidimensional), and key characteristics. It provides examples of single-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, highlighting their differences and applications. Additionally, it outlines the advantages of using arrays in C++ programming.

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2 views

Array in CPP

The document explains arrays in C++, detailing their definition, types (single and multidimensional), and key characteristics. It provides examples of single-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, highlighting their differences and applications. Additionally, it outlines the advantages of using arrays in C++ programming.

Uploaded by

technicalvcpt
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Programming

Topperworld.in

Array In C++

⚫ In C++, an array is a variable that can store multiple values of the same type.
⚫ A collection of related data items stored in adjacent memory places is
referred to as an array in the C++ programming language or any other
programming language for that matter.
⚫ Elements of an array can be accessed arbitrarily using its indices. They can
be used to store a collection of any type of primitive data type, including int,
float, double, char, etc.
⚫ An array in C++ can also store derived data types like structures, pointers,
and other data types, which is an addition.

❖ Types of Array
There are 2 types of arrays in C++ programming:

• Single Dimensional Array


• Multidimensional Array

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C++ Programming

➢ Single Dimensional Array


• It is a list of the variable of similar data types.
• It allows random access and all the elements can be accessed with the
help of their index.
• The size of the array is fixed.
• For a dynamically sized array, vector can be used in C++.

Example:

#include <iostream>
int main() {
// Declare and initialize a single-dimensional array
int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
// Access and print elements of the array
std::cout << "Array elements: ";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << numbers[i] << " ";
}
return 0;
}

Output:
Array elements: 10 20 30 40 50

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C++ Programming

➢ Multi-dimensional array
• A two-dimensional array is the most basic type of multidimensional array;
it also qualifies as a multidimensional array. There are no restrictions on
the array's dimensions.

Two Dimensional Array:


• It is a list of lists of the variable of the same data type.
• It also allows random access and all the elements can be accessed with
the help of their index.
• It can also be seen as a collection of 1D arrays. It is also known as the
Matrix.
• Its dimension can be increased from 2 to 3 and 4 so on.
• They all are referred to as a multi-dimension array.
• The most common multidimensional array is a 2D array.
• Representation of 2 D array:

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C++ Programming

Example:

#include <iostream>

int main() {
// Declare and initialize a 2D array
int matrix[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}};

// Access and print elements of the 2D array


std::cout << "Matrix elements:" << std::endl;
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
std::cout << matrix[i][j] << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
}

return 0;
}

Output:

Matrix elements:
123
456
789

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C++ Programming

❖ Difference between One and Two Dimension Array

Basis One Dimension Array Two Dimension Array

Store a single list of


Store a ‘list of lists’ of the
Definition the element of a
element of a similar data type.
similar data type.

Represent multiple data items


Represent multiple
Representation as a table consisting of rows and
data items as a list.
columns.

The declaration varies


The declaration varies for
for different
different programming
programming
language:
Declaration language:
For C++,
For C++,
datatype
datatype
variable_name[row][column]
variable_name[row]

Dimension One Two

size of(datatype of the size of(datatype of the variable


Size(bytes) variable of the array) * of the array)* the number of
size of the array rows* the number of columns.

int arr[5]; //an array int arr[2][5]; //an array with


with one row and five two rows and five columns will
columns will be be created.
Example
created. a b c d e
{a , b , c , d , e} f g h i j

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C++ Programming

❖ Important things to remember while using arrays in C++


✓ The array's indexes begin at 0. Meaning that the first item saved at index
0 is x[0].
✓ The final element of an array with size n is kept at index (n-1). This
example's final element is x[5].
✓ An array's elements have sequential addresses. Consider the scenario
where x[0beginning ]'s address is 2120.

❖ Applications of Arrays:
• 2D Arrays are used to implement matrices.
• Arrays can be used to implement various data structures like
a heap, stack, queue, etc.
• They allow random access.
• They are cache-friendly.

❖ Advantages of C++ Array


• Code Optimization (less code)
• Random Access
• Easy to traverse data
• Easy to manipulate data
• Easy to sort data etc.

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