MODULE-2 NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENERGY

1. What percentage of the Earth's water is freshwater?

A) 1%

B) 3%

C) 10%

D) 25%

2. Which sector consumes the most freshwater globally?

A) Domestic use

B) Industrial use

C) Agriculture

D) Recreation

3. Which of the following is a key indicator of water quality?

A) Temperature

B) pH level

C) Water color

D) All of the above

4. Which water treatment process removes solid particles from water?

A) Chlorination

B) Filtration

C) Sedimentation

D) Aeration

5. What is the leading cause of water scarcity in urban areas?

A) Overpopulation

B) Natural disasters

C) Agricultural needs
 D) Lack of rainfall

6. Which organization is primarily responsible for monitoring water quality in the U.S.?

A) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)

B) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

C) NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)

D) FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

7. What is the primary cause of eutrophication in water bodies?

A) Increased salinity

B) Excessive nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus

C) Heavy metals

D) Sedimentation

8. What is a common method for assessing water quality?

A) Visual inspection

B) Chemical testing

C) Temperature measurement

D) All of the above

9. What is a waterborne disease?

A) A disease transmitted through air

B) A disease caused by pathogens in contaminated water

C) A disease transmitted by insects

D) A disease caused by poor nutrition

10. Which of the following is a common waterborne disease?

A) Influenza

B) Malaria

C) Cholera
 D) Tuberculosis

11.What organism is primarily responsible for cholera?

A) Virus

B) Bacteria

C) Protozoa

D) Fungi

12.Which symptom is most commonly associated with waterborne diseases?

A) Fever

B) Diarrhea

C) Skin rash

D) Cough

13. How can waterborne diseases be prevented?

A) Drinking unfiltered water

B) Vaccination

C) Proper sanitation and hygiene

D) Eating cooked food

14.What is the main source of contamination leading to waterborne diseases?

A) Industrial waste

B) Agricultural runoff

C) Sewage and wastewater

D) All of the above

15.What is the causative agent of hepatitis A?

A) Bacteria

B) Virus

C) Protozoa
 D) Helminths

16. Which water treatment process is most effective at killing bacteria?

A) Sedimentation

B) Filtration

C) Chlorination

D) Coagulation

17.Which of the following is a sign of a waterborne disease outbreak?

A) Increased school attendance

B) Higher rates of diarrhea in a community

C) Decreased hospital visits

D) Fewer people drinking water

18.What is the primary mode of transmission for waterborne diseases?

A) Direct contact

B) Airborne transmission

C) Ingestion of contaminated water

D) Vector-borne transmission

19. Which of the following groups is most vulnerable to waterborne diseases?

A) Adults

B) Infants and young children

C) Elderly

D) All age groups are equally vulnerable

20.What preventive measure can be taken to reduce the risk of waterborne diseases in developing
countries?

A) Increase industrial waste discharge

B) Improve access to clean drinking water

 C) Promote unregulated water sources

D) Limit sanitation facilities

21.Which disease is caused by the ingestion of contaminated water containing the parasite
Cryptosporidium?

A) Typhoid

B) Giardiasis

C) Cryptosporidiosis

D) Dysentery

22. What is one of the most effective ways to ensure water safety?

A) Boiling water before drinking

B) Storing water in open containers

C) Relying on untreated river water

D) Ignoring water quality tests

23. What is the primary source of fluoride in drinking water?

A) Agricultural runoff

B) Natural mineral deposits

C) Industrial waste

D) Chlorination

24. What is the term for excessive fluoride exposure that affects bones?

A) Osteoporosis

B) Skeletal fluorosis

C) Osteoarthritis

D) Bone cancer

25. What is one method used to reduce fluoride levels in drinking water?

A) Boiling
 B) Reverse osmosis

C) Chlorination

D) Filtration

26.What is the threshold level of fluoride considered unsafe for drinking water?

A) 1.0 mg/L

B) 2.0 mg/L

C) 4.0 mg/L

D) 10.0 mg/L

26. Cholera. Typhoid, Hepatitis - A and E are the diseases caused due to
A)Solar radiation
B)Contaminated water
C) Radioactivity
D) Electromagnetic radiation

27. What is the percentage of fresh water available in lakes and streams
A) 0.0001%
B) 0.001%
C) 0.01%
D) 0.1%

28.HIV can be transmitted to humans through which media?

A) Air B)water C) Virus D) soil

29. Typhoid, Cholera are examples of

A) Viral infection
B) Bacterial infection
C) Protozoan infection
D) None of the above
30. Cholera and Typhoid are caused by
A) Housefly B) Virus C) Bacteria D) Fungus

31. Water quality involves measuring the number of colonies of

A) Coliform bacteria B) Protozoa C) Cells D) Chromozomes

32. What is the permissible range of pH for drinking water as per the Indian standards?
A) 6 to 9
B) 6 to 8.5
C) 6.5 to 7.5
D) 6.5 to 8.5

33. What is the maximum allowable concentration of fluorides in drinking water?

A) 1.0 milligram per liter
B) 1.50 milligram per liter
C) 1.25 milligram per liter
D) 1.75 milligram per liter

34. Major source of Fluoride available in :

A) River water B) Groundwater C) Food products D) Both a andc

35. Water quality involves measuring the number of colonies of

A) Coliform bacteria B) Protozoa C) Cells D) Chromozomes

36. Fluorosis is caused due to

A)No fluoride intake
B)Excess fluoride intake
C)Low fluoride intake
D) None of the above

37.Identity the non renewable source of energy from the following :

A) Coal
B) Tidal power
C) Wind power
D) Wave power.
38. Which is considered as energy source of future?
A) Wind B) Hydrogen C) Ocean D) None of these
 (Jan 2015)
39..The fossil fuel which causes maximum environmental pollution due to its use in generation of
thermal power is
A) Coal B) Oil C) Natural gas D) None of these
(Jan 2015)
40. Tidal power plants are not preferred by environmentalists because,
A)Tidal power is a renewable source
B)Tidal power can be developed only in coasts
C) Tidal power stations bring about major ecological changes in sensitive coastal
ecosystem.
D)None of the above.
(Jan 2015)
(Jan 2015)
41..Nuclear Power Plant in Kamataka is located at
A)Kuderemukh B) Raichur C) Kaiga D) Karavali
(Jan 2015, June 2015)

42. Nuclear fusion reaction holds the promise of being a better source of energy than Nuclear fission reaction
because of
A) The fuel for fusion is almost infinitely available
B) It has minimum pollution problems
C) High energy Output
D) All the Above

43. A Solar cell generates electricity from sunlight by

A) Flow of Charge carriers
B) Flow of heat
C) Flow of energy
D) Flow of electrolyte
44. The important Alternative source of energy that requires research
A) Hydrogen Production
B) Nuclear fission Reaction
C) Hydro Power
D) Thermal Energy
45. energy consumption for global transportation is
A) 42% B) 24% C) 4% D) 34%
46.Hydrogen is found on earth in combination with
A) Sulphur B) Helium C) Copper D) Oxygen

47. Good example of renewable energy resource is

A) Hydropower B) Coal C) Oil D) All the above

48. Direct conversion of solar energy is attained by

A) Solar photovoltaic system B) Galvanic cells
C) Electrolytic cells D) Hydrogen fuel cells

49 .The total percentage of non-renewable energy sources available is

A) 18 B) 82 C) 30 D) 6

50 .Energy is measured in
A)Blu B) Bhu C) Btu D) All

51. ‘OTEC’ is an energy technology that converts

A) energy in large tides of ocean to generate electricity
B) energy in ocean waves to generate electricity
C) energy in ocean due to thermal gradient to generate electricity
D) None of these

52. Harnessing the wind energy is done by

A). Wind mill B). Ball mill C). Flour mill D) None

53. How does electrolysis produce hydrogen?

A) By running electricity to combine hydrogen and water
B) By separating water into hydrogen and oxygen and generating electricity
C) By passing electricity into water to separate it into hydrogen and oxygen
D) By passing electricity into water to evaporate it into hydrogen

54. What is the main problem in using hydrogen as fuel for vehicles?
A) Capital intensive
B) Storage
C) Fuel cell technology is not well established
D) Cars will become heavy

55. In what form is solar energy is radiated from the sun?

A) Ultraviolet Radiation
B) Infrared radiation
C) Electromagnetic waves
D) Transverse waves

56.The ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is uses

A) Energy difference
B) Potential difference
C) Temperature difference
D) Kinetic difference

57. The most important Source of EMR

A) Water B) Radiant Heat C) Natural gas D) The Sun

58. Which of the following is an alternative Promising Fuel

A) CNG B)Kerosene C) Coal D) Petrol

59. In Hydropower plants Power is generated by

A) Hotsprings B) Wind C) Sun D)Water