THE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE LAMINAR

BOUNDARY LAYER BETWEEN PARALLEL STREAMS

By R. C. LOCK (GonviUe and Caius College, Cambridge)

[Received 13 June 1950]

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SUMMARY
A method is given for obtaining the solution of the laminar boundary layer
equations for the steady flow of a stream of viscous incompressible fluid over a
parallel stream of different density and viscosity. An approximate solution is also
obtained by means of the momentum equation. It is shown that the solutions depend
only on the ratio U2/Ui of the velocities of the two streams and on the product p/x.
of the corresponding density and viscosity ratios. Numerical results are given, in
the case where the lower fluid is at rest, for four values of p/x, and also when pyi — 1,
for one non-zero value of the velocity ratio.

1. Introduction
IN a paper on the stability of the flow of a stream of fluid over a layer of
the same fluid at rest, Lessen (1) has obtained the velocity distribution
of steady motion in the free laminar boundary layer separating the two
streams, using a method equivalent to that of Blasius for the boundary
layer on a flat plate. In the present paper the- more general problem, when
the two fluids are of different densities and viscosities, is considered.
Sir Geoffrey Taylor, in an unpublished note, has already given a simple
approximate solution by von Karman's momentum integral method, but
it was thought worth while to investigate the accurate solutions of the
boundary layer equations for this case, since it is hoped later to consider
the problem of the stability of the same motion.

2. The boundary layer equations

We consider the two-dimensional motion of a stream of fluid with
velocity Uv density pv and viscosity p^ over a parallel stream with velocity
U2, density p2, and viscosity JU2. Both fluids are assumed to be incompres-
sible.
We take the axis of x to be horizontal, in the direction of motion of the
free streams, and the axis oft/ to be vertically upwards. The origin is taken
as the point at which the two fluids are supposed first to come into contact
(see Fig. 1). The corresponding components of velocity are u and v.
[Quart. Journ. Mecb. and Applied Math., Vol. IV, Pt. 1 (1951)]
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 43
On the usual assumptions that the change of velocity from U2 to Ux takes
place in a layer of small thickness, and that v is everywhere small compared

Density p,
Viscosity p., '—'-
i

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Density p:
Viscosity p-i

Fio. 1

with u, the boundary layer equations are

du du _ dhi
U (1)
~dx-Vdy~Vldyi
for the upper fluid, and
du du dhi (2)
u (- v — = v2 —»
dx v2 are
for the lower fluid, where vx and dythe ldnematic
dy viscosities of the two
fluids.
The equation of continuity is

(3)

so that there exists a stream function <p such that

difi dtp
U = V=
dy' ~~dx
In order to solve equation (1) we use the non-dimensional variable

and look for a solution in which

(5)
Then u=U1fi(Vl), (6)

(7)
44 R. C. LOCK
Equation (1) then reduces to

In the lower fluid it is convenient to use a different variable t\2 defined

by

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so that 7]2 = l^iJ* t]v

and to put if) = {viU1z)^f2(r]2). (11)

(12)

\ (13)

and ^=^(ilU/;W. (14)

Equation (2) then reduces to

^ ^ I = 0. (15)

Boundary conditions
The boundary conditions at infinity are
u -» J7X as i?i -
and u ->- J7a as TJ2 -> —oo,
so that /i -* 1 as 17!^- +00 (16)
as
and fi-^w ^a-^-—°°- (17)

Since the motion is steady, the interface between the fluids, is the
streamline tp = 0 which passes through the origin, and is therefore given
by
A = / 2 = o.
If -t]% is the value of ij2 such that /2(TJ§) = 0, then we must have also

where ijj

(It will appear later that TJ? = rfe = 0 unless px = p2)

 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 45
The other conditions to be satisfied at the interface are that the velocity
and the normal and transverse components of stress should be continuous.
We must therefore have / ( / 0> f,, 0\ ,1Oi
Mm) = JiKVi)' \L°)
which ensures that both u and v shall be continuous, even if -q\ =£ 0.
The tangential stress is n(dujdy) approximately; using equations (8) and
(14) we see that this will be continuous provided that

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Pi"i/M = p2"£/M. (19)
This result may also be obtained from considerations of momentum.
For, if the boundary between the two fluids is given by y = yo(x), then,
since there are no solid boundaries and therefore no frictional resistance
to the motion as a whole,

J p1u(U1—u)dy+ jj p2u(V2—u)dy = 0.
Vo
o -<o

In terms of the variables ijx and TJ2 this becomes

00 Ijj

PA J hfiil-fi) «fr?i+ J P2/2 (§-/*) *& = °-

Using the fact that

Jf'2dV = / / ' - / / / " dr,
=/
from (9) or (15), we get

Now/1 (00) = 1, /i(oo) = 0, and it can be shown that

similarly/i(-oo) = &/,*(-oo) = 0, and Urn / 2 / ^ - / 2 ' j = 0, and also

Therefore, Plv*fi(Vi) = pAKdl) as before.

The normal stress is a^
Pvy=-P+2H-.

It is easy to see that if fx,{du/dy) is continuous, then ix(3v/dy) will also be

continuous. The pressure p must, therefore, also be continuous at the
interface.
46 R. C. LOCK
Now the variation in p/(p1 U\) across the boundary layer is known to be
of order (8/a;)2, where 8 is the boundary layer thickness. On the other hand,
the difference between the hydrostatic pressures at the two sides of the
interface is given by

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and, if p1 =fc p2 and 17? is of order unity, this is of order.8/a;. Thus when
Pi < Pz it i s evident that ijj must be small, of order 8/*, and may be taken
as a sufficient approximation to be zero, so that the effect of gravity will
be to maintain the interface horizontal.
In this case, therefore, the solution of equations (9) and (15) is com-
pletely determined by the boundary conditions
/iM = 1, (20)

/i(-oo) = ^ , (21)

0, (22)
/i(0)=/I(0), (23)
and Pivt/T(O) = p,vl/T(O). (24)
When px = p2, however, gravity has no eSect and ./J is left apparently
arbitrary (see 1). This does not in fact materially affect the solution; there
are certainly an infinity of solutions of the equation
ff+2f" = 0
which satisfy the boundary conditions
/'(«) = 1, /'(-«>) = §,
but if/ and g are any two such solutions it is easy to see that they must
be connected by a relation of the form

where 6 is a constant, so that also/'(ij) = g\t]-\-b).

The difference between the two solutions is, therefore, simply equivalent
to a shift of the velocity distribution as a whole in the ^-direction.
In a given physical case, however, there must be a unique solution and
a definite value of -r{{. In order to fix this it will be necessary to specify a
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 47
further condition at infinity. Now it can be shown that the displacements
of the streamlines at great distances from the interface are

for the upper stream and

8t = 1-=^ hm (TJ,—/

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for the lower stream. These displacements will depend on the value of -q\,
so that one of them may be chosen arbitrarily without interfering with the
flow in the boundary layer, and the physical conditions will then be fixed
completely. (If U2 = 0 only 8f has any meaning and this may be chosen
arbitrarily.) It should be noted that the situation is quite different from
the case of boundary layer flow along a flat plate, when the presence of a
constraint at infinity, such as a wind-tunnel wall, will cause definite
interference.
3. Approximate solutions by the momentum equation method
Before discussing the accurate numerical solutions of equations (9) and
(15) it seems of interest to obtain some idea of the general nature of the
velocity distributions by means of von Karman's momentum equation
(2, p. 131).
The momentum equations in this case reduce to
8,

- = ">(£) =l\(U1-u)udy, (25)

0
for the upper fluid, and
-8,

\ (26)
J
0
for the lower fluid, where T0 is the skin friction and Sx and 82 are the
boundary-layer thicknesses on either side of the interface.
In the upper fluid, we suppose that

where 'J* = jr-

Then equation (25) becomes

I
whence ^ fx(0) = Sf J fo-tf) dv*. (27)
48 R. C. LOCK

In the lower fluid, we suppose similarly that

u *

whem 77J = — j~-,

and then equation (26) becomes

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^ 2 . ( 0 ) = 81 f m2-<j>\) drj*, (28)

where A= jf.

I
If we write Ix = j (fa—</>l) rf^J,
oo

o
and eliminate z from equations (27) and (28), making use of the relations

we get P^h+h = 0. (29)

where 8 = ^ and p = —.
Si Pi
The functions (f>1 and ^ 2 ma>y be chosen so that they satisfy as many of
the conditions
^(1) = 1, f x (l) = fi(l) = ... = 0,
#(0) = ^i"(0) = ... = 0,

«(0) = ^'(0) = ... = 0,

<f>2{l) = A, ^i(l) = #(1) = ... = 0
as is convenient. The integrals 1^ and 72 can then be evaluated, and 8
found from equation (29).
3.1 In suggesting this problem, Sir Geoffrey Taylor pointed out the
possibility of using the simple expressions
fa == l+(c— lje-'fc' (30)
r
and <f>2 = X+(c—X)e- >' (with A = 0). (31)
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 49

The boundary conditions at T;J = 1, rfe = 1 are now replaced by similar

conditions at infinity, all of which are satisfied. The conditions
*i(0) = #•(<>) = c,
and S^'x(O) = —[itf>'2(0), where /x = /X2/MI> are also satisfied, provided that
(32)

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00

Then J1 = j (&-#) dv* = Kl-c 2 ),

0
oo

and /, = J (A^,-^i) dr,* = KA2-c2).

o
0

Substituting these expressions in (29) and using the value of c given by

(32), we obtain eventually the equation
,x[28+/x(l+A)] = p82[8(]+A)+2/xA]. (33)
This may be written in the form
J_ {2(8/JX)+1+A} ,OA\

which is suitable for solution by successive approximations, the first

approximation when p/x is large being

fi \2\pfij

or - = (pu)-* if A = 0.

The velocity M0 at the interface is given by (32);

U X+{8lft)
thus °- c-
thus
u-'
so that u0 = ^ 2 + ^ ( . y = U,+ Utffr) if /•/* is large.
l + (8//x)
The skin friction T0 at the interface is given by

so that the skin friction coefficient is

In this case cTo = ^(1—c)(l+c)*.

5092.13 E
50 R. C. LOCK
The first approximation when p/t is large is
c T o =£(l-A)(l+A)*, (36)
being in fact the limit as /J/X tends to infinity, which is the value for a solid
lower boundary moving with velocity V2.
3.2. A better approximation should be obtained by taking the functions
<f>i and <£2 to be quartic polynomials in rfi and ij*.
Thus ^ = c+(l-c)(2,f-2,f»+^) (37)

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and ^ = c+(A-c)(2,J-2i,}»+,**) (38)
satisfy the conditions
^(1) = 1, &(1) = 0, £(1) = 0,
*2(1) = A, &(1) = 0, f2(l) = 0,
<f>i(0) = &(0) = c,
^i(O) = «(0) = 0,
and 8^(0) = - ^ ( 0 ) ,

provided that c = as before (equation (32)).

Then 7X
and I2
and the equation corresponding to (34) is
/S\ 2 J [189(8/u)+74+llSA]-

When pfi is large, the first approximation to 8/n is

8 /74+115AU
\ 189A j '

or - = 0-857(/xp)~* if A = 0.

The velocity at the interface is given as before by equation (32), and

the skin friction coefficient is given by equation (35), the first approxima-
tion when p\L is large being
cTo = 0-343(l-A)(l + l-556A)*.
3.3. Good results have also been obtained in the case of flow along a
flat plate by taking the velocity profile to be part of a sine curve. This
Buggests trying ^ = c+(l-c)sin^^ (40)
and <^2 = c+(A—cjsin^^, (41)
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 51
which satisfy the conditions
&(1) = 1, &(1) = 0,
<£2(1) = A, f 2 (l) = 0,
#i(0) = U0) = o,
4,1(0) = #(<» = o
and 8^(0) = -/*&(0),

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provided that c is given as before by equation (32).

and the equation for 8//x is

/3\ 2 J [(2
V ;

The first approximation to S/ju. is

S /1-425A+0-858U
-858H
2-283Aw J
or - = 0-844(^/3)-* if A = 0.
The velocity at the interface and the skin friction coefficient are given
as before by equations (32) and (35), the first approximation to the latter
when pfx. is large being
cTo = O-328(1-A)(1+1-657A)».
The velocity and skin friction coefficients at the interface have been
calculated, using equations (39) and (42), for the values 5-965 X 104, 100,
10, and 1 for pfi, with A = 0, and also for p/j. = 1, with A = 0-25, 0-501,
and 0-75. They are compared in Table I of section 5 with the values
obtained by accurate numerical integration of the differential equation.
The agreement is quite good in all cases; the method of section 3.3 gives
the best results for the velocity at the interface, and the method of section
3.2 for the skin friction.
4. The integration of the exact boundary layer equations
4.1. Asymptotic expansions
Before it is possible to start the numerical integration of the boundary-
layer equations it is first necessary to investigate the asymptotic forms
which the solutions of the equation
2
f'"(r))+f(r])f"(r)) = ° ( 43 )
take when -q is large.
52 B. C. LOCK
This equation has the property (see e.g. 1) that, if /(17) is any solution,
then (7(£) is also a solution, provided that
£ = 017+6
and /(T?) = ag($),
where a and b are any constants. Then

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and so on, where dashes denote derivatives.
We will first suppose that/'(ij) ->• A as 77 -> —00. There are two cases to
be considered, A = 0 and A > 0. In the first case, when A = 0, we can
suppose t h a t / ^ ) -»• —a as TJ -> —00, where a is a constant. If we substitute
—a for / in equation (43) and integrate three times, we get
/(1,) a+Ae^v,
where A is a constant. This suggests that we try the expansion
f(v) = A0+A1eiav+A2eav+Ase*">+....
Substituting in (43), and equating to zero the coefficients of successive
powers of e*"7', we obtain the recurrence relations
aA1+A0A1 = 0,
I = 0,
= 0,

Hence Ao = —a and A± may be chosen arbitrarily. A standard solution

g{H) may be obtained by putting a = 1, Ax = 1; then
9(i) = - l + e » * - i e f + 6 e t f - & e « + . . . . (44)
Any other solution with the same boundary condition can be obtained
from this by making use of the property mentioned above. The expansion
(44) is in fact convergent for £ < 0.
In the second case, if A > 0, we can assume that
Km (f-Xr,) = B,
n—•-—00

where B is a constant. Equation (43) then becomes approximately

2 / * + ( A I J + J B ) / ' = 0,
the solution of which may be written
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 53
where A is a constant, so that
/'~A+24A*erf{-#*
00

where erf 2 = f e-*1 dt,

z

and / f erf|_£A*(TJ + ^ ] } dr,.

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Now it is known that an asymptotic expansion for erf 2 is
, le-*2/, 1 , 1 3 1 13 5 1 ,

Integration of this expansion leads to

where z = - £A* L+~\. (45)

A second approximation can be obtained by substituting the expression
Ae~z'\
(\TJ-\-B-\
zz /
1 for/in equation (43). We get eventually, when 17 is large
and negative,
3 1 5 1 A
L \ ^ 1 IAH\

+ j + (46)
^ (47)

and f»^A\e-*'-lAW<^ + ..., (48)

where z is given by (45).
The corresponding asymptotic expansions for/(rj) when i\ is large and
positive, and when lim f'(rj) = 1, lim (f—rj) = D, can be obtained in a
similar way, or from (46), (47), and (48) by using the fact that —/(—?j)
is also a solution of (43), putting A = 1 and writing — C for A, —D for B.
They are
w 1 \ 1 *
/'~l-2CerfM>---^ f-- (50)

and /•^Ce-^+i^fi- + ... (51)

where w=
and C is a further arbitrary constant.
54 R. C. LOCK

4.2. Methods of numerical integration

For the case when the lower fluid is at rest, i.e. when A = 0, the property
mentioned at the beginning of section 4.1 makes it extremely simple to
obtain a numerical solution for given values of the density ratio p and the
viscosity ratio /x. The standard solution <7(£), defined by equation (44), is
first integrated numerically from the differential equation, using (44) as
a starting-point, until the zero £0 of g(£) is reached. This function gr(|) can
be used in all cases to give the solution for the lower fluid, by choosing

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appropriate values for the constants a and b. The solution g^i), for £ > £0,
is then defined by the conditions
frtfo) = 0.
0i(6>) = ff'tfo).
9l(io) = (w)Wo)-
This function is integrated numerically, starting with a series solution to
give a few initial values, until a constant value of gri(£) is reached. The
constants a and 6 are then given by

and it is easy to see that the functions /i(i7i), /^('fo) defined by

where £ = OT7O+6 (£ < £„)

and | = oiji+6 (£ > f0),
satisfy all the conditions of the problem. It is evident that in this case
there is a single infinity of solutions, depending only on the parameter pp.
When A is not zero, there is a double infinity of solutions, depending on
the parameters pp and A; and for given values of these parameters it is not
easy to find the appropriate solution. If, however, pp is given, a set of
solutions with different (initially unknown) values of A could be obtained
by starting at large positive values of t], with the functions defined by the
asymptotic expressions (49) to (51), using a set of values for the arbitrary
constant C, and integrating numerically to large negative values of -q2 to
find the corresponding values of A, at the same time satisfying the correct
boundary conditions at the interface. Alternatively, the methods of
sections 3.2 and 3.3 could be used to obtain approximate values of the
velocity and velocity gradient on either side of the interface for given
values of p/i and A. These would define solutions of the differential equation
for positive ^ and negative ij2 which could be integrated numerically,
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAE, BOUNDARY LAYER 55
starting at the origin, until the velocity became constant in both directions.
By choosing the scaling factor a in the same way as before an accurate
solution would thus be obtained with a value of A nearly equal to the given
value. This seems in fact the best method and has been used in the only
example worked out.

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FIG. 2. Velocity distributions.

5. Results
The standard solution gr(£), denned by equation (44), from which, when
A = 0, all the solutions for negative rj2 are obtained, is given in Table II.
The integration was carried out by means of a step-by-step method,
 0-6i
-
0-4
uo
- -

02

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1 1
0 0-2 0-4 0-6 0-8 10

F I G . 3. Velocities at the interface. (U2 = 0.)

0-6
.— ..

0-4
•
0-2
-
1 1
0 01 H 06 0-8 10
U,
FIG. 4. Velocities at the interface, (p/j. = 1.)

0-4

—-^
0-3
-

- •

\
0-1
- •

1 \
0 0-2 04 0-6 0-8 10
up
0,
FIG. 5. Skin friction coefficients.
 VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 57
starting at £ = —3, and using five places of decimals, of which four are
retained in the table. The values for £ < — 3 were calculated from the
series (44).
Complete solutions have been obtained, in the case when the lower fluid
is at rest (A = 0), for pft = 5-965 x 104, corresponding to air flowing over
water at a temperature of 10° C , and for pp. = 100, 10, and 1. (The last
solution has evidently been obtained before in the course of the work
described in (1), but numerical details were not given.) For the case

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pfj. = 1, the solution has also been calculated when the lower fluid is in
motion, with A = 0-5. The numerical results are given in Tables III—VII,
and the velocity distributions are shown graphically in Fig. 2.
The principal features of these results are summarized in Table I below,
which gives the values of the velocity ratio u0IUx and the skin friction
coefficient cT0 at the interface for the five cases. « 0 /^i *s plotted against
(pn)~* for A = 0, in Fig. 3, and (M0—?72)/(?71—C/2) is plotted against A, for
PH = 1, in Fig. 4. It is evident that the value of cTo depends only on uo/Ult
whatever the value of A; cTo is therefore plotted against uj^ in Fig. 5.
Values obtained by the approximate methods of 3.2 and 3.3 are also
included in the table for comparison.

REFERENCES
1. MARTIN LESSEN, On the Stability of the Free Laminar Boundary Layer between
Parallel Streams, N.A.C.A. Tech. Note 1929, August 1949 (unpublished).
2. S. GOLDSTEIN, Modern Developments in Fluid Dynamics, vol. i (Oxford, 1938).
58 R. C. LOCK

TABLE I

«o
0
PI u? \ -1 /
Method Method Method Method
o/3-3 a/3-3
A = o, p / i = 5-965x10* O-O2II O-O22O 0-0215 0-3318 0-3309 0-3262

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A = 0, pp. = 100 0-1727 0-I77O 0-1742 o-3 l8 3 03186 0-3071
A = 0, pp. = 10 0-3428 0-3480 03440 0-2815 0-2774 0-2693
A = 0, pp. = 1 0-5873 0-5907 0-5871 0-1996 0-1943 0-1901

A = 0-501, pp. = 1 0-7657 0-7668 0-7661 0-1219 0-1184

A = 0-25, p/i — 1 06678 o-666i 0-1603 0-1587
A = 0-75, p / i = 1 0-8785 0-8784 0-0641 0-0624

TABLE II

The standard solution

g'(0 r<o
—00 —1 0 0
-16 -O-9997 0-0002 o-oooi
— 14 -09991 O-OOO5 O-O&O2
—12 -0-9975 O-OOI2 0-0006
— 10 -O-9933 O-OO34 0-0017
—9 —0-9889 O-OO55 0-0028
-8 —0-9818 O-OO9I 0-0045
—7 — 0-9700 O-OI49 00073
—6 — 09508 O-O243 0-0119
_5-o — 0-9196 0-0394 00189
-4-6 —0-9022 O-O477 0-0227
—4-2 —0-8812 O-O577 0-0271
-3-8 -0-8558 0-0695 00323
-3-4 -0-8253 0-0836 0-0382
-30 -0-7886 O-IOO2 0-0449
-2-6 —0-7447 0-1196 0-0523
— 2-2 —0-6925 O-I42I 0-0604
-1-8 —0-6306 0-1680 0-0690
— 1-4 -0-5576 0-1974 0-0777
— l-O —0-4722 0-2302 0-0862
-0-6 -0-3731 0-2662 0-0938
— 0-2 —0-2589 0-3050 0-0999
+ 0-2 —0-1288 0-3458 0-1039
O-5S37 0 03828 0-1051
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 59

TABLE III

Solution for the case pft = 5-965 X 104, A = 0

Adh)
—oo —02347 0 0

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-6o —0-2344 00000 o-ooooo
-5° -0-2338 o-oooi o-ooooi
-40 —0-2319 0-0003 0-00004
—0-2256 0-0011 O-OOOI 2
-3°
-25 —0-2185 0-0019 O-OOO2I
— 20 —0-2060 0-0033 0-OO036
-18 —0-1987 0-0041 O-OOO44
-16 —0-1896 0-0050 O-OO054
— 14 —0-1784 0-0062 O'OOO64
— 12 —0-1646 0-0076 O-OOO76
—10 —0-1477 0-0093 O'OOO89
Q
—0-1273 0-0II2 O-OOIO3
-6 —0-1027 OOI34 0-OOII5
—4 —0-0736 0-0158 O-OOI26
— 2 —0-0395 0-0184 O-OOI33
0 0 O-O2II O-0OI36

JIM
0 0 O-O2II 0-3318
04 0-0350 °-'537 0-3310
0-8 0-1229 O-2853 0-3261
1-2 0-2628 0-4136 03140
i-6 0-4528 0-5353 0-2925
2-O 0-6896 0-6463 0-2612
2-4 0-9680 O-7431 C-22I4
2-8 1-2817 0-8228 0-1769
3-2 1-6238 0-8846 0-1324
3-6 19871 0-9293 OO923
40 23653 O-9594 O0597
4-4 2-7S31 i 0-9782 0-0358
4-8 3-1468 0-9891 O-OI99
5'2 3-5437 0-9949 O-OIO2
5* 3-9423 0-9978 0-0048
6-o 4-34I7 0-9991 O-OO2I
64 4-74I5 09997 O'OOO8
6-8 5-I4I4 O-9999 0-0003
00 17,-1-6586 1 0
60 R. C. LOCK

TABLE IV

Solution for the case />/* = 100, A = 0

/•Oh)
—oo — 0-6716 0 O
-24-617 — 0-6714 o-oooi o-oooo

Downloaded from http://qjmam.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of South Carolina - Columbia on November 30, 2011
— 21-070 — 0-6710 0-0002 o-oooi
—18-692 — O-670O 0-0006 0-0002
-i5-7t4 — 06671 0-0015 0-0005
— 14-225 — 0-6642 0-0025 0-0008
-12736 — 0-6594 0-0041 0-0014
— 11-247 -0-6515 0-0067 O-0O22
-9-758 — O6386 o-ono 0-0036
— 8-269 — 0-6176 0-0178 0-0057
-7-674 — O-6059 0-0215 0-0069
-7-078 — 0-5918 0-0260 0-0082
—6-482 -0-5748 0-0314 0-0098
-5-887 — O-5543 0-0377 0-0116
— 5-291 —0-5296 0-0452 0-0136
-4-696 — 0-5002 0-0539 0-0159
—4-100 — 0-4651 0-0641 0-0183
—3-5O4 -O-4235 0-0758 0-0209
-2-909 -O-3745 0-0890 0-0235
-2-313 — 0-3172 0-1038 0-0261
— 1-718 —0-2506 O-I2OI 0-0284
— I-I22 -0-1739 0-1376 0-0303
-O-527 — 0-0865 OI56O 0-0315
O 0 O-I727 0-0318

/ifoi) Kind
0 0 0-1727 0-3183
o-395 0-0929 0-2979 o-3'57
0-789 0-2348 0-4208 0-3059
1-184 0-4242 0-5381 0-2870
1-578 0-6581 0-6459 0-2580
1-973 0-9321 0-7405 0-2207
2-367 1-2403 0-8193 0-1782
2-762 I-5763 o-88n 01350
3-I56 1-9333 0-9264 00956
3-S5» 2-3054 O-9574 0-0629
3-945 2-6873 0-9771 0-0385
4-34° 3-0752 0-9887 0-0218
4-734 3-4667 09951 0-0114
5-129 3-8600 O-9974 0-0055
S-523 4-2538 09989 0-0025
5918 4-6480 09996 O-OOIO

6312 5-O424 0-9998 0-0004

6707 5-4369 09999 O-OOOI

7-101 5-83I4 1 0000 O-OOOI
00 17,-1-2699 1 0
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 61

TABLE V

Solution for the case p/i = 10, A = 0

Vt /•<*> /;<*>

—oo — 0-9462 0 0
— 19-608 —0-9461 o-oooi 0-0000

Downloaded from http://qjmam.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of South Carolina - Columbia on November 30, 2011
-17-495 -O-9459 O-OOO2 o-oooi
-i5-38i —O-9454 O-OOO4 0-0002
-13-267 -0-9439 o-oon 0-0005
—11-154 -09399 0-0030 0-0014
—10-097 —O-9357 0-0050 0-0023
—9-040 — 0-9290 0-0081 0-0038
-7-983 -0-9179 00133 0-0062
—6-926 -0-8997 0-0217 o-oioo
-5869 — 0-8701 °°353 0-0160
-5-447 -O-8537 0-0427 0-0192
— 5-024 -0-8338 0-0516 0-0230
— 4601 —0-8098 0-0623 0-0273
-4-178 — 0-7809 00748 0-0324
-3-756 —0-7462 0-0897 0-0380
— 3-333 -0-7047 0-1071 00443
— 2-910 -0-6552 0-1273 0-0512
-2-488 -0-5967 0-1504 0-0584
— 2-065 —0-5276 0-1767 0-0658
—1-642 —0-4468 0-2061 0-0730
—1-219 -0-3530 02383 0-0794
-0797 — 0-2450 0-2730 0-0846
—O-374 —0-1219 0-3096 0-0880
0 0 0-3428 0-0890

£=/!(*) JIM
0 0 0-3428 0-2815
0-423 0-1700 0-4611 0-2767
0-846 0-3893 0-5752 0-2611
1-268 0-6550 06802 0-2340
1-691 0-9625 07717 01974
2-114 1-3051 08463 o-'554
2-536 ••6755 0-9031 0-1135
2-959 2-0662 0-9430 0-0764
3-382 2-4708 0-9688 0-0473
3-8°5 28839 0-9842 0-0269
4-227 33019 0-9926 0-0140
4650 37"5 0-9968 0-0067
5073 41444 09987 0-0029
5'496 45668 0-9995 0-0012
5-918 49894 09999 0-0004
6-341 5-4121 i-oooo o-oooi
6764 58348 I-OOOO o-oooo
00 1^-0-9289 I 0
62 R. C. LOCK
TABLE VI
Solution for the case pfi = 1, A = 0

Vi /:<?•>

—00 — 1-2386 0 0
—14-980 -1-2384 o-oooi o-oooi
->3-365 -1-2381 0-0003 00002
— 11-751 -1-2374 0-0007 0-0004

Downloaded from http://qjmam.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of South Carolina - Columbia on November 30, 2011
— 10-136 -1-2355 0-0019 O-OOI2
—8-521 -1-2302 0-0052 0-0032
— 7-714 — 1-2248 0-0085 O-OO52
— 6-906 —1-2160 0-0139 0-0085
-6099 —1-2014 0-0228 O-OI39
— 5-291 -1-1776 0-0372 O-O225
—4-484 -1-1389 0-0605 O-O359
—4-161 —1-1174 0-0732 0-0431
-3-838 — 1-0914 0-0885 0-0516
-3-5rS —i-o6oo 0-1067 0-0613
-3192 — I-O22I 0-1282 0-0726
— 2-869 -0-9767 0-1537 0-0853
— 2-546 — 0-9224 0-1835 0-0994
— 2-223 -O-8577 0-2180 0-1148
—1-900 — 0-7810 0-2577 O-I3II
-1-577 — 0-6006 0-3028 0-1476
— 1-254 -0-5849 O-3531 01637
— 0-932 — 0-4621 0-4083 0-1782
—0-609 -O-3207 0-4678 0-1898
— 0286 — 0-1596 O-53OS 0-1974
0 O 0-5873 0-1996

Adi) JiiVi)

0 0 0-5873 0-1996
0-360 0-2246 06588 0-1958
0683 0-4474 0-7205 0-1855
1-006 0-6895 O-7779 0-1693
1-329 0-9492 0-8293 0-1483
1-652 1-2244 0-8734 0-1245
!"975 i-5I25 0-9096 0-0998
2-298 i-8m 0-9380 0-0763
2621 2-1176 0-9592 0-0556
2-944 24300 O-9743 00385
3267 2-7464 0-9845 0-0253
359O 3-0655 09911 0-0159
3913 33863 0-9951 C0094
4236 37081 0-9974 00053
4559 4-0304 0-9987 00028
4882 4-3531 O-9994 00014
5205 4-6759 0-9997 00007
5-528 4-9988 09999 0-0003
5-85I 5-32I7 0-9999 o-oooi
6-174 5-6447 1 0000 o-oooi
6497 5-9676 I-OOOO o-oooo
00 i,,—0-5289 I 0
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER 63

TABLE VII

Solution for the case p\i = 1, A = 0-501

£=/;<*)
—oo 0-5014 0

Downloaded from http://qjmam.oxfordjournals.org/ at University of South Carolina - Columbia on November 30, 2011
— 7-602 —4-1839 0-5014 o-oooo
— 7-202 -3-9833 0-5014 o-oooi
—6-8oi -3-7827 0-5014 O-OOOI
— 6-401 -3-5821 0-5015 0-0003
— 6-ooi -3-3814 0-5017 0-0005
— 5-601 -3-1806 0-5020 O-OOII
— 5-201 -2-9797 0-5026 0-0019
—4-801 -2-7784 0-5036 0-0034
—4-401 -2-5766 0-5054 0-0058
—4-001 -2-3738 0-5085 0-0096
—3-601 -21695 0-5133 0-151
—3-201 -1-9627 0-5208 0-0228
— 2-801 — 1-7522 0-5319 0-0331
— 2-401 -I-5365 0-5477 0-0460
— 2-0OO -!-3!33 0-5690 0-0612
—i-6oo —1-0803 0-5968 0-0777
— I-2OO -0-8349 0-6312 0-0942
—o-8oo — 0-5744 0-6718 0-1084
—0-400 —0-2966 0-7174 0-1183
0 0 O-7657 0-1219

AM £=/;<*> J'lM
0 0 0-7657 0-1219
0-400 0-3160 0-8140 0-1182
o-8oo 0-6509 0-8593 0-1073
I-2OO 1-0029 0-8991 0-0910
i-6oo 1-3694 o-93'7 0-718
2-000 1-7473 O-9565 0-5260
2-401 2-1338 09741 0-0356
2-801 25259 0-9855 0-0224
3-201 2-9217 0-9925 0-0130
3-601 3-3I97 09963 0-0069
4-001 3-7i87 0-9983 0-0034
4401 4-1184 0-9993 0-0016
4801 4-5183 0-9997 0-0007
5-201 49183 0-9999 0-0003
5-601 5-3183 i-oooo o-oooi
6-ooi 5-7i84 I-OOOO 00000
00 17,-0-2829 I 0