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ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM Note

The document discusses the characteristics of y-bus matrices in power systems, detailing how diagonal and off-diagonal elements relate to admittances. It classifies buses into three types: Slack Bus, Generator Bus, and Load Bus, each serving distinct functions in balancing power and managing voltage. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of the Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear equations, including simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility, while also noting its convergence limitations.

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rudrasougata06
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31 views8 pages

ADVANCED POWER SYSTEM Note

The document discusses the characteristics of y-bus matrices in power systems, detailing how diagonal and off-diagonal elements relate to admittances. It classifies buses into three types: Slack Bus, Generator Bus, and Load Bus, each serving distinct functions in balancing power and managing voltage. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of the Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear equations, including simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility, while also noting its convergence limitations.

Uploaded by

rudrasougata06
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Show that a diagonal element of a y-bus is equal to the sum of admittances directly
connected to that bus and an off-diagonal clement is equal to the negative of the sum of
admittances directly connected between the buses.

Ans –
2. what are the different types of buses in a power system?

ANS - In a power system, buses are points where electrical circuits meet, and they serve as
connection points for components like generators, transformers, and loads. Buses are classified
based on their function in the power system. The three main types of buses are:

1. *Slack Bus (Reference Bus) *:

- The slack bus is used to balance the active and reactive power in the system.

- It has a known voltage magnitude and phase angle, while the power output is adjusted to
maintain system balance.

- There is typically one slack bus in a power system.

2. *Generator Bus (Voltage-Controlled Bus) *:

- A generator bus is associated with a generator that controls both active and reactive power.

- The voltage magnitude is controlled at these buses, but the phase angle is usually determined
based on the system’s conditions.

- Power generation at these buses is controlled to maintain voltage levels within acceptable
limits.

3. *Load Bus (PQ Bus) *:

- A load bus is typically where loads (consumers) are connected, and the power demand is
specified.

- Both active (P) and reactive (Q) power are specified for these buses, but the voltage
magnitude and phase angle are calculated based on the system’s operation.

- These buses do not have any generation capability but are used to model power
consumption.

OR

Four quantities are associated with each bus. These are voltage magnitude [V], phase angle 8,
real power P and reactive power Q. In a load flow study, two out of four quantities are specified
and the remaining two quantities are to be obtained through the solutions of equations. The
system buses are generally classified into three categories

Slack bus: Also known as swing bus and taken as reference where the magnitude and phase
angle of the voltage are specified. This bus provides the additional real and reactive power to
supply the transmission losses, since these are unknown until the final solution is obtained.

Load buses: Also known as PQ bus. At these buses the real and reactive powers are specified the
magnitude and phase angle of the bus voltage are unknown until the final solution is obtained.

Voltage controlled buses: Also known as generator buses or regulated buses or P-V buses. At
these buses, the real power and voltage magnitude are specified. The phase angles of the
voltages and the reactive power are unknown until the final solution is obtained. The limits on
the value of reactive power are also specified.
3. What are the advantages of Gauss-Seidel method?

ANS - The Gauss-Seidel method is an iterative technique for solving a system of linear equations.
Some of its key advantages include:

1. Simplicity and Ease of Implementation: The Gauss-Seidel method is straightforward to


implement, requiring only basic operations like subtraction and division.

2. Convergence (for certain types of matrices): The method is guaranteed to converge faster
than the Jacobi method if the matrix is diagonally dominant or symmetric positive definite.

3. Efficiency: The Gauss-Seidel method can be more efficient than direct methods (like
Gaussian elimination), especially for large sparse systems. This is because it doesn't require
storing large intermediate matrices or performing expensive matrix factorizations.

4. Memory Usage: Since the method solves the system by updating variables sequentially, it
tends to use less memory compared to other methods that need to store large matrices or
additional copies of data.

5. Parallelizable: Although Gauss-Seidel itself is sequential, there are variants (like the
Successive Overrelaxation method) that can be adapted for parallel computing, improving its
performance on modern hardware.

6. Flexibility: The method can be used to solve both linear and nonlinear equations, and it can
be adapted to problems where the system is not square (overdetermined or
underdetermined).

However, it's important to note that the Gauss-Seidel method does not always converge,
especially for systems that are not diagonally dominant or symmetric positive definite.
4. A 60 Hz 4 pole generator rated 100 MVA, I3.8 kV has an inertia constant of 10 MJ/MVA.
(a) Find the stored energy in the rotor at synchronous speed.
(b) If the input to the generator is suddenly raised to 60 MW for an electrical load of 50 MW.
find rotor acceleration.
ANS –
5.
6. Explain critical clearing angle and critical clearing time

Ans .
7. Stability -

Ans .

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