Exercise Sheet 4 - Vector Spaces
Exercise Sheet 4 - Vector Spaces
002
Academic year 2024-2025 LINEAR ALGEBRA
2. Solve for x provided that u = (1, −1, 2), v = (0, 2, 3) and w = (0, 1, 1) and
2x − u + 3v + 2w = 0.
3. Determine which sets together with the two operations (scalar multiplication and ad-
dition) defined respectively are vector spaces:
(a) The set of all triples of real numbers (x, y, z) with the following operations (x, y, z)+
(x0 , y 0 , z 0 ) = (x + x0 , y + y 0 , z + z 0 ) and c · (x, y, z) = (cx, y, z);
(b) The set of all pairs of real numbers (x, y) with the following operations (x, y) +
(x0 , y 0 ) = (x + x0 , y + y 0 ) and c · (x, y) = (2cx, 2cy);
(c) The set of all pairs of real numbers of the form (x, y) where x ≥ 0, with the
standard operations on R2 ;
(d) All 2 by 2 matrices with the matrix addition and scalar multiplication;
(e) The set of singular 2 by 2 matrices with the matrix addition and scalar multipli-
cation;
(f) The set of non-singular 2 by 2 matrices with the matrix addition and scalar
multiplication;
a 1
(g) The set of all 2 by 2 matrices of the form with the matrix addition and
1 b
scalar multiplications;
(h) All one variable polynomials of degree 2 with the scalar multiplication and addi-
tion are the scalar multiplication and additions in polynomials.
12. Find a basis and the dimension of the solution space of the homogeneous system of
linear equations
x1 + 3x2 + 2x3 + 22x4 + 13x5 = 0
x1 + 2x3 − 2x4 + x5 = 0
3x1 + 6x2 + 5x3 + 42x4 + 27x5 = 0.
13. Determine whether the nonhomogeneous system Ax = b is consistent, and if the system
is consistent, write the solution in the form x = xh +xp , where xh is a solution of Ax = 0
and xp is a particular solution of Ax = b:
x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 + 5x5 = 0
−5x1 − 10x2 + 3x3 + 3x4 + 55x5 = −8
x1 + 2x2 + 2x3 − 3x4 − 5x5 = 14
−x1 − 2x2 + x3 + x4 + 15x5 = −2.
2
2 2 3
14. Let B = {(1, 1), (−1, 1)} be a basis in R and let x be a vector in R with [x]B = .
5
Find the coordinate matrix of x relative the standard basis.
18. Let v1 , v2 and v3 be three linearly independent vector in a vector space V . Is the set
{v1 − v2 , v2 − v3 , v3 − v1 } linearly dependent or linearly independent?