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Intro to Machine Learning 1

Machine Learning is defined as the ability of computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed, encompassing three main types: Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning. Supervised Learning uses labeled datasets for classification and prediction, while Unsupervised Learning analyzes unlabeled data to discover patterns. Reinforcement Learning focuses on learning through trial and error to maximize rewards in various applications.

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6 views

Intro to Machine Learning 1

Machine Learning is defined as the ability of computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed, encompassing three main types: Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, and Reinforcement Learning. Supervised Learning uses labeled datasets for classification and prediction, while Unsupervised Learning analyzes unlabeled data to discover patterns. Reinforcement Learning focuses on learning through trial and error to maximize rewards in various applications.

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jeslyndanielleboroc.ella
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO

MACHINE LEARNING

Aris J. Ordoñez, DIT


General Concepts
• What is Machine Learning?
– “the study that gives computers the ability to learn without being
explicitly programmed.” - Arthur Samuel, 1959
– a machine has to be intelligent and responsive in a manner that
cannot be differentiated from that of a human being – Alan Turing,
1950
– “A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect
to some class of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance
at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E.” - Tom M.
Mitchell, 1997
“Ability to learn without being
explicitly programmed….”
• Rule-based programming
– Guided by Data and Rules
• Object-oriented Programming
– Objects, Events, Triggers, Methods,
Properties
• Machine Learning
– Artificial Intelligence, uses historical data
“cannot be differentiated from that
of a human being….”
• Human decides based on reason not
logic
• Not perfect, commits mistake
• Learns from experience through the use
of data
“In a more technical manner..”
• A computer program is said to learn
from experience E with respect to some
class of tasks T and performance
measure P, if its performance at tasks in
T, as measured by P, improves with
experience E
• T - Task
• P – Performance
• E - Experience
Machine Learning
Categories
• Supervised Learning
– defined by its use of labeled datasets to train algorithms that to classify data or predict
outcomes accurately. As input data is fed into the model, it adjusts its weights until the
model has been fitted appropriately, which occurs as part of the cross validation process.

• Unsupervised Learning
– unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data. From that data, it discovers patterns that
help solve for clustering or association problems.

• Reinforcement Learning
– unsupervised learning uses unlabeled data. From that data, it discovers patterns that
help solve for clustering or association problems.
Supervised Learning
• also known as supervised machine learning, is a
subcategory of machine learning and artificial intelligence.
It is defined by its use of labeled datasets to train
algorithms to classify data or predict outcomes accurately.
As input data is fed into the model, it adjusts its weights
until the model has been fitted appropriately, which occurs
as part of the cross validation process
• In supervised learning, the machine experiences the
examples along with the labels or targets for each
example. The labels in the data help the algorithm to
correlate the features.
• Two of the most common supervised machine learning
tasks are classification and regression.
Unsupervised Learning
• also known as unsupervised machine learning, uses
machine learning algorithms to analyze and cluster
unlabeled datasets. These algorithms discover hidden
patterns or data groupings without the need for human
intervention. Its ability to discover similarities and
differences in information make it the ideal solution for
exploratory data analysis, cross-selling strategies, customer
segmentation, and image recognition
• When we have unclassified and unlabeled data, the system
attempts to uncover patterns from the data . There is no
label or target given for the examples. One common task is
to group similar examples together called clustering.
Reinforcement Learning
• Reinforcement machine learning is a behavioral machine learning
model that is similar to supervised learning, but the algorithm
isn’t trained using sample data. This model learns as it goes by
using trial and error. A sequence of successful outcomes will be
reinforced to develop the best recommendation or policy for a
given problem.
• Reinforcement learning is an area of Machine Learning which is
about taking suitable action to maximize reward in a particular
situation. Reinforcement learning differs from supervised learning
in a way that in supervised learning the training data has the
answer key with it so the model is trained with the correct
answer itself whereas in reinforcement learning, there is no
answer but the reinforcement agent decides what to do to
perform the given task.
• In the absence of a training dataset, it is bound to learn from its
experience.
Supervised Machine
Learning
• Supervised Learning Techniques
– Linear Regression
– Logistic Regression

• SL Implementations
– Image & Object Recognition, Predictive Analytics, Sentiment Analysis, Spam Detection.

• SL Challenges
– require certain levels of expertise
– very time intensive
– cannot cluster or classify data on its own
Unsupervised Machine
Learning
• Unsupervised Learning Approaches
– Clustering
– Association

• UL Applications
– News Section, Medical Imaging, Anomaly Detection, Customer Personas,
Recommendation Engine.

• UL Challenges
– Computational complexity , Longer training times, Higher risk of inaccurate results
– Human intervention to validate output variables
– Lack of transparency into the basis on which data was clustered
Reinforcement
Learning
• Types of Reinforcement Learning
– Positive Reinforcement
– Negative Reinforcement
• RL Applications
– RL can be used in robotics for industrial automation.
– RL can be used in machine learning and data processing
– RL can be used to create training systems that provide custom instruction and materials according to
the requirement of students.
• Uses of RL
– A model of the environment is known, but an analytic solution is not available;
– Only a simulation model of the environment is given
– The only way to collect information about the environment is to interact with it
CONCLUSION
• Machine Learning is the machine’s ability to learn without being explicitly
programmed.
• Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning are
the three types of Machine Learning
• Linear and Logistic Regressions are the most common techniques for SL
• Clustering and Association are the most common approaches of UL
• Positive Reinforcement and Negative Reinforcement are the two types of
learning under RL

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