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STRUCTURAL CALCULATIONS
FOR
Example 6 - Wind Example 11 - Seismic
2000 IBC Handbook - Structural Provisions
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Code Search
I. II. Code: Occupancy: Occupancy Group = III. Type of Construction: Fire Rating: Roof = Floor = IV. 2.0 hr 2.0 hr B Business International Building Code 2000
Live Loads: Roof angle () 0.00 / 12 0.0 deg Roof 0 to 200 sf: 20 psf 200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf over 600 sf: 12 psf Floor Stairs & Exitways Balcony Mechanical Partitions 50 psf 100 psf 100 psf N/A 20 psf
V.
Wind Loads :
ASCE 7 - 98 1.00 85 mph 0.85 255.0 ft 258.0 ft B Partially Enclosed +/-0.55 130.0 ft 130.0 ft 1.291 1.291
Importance Factor Basic Wind speed Directionality (Kd) Mean Roof Ht (h) Parapet ht above grd Exposure Category Enclosure Classif. Internal pressure Building length (L) Least width (B) Kh case 1 Kh case 2
Topographic Factor (Kzt) Topography Hill Height (H) Half Hill Length (Lh) Actual H/Lh = Use H/Lh = Modified Lh = From top of crest: x= Bldg up/down wind?
Flat 80.0 ft 100.0 ft 0.80 0.50 160.0 ft 50.0 ft downwind 0.000 0.792 1.000 1.000
H/Lh= 0.50 K1 = x/Lh = 0.31 K2 = z/Lh = 1.59 K3 = At Mean Roof Ht: Kzt = (1+K1K2K3)^2 =
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V.
Wind Loads - cont.:
Gust Effect Factor
h= use this h : B= Calculated /z = Use this /z : 255.0 ft 255.0 ft 130.0 ft 153.0 ft 153.0 ft
Flexible structure if natural frequency < 1 Hz (T > 1 second). However, rule of thumb is if h/B < 4 then rigid structure. h/B = 1.96 Therefore, probably rigid structure
G=
0.88
Use flexible structure formula
Rigid Structure / = 0.33 l= 320 ft zmin = 30 ft c= 0.30 gQ, gv = 3.4 Lz = 533.6 ft Q= 0.81 Iz = 0.23 G= 0.83
Flexible or Dynamically Sensitive Structure Natural Frequency (n1) = 0.5 Hz Damping ratio () = 0.01 /b = 0.45 / = 0.25 Vz = 82.3 N1 = 3.24 Rn = 0.067 = Rh = 0.131 7.125 = RB = 0.237 3.632 = RL = 0.079 12.160 gR = 4.021 R = 0.342 G = 0.876
h = 255.0 ft
Enclosure Classification
Test for Enclosed Building: A building that does not qualify as open or partially enclosed. Test for Open Building: All walls are at least 80% open. Ao 0.8Ag
Test for Partially Enclosed Building: Input Ao 0.0 sf Ag 0.0 sf Aoi 0.0 sf Agi 0.0 sf
Ao 1.1Aoi Ao > 4' / 0.01Ag Aoi / Agi 0.20
Test YES NO NO
Building is NOT Partially Enclosed.
Conditions to qualify as Partially Enclosed Building. Must satisfy all of the following: Ao >= 1.1Aoi Ao > smaller of 4' or 0.01 Ag Aoi / Agi <= 0.20 Where: Ao = the total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure. Ag = the gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified. Aoi = the sum of the areas of openings in the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ao. Agi = the sum of the gross surface areas of the building envelope (walls and roof) not including Ag.
Reduction Factor for large volume partially enclosed buildings (Ri):
If the partially enclosed building contains a single room that is unpartitioned , the internal pressure coefficient may be multiplied by the reduction factor Ri. Total area of all wall & roof openings (Aog): Unpartitioned internal volume (Vi) : Ri = 0 sf 0 cf 1.00
Altitude adjustment to constant 0.00256 :
Altitude = Constant = 0 feet 0.00256 Average Air Density = 0.0765 lbm/ft3
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V.
Wind Loads - MWFRS all h (Enclosed/partially enclosed only) Kh (case 2) = 1.29 h= 255.0 ft Base pressure (qh) = 20.3 psf ridge ht = 255.0 ft Roof Angle = 0.0 deg L= 130.0 ft Roof tributary area - (h/2)*L: 16575 sf B= 130.0 ft (h/2)*B: 16575 sf Surface Pressures (psf) Surface Windward Wall (WW) Leeward Wall (LW) Side Wall (SW) Leeward Roof (LR) Windward Roof: 0 to h/2* > h/2* Wind Normal to Ridge (psf) B/L = 1.00 h/L = 1.96 qhGCp w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi Cp 0.80 14.2 see table below -0.50 -8.9 -17.2 2.3 -0.70 -12.5 -20.7 -1.3 -1.04 -0.70 ** -18.5 -12.5 -26.8 -20.7 -7.3 -1.3
GCpi = G= z for qi : qi =
+/-0.55 0.88 90.0 ft 15.1 psf for positive internal pressures
Dist.*
Wind Parallel to Ridge (psf) L/B = 1.00 h/L = 1.96 qhGCp w/ +qiGCpi w/ -qhGCpi Cp 0.80 -0.50 -0.70 14.2 -8.9 -12.5 see table below -17.2 2.3 -20.7 -1.3 -7.3 -1.3
0 to h/2* > h/2*
Included in windward roof -1.04 -18.5 -26.8 -0.70 -12.5 -20.7
*Horizontal distance from windward edge
**Roof angle < 10 degrees. Therefore, leeward roof is included in windward roof pressure zones.
Windward Wall Pressures at "z" (psf) z 0 to 15' 17.5 ft 30.0 ft 42.5 ft 55.0 ft 67.5 ft 80.0 ft 92.5 ft 105.0 ft 117.5 ft 130.0 ft 142.5 ft 155.0 ft 167.5 ft 180.0 ft 192.5 ft 205.0 ft 217.5 ft 230.0 ft 242.5 ft 255.0 ft 258.0 ft Kz 0.57 0.60 0.70 0.77 0.83 0.88 0.93 0.97 1.00 1.03 1.07 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.17 1.19 1.21 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.30 Kzt 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Windward Wall qzGCp w/+qiGCpi w/-qhGCpi 6.3 psf 6.6 7.7 8.5 9.2 9.7 10.2 10.7 11.0 11.4 11.7 12.1 12.3 12.6 12.9 13.1 13.4 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.2 14.3 -2.0 psf -1.7 -0.6 0.2 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.0 17.5 psf 17.8 18.9 19.7 20.3 20.9 21.4 21.8 22.2 22.6 22.9 23.2 23.5 23.8 24.0 24.3 24.5 24.8 25.0 25.2 25.4 25.4
Combined WW + LW Normal Parallel to Ridge to Ridge
h=
15.2 psf 15.5 16.6 17.4 18.1 18.6 19.1 19.5 19.9 20.3 20.6 20.9 21.2 21.5 21.8 22.0 22.3 22.5 22.7 22.9 23.1 23.2
15.2 psf 15.5 16.6 17.4 18.1 18.6 19.1 19.5 19.9 20.3 20.6 20.9 21.2 21.5 21.8 22.0 22.3 22.5 22.7 22.9 23.1 23.2
NOTE: See figure 6-9 of ASCE7 for the application of full and partial loading of the above wind pressures. There are 4 different loading cases. Parapet z 258.0 ft
Kz 1.30
Kzt 1.00 30.6 psf -20.4 psf
qp (psf) 20.4 (GCpn = +1.5) (GCpn = -1.0)
Windward parapet: Leeward parapet:
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V. Wind Loads - Components & Cladding : h > 60' Kh (case 1) = 1.29 Base pressure (qh) = 20.3 psf Roof Angle = 0.0 deg
h= a= GCpi = qi = Minimum parapet height at building perimeter =
255.0 ft 13.0 ft NOTE: If tributary area is greater than +/-0.55 700sf, MWFRS pressure may be used. 15.1 psf for positive internal pressures 3.0 ft User input 50 sf 250 sf -33 psf -28 psf -49 psf -43 psf -49 psf -43 psf
Roof Area Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 10 sf -1.40 -2.30 -2.30
GCp Surface Pressure (psf) 100 sf 500 sf 10 sf 100 sf 500 sf -1.11 -0.90 -37 psf -31 psf -27 psf -1.89 -1.60 -55 psf -47 psf -41 psf -1.89 -1.60 -55 psf -47 psf -41 psf Zone 3 = zone 2, since parapet >= 3ft.
Walls
GCp Surface Pressure at "h" User input Area 20 sf 100 sf 500 sf 20 sf 100 sf 500 sf 28 sf 55 sf Negative Zone 4 -0.90 -0.80 -0.70 -26.6 psf -24.5 psf -22.5 psf -26.2 psf -25.3 psf Negative Zone 5 -1.80 -1.40 -1.00 -44.8 psf -36.7 psf -28.6 psf -43.2 psf -39.7 psf Positive Zone 4 & 5 0.90 0.75 0.60 18.3 psf 15.2 psf 12.2 psf 28.8 psf 27.5 psf NOTE: Negative zones 4 & 5 pressures apply to all heights. Positive pressures vary with height, see below.
Wall surface pressure at "z" z Kz Kzt 0 to 15' 0.70 1.00 17.5 ft 0.70 1.00 30.0 ft 0.70 1.00 42.5 ft 0.77 1.00 55.0 ft 0.83 1.00 67.5 ft 0.88 1.00 80.0 ft 0.93 1.00 92.5 ft 0.97 1.00 105.0 ft 1.00 1.00 117.5 ft 1.03 1.00 130.0 ft 1.07 1.00 142.5 ft 1.09 1.00 155.0 ft 1.12 1.00 167.5 ft 1.15 1.00 180.0 ft 1.17 1.00 192.5 ft 1.19 1.00 205.0 ft 1.21 1.00 217.5 ft 1.23 1.00 230.0 ft 1.25 1.00 242.5 ft 1.27 1.00 h= 255.0 ft 1.29 1.00 258.0 ft 1.30 1.00
qz (psf) 11.0 11.0 11.0 12.2 13.1 13.9 14.6 15.2 15.8 16.3 16.7 17.2 17.6 18.0 18.4 18.7 19.1 19.4 19.7 20.0 20.3 20.4
Positive zone 4 & 5 (psf) 20 sf 100 sf 500 sf 21.1 19.4 17.8 21.1 19.4 17.8 21.1 19.4 17.8 22.1 20.3 18.5 23.0 21.0 19.0 23.7 21.6 19.5 24.3 22.1 19.9 24.8 22.6 20.3 25.3 23.0 20.6 25.8 23.4 20.9 26.2 23.7 21.2 26.6 24.1 21.5 27.0 24.4 21.7 27.4 24.7 22.0 27.7 24.9 22.2 28.0 25.2 22.4 28.3 25.5 22.6 28.6 25.7 22.8 28.9 25.9 23.0 29.2 26.2 23.2 29.4 26.4 23.3 29.5 26.4 23.4
Parapet z 258.0 ft
Kz 1.30
Kzt 1.00
qp 20.4 psf Solid Parapet Pressure CASE A : Interior zone: Corner zone: CASE B : Interior zone: Corner zone: 10 sf 65.2 psf 65.2 psf -36.7 psf -55.0 psf 100 sf 53.7 psf 53.7 psf -31.6 psf -43.8 psf 500 sf 44.8 psf 44.8 psf -26.5 psf -32.6 psf
CASE A = pressure towards building CASE B = pressure away from building
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Seismic Use Group : Importance Factor (I) : Site Class : Ss (0.2 sec) = S1 (1.0 sec) = Fa = Fv = 1.000 1.500
Zip Code Search for Ss & S1: http://eqint.cr.usgs.gov/eq-men/html/zipcode.html
1.500 0.900
Sds = Sd1 =
1.000 0.600
Design Category = Design Category =
D D
Seismic Design Category =
Number of Stories: 20 Structure Type: Not applicable Plan Structural Irregularities: No plan Irregularity Vertical Structural Irregularities: No vertical Irregularity Flexible Diaphragms: Building System: Seismic resisting system: System Building Height Limit: Actual Building Height (hn) = No Dual Systems with special Moment Frames Special reinforced concrete shear walls Height not limited 255.0 ft See Code section 1617.6.4 for exceptions and other system limitations
DESIGN COEFFICIENTS AND FACTORS Response Modification Factor (R) = 8 System Over-Strength Factor () = 2.5 Deflection Amplification Factor (Cd) = 6.5 Sds = 1.000 Sd1 = 0.600 Code Reference Section for Detailing : 1910.2.4 Seismic Load Effect (E) = QE +/- 0.2SDS D Special Seismic Load Effect (Em) = o QE +/- 0.2SDS D PERMITTED ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES Index Force Analysis (Seismic Category A only) Simplified Analysis Method Not Permitted Method Not Permitted 0.020 CThnx = 1.276 sec 2.94 sec SdsI/R =
Sd1 I /RT =
= QE +/= 2.5 QE +/-
0.200D 0.200D
= redundancy coefficient QE = horizontal seismic force D = dead load
Method Not Permitted
Equivalent Lateral-Force Analysis Building period coef. (CT) = Approx fundamental period (Ta) = User calculated fundamental period (T) = Seismic response coef. (Cs) = need not exceed Cs = but not less than Cs = USE Cs =
x= 0.75
Cu = 1.20 Tmax = CuTa = 1.531 Use T = 1.531
0.044SdsI =
0.125 0.049 0.044 0.049 Design Base Shear V = Method Not Permitted - Permitted (see code for procedure)
Model, Linear & Nonlinear Response Analysis ALLOWABLE STORY DRIFT Structure Type: Allowable story drift = All other structures 0.020hsx
where hsx is the story height below level x
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Seismic Design Category (SDC)= D CONNECTIONS Force to connect smaller portions of structure to remainder of structure Fp = 0.133SDSwp = or Fp = 0.5wp = 0.13 wp 0.05 wp Use Fp = 0.13 wp wp = weight of smaller portion
Beam, girder or truss connection for resisting horizontal force parallel to member FP = no less than 0.05 times dead plus live load vertical reaction Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry Walls to elements providing lateral support Fp = 1.2IeSdsWw = 1.200 ww or Fp = 0.1ww = 0.10 ww Use Fp = 1.20 ww but not less than 200.0 plf = 400SdsIe Connection force given is for flexible diaphragms (use architectural components for ridgid diaphrams) MEMBER DESIGN Bearing Walls and Shear Walls (out of plane force) Fp = 0.40IeSDSww = or Fp = 0.1ww = Diaphragms Fp = (Sum Fi / Sum Wi)Wpx + Vpx = need not exceed 0.3 SdsIeWpx + Vpx = but not less than 0.15 SdsIeWpx + Vpx = (Sum Fi / Sum Wi)Wpx + Vpx 0.300 Wpx + Vpx 0.150 Wpx + Vpx 0.400 ww 0.10 ww Use Fp = 0.40 ww
ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS Architectural Component : Cantilever Elements (Unbraced or Braced to Structural Frame Below Its Center of Mass) Importance Factor (Ip) : 1.0 Component Amplification Factor (ap) = Comp Response Modification Factor (Rp) = Fp = 0.4apSdsIpWp(1+2z/h)/Rp = not greater than Fp = 1.6SdsIpWp = but not less than Fp = 0.3SdsIpWp = 2.5 2.5 0.557 Wp 1.600 Wp 0.300 Wp h= z= 255.0 feet 50.0 feet z/h = 0.20
use Fp =
0.557 Wp
MECH AND ELEC COMPONENTS SEISMIC COEFFICIENTS
Seismic Design Category D & Ip=1.0, therefore see 2000IBC Section 1621.1.1 for exceptions
Mech or Electrical Component : General Electrical - Distribution systems (bus ducts, conduit, cable tray) Importance Factor (Ip) : 1.0 Component Amplification Factor (ap) = Comp Response Modification Factor (Rp) = Fp = 0.4apSdsIpWp(1+2z/h)/Rp = not greater than Fp = 1.6SdsIpWp = but not less than Fp = 0.3SdsIpWp = 1 3.5 0.159 Wp 1.600 Wp 0.300 Wp h= z= 255.0 feet 50.0 feet z/h = 0.20
use Fp =
0.300 Wp
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Address City, State Phone other CODE SUMMARY Code: Live Loads: Roof 0 to 200 sf: 20 psf 200 to 600 sf: 24 - 0.02Area, but not less than 12 psf over 600 sf: 12 psf 50 psf 100 psf 100 psf N/A 20 psf International Building Code 2000
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Floor Stairs & Exitways Balcony Mechanical Partitions Dead Loads: Floor Roof Roof Snow Loads:
72.4 psf 77.8 psf
Design Roof Snow load Flat Roof Snow Load Snow Exposure Factor Importance Factor Thermal Factor Ground Snow Load Rain on Snow Surcharge Sloped-roof Factor Wind Design Data: Basic Wind speed Mean Roof Ht (h) Building Category Importance Factor Exposure Category Enclosure Classif. Internal pressure Coef. Directionality (Kd) Earthquake Design Data: Seismic Use Group : Importance Factor Mapped spectral response accelerations Site Class Spectral Response Coef. Seismic Design Category Basic Structural System Seismic Resisting System Design Base Shear Seismic Response Coef. Response Modification Factor Analysis Procedure
Pf Ce I Ct Pg
= = = = = = = Cs =
8.5 psf 5.0 psf 1.00 1.00 1.00 5.0 psf 3.5 psf 1.00
85 mph 255.0 ft II 1.00 B Partially Enclosed +/-0.55 0.85
= I I = 1.00 Ss = 150.00 %g S1 = 60.00 %g = D Sds = 1.000 Sd1 = 0.600 = D = Dual Systems with special Moment Frames = Special reinforced concrete shear walls V = 0.049W Cs = 0.049 R = 8 = Equivalent Lateral-Force Analysis
CODE SUMMARY- continued Component and cladding wind pressures Select method : C&C>60 feet
Roof
Area Negative Zone 1 Negative Zone 2 Negative Zone 3
Surface Pressure (psf) 10 sf 50 sf 100 sf -36.7 -30.7 -26.6 -55.0 -46.6 -40.8 -55.0 -46.6 -40.8
Wall
Area Negative Zone 4 Negative Zone 5 Positive Zone 4 & 5 0 to 15' 18 ft 30 ft 43 ft 55 ft 68 ft 80 ft 93 ft 105 ft 118 ft 130 ft 143 ft 155 ft 168 ft 180 ft 193 ft 205 ft 218 ft 230 ft 243 ft 255 ft 258 ft
Surface Pressure (psf) 20 sf 50 sf 100 sf -26.6 -24.5 -22.5 -44.8 -36.7 -28.6 21.1 21.1 21.1 22.1 23.0 23.7 24.3 24.8 25.3 25.8 26.2 26.6 27.0 27.4 27.7 28.0 28.3 28.6 28.9 29.2 29.4 29.5 19.4 19.4 19.4 20.3 21.0 21.6 22.1 22.6 23.0 23.4 23.7 24.1 24.4 24.7 24.9 25.2 25.5 25.7 25.9 26.2 26.4 26.4 17.8 17.8 17.8 18.5 19.0 19.5 19.9 20.3 20.6 20.9 21.2 21.5 21.7 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.6 22.8 23.0 23.2 23.3 23.4
