Introduction to Cloud Computing

By
Dr. Suchi Kumari
Assistant Professor
Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence
Email: [email protected]
Office Hours: 11:00 AM – 1:00 PM
(Wednesday)
 RELIABILITY
Reliability:
Probability that entire system functions for a specified
period. Truck

Includes hardware, firmware, and software.

Measure of how long the item performs its intended
function. Brakes

Subsystem

Two common measures of reliability:

Ignition
Cooling
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) – Total time in Subsystem

service/number of failures Subsystem

Failure Rate – Number of failures/total time in service System

Probability that the product will work for some time t

without failure:
EXAMPLE
1. Suppose 10 devices are tested for 500 hours. During the test 2 failures occur.
 A. Evaluate MTBF
 B. Failure Rate

2. For a product with an MTBF of 250,000 hours, and an operating time of interest of
5 years (43,800 hours). What is the probability that the product will operate for the 5
years without a failure
EXAMPLE
1. Suppose 10 devices are tested for 500 hours. During the test 2 failures occur.
 A. Evaluate MTBF
 MTBF= (10*500)/2 = 2,500 hours / failure.
 B. Failure Rate
 Failure Rate = 2/(10*500) = 1/2500 failure / hour

2. For a product with an MTBF of 250,000 hours, and an operating time of interest of
5 years (43,800 hours). What is the probability that the product will operate for the 5
years without a failure
RELIABILITY VS. AVAILABILITY
Reliability – A measure of how long a resource performs its
intended function.

Availability – A measure of the percentage of time the resources

are operating normally.
A percentage of uptime (such as 99.9%) over a period
(commonly a year).
Availability – Normal Operation Time/Total Time
Common Shorthand – Refers only to the number of 9s; for
example, 5 nines is 99.999% available.
WHAT IS HIGH AVAILABILITY?
High Availability (HA) is about ensuring that your application's downtime is minimized
as much as possible without the need for human intervention.

Levels of Availability:

Equivalent
Percent of Uptime Max Downtime per Year Downtime per
Day

1 Nine 90% 36.5 days 2.4 hrs

2 Nines 99% 3.65 days 14 min

3 Nines 99.9% 8.76 hrs 86 sec

4 Nines 99.99% 52.6 min 8.6 sec

5 Nines 99.999% 5.25 min .86 sec

HIGH AVAILABILITY
High availability ensures that:
Systems are generally functioning and
accessible.
Downtime is minimized.
Minimal human intervention is required.
Amazon Web Services
(AWS)
 Categories of AWS services

Analytics Application AR and VR Blockchain Business Compute

Integration Applications

Cost Customer Database Developer Tools End User Game Tech

Management Engagement Computing

Internet Machine Management and Media Services Migration and Mobile

of Things Learning Governance Transfer

Networking and Robotics Satellite Security, Identity, and Storage

Content Delivery Compliance
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 Choosing a service
The service you select depends on your business goals and technology
requirements.

Amazon
VMware Cloud EC2 AWS
on AWS Lambda

Amazon ECS ? AWS Elastic

Beanstalk

Amazon EKS

Amazon
AWS Fargate
AWS Outposts Lightsail
AWS Batch

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 Services covered in this course
Compute services – Storage services – Management and
• Amazon EC2 • Amazon S3 Governance services –
• AWS Lambda • Amazon S3 Glacier • AWS Trusted Advisor
• AWS Elastic Beanstalk • Amazon EFS • AWS CloudWatch
• Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling • Amazon EBS • AWS CloudTrail
• Amazon ECS • AWS Well-Architected Tool
• Amazon EKS Database services – • AWS Auto Scaling
• Amazon ECR • Amazon RDS • AWS Command Line Interface
• AWS Fargate • Amazon DynamoDB • AWS Config
• Amazon Redshift • AWS Management Console
• Amazon Aurora • AWS Organizations
Security, Identity, and
Compliance services – Networking and Content AWS Cost Management
• AWS IAM Delivery services – services –
• Amazon Cognito • Amazon VPC • AWS Cost & Usage
• AWS Shield • Amazon Route 53 Report
• AWS Artifact • Amazon CloudFront • AWS Budgets
• AWS KMS • Elastic Load Balancing • AWS Cost Explorer

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AWS Cloud Adoption Framework (AWS CAF)
• AWS CAF provides guidance and
best practices to help
organizations build a
comprehensive approach to cloud
computing across the organization
and throughout the IT lifecycle to
accelerate successful cloud
adoption.
AWS CAF perspectives
• AWS CAF is organized into six
perspectives.
• Perspectives consist of sets of
capabilities.

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 Six core perspectives

Focus on business Focus on technical

capabilities capabilities

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 Business perspective

We must ensure that IT is aligned with business

needs, and that IT investments can be traced to
demonstrable business results.
IT finance

IT strategy

Benefits realization

Business risk management

Business managers, finance
Business perspective capabilities managers, budget owners,
and strategy stakeholders

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 People perspective

We must prioritize training, staffing, and

organizational changes to build an agile
organization.
Resource management

Incentive management

Career management

Training management

Organizational change
management
Human resources, staffing,
and people managers
People perspective capabilities

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 Governance perspective

We must ensure that skills and processes align IT strategy

and goals with business strategy and goals so the
Portfolio management organization can maximize the business value of its IT
investment and minimize business risks.
Program and
project management

Business performance
measurement

License management

Governance perspective capabilities

CIO, program managers, enterprise
architects, business analysts, and
portfolio managers

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 Platform perspective

We must understand and communicate the nature

of IT systems and their relationships. We must be
Compute provisioning
able to describe the architecture of the target state
environment in detail.
Network provisioning

Storage provisioning

Database provisioning

Systems and solution

architecture
CTO, IT managers, and
Application development solutions architects
Platform perspective capabilities

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 Security perspective

We must ensure that the organization meets its

security objectives.
Identity and access
management

Detective control

Infrastructure security

Data protection

CISO, IT security managers,

Incident response and IT security analysts

Security perspective capabilities

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 Operations perspective

We align with and support the operations of the

Service monitoring business, and define how day-to-day, quarter-to-
quarter, and year-to-year business will be
Application performance
monitoring conducted.
Resource inventory
management
Release management/
change management

Reporting and analytics

Business continuity/
Disaster recovery IT operations managers and
IT service catalog IT support managers

Operations perspective capabilities

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 AWS Global Infrastructure Overview
Section 1: AWS Global Infrastructure

Section 2: AWS services and service category overview

 AWS Global Infrastructure
• The AWS Global Infrastructure is designed and built to deliver a flexible, reliable, scalable, and secure cloud computing environment with high-
quality global network performance.
• AWS Global Infrastructure Map: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/#AWS_Global_Infrastructure_Map
• Regions and Availability Zones: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-infrastructure/regions_az/

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 22
 AWS Regions
• An AWS Region is a geographical area.

• Data replication across Regions is controlled by

you.

• Communication between Regions uses AWS

backbone network infrastructure.

• Each Region provides full redundancy and

connectivity to the network.

• A Region typically consists of two or more

Availability Zones.

Example: London Region

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 Selecting a Region

Data governance, legal

requirements

Proximity to customers
(latency)
Determine the right Region for
your services, applications, and Services available within
the Region
data based on these factors

Costs (vary by Region)

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 Availability Zones
• Each Region has multiple Availability Zones.
AWS Cloud
• Each Availability Zone is a fully isolated partition of
the AWS infrastructure. Region eu-west-1

• Availability Zones consist of discrete data centers Availability Zone eu-west-1a

• They are designed for fault isolation Data center

• They are interconnected with other Availability Zones by using Data center
high-speed private networking
• You choose your Availability Zones. Data center

• AWS recommends replicating data and resources across

Availability Zones for resiliency. Availability Zone eu-west-1b

Availability Zone eu-west-1c

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 AWS data centers

• AWS data centers are designed for

security.
• Data centers are where the data
resides, and data processing occurs.
• Each data center has redundant power,
networking, and connectivity, and is
housed in a separate facility.
• A data center typically has 50,000 to
80,000 physical servers.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 26
 Points of Presence
• AWS provides a global network of
Points of Presence locations
• Consists of edge locations and a
much smaller number of
Regional edge caches
• Used with Amazon CloudFront
• A global Content Delivery Network
(CDN), that delivers content to end
users with reduced latency
• Regional edge caches used for
content with infrequent access.

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 27
 AWS infrastructure features
• Elasticity and scalability
• Elastic infrastructure; dynamic adaption of capacity Physically distinct Backup
generators
• Scalable infrastructure; adapts to accommodate
growth
Data center Data center Data center Data center

• Fault-tolerance
• Continues operating properly in the presence of a Data center Data center Data center Data center

failure Availability Zone Availability Zone

• Built-in redundancy of components

• High availability Network

Data center Data center

• High level of operational performance connectivity

Data center Data center

• Minimized downtime Availability Zone

• No human intervention
Uninterruptible Cooling
power supply AWS Region equipment

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 28
 AWS foundational services

Applications Virtual desktops Collaboration and sharing

Databases Analytics Application Deployment and Mobile

Cluster services management Services
computing Queuing Containers Identity
Relational
Platform Real-time Orchestration DevOps tools Sync
Services App Streaming
NoSQL Data Resource templates Mobile
warehouse Transcoding
Usage tracking Analytics
Caching Data Email
Monitoring and logs Notifications
workflows Search

Compute (virtual,
Foundation Networking Storage (object,
automatic scaling, and
Services block, and archive)
load balancing)

Infrastructure Regions Availability Zones Edge locations

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 AWS categories of services

Analytics Application AR and VR Blockchain Business Compute

Integration Applications

Cost Customer Database Developer Tools End User Game Tech

Management Engagement Computing

Internet Machine Management and Media Services Migration and Mobile

of Things Learning Governance Transfer

Networking and Robotics Satellite Security, Identity, and Storage

Content Delivery Compliance

30
 Storage service category

AWS storage services

Amazon Simple Storage Amazon Elastic Block Amazon Elastic

Service (Amazon S3) Store (Amazon EBS) File System
Photo from https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-and-grey-device-159282/ (Amazon EFS)

Amazon Simple Storage

Service
Glacier
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 Compute service category

AWS Compute services

Amazon EC2 Amazon EC2 Amazon Elastic Amazon EC2

Auto Scaling Container Service Container Registry
Photo from https://www.pexels.com/photo/technology-computer-lines-board-50711/ (Amazon ECS)

AWS Elastic AWS Lambda Amazon Elastic AWS Fargate

Beanstalk Kubernetes Service
(Amazon EKS)
32
 Database service category

AWS Database services

Amazon Relational Amazon Aurora Amazon Redshift

Database Service

Amazon
DynamoDB
Photo from https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/data-center/data-centers/

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Networking and content delivery service category

AWS networking
and content delivery services

Amazon VPC Elastic Load Amazon AWS Transit

Balancing CloudFront Gateway

Amazon AWS Direct AWS VPN

Route 53 Connect
Photo by Umberto on Unsplash

34
Security, identity, and compliance service category

AWS security, identity,

and compliance services

AWS Identity and Access AWS Amazon Cognito

Management (IAM) Organizations
Photo by Paweł Czerwiński on Unsplash

AWS Artifact AWS Key AWS Shield

Management
Service
35
 AWS cost management service category

AWS cost management

services

AWS Cost and AWS Budgets AWS Cost

Photo by Alexander Mils on Unsplash Usage Report Explorer

36
 Management and governance service category

AWS management and

governance services

AWS Management AWS Config Amazon AWS Auto

Console CloudWatch Scaling
Photo by Marta Branco from Pexels

AWS Command AWS Trusted AWS Well- AWS

Line Interface Advisor Architected Tool CloudTrail

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 37
 Additional resources
• AWS Global Infrastructure: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-
infrastructure/

• AWS Regional Services List: https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/global-

infrastructure/regional-product-services/

• AWS Cloud Products: https://aws.amazon.com/products/

© 2022, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 38