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Mastering Linux Shell Scripting
Second Edition
Mokhtar Ebrahim
Andrew Mallett
BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Mastering Linux Shell
Scripting Second Edition
Copyright © 2018 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief
quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information
presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied.
Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing or its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products
mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the
accuracy of this information.
ISBN 978-1-78899-055-4
www.packtpub.com
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Table of Contents
Title Page
Packt Upsell
Why subscribe?
PacktPub.com
Contributors
Conventions used
Get in touch
Reviews
Technical requirements
Command PATH
Configuring vim
Configuring nano
Configuring gedit
Hello Dolly!
Declaring variables
User-defined variables
Environment variables
Variable scope
Command substitution
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Technical requirements
Script comments
Try to be standard
Enhancing learning with simple scripts
Further reading
3. Conditions Attached
Technical requirements
Simple decision paths using command-line lists
Testing strings
Testing integers
Checking strings
Checking files and directories
Checking numbers
Combining tests
Summary
Questions
Further reading
4. Creating Code Snippets
Technical requirements
Abbreviations
Questions
Further reading
5. Alternative Syntax
Technical requirement
Recapping the test command
Testing files
Adding logic
Square brackets as not seen before
Setting defaults
When in doubt – quote!
Advanced tests using [[
White space
Summary
Questions
Further reading
6. Iterating with Loops
Technical requirement
for loops
Advanced for loops
The IFS
Summary
Questions
Further reading
7. Creating Building Blocks with Functions
Technical requirements
Introducing functions
Passing parameters to functions
Passing arrays
Variable scope
Returning values from functions
Recursive functions
Limiting substitution
Editing the file
Other sed commands
The delete command
Summary
Questions
Further reading
9. Automating Apache Virtual Hosts
Technical requirements
Apache name-based Virtual Hosts
Creating the virtual host template
First steps
Isolating lines
sed script files
Automating virtual host creation
Prompting for data during site creation
Summary
Questions
Further reading
10. AWK Fundamentals
Technical requirements
The history behind AWK
Displaying and filtering content from files
AWK variables
User-defined variables
Conditional statements
The if command
while loops
for loops
Formatting output
Further filtering to display users by UID
AWK control files
Built-in functions
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Anchor characters
The dot character
The character class
Ranges of characters
Using grep
Summary
Questions
Further reading
12. Summarizing Logs with AWK
Technical requirements
Resources hits
Identify image hotlinking
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Summary
Questions
Further reading
What is Python?
Supplying arguments
Counting arguments
Significant whitespace
String manipulation
Summary
Questions
Further reading
Assessments
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Following this, you will learn how to define a variable and the
visibility of a variable. After this, you will learn how to store
command execution output into a variable, which is called command
substitution. Also, you will learn how to debug your code using bash
options and Visual Studio Code. You will learn how to make your
bash script interactive to the user by accepting input from the user
using the read command. Then, you will learn how to read options
and its values if the user passed them to the script. Following this,
you will learn how to write conditional statements such as if
statements and how to use case statements. After this, you will
learn how to create code snippets using vim and Visual Studio Code.
For repetitive tasks, you will see how to write for loops, how to
iterate over simple values, and how to iterate over directory content.
Also, you will learn how to write nested loops. Along with this, you
will write while and until loops. Then, we will move on to functions,
the reusable chunks of code. You will learn how to write functions
and how to use them. After this, you will be introduced to one of the
best tools in Linux, which is Stream Editor. As we are still talking
about text processing, we will introduce AWK, one of the best text
processing tools in Linux that you will ever see.
After this, you will learn how to empower your text processing skills
by writing better regular expressions. Finally, you will be introduced
to Python as an alternative to bash scripting.
Who this book is for
This book targets system administrators and developers who would
like to write a better shell script to automate their work. Some
programming experience is preferable. If you don't have any
background in shell scripting, no problem, the book will discuss
everything from the beginning.
What this book covers
, The What and Why of Scripting with Bash, will introduce
Chapter 1
Linux shells, how to write your first shell script, how to prepare your
editor, how to debug your shell script, and some basic bash
programming, such as declaring variables, variable scope, and
command substitution.
the user using read command, how to pass options to your script,
how to control the visibility of the entered text, and how to limit the
number of entered characters.
Chapter 6, Iterating with Loops, will teach you how to use for loops,
while loops, and until loops to iterate over simple values and complex
values.
engines, and how to use them with sed and AWK to empower your
script.
Chapter 12, Summarizing Logs with AWK, will show how to process the
httpd.conf Apache log file using AWK and extract useful well-formatted
data.
, A Better lastlog with AWK, will show you how to use AWK
Chapter 13
You should know some Linux basics such as the basic commands
such as ls, cd, and which.
Download the example code
files
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Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or
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We also have other code bundles from our rich catalog of books and
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Download the color images
We also provide a PDF file that has color images of the
screenshots/diagrams used in this book. You can download it from ht
tps://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/MasteringLinuxShellScriptingSec
ondEdition_ColorImages.pdf .
Conventions used
There are a number of text conventions used throughout this book.
AZ ÉLETKOROK KÜLÖNBSÉGÉRŐL.
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