Cloud Computing

US National Institute of Standards and Technology defines Computing as

“ Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g networks, servers, storage, applications,
and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction. ”

Source: http://www.smallbiztechnology.com/archive/2011/09/wait-what-is-cloud-computing.htm30l/
 Factors driving investment in
cloud

Source: http://www.cloudtweaks.com/2012/01/infographic-whats-driving-investment-in-cloud- 2
computing/
 History of cloud computing

• Before Computing was come into existence, client Server Architecture

was used where all the data and control of client resides in Server side.
• If a single user want to access some data, firstly user need to connect to
the server and after that user will get appropriate access.
• After Client Server computing, Distributed Computing was come into
existence, in this type of computing all computers are networked
together with the help of this, user can share their resources when
needed. It also has certain limitations.
• During 1961, John MacCharty delivered his speech at MIT that
“Computing Can be sold as a Utility, like Water and Electricity.” According
to John MacCharty it was a brilliant idea. But people at that time don’t
want to adopt this technology.
 History of cloud computing

• This concept of computing was not appreciated much so and very less will
research on it. But as the time fleet the technology caught the idea after few
years this idea is implemented by Salesforce.com in 1999.
• Salesforce started delivering an enterprise application over the internet and
this way the boom of Cloud Computing was started.
• In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon provided
storage, computation over the Internet. In 2006 Amazon launched Elastic
Compute Cloud Commercial Service which is open for Everybody to use.
• After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud Computing
Enterprise Application as other companies saw the emergence of cloud
Computing they also started providing their cloud services.
• Thus, in 2009, Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure and after that other
companies like IBM, Oracle, HP also introduces their Cloud Services.
 Essential Characteristics of cloud
computing
• On-demand self-service
• A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as
needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
• Broad network access
• Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by
heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
• Resource pooling
• The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model,
with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer
demand.
5
 Continued!!!

• Measured Service
– Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering
capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,
processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be
– monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.
• Rapid elasticity
– Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released, in some cases automatically, to
scale rapidly outward and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be
appropriated in any quantity at any time.
6
9
 Cloud Services Models

• Software as a Service (SaaS)

 The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications
are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email),
or a program interface.

 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems,
storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration
settings.

 e.g: Google Spread Sheet

• Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 The capability provided to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources
 Consumer can deploy and run arbitrary software
 e.g: Amazon Web Services and Flexi scale. 10
 Cloud Services Models

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

 The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or
acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the
provider.
 The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers,
operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration
settings for the application-hosting environment.

11
 Software Defined Networking (SDN)
in cloud
16

• Software Defined Networking (SDN) can be described as an architecture that allows

networks to be more flexible and programmable by segregating and decoupling the
control plane and the data/infrastructure plane from one another, this allows us to
program the network according to our needs.

• SDN plays a major role in Cloud Computing in that it allows the users to address different
changes quickly as they come. One of its major advantages is that it streamlines the
network configuration procedure and boosts network monitoring and performance.

• Cloud Computing along with the cloud storage services have provided a ton of benefits
when used in conjunction with virtualization and automation but the only restriction that
they face is the network limitations hence SDN allows the networks to be flexible and
adapt to the changing network demands.
 17
Types of Cloud (Deployment
Models)
• Private cloud
The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization.
e.g Window Server 'Hyper-V'.
• Community cloud
The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific goal.
• Public cloud
The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public
e.g Google Doc, Spreadsheet,
• Hybrid cloud
The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public)
e.g Cloud Bursting for load balancing between clouds.
 18

Virtual Machines
• VM technology allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single
physical machine.

App App App App App

Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS
Xen
(Linux)
VM
(NetBSD)
VM
(Windows)
VM
VMWare
Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) / Hypervisor

Hardware
• Performance: Para-virtualization (e.g. Xen) is very close to raw physical
performance!
 19

Cloud Storage
• Several large Web companies are now exploiting the fact that they have data
storage capacity that can be hired out to others.
– Allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on
desktop computers, mobile phones or other Internet-linked
devices.
• Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Solution (S3) are well
known examples
 20
Advantages of Cloud Computing

• Universal information access

– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your
documents with you.
– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have a
computer and an Internet connection
– Documents are instantly available from wherever you are.
• Latest version availability
– When you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when
you access the document at work.
– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents as long as you
are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated version.
 21

Advantages of Cloud
Computing
• Easier group collaboration
– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.
– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing
multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects
• Device independence
– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.
– Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you through the
cloud.
– Move to a portable device, and your applications and documents are still
available.
 22

Disadvantages of Cloud Computing

• Requires a constant internet connection
• Does not work well with low-speed connections
• Stored data might not be secured
• Stored data can be lost!
23

Reasons
• The main reason for interest in cloud computing is due to the fact that
public clouds can significantly reduce IT costs.
• From and end user perspective cloud computing gives the illusion of
potentially infinite capacity with ability to scale rapidly and pay only for
the consumed resource.
• In contrast, provisioning for peak capacity is a necessity within private
data centers, leading to a low average utilization of 5-20 percent.
24

Top cloud applications that are driving cloud

adaptation
• Mail and Messaging
• Archiving
• Backup
• Storage
• Security
• Virtual Servers
• CRM (Customer Relationship Management)
• Collaboration across enterprises
• Hosted PBX (Private Branch Exchange)
• Video Conferencing

Source: http://www.itnewsafrica.com/2012/09/ten-drivers-of-cloud-computing-for-south-african-businesses/
 New Paradigms in cloud
computing
Mobile Cloud Computing: Mobile cloud computing uses cloud
computing to deliver applications to mobile devices. These
mobile apps can be deployed remotely using speed and
flexibility and development tools.
Fog Computing: is a decentralized computing infrastructure or
process in which computing resources are located between
the data source and the cloud or any other data center.
Edge computing: moves some portion of storage and compute
resources out of the central data center and closer to the
source of the data itself. Rather than transmitting raw data to
a central data center for processing and analysis, that work is
instead performed where the data is actually generated --
whether that's a retail store, a factory floor, a sprawling utility
or across a smart city