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M1 PropertiesofSteel

The document provides an overview of the properties of steel, including its definition, types based on carbon content, and specific ASTM designations. It discusses material properties of ASTM A36 steel, stress-strain diagrams, and the differences between Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD). Additionally, it includes calculations for required strengths and a self-learning assessment section with problem sets.

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14 views6 pages

M1 PropertiesofSteel

The document provides an overview of the properties of steel, including its definition, types based on carbon content, and specific ASTM designations. It discusses material properties of ASTM A36 steel, stress-strain diagrams, and the differences between Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Strength Design (ASD). Additionally, it includes calculations for required strengths and a self-learning assessment section with problem sets.

Uploaded by

x.01110100.x
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Title : Properties of Steel

Intended Learning Outcomes :


At the end of this lesson, you should be able to :
1. Define steel
2. Enumerate the diferent steel types
3. Identify the various ASTM steel type per steel section provided.
4. Identify the diferent stress points in a mild steel stress-strain diagram
5. Calculate the design strength based using the LRFD
6. Calculate the design strength based using the ASD

Discussions :
What is steel?
Steel is an alloy of iron, carbon, and other metals (manganese, nickel, chromium,
molybdenum, boron, titanium,vanadium, tungsten, cobalt, and niobium). Carbon is added to reduce
ductility and increase hardness. Stainless Steel 11.5 wt% Chromium.

What are the types of steel based from Carbon content?


Steel types can be grouped according to the following:
1. Plain Carbon Steel (<1% carbon)
2. Low-Alloy Steel (<5% carbon)
3. High-Alloy Steel or Specialty Steel (chromium is added for corrosion resistance)
source: Structural Steel Design fourth edition, William T. Segui

What are material Properties of ASTM A36 Steel?

ASTM A36 Material Properties


Material Density Ultimate Ultimate Yield Yield Modulus Modulus Coefficient Ductility
(kg/m3) Strength Strength Strength Strength of of of thermal Percent
Tension Shear Tension Shear Elastcity Rigidity Expansion Elogation
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) 10-6/ oC in 50 mm
Structural ASTM-A36 7860 400 250 145 200000 77200 11.7 21
High-Strength Low Alloy
ASTM-A709 Grade 345 7860 450 345 200000 77200 11.7 21
ASTM-A913 Grade 450 7860 550 450 200000 77200 11.7 17
ASTM-A992 Grade 345 7860 450 345 200000 77200 11.7 21
source : Mechanics of Materials Fourth Edition in SI Units, Beer et. Al, pp.746
What are the percent composition of elements typically found in an ASTM A36 steel?

ASTMA36/A36M-08 Steel Chemical Composition


Element Maximum Percentage
Carbon 0.29
Manganese 0.9
Phosphorous 0.04
Sulphur 0.05
Silicon 0.35
Remaining is iron (Fe) percentage and with few negligible impurities.
source :

What are the ASTM Designations approved for use under the NSCP 2015 section 501?
Structural steel material is approved for use for the following :

1. Hot-rolled structural shapes (I, W, WT, S, H, C, Angles shapes, others)


ASTM A36/A36M
ASTM A529/A529M
ASTM A572/A572M
ASTM A588/A588M
ASTM A709/A709M
ASTM A913/A913M
ASTM A992/A992M

2. Structural Tubing
ASTM A500
ASTM-A501
ASTM-A618
ASTM-A847

3. Pipe
ASTM A53/A53M, Gr. B

4. Plates
ASTM A36/A36M
ASTM A242/A242M
ASTM A283/A283M
ASTM A514/A514M
ASTM A529/A529M
ASTM A572/A572M
ASTM A588/A588M
ASTM A709/A709M
ASTM A852/A852M
ASTM A1011/A1011M
5. Bars
ASTM A36/A36M
ASTM A529/A529M
ASTM A572/A572M
ASTM A709/A709M

6. Sheets
ASTM A606
ASTM A1011/A1011M
HSLAS (High Strength Low-Alloy Steel)
HSLAS-F

What is the typical the Stress – Strain diagram for Mild Steel?
What are examples of hot-rolled steel shapes?

Differentiate ASD from LRFD with respect to NSCP 2015.

502.3.3 Design for Strength using Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

Ru ≤ ΦRn (502.3-1)

where : Ru = required strength


Rn = nominal strength
Φ = resistance factor
ΦRn = design strength

502.3.4 Design for Strength using Allowable Strength Design (ASD)

Rn
Ra ≤
Ω
(502.3-1)

where : Ra = required strength (ASD)


Rn = nominal strength
Ω = safety factor
ΩRn = design strength

How do we calcute the factored load given the live load and dead load?
203.3 Load Combinations using Strength Design and Load and Resistance Factor Design

1.4(D+F) (203-1)
1.2(D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R) (203-2)
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W) (203-3)
1.2D + 1.0W +f1L +0.5(Lr or R) (203-4)
1.2D + 1.0E +f1L (203-5)
0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H (203-6)
0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H (203-7)

f1 = 1.0 for floors in places of public assembly, for Live loads in excess of 4.8 Kpa
f1 = 0.5 for other live loads
203. 4. Load Combinations using Allowable Stress and Strength Design

D+F (203-8)
D+H+F+L+T (203-9)
D+H+F+(Lr or R) (203-10)
D+H+F+0.75[L+T+(Lr or R)] (203-11)
D+H+F+(0.6W or E/1.4) (203-12)

Example 1.1.
Given : Tension Member in a Truss.
Dead Load : 125 KN
Live Load : 34 KN
Roof Live Load : 22 KN
Wind Load : 27 KN

Required : a. What is the required strength Ru for LRFD?


b. If resistance factor Ø is equal to 0.90, what is the required nominal strength?
c. What is the required strength Ra for ASD?
d. If the safety factor Ω is equal to 1.6, what is the required nominal strength?

Solution:
a. Ru1 = 1.4(D+F) = 1.4(125) = 175 KN
Ru2 = 1.2(D+F+T) + 1.6(L+H) + 0.5(Lr or R) = 1.2(125) + 1.6(34) + 0.5(22) = 215.4 KN
Ru3a = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W) = 1.2(125) + 1.6(22) + 0.5(34) = 202.2 KN
Ru3b = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W) = 1.2(125) + 1.6(22) + 0.5(27) = 198.7 KN
Ru4 = 1.2D + 1.0W +f1L +0.5(Lr or R) = 1.2(125) + 1.0(27) + 0.5(34) + 0.5(22) = 205 KN
Ru5 = 1.2D + 1.0E +f1L = 1.2(125) + 0 + 0.5(34) = 167 KN
Ru6 = 0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H = 0.9(125) + 1.0(27) + 0 = 139.5 KN
Ru7 = 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H = 0.9(125) + 0 + 0 =112.5 KN
Answer : The required strength Ru is 215.4 KN.

b. Ru ≤ ØRn
215.4 ≤ 0.9(Rn)
Rn ≥ 239.34 KN
Answer : The required nominal strength Rn is 239.34 KN.

c. Ra1 = D+F = 125 KN


Ra2 = D+H+F+L+T = 125 + 0 + 34 = 159 KN
Ra3 = D+H+F+(Lr or R) = 125 + 0 + 22 = 147 KN
Ra4 = D+H+F+0.75[L+T+(Lr or R)] = 125 + 0 + 0.75[34+22] = 167 KN
Ra5 = D+H+F+(0.6W or E/1.4) = 125 + 0 + 0.6(27) = 141.2 KN
Answer : The required strength Ra is 167 KN.

d. Ra ≤ Rn/Ω
167 ≤ Rn/(1.6)
Rn ≥ 167(1.6)KN
Answer. : The required nominal strength Rn is 267.2 KN.
Self Learning Assessment (Problem Set)
1. What is the unit weight of steel, in KN/m3?

2. What is the difference between elastic Limit and proportion limit in the stress-strain diagram?

3. Download the "AISC Shapes Database" and write the following properties of WT 230x88.5 :
A, Sxx, Ixx, Iyy, W, and J. Indicate the version you have used. Use S.I. units

4. Given : Tension Member in a Truss.


Dead Load : 133KN
Live Load : 39 KN
Roof Live Load : 28 KN
Wind Load : 28 KN
Determine the ff:
a. Required Strength, Ru , use LRFD
b. Required Nominal Strength Rn, use ASD

5. What are the advantage(s) of using LRFD against ASD in steel design? Discuss and cite your
source(s).

References :
1. ASEP, Inc. (2015), National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015
2. Segui, W.T. (2007), Structural Steel Design fourth edition, Nelson Thompson Canada Ltd.
3. American Institute of Steel Construction (2019), COMPANION TO THE AISC STEEL
CONSTRUCTION MANUAL Volume 1: Design Examples Version 15.1, AISC USA

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