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IntroToAi NOTES

The document provides an introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI), detailing its definition, history, types, and applications across various industries. It explains the relationship between AI and Machine Learning (ML), the significance of data, and the various learning methods within ML, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Additionally, it discusses the impact of AI on the job market and includes an educational activity aimed at enhancing students' understanding of AI concepts.

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Neha Makhija
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18 views2 pages

IntroToAi NOTES

The document provides an introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI), detailing its definition, history, types, and applications across various industries. It explains the relationship between AI and Machine Learning (ML), the significance of data, and the various learning methods within ML, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning. Additionally, it discusses the impact of AI on the job market and includes an educational activity aimed at enhancing students' understanding of AI concepts.

Uploaded by

Neha Makhija
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence – Class 11 Notes

Overview:
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines capable of simulating
human-like behavior and decision-making. It encompasses a wide range of techniques and applications, from natural
language processing and computer vision to robotics and machine learning.

Key Concepts:
1. Definition of AI: AI refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require
human intelligence, such as understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, and making decisions.
2. History of AI: The concept of AI dates back to antiquity, but significant advancements were made in the mid-20th
century with the development of electronic computers. Pioneers like Alan Turing and John McCarthy laid the
groundwork for modern AI.
3. Types of AI: AI can be categorized into two main types: narrow AI and general AI. Narrow AI, also known as weak
AI, is designed to perform specific tasks, such as playing chess or driving a car. General AI, or strong AI, is
hypothetical and refers to AI systems that have the ability to understand, learn, and apply knowledge across a
wide range of domains, similar to human intelligence.
4. Applications of AI: AI has diverse applications across various industries, including healthcare, finance,
transportation, and entertainment. Examples include virtual personal assistants like Siri and Alexa, self-driving
cars, predictive analytics in healthcare, and recommendation systems in e-commerce.
Discussion Points:
 What are some examples of AI technology that you encounter in your daily life?
 How do you think AI will impact the future of work and society?
 What ethical considerations should be taken into account when developing AI systems?

3.2. How is Machine Learning related to AI?


 There's often confusion between Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), but ML is actually a subset
of AI. ML is a tool used to achieve AI.
 AI aims to create intelligent machines capable of human-like tasks such as speech recognition, image processing,
and problem-solving.
 ML enables machines to learn, predict, and improve without explicit programming. It's focused on learning from
data.

4. Data

Modern scholars refer to data as "the new oil" due to its immense value. But what exactly is data?
Data represents facts or information about entities, such as students, businesses, or animals, that can be processed by
humans or machines.
Data can include numbers, words, images, audio, or descriptions and is often categorized as structured or unstructured.
Structured data fits well into databases or spreadsheets, has predefined formats, and is highly organized. Unstructured
data lacks a predefined model and includes qualitative information like text, images, or social media activity.

5.1. Machine Learning


Machine Learning is the science of getting computers to act without explicit programming. It allows computers to learn
and improve from experience.
ML is crucial for AI, as it enables systems to learn and adapt based on data rather than being explicitly programmed.

5.2. Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning


 Supervised Learning : Supervised learning uses labeled data to train models, where the machine learns from
examples with known outcomes.
 Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning involves unlabeled data, and the machine discovers patterns and
structures on its own.
5.2.3. Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning is about training agents to take actions in an environment to maximize rewards.

5.3 Deep Learning and Neural Networks : Deep Learning draws inspiration from the structure and function of the human
brain's neurons. To grasp Deep Learning, it's essential to understand neurons and neural networks.

5.3.1 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) : Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are composed of layers of software units known
as neurons, connected in a layered manner. These networks process data from one neuron to another until they can
classify it as an output. ANNs are a technique to build computer programs that learn from data.

 Input Node: Initial data from the real world enters the neural network here, which then passes it to the hidden
node for computation.
 Hidden Node: This layer processes the information received from the input node. Multiple hidden layers can exist.
 Output Node: This layer concludes the computations and transfers data back to the real-world environment.
Example:
In the context of selecting students for a sports team, a jury of teachers evaluates candidates based on various criteria
like marks, gender, age, and emotional stability. They assign weights to each criterion, aiming to predict whether a
student will be selected. Through iterative adjustments based on past decisions, the jury fine-tunes their scoring to
improve accuracy, resembling the learning process of ANNs.

5.3.2 Deep Learning


Deep Learning, a subset of machine learning, relies heavily on artificial neural networks. It mimics the human brain's
structure and function, eliminating the need for explicit programming. Deep Learning operates on vast datasets and
requires high-end computational resources. Unlike traditional machine learning, it solves problems end-to-end, reducing
the need for task decomposition.

Examples of Deep Learning Applications:


 Automated Driving: Detecting objects like stop lights and pedestrians to enhance road safety.
 Aerospace and Defence: Identifying objects from satellites for military purposes.
 Medical Research: Automatically detecting cancer cells to aid diagnosis.
 Industrial Automation: Improving worker safety by detecting proximity to machinery.

6. What machine learning can and cannot do?

Machine Learning and AI are tools that augment human capabilities rather than replacing them entirely. They excel at
solving complex problems, but understanding their limitations is crucial. While they can perform tasks like predictions and
pattern recognition efficiently, they struggle with social context, ambiguity, variability, and ethical dilemmas.

7. Jobs in AI
AI and ML are transforming the job market, creating new opportunities while rendering some roles obsolete. Basic tech-
related skills are becoming essential, and understanding AI can provide a significant career advantage. Jobs in creativity,
management, and technology are expected to grow, while new roles like Chief Bias Officer and AI Business Development
Manager may emerge by 2030.

Activity: AI BINGO
An educational game designed to familiarize students with AI mechanics and applications, fostering reasoning skills and
awareness of AI systems in everyday life. Players fill in bingo cards based on provided datasets, predictions, and tasks.
This activity encourages engagement and critical thinking, enhancing students' understanding of AI concepts and its real-
world implications.

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