)‫الـشـارقـة (فرع البنين‬، ‫مدرسـتنـا الثـانـويـة اإلنـجليـزية‬

OUR OWN ENGLISH HIGH SCHOOL,

SHARJAH (BOYS’ BRANCH)
GRADE 10 – CHEMISTRY QUESTION BANK
CHAPTER 4 – CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
SECTION A
1) 2 ml of acetic acid is taken in a test tube. On adding a pinch of “X” effervescence of a gas “Y” is
produced which turns lime water milky. Name “X” and “Y”.
a) Salt and CO2 gas respectively
b) Salt and hydrogen gas respectively.
c) Sodium bicarbonate and CO2 respectively.
d) Sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen gas respectively.
2) Which of the following belongs to a homologous series of alkynes?
a) C6H6
b) C2H6
c) C2H4
d) C3H4
3) A hydrocarbon should have a minimum of ______ carbon atoms to show isomerism.
a) Three
b) Four
c) Fived
d) Six
4) The following image represents a carbon compound.

Which functional group is present in the compound?

a) Alcohol
b) Aldehyde
c) Carboxylic acid
d) Ketone
5) The image represents the structure of a few hydrocarbon compounds.
Which of these compounds can be classified as alkynes?
a) Only (A)
b) Only (B)
c) Both (A) and (D)
d) Both (B) and (C)
The following question consists of two statements - Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Select the
appropriate option given below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of the assertion.
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
6) Assertion: Most of the carbon compounds are good conductors of electricity.
Reason: They do not dissociate to form ions and remain as molecules.
Ans) A is false but R is true.

7) Assertion: C3H8 and C4H10 are the successive members of homologous series of methane.
Reason: Any two successive members in a homologous series differ in their molecular formula by a
-CH3 unit.
Ans) A is true but R is false.

SECTION B
8) a) Write the name and formula of the 2nd member of the homologous series having the general
formula CnH2n.
Ans) Ethene and C2H4
b) Compare the structures of benzene and cyclohexane by drawing them.

Cyclohexane – C6H12
9) a) What are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we
see around us?
Ans) Catenation and tetravalency

b) Butter does not decolourise bromine water, whereas cooking oil does. Comment.
Ans) Butter does not decolourise bromine water because it is a saturated hydrocarbon and
does not undergo addition reaction but cooking oil is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and it will
undergo addition reaction and it decolourise bromine water.

10) In three test tubes A,B, and C, three different liquids namely, distilled water, underground water and
distilled water in which a pinch of calcium sulphate is dissolved, respectively are taken. Equal
amount of soap solution is added to each test tube and the contents are shaken. In which test tube
will the length of the foam(lather) be longest? Justify your answer.

Ans) In test tube A the foam/lather will be longest because test tube B and Test tube C has
hard water salts and they will displace the sodium or potassium head of soap with Ca or Mg ions,
so we get an insoluble precipitate known as scum.

11) Two carbon compounds ‘X’ and ‘Y’ have the molecular formula C3H6 and C4H10 respectively.
Which one of the two is most likely to show addition reaction? Justify your answer. Also, give a
chemical equation to explain the process of addition in this case.

Ans) C3H6 (Propene) will undergo addition reaction to form propane because it is an unsaturated
hydrocarbon and C4H10 will not undergo addition reaction because it is a saturated hydrocarbon.

C3H6 + H2 → C3H8
12) a) Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble gas configuration by either gaining or losing
electrons from their outermost shells. Give reason to explain why carbon cannot attain noble gas
configuration in this manner to form its compounds.
Ans) (i) It could gain four electrons forming C4– anion. But it would be difficult for the nucleus
with six protons to hold on to ten electrons, that is, four extra electrons.

(ii) It could lose four electrons forming C4+ cation. But it would require a large amount of energy
to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation with six protons in its nucleus holding on
to just two electrons.
b) Carbon tetrachloride is a poor conductor of electricity. Justify.
Ans) Carbon compounds are poor conductors of electricity because they form covalent bonds and
do not form ions
SECTION C
13) Aman by mistake forgot to label the two test tubes containing Ethanol and Ethanoic acid. Suggest a
experiment to identify the substances correctly? Illustrate the reactions with the help of chemical
equations.
Ans) Add baking soda to Ethanol and Ethanoic acid.

14) What happens when 5% alkaline KMnO4 solution is added drop by drop to warm ethanol taken in a
test tube?
(i) State the role of alkaline KMnO4 solution in this reaction.
Ans) Alkaline KMnO4 act as an oxidizing agent and it oxidises ethanol to ethanoic acid.

(ii) Write chemical equation of this reaction.

(iii) Why the colour of potassium permanganate decolourises?

Ans) The colour of potassium permanganate decolourises because it act as an oxidizing agent and
it breaks down to give oxygen to ethanol to form ethanoic acid.

15) a) What is methane? Draw its electron dot structure. Name the type of bonds formed in this
compound?
Ans) Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon belonging to alkane family. Bonds in methane is single
covalent bonding.

b) Why do such compounds have low melting and boiling point?

Ans) Carbon compounds have low melting and boiling point because they undergo covalent
bonding and they have weak intermolecular force of attraction. So we need to supply less amount
of heat to break the bonds.
c) What happens when this compound burns in oxygen?
Ans) Methane burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat and light.

16) a) With the help of suitable example explain the process of hydrogenation mentioning the
conditions of the reaction and any one change in physical property with the formation of the
product. What is its industrial application?
Ans) Unsaturated cooking oil which is a liquid is hydrogenated in the presence of nickel catalyst
to form saturated vegetable ghee which is a solid. This is the industrial application of
hydrogenation.

b) What is denatured alcohol? Why is ethanol denatured?

Ans) Denatured alcohol is ethanol which has been made unfit for drinking purpose to prevent
misuse in chemical industries by adding poisonous substance like methanol and blue coloured dye.

SECTION D
17) a) Write the chemical formula and name of the compound which is the active ingredient of all
alcoholic drinks. List its two uses.
Ans) Ethanol, C2H5OH is the name and chemical formula which is the active ingredient of all
alcoholic drinks. It is used in tonics, cough syrup and used as an industrial solvent.

b) A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess Conc. Sulphuric acid at 443 K gives an unsaturated
compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a colourless gas ‘Z’. Identify ‘X’,
‘Y’ and ‘Z’. Write the equation of the chemical reaction of formation of ‘Y’ and also write the
role of sulphuric acid in the reaction.

Ans) X = Ethanol, Y = Ethene Z = Hydrogen gas

The concentrated sulphuric acid can be regarded as a dehydrating agent which removes water
from ethanol.

18) a) A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write the
balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.

Ans) When ethanol reacts with sodium, we get sodium ethoxide and hydrogen gas.
b) What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process.

Ans) Saponification – Esters react with sodium hydroxide to form sodium ethanoate and ethanol.
This reaction is known as saponification because it is used in the preparation of soap.

19) a) Define isomerism.

Ans) Compounds having the same molecular formulae but different structural arrangement of
atoms in them are known as isomers, and the phenomenon is known as isomerism.

b) Draw the possible isomers of pentane (C5H12).

c) Why isomerism is not possible of the first three members of alkanes.

Ans) We show isomerism we need minimum 4 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain. So
isomerism in not possible in first 3 members.
d) Draw the electron dot structure of the following molecules:
i) Ethane ii) Carbon dioxide iii) Ammonia
Ammonia (NH3)

20) Ayaan heated Ethanol with a compound A in presence of a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid
and observed a sweet smelling compound B is formed. When B is treated with sodium hydroxide it
gives back Ethanol and a compound C.
a) Identify A and C
Ans) A is ethanoic acid , C is sodium ethanoate and B is ester.

b) Give one use each of compounds A and B.

Ans) A (Ethanoic acid) is used to make vinegar which is used as a preservative in pickles(Anti
fungal agent). B (Ester) is used as an artificial flavouring agent in Jams, jellies and perfumes.

c) Write the chemical reactions involved and name the reactions.

Ethanoic acid Ethanol Ester

Saponification

Ester Ethanol + Ethanoic Acid

21) a) What is a homologous series of compounds? List any two of its characteristics.

Ans)Homologous series is a group of carbon compounds where hydrogen is replaced by a same

functional group and they have similar structure and chemical properties and each successive
member have a difference of –CH2 and 14u.

The two characteristics are : They have same chemical properties because they have same
functional group
(ii) They have a slight gradation in physical properties because the molecular mass is increasing
down the group.

b) State the part of a homologous series that determines their (i) physical and (ii) chemical
properties.
Ans) Alkyl group/Hydrocarbon chain decides the physical properties of the compound.
Functional group decide the chemical properties of the compound.

SECTION E

22) Soaps and detergents are cleansing agents. Soaps do not work well with hard water whereas
detergents work well with hard water. Soaps are biodegradable and do not create water pollution. Some
detergents create water pollution.

a. (i) What are micelles?

 (ii) Why are micelles not formed when soap is added to ethanol?

Ans) Soap dissolves completely in ethanol because the hydrophobic and hydrophilic end dissolves.
So no micelles are formed.

b. What is a detergent. Why do detergents work well with hard water?

Ans) Detergents are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long chain carboxylic acid. Detergents do
not form precipitates with the calcium and magnesium salts present in hard water and do not
form scum and hence they are better cleansing agents. So they work well with hard water.

c. What is soap? Why are soaps not suitable for washing clothes when water is hard?

Ans) Soaps are usually sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acid.

Hard water contains calcium and magnesium ions. When soaps are dissolved in hard water, these
ions displace sodium or potassium from their salts to form insoluble salt called scum. Here soap is
getting wasted. This is the reason why soap does not work in hard water.

24) What is the difference between soap and detergents?

25) Describe the cleansing action of soap?

Ans) Soaps are usually sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. Soap molecule of soap
have 2 parts:
a hydrophobic tail(R-Hydrocarbon chain) which will not dissolve in water and a hydrophyllic
head made up of (COO-Na+) are made up of two parts: a non-polar hydrophobic end consisting of
a long hydrocarbon chain (R ) which do not dissolve in water. Many soap molecules together form
a special orientation in which hydrophilic head come together and hydrophobic tail come in the
center called as Micelle. Dirt is organic in nature, so they get attached to the hydrophobic tail and
they get trapped in it. In the hydrophilic end, due to strong ionic repulsion micelle will not get
destroyed and remain as a colloid in the soap water solution. After washing when we rinse the
clothes micelles along with dirt gets washed away removing the dirt.

26) Explain the reaction of ethanoic acid with sodium carbonate/sodium hydrogen carbonate with
the help of a chemical reaction. Identify the gas evolved and write a test to prove the presence of
the gas.
Ans)

27) Write the chemical difference between ethanol and ethanoic acid.

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