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Computer Network Types

A computer network is a group of computers

linked to each other that enables the
computer to communicate with another
computer and share their resources, data,
and applications.

A computer network can be categorized by

their size. A computer network is mainly of
four types:

LAN(Local Area Network)

PAN(Personal Area Network)

MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

WAN(Wide Area Network)

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LAN(Local Area Network)

Local Area Network is a group of

computers connected to each other in
a small area such as building, office.

LAN is used for connecting two or

more personal computers through a
communication medium such as
twisted pair, coaxial cable, etc.

It is less costly as it is built with

inexpensive hardware such as hubs,
network adapters, and ethernet cables.

The data is transferred at an extremely

faster rate in Local Area Network.

Local Area Network provides higher

security.

PAN(Personal Area Network)

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Personal Area Network is a network

arranged within an individual person,
typically within a range of 10 meters.

Personal Area Network is used for

connecting the computer devices of
personal use is known as Personal
Area Network.

Thomas Zimmerman was the first

research scientist to bring the idea of
the Personal Area Network.

Personal Area Network covers an area

of 30 feet.

Personal computer devices that are

used to develop the personal area
network are the laptop, mobile phones,
media player and play stations.

There are two types of Personal Area Network:

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Wired Personal Area Network

Wireless Personal Area Network

Wireless Personal Area Network: Wireless

Personal Area Network is developed by
simply using wireless technologies such as
WiFi, Bluetooth. It is a low range network.

Wired Personal Area Network: Wired Personal

Area Network is created by using the USB.

Examples Of Personal Area Network:

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Body Area Network: Body Area Network

is a network that moves with a person.
For example, a mobile network moves
with a person. Suppose a person
establishes a network connection and
then creates a connection with another
device to share the information.

Offline Network: An offline network can

be created inside the home, so it is
also known as a home network. A
home network is designed to integrate
the devices such as printers,
computer, television but they are not
connected to the internet.

Small Home Office: It is used to

connect a variety of devices to the
internet and to a corporate network
using a VPN

MAN(Metropolitan Area
Network)
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A metropolitan area network is a

network that covers a larger
geographic area by interconnecting a
different LAN to form a larger network.

Government agencies use MAN to

connect to the citizens and private
industries.

In MAN, various LANs are connected to

each other through a telephone
exchange line.

The most widely used protocols in MAN

are RS-232, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN,
OC-3, ADSL, etc.

It has a higher range than Local Area

Network(LAN).

Uses Of Metropolitan Area Network:

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MAN is used in communication

between the banks in a city.

It can be used in an Airline

Reservation.

It can be used in a college within a

city.

It can also be used for communication

in the military.

WAN(Wide Area Network)

A Wide Area Network is a network that

extends over a large geographical area
such as states or countries.

A Wide Area Network is quite bigger

network than the LAN.

A Wide Area Network is not limited to

a single location, but it spans over a
large geographical area through a
telephone line, fibre optic cable or
satellite links.

The internet is one of the biggest WAN

in the world.

A Wide Area Network is widely used in

the field of Business, government, and
education.

Examples Of Wide Area Network:

Mobile Broadband: A 4G network is

widely used across a region or country.

Last mile: A telecom company is used

to provide the internet services to the
customers in hundreds of cities by
connecting their home with fiber.

Private network: A bank provides a

private network that connects the 44
offices. This network is made by using
the telephone leased line provided by
the telecom company.

Advantages Of Wide Area Network:

Following are the advantages of the Wide

Area Network:

Geographical area: A Wide Area

Network provides a large geographical
area. Suppose if the branch of our
office is in a different city then we can
connect with them through WAN. The
internet provides a leased line through
which we can connect with another
branch.

Centralized data: In case of WAN

network, data is centralized. Therefore,
we do not need to buy the emails, files
or back up servers.

Get updated files: Software companies

work on the live server. Therefore, the
programmers get the updated files
within seconds.

Exchange messages: In a WAN

network, messages are transmitted
fast. The web application like
Facebook, Whatsapp, Skype allows you
to communicate with friends.

Sharing of software and resources: In

WAN network, we can share the
software and other resources like a
hard drive, RAM.

Global business: We can do the

business over the internet globally.

High bandwidth: If we use the leased

lines for our company then this gives
the high bandwidth. The high
bandwidth increases the data transfer
rate which in turn increases the
productivity of our company.

Disadvantages of Wide Area Network:

The following are the disadvantages of the

Wide Area Network:

Security issue: A WAN network has

more security issues as compared to
LAN and MAN network as all the
technologies are combined together
that creates the security problem.

Needs Firewall & antivirus software: The

data is transferred on the internet
which can be changed or hacked by
the hackers, so the firewall needs to
be used. Some people can inject the
virus in our system so antivirus is
needed to protect from such a virus.

High Setup cost: An installation cost of

the WAN network is high as it involves
the purchasing of routers, switches.

Troubleshooting problems: It covers a

large area so fixing the problem is
difficult.

Internetwork

An internetwork is defined as two or

more computer network LANs or WAN
or computer network segments are
connected using devices, and they are
configured by a local addressing
scheme. This process is known as
internetworking.

An interconnection between public,

private, commercial, industrial, or
government computer networks can
also be defined as internetworking.

An internetworking uses the internet

protocol.

The reference model used for

internetworking is Open System
Interconnection(OSI).

Types Of Internetwork:
1. Extranet: An extranet is a communication
network based on the internet protocol such
as Transmission Control protocol and internet
protocol. It is used for information sharing.
The access to the extranet is restricted to
only those users who have login credentials.
An extranet is the lowest level of
internetworking. It can be categorized as
MAN, WAN or other computer networks. An
extranet cannot have a single LAN, atleast it
must have one connection to the external
network.

2. Intranet: An intranet is a private network

based on the internet protocol such as
Transmission Control protocol and internet
protocol. An intranet belongs to an
organization which is only accessible by the
organization's employee or members. The
main aim of the intranet is to share the
information and resources among the
organization employees. An intranet
provides the facility to work in groups and
for teleconferences.

Intranet advantages:

Communication: It provides a cheap

and easy communication. An employee
of the organization can communicate
with another employee through email,
chat.

Time-saving: Information on the

intranet is shared in real time, so it is
time-saving.

Collaboration: Collaboration is one of

the most important advantage of the
intranet. The information is distributed
among the employees of the
organization and can only be accessed
by the authorized user.

Platform independency: It is a neutral

architecture as the computer can be
connected to another device with
different architecture.

Cost effective: People can see the data

and documents by using the browser
and distributes the duplicate copies
over the intranet. This leads to a
reduction in the cost.

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