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Exercise Sheet 4 - Vector Spaces

This document is an exercise sheet for a Linear Algebra course at the University of Science and Technology of Hanoi for the academic year 2024-2025. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, bases, and coordinate matrices. The exercises cover calculations, theoretical questions, and applications of linear algebra concepts.

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44 views3 pages

Exercise Sheet 4 - Vector Spaces

This document is an exercise sheet for a Linear Algebra course at the University of Science and Technology of Hanoi for the academic year 2024-2025. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, bases, and coordinate matrices. The exercises cover calculations, theoretical questions, and applications of linear algebra concepts.

Uploaded by

minhpq2410641
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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University of Science and Technology of Hanoi MAT1.

002
Academic year 2024-2025 LINEAR ALGEBRA

Exercise Sheet 4: Vector Spaces


October-November 2024

1. Let u = (1, 2, 3) and v = (−1, 3, 4), find 3u − 2v.

2. Solve for x provided that u = (1, −1, 2), v = (0, 2, 3) and w = (0, 1, 1) and

2x − u + 3v + 2w = 0.

3. Determine which sets together with the two operations (scalar multiplication and ad-
dition) defined respectively are vector spaces:

(a) The set of all triples of real numbers (x, y, z) with the following operations (x, y, z)+
(x0 , y 0 , z 0 ) = (x + x0 , y + y 0 , z + z 0 ) and c · (x, y, z) = (cx, y, z);
(b) The set of all pairs of real numbers (x, y) with the following operations (x, y) +
(x0 , y 0 ) = (x + x0 , y + y 0 ) and c · (x, y) = (2cx, 2cy);
(c) The set of all pairs of real numbers of the form (x, y) where x ≥ 0, with the
standard operations on R2 ;
(d) All 2 by 2 matrices with the matrix addition and scalar multiplication;
(e) The set of singular 2 by 2 matrices with the matrix addition and scalar multipli-
cation;
(f) The set of non-singular 2 by 2 matrices with the matrix addition and scalar
multiplication;
 
a 1
(g) The set of all 2 by 2 matrices of the form with the matrix addition and
1 b
scalar multiplications;
(h) All one variable polynomials of degree 2 with the scalar multiplication and addi-
tion are the scalar multiplication and additions in polynomials.

4. Which of the following subsets of R3 are actually subspaces?

(a) The plane of vectors (b1 , b2 , b3 ) with first component b1 = 0.


(b) The plane of vectors b with b1 = 1.
(c) The vectors b with b2 b3 = 0 (this is the union of two subspaces, the plane b2 = 0
and the plane b3 = 0).
(d) All combinations of two given vectors (1, 1, 0) and (2, 0, 1).
(e) The plane of vectors (b1 , b2 , b3 ) that satisfy b3 − b2 + 3b1 = 0.

5. Write v as a linear combination of u1 , u2 and u3 if possible, where

v = (3, 0, −6), u1 = (1, −1, 2), u2 = (2, 4, −2), u3 = (1, 2, −4).


6. Determine whether S (a) spans R3 , (b) is linearly independent, and (c) is a basis for
R3 , where
S = {(2, 0, −1), (2, −1, 1), (4, 2, 0)}.
7. Determine whether S = {1 − x, 2x + 3x2 , x2 − 2x3 , 2 + x3 } is a basis for P3 (x).
8. Determine whether the following set S is a basis for M2×2 , where
       
1 0 −1 0 2 1 1 1
S= , , , .
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
9. Find a basisfor the solution space of Ax = 0, where
 
1 2
a) A = ,
2 1
 
b) A = 1 2 3 ,
 
1 0 −2 0
c) A =  4 −2 4 −2 .
−2 0 1 3
10. Find the rank, a basis for the row space and a basis for the column space of the matrix
A:
 
a) A = 1 2 −1 ,
 
1 2
b) A = −4 3 ,
6 1
 
1 2 0
c) A = −1 4 1 .
0 1 3
11. Find a basis for the subspace of R3 spanned by S, where
S = {(1, 2, 2), (−1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)}.

12. Find a basis and the dimension of the solution space of the homogeneous system of
linear equations
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + 22x4 + 13x5 = 0
x1 + 2x3 − 2x4 + x5 = 0
3x1 + 6x2 + 5x3 + 42x4 + 27x5 = 0.
13. Determine whether the nonhomogeneous system Ax = b is consistent, and if the system
is consistent, write the solution in the form x = xh +xp , where xh is a solution of Ax = 0
and xp is a particular solution of Ax = b:
x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 + 5x5 = 0
−5x1 − 10x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 55x5 = −8
x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 − 3x4 − 5x5 = 14
−x1 − 2x2 + x3 + x4 + 15x5 = −2.

2
 
2 2 3
14. Let B = {(1, 1), (−1, 1)} be a basis in R and let x be a vector in R with [x]B = .
5
Find the coordinate matrix of x relative the standard basis.

15. Find the coordinate matrix of x relative to the (non-standard) basis B of Rm :

(a) B = {(1, 1), (0, −2)}, x = (2, −1).


(b) B = {(1, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}, x = (4, −2, 9).
(c) B = {(1, 2, 3), (1, 2, 0), (0, −6, 2)}, x = (3, −3, 0).

16. Find the coordinate matrix of x relative to the basis B 0 , where


 
0 3
(a) B = {(1, 1), (1, −1)}, B = {(0, 1), (1, 2)}; [x]B = ,
−3
 
−1
(b) B = {(1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}, B 0 = {(0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1)}; [x]B =  2 .
−3

17. Find the transition matrix from B to B 0 :

(a) B = {(1, −1), (3, 1)}, B 0 = {(1, 2), (−1, 0)}.


(b) B = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0)}, B 0 = {(1, 2, 3), (0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1)}.

18. Let v1 , v2 and v3 be three linearly independent vector in a vector space V . Is the set
{v1 − v2 , v2 − v3 , v3 − v1 } linearly dependent or linearly independent?

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