Guide To Forms of Separation
Guide To Forms of Separation
FORMS OF
SEPARATION
Acknowledgements
EIEMA would like to thank IEC and BSI for reference to their
standards. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for their
assistance with Section 10.
Section Page
An introduction to EIEMA
Preface 2
1 Introduction 3
2 Useful definitions 3
3 Fundamentals of separation 4
4 Achieving separation 5
6 Form 1 requirements 7
7 Form 2 requirements 8
8 Form 3 requirements 10
9 Form 4 requirements 12
1 Safe working 16
0
1 Decision Tree 18
2
EIEMA switchboard
manufacturers
PREFA
CE I n May 1992 the first EIEMA Guide to the Forms of Separation to BS
5486 Part 1:1990 was published. That guide was accepted by Specifiers and
Industry alike and used almost universally as an industry standard,
providing a more clear understanding of the constructional requirements for
the various means of meeting internal separation for
Low Voltage Switchboard Assemblies.
In 1994, the Standard was amended and re-numbered to align with the
European Norm EN 60439-1. Also at this time an initiative by EIEMA
members contributed to the expansion of the various forms which
subsequently led to the publication of a National Annex to the Standard,
(see amendment 1: March 1995).
This fourth edition of the EIEMA guide reflects these changes and
therefore remains essential reading for both Specifiers and Users. It is
intended as an explanatory document to be used in conjunction with the
Standard. Study of this guide will enable Specifiers and Users to match
their specific requirements to the even wider range of options available
from member companies of the EIEMA Low Voltage Switchboard Technical
Committee. (See inside back cover)
2
B
1
S EN 60439 Part 1, describes a system for classifying the various forms
INTRODUCTIO of separation to be provided principally for:
N • protection against contact with live parts belonging to the adjacent functional
units.
• protection against the passage of solid foreign bodies from one unit of an
Assembly to an adjacent unit.
Even though the Standard has now been revised with a UK National
Annex to provide a wider scope of forms, it still does not give detailed
advice on how to achieve these aims.
Manufacturers of switchboard assemblies employ many variations of
design to meet this protection and any other additional market
requirements.
The means utilised to achieve these conditions may be partitions or
barriers of metallic or non-metallic material. The partitions or barriers may
provide individual separate compartments or alternatively, barriered sub-
sections.
Greater clarification has been included within this guide by providing
some basic definitions of the terms used and explaining some of the various
methods employed by manufacturers to meet the required degree of
separation.
In general, the cost of an Assembly increases with enhanced levels of
separation, but choosing the most expensive arrangement will not
necessarily lead to the most appropriate solution.
2
USEFUL
T
he Standard includes definitions relating to Assemblies. Those
particularly relevant to the separation of Assemblies include the
DEFINITIO following. The same clause
NS numbering has been used to aid cross reference to the Standard.
3
referred to as ‘fault free
zones’).
4
2.2.1 Section: “A constructional unit of an assembly between two
successive vertical delineations”. Usually considered to be a single full
height column containing one or more functional units. Generally several
columns are required to complete an Assembly.
5
2. “Limitation of the probability of initiating arcing faults”
Note: A second amendment to IEC 439-1 is presently being considered. This effectively
removes this requirement from the Standard, since no common repeatable method of testing
could be arrived at internationally.
SEPARATIO
N
T
he fundamental requirements in the Standard are performance
criteria and not constructional details on how separation should be
achieved. There is a requirement that Assemblies are divided by means of
partitions or barriers (metallic or non-metallic) into separate compartments
or barriered sub-sections, but not for example:
6
5
I
n general, the price of an Assembly will increase with increased levels
SELECTIN of separation and / or types of construction. Choosing the arrangement
with the most
G A FORM internal barriers will not always lead to the most appropriate solution.
OF Where specific requirements are not stated or identified, the
SEPARATIO manufacturer is likely to assume the most cost effective solution will
Key throughout
Busba Termin
rs al
Insulated
busbars Terminals
separated by
insulated
coverings or PVC
Conductors connecting
busbars to the outgoing
circuits
Terminals
separated by rigid
Short-circuit protective barriers
devices
Terminals
with
Denotes
individual
separation
rigid
7
6
FORM
F
orm 1 covers overall Assemblies which are enclosed so as to provide
1 protection against contact with any internal live parts or
components, but where no
REQUIREMEN internal separation is provided for functional units or terminations.
TS For Form 1;
iii Functional units are not separated from any incoming or outgoing
outgoing terminations.
FORM 1
8
7
FORM
F
orm 2 defines overall Assemblies which are enclosed to provide
2 protection against contact with any internal live parts or
components, and where there is
REQUIREMEN internal separation of the busbars from functional units.
TS The following general conditions
apply;
8
FORM 2 Type 1 (Form 2b Type 1)
Insulati
on
9
8
FORM
F
orm 3 defines overall Assemblies which are enclosed to provide
3 protection against contact with internal live parts and components,
and in which there is internal separation of the busbars from
REQUIREMEN functional units and separation of all
TS functional units from each other.
FORM 3a
Basic form as above. Terminals are not separated from the busbars or each
other.
The actual means of separation is not defined in the Standard.
1
0
FORM 3b Type 1
As basic Form 3. Busbar separation is achieved by insulated coverings,
e.g. PVC sleeving, wrapping or coating. Terminals are therefore separated
from the busbars, but not from each other.
Insulati
on
FORM 3b Type 2
As basic Form 3. Busbar separation is achieved by metallic or non-
metallic rigid barriers or partitions. Terminals are therefore separated from
the busbars, but not from each other.
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable cables
cables
1
1
FORM
F
9
orm 4 covers overall Assemblies which are so enclosed as to
4 provide protection against contact with internal live parts and
components, and in which there is internal separation of the busbar
REQUIREMEN system from functional units, and separation of all functional units
TS from each other. Incoming and outgoing terminals are also required
to be separated from the busbars and from each other.
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable cables
cables
1
2
FORM 4 Type 2 (Form 4a Type 2)
As basic Form 4. Busbar separation is achieved by metallic or non-
metallic rigid barriers or partitions. Cables are terminated within the same
compartment as the functional unit. Cables may be glanded elsewhere, e.g.
in a common cabling chamber.
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable cables
cables
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable cables
cables
1
3
FORM 4 Type 4 (Form 4b Type 4)
As basic Form 4. Busbar separation is achieved by insulated coverings,
e.g. PVC sleeving, wrapping or coating. Terminals are external to the
functional unit and separated by insulated coverings, e.g. PVC boots. Cables
may be glanded elsewhere, e.g. in a common cabling chamber.
Note: Where connections between the cable terminals and the functional unit pass
through the same general compartment as the busbars, busbar separation may be
Insulati
on
Compartm
ent for
future use
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable by insulated covering cables
achieved cablesof these connections only.
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable cables
cables
1
4
FORM 4 Type 6 (Form 4b Type 6)
As main criteria for Form 4. All separation is achieved by metallic or
non-metallic rigid barriers or partitions. Terminals are external to the
functional unit compartment and enclosed in their own compartment by
means of rigid barriers or partitions. Cables may be glanded elsewhere,
e.g. in a common cabling chamber.
Compartm
ent for
future use
Incomi Outgoi
ng Outgoing ng
cable cables cables
Compartm
ent for
future use
Incomi Outgoi
ng ng
Outgoing
cable cables
cables
1
5
10
W
orking safely in part of an Assembly with adjacent sections live is
SAFE a sensitive issue but cannot be ignored when considering forms of
separation.
WORKIN
G First and foremost within the UK, the requirements of The Electricity At
Work Regulations 1989, must be complied with. Regulation 14 is
particularly pertinent and requires that:
WIT
H “No person shall be engaged in any work activity on or so near
any live conductor (other than one suitably covered with insulating
ADJACENT material so as to prevent danger) that danger may arise unless:
Note: For further reference see HSE publication Electricity at Work - Safe working practices
HS(G)85.
1
6
11
ACCESS FOR
G
enerally for front access Assemblies cable compartments are
provided alongside the associated functional units. For rear access
CABLING Assemblies cabling
facilities are provided at the rear of the Assembly where working space is
required..
In both cases, operation and access to the functional units are normally
from the front.
1
7
Fundamen
tal
requireme
nts
Additional
The integrity
Assembly can beistotally
required by
isolated
separationfor
elsewhere of Functional units
all activities from access
involving
theany
of Busbars
kind
12
DECISION TREE Form Form 2
The most
1
appropriate solution Busbars and cable
for each requirement terminals in the same
compartment
should be
established NO YES
considering all
aspects of the For 2a
particular m
application as
indicated earlier.
YES
Form 2 Type 2
1
8
Form 3 Form 4 Form 4 (Form 4b)
(Form 4a)
YES
Form 4b Type 7
1
9
13
TYPICAL QUOTATION QUESTIONS
Full name & address Your ref:
Internal separation:
External Finish:
(BS EN 60439-1 + Amendment 1)
Manufacturers Standard Colour:
FORM 1 2 3 4
Special (BS Colour Ref):
Indicate type required:
Fuses Fitted: Yes No
Prospective fault current: (lp) (1) kA
Spare fuses (indicate quantity):
Busbar/Panel Fault level: kA Secs % Earthing: Full length Earth
or limiting Device (specify): Bar:
Neutral Busbar: Half Full Earth bar extended adjacent to gland points
IP
Additional requirements: (3)
e.g: Metering, Functional or System
Interlocking, Control or protective relays etc.
Physical layout: (2), 3
Notes: 1/ Important especially where breakers are specified 2/ Please state all cable sizes and directions where known 3/ If
insufficient space give details on a separate sheet.
2
0
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No4 - June 2001
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