9 Research 1

Quarter 3 – Module 2
Types and
Methods of
Sampling
Reaearch 1 – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Types and Methods of Sampling
First Edition, 2021

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 9

Research 1
Quarter 3 - Module 2
Types and
Methods of
Sampling
Introductory Message

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, dear learners, can
continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM.
This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you need to
ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the
lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that
you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also provided
to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best
help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of
this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercise and tests. Read
the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks
in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to describe the types and methods of sampling
applied in an experimental design. Various simple activities are provided for you to find
how sampling techniques are done due to limitations of time, money, or personnel which
is impossible to study every item in the population.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 define sampling.
 describe the types and methods of sampling.
 classify the sampling techniques used on the given situations.

What I Know

Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. In a researcher’s study, what is the process of choosing a representative portion of a

population?
A. Interview
B. Sampling
C. Survey
D. Testing
2. It is the totality of all values or measurements of a particular characteristic for a
specified group of objects that are of interest to the researcher.
A. Inhabitants
B. People
C. Population
D. Residents
3. A finite portion of a population that will be used or investigated in the study.
A. Illustration
B. Model
C. Sample
D. Section
4. The type of sampling in which all the members of an entire population have a chance of
being selected.
A. Convenience
B. Non-probability
C. Probability
D. All of the above

5. A process used in selecting a sample from a set of all sampling units or a population.
A. Cluster
B. Simple
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

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6. A type of sampling wherein elements are selected by judgment and do not have an equal
chance of being selected.
A. Convenience
B. Non-probability
C. Probability
D. All of the above

7. It refers to the procedures of obtaining units or members who are most readily available.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

8. It is used when the population is made up of groups of items with different characteristics
into the population that has been subdivided.
A. Convenience
B. Cluster
C. Simple Random
D. Stratified

9. Which is not a type of probability sampling?

A. Cluster
B. Simple Random
C. Snowball
D. Stratified

10. The following are the types of non-probability sampling except:

A. Convenience
B. Quota
C. Simple Random
D. Snowball

11. The results of this sampling are usually biased because they either over-represent or
under-represent the elements of a population.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Purposive
D. Snowball

12. A process of selecting a sample based on the availability of the member and/or
proximity to the researcher.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Purposive
D. Snowball

13. In this type of sampling, samples are chosen based on the goals of the study.
A. Convenience
B. Quota
C. Purposive
D. Snowball

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 14. Assume that in a population of 10,000 people, a statistician selects every 100th person
for sampling. What method of sampling is illustrated in the given example?
A. Cluster
B. Simple Random
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

15. A type of sampling wherein the participants in the study were tasked to recruit other
members for the study.
A. Simple Random
B. Snowball
C. Systematic
D. Stratified

What’s In

In your previous lesson, you have learned that there are certain basic principles to
be followed in research design. Let’s recall some important principles which are always
present in a research design. You are tasked to identify the correct word/s based on the
given description. Choose your answer from the word bank and write it on a separate sheet
of paper.

Local Control Randomization

Replication Control of Extraneous Variables

1. It is done when balancing, grouping and blocking of the experimental unit are employed
in the adopted design.
2. The process of repeating experiment several times to find an estimate of variations
among observations on the group of subjects treated alike.
3. It refers to the assignment of the experimental subjects to the treatments by chance.
4. Extraneous variables are controlled to eliminate their effects on the behavior of the
subjects.
5. It allows the researcher to assess the significance of the observed differences.

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What’s New
You have probably learned the principles to be followed in research design, but do
you know that a research cannot be carried out unless you know how to do sampling, its
types, and methods. To understand more about sampling, arrange the scrambled letters
below to form words associated with sampling.

DESCRIPTION JUMBLED LETTERS

1. The totality of all values (or measurements) of a particular
characteristics for a specified group of objects that are of NOITALUPOP
interest to the researcher.
2. A finite portion of a population that will be used in the study. MASELP
3. A process of choosing a representative portion of a PLASMGNI
population.
4. A type of sampling wherein everyone in the population has
BAPRTYILBIO
an equal chance of getting selected.
5. A type of sampling where everyone has no equal chance
ONN OAPRIYTLBIB
of being selected.

What is It

TYPES AND METHODS OF SAMPLING

Sampling is a process through which a researcher selects a portion or segment

from the population at the center of the researcher’s study. A population is the entirety of
the group including all the members that form a set of data that are of interest to the
researcher. Likewise, sample is a finite portion of a population that will be used or
investigated in the study. It contains a few members of the population. Furthermore, there
are two types of sampling, namely: probability and non-probability sampling. In probability
sampling, every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected. It is also
known as scientific sampling. In non-probability sampling, not every member of the
population has the equal chance of being selected. It can rely on the subjective judgement
of the researcher.

- SAMPLE

POPULATION

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PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Simple Random Sampling

It is a method of selecting sample from a set of sampling units or a population such
that each sampling unit is given a chance of being included or selected in the sample. It can
be obtained by lottery sampling or the fishbowl technique.

POPULATION SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

Stratified Random Sampling

It is used when the population is made up a group of items with different characteristics.
In this type of sampling, the population is first divided into different groups or strata, and then
the sampling follows by choosing samples for each stratum. The possible criteria used to
divide a population into strata are age, gender, and educational qualifications.

POPULATION STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

STRATUM 1 STRATUM 2

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Systematic Sampling
It is a method of selecting every nth element of a population. Example: every fifth,
eighth, ninth, eleventh element until the desired sample size is reached.

POPULATION SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

Every 5th element is selected as

sample starting from number 2.

Cluster Sampling
It is used in large-scale studies and one of the most economical ways of obtaining a
sample for a survey. It consists of selecting clusters of units in a population and then obtaining
a simple random sample on the chosen cluster.

POPULATION CLUSTER SAMPLING

CLUSTER 1

CLUSTER 2

CLUSTER 3

Note that in Cluster 2, another

random sampling will be done in
choosing sample.

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NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

Convenience Sampling
It is also called accidental, incidental, opportunity, or grab sampling. In this sampling,
some researchers resort to obtaining samples that are easily accessible and/or based on the
availability of the member. However, the results are usually biased because they either over-
represent or under-represent the elements of a population.

Purposive Sampling
It involves choosing samples based on the goals or intentions of the study. They may
be chosen based on their knowledge of the study being conducted or if they satisfy the traits
or conditions set by the researcher. It is also called judgmental sampling.

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Quota Sampling
It is somewhat similar to stratified sampling where the population is divided into strata
and the researcher deliberately sets specific proportions in the samples, whether or not the
resulting proportion is reflective of the total population.

Note: The number of samples per stratum will be based on the decision or control of the
researcher.

Snowball Sampling
Participants in the study were tasked to recruit other members for the study. It is used
where potential participants are hard to find. It’s called Snowball Sampling because once you
have the ball rolling, it picks up more “snow” along the way and becomes larger and larger.

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 What’s More

Some enrichment activities are prepared for you to work on to master

the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Independent Activity 1

Directions: Compare probability sampling with non-probability sampling by filling in the table
below based on the given phrases. Using a separate sheet of paper, copy the
table and write your answer.

PROBABILITY SAMPLING NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

o scientific sampling
o adequacy of the sample can’t be known
o creates an accurate sample
o unequal chance of being selected
o simple random, stratified, cluster, and systematic sampling
o snowball, quota, convenience, and purposive sampling
o researcher’s subjective judgement
o researcher’s fair judgement
o non-scientific sampling
o equal chance of being selected

Independent Assessment 1

Directions: Read the paragraph carefully. Choose the correct word inside the parenthesis that
will make the statement correct. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

In probability sampling, all members of the population are given 1. (an equal, unequal)
chance of being selected. This type of sampling is known as 2. (scientific, non-scientific)
sampling. The sample in probability sampling is selected at 3. (random, controlled). Non-
probability sampling selects sample based on the 4. (subjective, fair) judgement.
Convenience, purposive, quota, and snowball sampling are methods of 5. (probability, non-
probability) sampling.

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Independent Activity 2

Directions: Classify the probability sampling techniques used based on the given scenarios.
Pick out and write the keywords/hints used in identifying the sampling techniques.
Use separate sheet of paper for your answer.

1. A teacher puts all her students’ names in a bowl, then selects three (3) names from it. These
students will take a standardized test.
2. The principal of a school randomly selects two teachers from each department to serve for
the incoming election.
3. A group of mayors has a list of 150 barangay captains. They decided to talk to every 10 th
barangay captain on the list about their project.
4. A researcher decided to conduct a survey on vaccination in a nearby school. From there,
the researcher chose a specific grade level and section. The researcher then selects a
sample from the chosen section.

Independent Assessment 2

Directions: Match the statements under Column A to the illustrations under Column B. Write
the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. It is a method of selecting every nth

element of a population.

A.

2. In this type of sampling, the population

is first divided into different groups or
strata, and then the sampling follows
by choosing samples for each stratum.
Entire Population

3. Each sampling unit is given a chance

of being included or selected in the B.
sample. It can be obtained by lottery
sampling or the fishbowl technique.

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4. It is used when the population is made
up of a group of items with different
characteristics. The possible criteria
used to divide a population into strata
C.
are age, gender, and educational
qualifications.
1.

5. It consists of selecting clusters of units

in a population and then obtaining a
simple random sample of this cluster.

D.

Independent Activity 3

Directions: Look for the different methods of non-probability sampling (CONVENIENCE,

PURPOSIVE, QUOTA, SNOWBALL) in the maze. Connect the words using a line.
Copy the maze on a separate sheet of paper before doing the activity.

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Independent Assessment 3

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer based on the given description. Use a
separate sheet of paper for your answer.

A. Convenience B. Purposive C. Quota D. Snowball

1. Participants in the study were tasked to recruit other members for the study.
2.The population is divided into strata and the researcher deliberately sets specific
proportions in the sample.
3. In this sampling, some researchers resort to obtaining samples that are easily accessible.
4. It is also called as accidental, incidental, opportunity or grab sampling.
5. It involves choosing samples based on the goals or intentions of the study.

Good job! You have understood the lesson. Are

you now ready to summarize?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Summarize what you have learned from the lessons and activities by completing
the sentences using the word from the box. Use a separate sheet of paper for your
answers.

Probability Simple random Systematic

Non-probability Stratified Snowball
Population Convenience Purposive
Sample Quota Research
Sampling Cluster Subjective

1.____________ is the totality of the group including all the members that form a set
of data that are of interest to the researcher. 2.____________ is a process through which a
researcher selects a portion or segment from the population at the center of the researcher’s
study. There are two main types of sampling. The first one is 3.____________ sampling,
wherein every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected. It is also
known as 4.___________ sampling. Furthermore, there are methods/techniques under
probability sampling. First, 5._____________ sampling which can be obtained by lottery
sampling or fishbowl technique. Second, 6. _____________ sampling is used when the

12
population is made up of group of items or strata with different characteristics. Third,
7._____________ sampling is a method of selecting every nth element of a population. Lastly
is the 8.____________ sampling which involves of selecting clusters of units in a population
and then obtaining a simple random sample to this cluster. The second type of sampling is
9.______________where every member of the population has no equal chance of being
selected. It relies on the 10.______________ judgement of the researcher. Non-probability
sampling has the following techniques11-14.____________________. Sampling is important
in conducting 15.______________.

What I Can Do

For sure you are now acquainted with the different sampling methods. Draw and
complete the graphic organizer below on a separate sheet of paper.

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 Assessment

Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it
on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Probability sampling is also called ________ sampling, in which all the members of an
entire population have a chance of being selected.
A. Interview
B. Non-scientific
C. Scientific
D. Testing

2. The group of persons or objects that possess some common characteristics that are of
interest to the researcher.
A. Inhabitants
B. People
C. Population
D. Residents

3. Which is not a type of probability sampling?

A. Cluster
B. Simple Random
C. Snowball
D. Stratified

4. A finite portion of a population that will be used or investigated in the study.

A. Illustration
B. Model
C. Sample
D. Section

5. It refers to the procedures of obtaining units or members who are most readily available.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

6. The type of sampling in which all the members of an entire population have a chance of
being selected.
A. Convenience
B. Non-probability
C. Probability
D. All of the above

14
7. A process used in selecting a sample from a set of all sampling units or a population.
A. Cluster
B. Simple
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

8. A type of sampling wherein elements are selected by judgment and do not have an equal
chance of being selected.
A. Convenience
B. Non-probability
C. Probability
D. All of the above

9. A process of selecting a sample based on the availability of the member and/or proximity
to the researcher.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Purposive
D. Systematic

10. It is used when the population is made up of groups of items with different characteristics
into the population that has been subdivided.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Simple Random
D. Stratified

11. The following are the types of non-probability sampling except:

A. Convenience
B. Quota
C. Simple Random
D. Snowball

12. The results of this sampling are usually biased because they either over-represent or
under-represent the elements of a population.
A. Cluster
B. Convenience
C. Quota
D. Purposive

13. In this type of sampling, samples are chosen based on the goals of the study.
A. Convenience
B. Purposive
C. Quota
D. Snowball

15
14. All students of the school are listed in alphabetical order. From the first 10 students, the
researchers randomly select a starting point, which is number 3. Afterward, every 10th
person on the list is selected (3, 13,23,33, and so on) until getting 100 samples of students.
What method of sampling is illustrated in the given example?
A. Cluster
B. Simple
C. Stratified
D. Systematic

15. In snowball sampling, the participants in the study were tasked to recruit other members
for the study.
A. True
B. False
C. Either A or B
D. No correct answer

Additional Activities
Directions: Identify the types of Probability and Non-probability sampling techniques based on
the given hints. Copy the diagram on a separate sheet of paper before doing the
activity.

A.
PROBABILITY

Choosing every Choosing sample Choosing sample Choosing sample

7th sample. from fishbowl. from all strata. from 1 stratum only.

ANSWER: ANSWER: ANSWER: ANSWER:

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B.
NON - PROBABILITY

Choosing sample Choosing sample Choosing sample Choosing sample

based on based on the goal based on specific based on
availability. of the study. proportions. recruitment.

ANSWER: ANSWER: ANSWER: ANSWER:

17
 18
What I Know
Independent Activity 2
(Pre—Test)
1. simple random – bowl
1. B
2. stratified – select two teachers for each
2. C
department
3. C
3. systematic – every 10th
4. C
4. cluster – specific grade level and section
5. C
6. B
7. B Independent Assessment 2
8. D 1. D
9. C 2. B
10. C 3. A
11. B 4. B
12. B 5. C
13. C
14. D Independent Activity 3
15. B
What’s In
1. Local Control
2. Replication
3. Randomization
4. Control of Extraneous Variables
5. Replication
What’s New
1. Population
2. Sample
3. Sampling
4. Probability
5. Non-probability
Independent Activity 1
PROBABILITY SAMPLING NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
o scientific sampling o adequacy of the sample can’t be known
o creates an accurate sample o unequal chance of being selected
o simple random, stratified, cluster, and o snowball, quota, convenience, and
systematic sampling purposive sampling
o researcher’s fair judgement o researcher’s subjective judgement
o equal chance of being selected o non-scientific sampling
Independent Assessment 1
1. an equal
2. scientific
3. random
4. subjective
5. non-probability
Answer Key
 19
Independent Assessment 3
1. D
2. C
3. A
4. A
5. B
What I Have Learned
1. Population
2. Sampling
3. Probability
4. Scientific
5. Simple random
6. Stratified
7. Systematic
8. Cluster
9. Non-probability
10. Subjective
11. -14. Quota, Purposive,
Convenience, Snowball
15. Research
What I Can Do
Answers may be written in any order.
Assessment
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. C
8. B
9. B
10. D
11. C
12. B
13. B
14. D
15. A
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Additional Activities
 References

A. Books

Caintic, Helena E. Ph.D, and Juanita M. Ph.D Cruz. 2008. Scientific Research Manual.
Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

Cristobal Jr., Amadeo Pangilinan Ph.D, and Maura Consolacion Ph.D De La Cruz-Cristobal.
2017. Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Quezon City: C&E Publishing, Inc.

De Guzman, Danilo. 2017. Statistics & Probability. Edited by Guillermo S. Supangan III,
Jaymie M. Guillermo and Gisel Lao Ong. Quezon City: C&E Publishing.

B. Electronic Sources

Laerd Dissertation. 2012. Non-probability Sampling. Accessed January 21, 2021.

https://dissertation.laerd.com/non-probability-sampling.php.

McCombes. 2019. An Introduction to Sampling Methods. September 19. Accessed January

20, 2021. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/sampling-methods/.

Rasinski, Kenneth A. 2005. Surveys. Edited by Kimberly Kempf-Leonard. Encyclopedia of

Social Measurement. Accessed January 19, 2021. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-
369398-5/00032-3.

Thomas, Lauren. 2020. An Introduction to Simple Random Sampling. August 28. Accessed
January 20, 2021. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/.

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write:

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email Address: [email protected]