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Cheatsheet programming 1

The document contains various C programming examples demonstrating type casting, dynamic memory allocation for 2D arrays, function pointers, conditional compilation with preprocessor directives, and argument handling in the main function. It also includes examples of standard input/output functions like printf, scanf, and file operations. Overall, it serves as a tutorial on fundamental C programming concepts and techniques.

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0207hungphan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

Cheatsheet programming 1

The document contains various C programming examples demonstrating type casting, dynamic memory allocation for 2D arrays, function pointers, conditional compilation with preprocessor directives, and argument handling in the main function. It also includes examples of standard input/output functions like printf, scanf, and file operations. Overall, it serves as a tutorial on fundamental C programming concepts and techniques.

Uploaded by

0207hungphan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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float value = variable / 5;

variable is char
so the RHS is casted to char
then the LHS is casted to the RHS
LHS is then char type

float value = (float)variable / 5;


variable is casted to float manually
RHS is float
then LHS is float
float value = (float)(variable / 5);
the (variable/5) is evaluated first
then (variable/5) = 19

then the 19 is casted to float


RHS is float
then LHS is float
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
int rows = 3, cols = 4;

// Step 1: Allocate memory for the


array of row pointers
int** array = (int**)malloc(rows *
sizeof(int*));

// Step 2: Allocate memory for each row


(array of columns)
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
*(array + i) = (int*)malloc(cols *
sizeof(int)); // Dereferencing for row
pointers
}

// Step 3: Initialize the 2D array


using pointers
int value = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
*(*(array + i) + j) = value++;
// Dereferencing to access and assign
values
}
}

// Step 4: Print the 2D array using


pointers
printf("2D Array:\n");
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
printf("%d ", *(*(array + i) +
j)); // Dereferencing to access values
}
printf("\n");
}

// Step 5: Free the allocated memory


for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
free(*(array + i)); //
Dereferencing to free each row
}
free(array); // Free the array of
pointers

return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>

int add(int a, int b) {


return a + b;
}

int multiply(int a, int b) {


return a * b;
}

int main() {
int (*operation)(int, int); // Declare
a function pointer
operation = add; // Assign
the `add` function to the pointer
printf("Sum: %d\n", operation(5, 3));

operation = multiply; // Assign


the `multiply` function to the pointer
printf("Product: %d\n", operation(5,
3));

return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>

// Define a typedef for a function pointer


typedef int (*Operation)(int, int);

// Function definitions
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

int multiply(int a, int b) {


return a * b;
}

int main() {
Operation operation; // Use the typedef
instead of declaring function pointers
explicitly
operation = add;
printf("Sum: %d\n", operation(5, 3));

operation = multiply;
printf("Product: %d\n", operation(5,
3));

return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef DEBUG
#define LOG(x) printf("DEBUG: %s\n", x)
#else
#define LOG(x)
#endif

int main() {
LOG("This is a debug message");
printf("Program is running\n");
return 0;
}

//if you compile using this


gcc -c example.c
gcc example.o -o example
./example

Program is running
//if you compile using this
gcc -DDEBUG -c example.c
gcc example.o -o example
./example

DEBUG: This is a debug message


Program is running

**#if**
#if
#ifdef #ifndef
#if
#if constant_expression
// Code to include if expression
evaluates to true
#else
// Optional: Code to include if
expression evaluates to false
#endif

#include <stdio.h>

#define VERSION 2

int main() {
#if VERSION >= 2
printf("Version 2 or later.\n"); //
This will be included
#else
printf("Older version.\n");
#endif
t 0

Version 2 or later.

**#if**
#if
#include <stdio.h>

#define DEBUG 1
#define FEATURE 0

int main() {
#if DEBUG
printf("Debug mode is ON.\n");
#if FEATURE
printf("Feature is enabled.\n");
#else
i tf("F t i di bl d \ ")

Debug mode is ON.


Feature is disabled.

**#ifdef** **#ifndef**

#ifdef

#ifndef

#if
#if

#include <stdio.h>

// Define platform
#define PLATFORM 1 // 1 = Windows, 2 =
Linux

int main() {
#if PLATFORM == 1
printf("Running on Windows.\n");
#elif PLATFORM == 2
printf("Running on Linux.\n");
# l
**PLATFORM** **1**

Running on Windows.

**#if**
#if

+ - * / %

< <= > >= == !=

&& || !

& | ^ ~ << >>


int main(int argc, char *argv[])

**argc**

argc 1

**argv**

argv[0]

argv[1] argv[argc-1]
#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {


printf("Number of arguments: %d\n",
argc);
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
printf("Argument %d: %s\n", i,
argv[i]);
}
return 0;
}

$ gcc program.c -o program


$ ./program Hello World

Number of arguments: 3
Argument 0: ./program
Argument 1: Hello
Argument 2: World
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // For atoi()

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {


if (argc < 3) {
printf("Usage: %s num1 num2
...\n", argv[0]);
return 1; // Exit with error
}

int sum = 0;

$ gcc program.c -o program


$ ./program 10 20 30

Sum of arguments: 60

printf(const char *format, ...)

printf("Hello, %s! You scored %d%%.\n",


"Alice", 95);
// Output: Hello, Alice! You scored 95%.

scanf(const char *format, ...)


int age;
scanf("%d", &age); // Input: 25
printf("You are %d years old.\n", age);
// Output: You are 25 years old.

fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)

FILE *file = fopen("output.txt", "w");


fprintf(file, "Temperature: %.2f°C\n", 36.6);
fclose(file);

fscanf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...)

FILE *file = fopen("data.txt", "r");


int number;
fscanf(file, "%d", &number);
printf("Number: %d\n", number);
fclose(file);

size_t strlen(const char *str)


char str[] = "Hello";
printf("Length: %lu\n", strlen(str)); //
Output: 5

char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src)

char str1[20] = "Hello, ";


char str2[] = "World!";
strcat(str1, str2);
printf("%s\n", str1); // Output: Hello,
World!

int strcmp(const char *str1, const char *str2)

if (strcmp("abc", "abc") == 0)
printf("Strings are equal.\n");
else
printf("Strings are not equal.\n");

int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, ...)


char buffer[50];
sprintf(buffer, "Pi is approximately %.2f",
3.14159);
printf("%s\n", buffer);

int sscanf(const char *str, const char *format,


...)

char input[] = "42 3.14";


int num;
float pi;
sscanf(input, "%d %f", &num, &pi);
printf("Number: %d, Pi: %.2f\n", num, pi);

%d

%f

%s

%c

%lu

fclose()

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