MATHEMATICS

JEE (MAIN + ADVANCED)

BINOMIAL THEOREM

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

BINOMIAL THEOREM

Binomial expression :

Any algebraic expression which contains two dissimilar terms is called binomial
expression.
1

For example : x + y, x2y +

2,3 – X, Vx2 +1 + 73
41 1/3 etc.

Terminology used in binomial theorem :

Factorial notation : In or n! is pronounced as factorial n and is defined as

n(n − 1)(n − 2)........3.2.1 ; if neN n! = 1-1 1 ; if n = 0

Note : n! = n. (n − 1)!;
neN

Mathematical meaning of "C, : The term "C, denotes number of combinations of r

things choosen
n!
from n distinct things mathematically, "C =
Line N r EW, Osrsn
(n-r)!r!"

Note : Other symbols of of "C, are " and C(n,r).

Properties related to "c, :
(1) C = "CM- Note: If nC = "c, = Either x = y or x +y=n
(ii) "C, + "CF-1 = n* 1c,
"Crn-r+1
=
n + 10

(iii)
Cr
n(n-1)
=
=
n-10
=
n(n-1)(n − 2).........(n - (r - 1))
r(r - 1)(r – 2).......2.1
= .............
=
-1
r(r – 1
r2

(v) If n and rare relatively prime, then "C, is divisible by n. But converse is not
necessarily true.
wer of real gurus Statement of binomial theorem :
(a + b)" = "c, a^bo + "C, an-161 + "c, an-2 b2 +...+ "C, an-r b+......
+ "C, ao bn
where neN

of
(a + b)^ = Ź "C, a b
r=0

Note : If we put a = 1 and b = x in the above binomial expansion, then

(1 + x)" = "Co + "c, x + nc, x2 +... + nc, x' +...+ xn
Or

op
(1 + x)• = { "C, X
r=0

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

Self practice problems

Write the first three terms in the expansion of

15
v2

(2)
Expand the binomial

Answers : (164-64y +
wers :

x10
,
10
(2)
135 5x4 + 30x + -
243
5
x 27 X
+

223
+
i
V4 + 20
243
to

Observations :
The number of terms in the binomial expansion (a + b)"is n + 1. (ii) The sum
of the indices of a and b in each term is n.
The binomial coefficients ("C., "C, .......... "C) of the terms equidistant from the
beginning and
the end are equal, i.e. "Co = "C., "C, = "Co-, etc. {:: "C, = "Cor} (iv) The binomial
coefficient can be remembered with the help of the following pascal's Triangle
(also known as Meru Prastra provided by Pingla)
(iii)
Index of the binomial
The binomial coefficient
N
2
w
73 V3 V4V6 D4
5 10 10 5
or
1
1

Regarding Pascal's Triangle, we note the following: (a) Each row of the triangle begins
with 1 and ends with 1. (b) Any entry in a row is the sum of two entries in the preceding
row, one on the immediate left and
the other on the immediate right.
ower of real gurus General term :
(x + y)n = "c, x" yo + nc, xn-1 y' + ...........+ nc, xn-ry' +
..........+ nC to yn (r + 1)th term is called general term and denoted by T
Trty = "C, xn-ry Note : The rth term from the end is equal to the (n - r +
2)th term from the begining, i.e. "Co-rty X-1 yn Middle term(s) :
r+1

(n+2) th
(a)
If n is even, there is only one middle term, which is
|
term.

(n+1)th
(b)
If n is odd, there are two middle terms, which are
and
n+1 th
2 +1]
- +1]
terms.
2
(

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

Numerically greatest term in the expansion of (a + b)", neN

Binomial expansion of (a + b)" is as follows : - (a + b)" = "c, a"bounc, an-
1b1 + "c, an-2b2 +...+ C, an-r b' +...... + nc, abn If we put certain
values of a and bin RHS, then each term of binomial expansion will
have certain value. The term having numerically greatest value is said to
be numerically greatest term. Let T and Try be the rth and (r + 1) th
terms respectively T = "
c an-(r41) br-1 Tri = "Can-r br
+

'r+1
n
-
r
+
1

-
- *1.10
-r +1h
r-1

Now. Consider
+

Consider
21
n
n
+
3
n+1

Case - I
n+1 Whena

is an integer (say m), then

1
+

TR>T when r<m (r = 1, 2, 3 ..., m – 1) i.e. T, >T,, T3>T2, .......,

Tm > Tm-1 Try = T, when r=m i.e. Tm+y = TM They <T, when
r>m (r = m + 1, m + 2, ..........n )
h+2 < Tm+1 , Tm+3 = Tm+2 , .......... Tota <T.
(iii)
1n

Conclusion :

n+1

is an integer, say m, then Tm and Tmty will be numerically greatest

terms (both terms are

equal in magnitude) Case - II

Power of real qurus n+1 When

is not an integer (Let its integral part be m), then

(i)
Tr>T
when rs n+1
(r = 1, 2, 3, ...
., m-1, m)

e.
T, >T,, Tz > T2, .............., Tm+1 > Tm
n+1
r
>
r+1

.)
( TT, whenr> na
i.e. Tm2 < Times, Toni < Time 2..
(r=m+1, m+ 2.

Too <T,
,
m
.............
+2
"
m+1 '
'
m+3
m
+2
.........
n
+1

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

Conclusion :

When n+1
when 10a is not an integer and its integral partis m,
then T, wille
is not an integer and its integral part is m, then my will be the numerically greatest term.
m
+1

Note : (i)

Cinta
In any binomial expansion, the middle term(s) has greatest binomial coefficient. In the
expansion of (a + b)"
No. of greatest binomial coefficient Greatest binomial coefficient Even Odd
"Cin - 1)/2 and "Cin+ 1)/2
(Values of both these coefficients are equal ) In order to obtain the term having
numerically greatest coefficient, put a = b = 1, and proceed as discussed above.
(ii)

Explanation:

T
For rs 4, TF+42T, » T>T
T>T, T>T
T = T. For r>5, TF+1 <T,
To<T,
T,<To
and so on
Hence, T. and T. are numerically greatest terms and both are equal.
Self practice problems :

Find the term independent of x in

The sum of all rational terms in the expansion of (3115 + 21/3)15 is (A) 60
(B) 59
(C) 95
(D) 105

Find the coefficient of x-1 in (1 + 3x2 + x4) 1+

(6)
Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of (1 + 3x + 3x2 + x3)2n

MIA II

(7) Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (7 –

5x)11 when x = = Answers: (3) 28.37 (4) B (5)
232
(6) C3n Xon (7) To=- 190 * 78 * 5%.
Result :
If (VA +B)" = I + f, where I and n are positive integers, n being odd and 0 <f< 1,
then (I + f)

f = k" where A - B2 = k > 0 and VA - B < 1. If n is an even integer, then (I + f) (1 –

f) = kn

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

Self practice problems :

(8)
If n is positive integer, prove that the integral part of (5 75 +
11)2n+1 is an even number.
(9)
If (7 + 4 13 )n = a + B, where a is a positive integer and B is a proper
fraction then prove that (1 – B) (a + B) = 1.
(10)
If n is a positive integer, then show that 32n +1 + 2n+2 is divisible by 7.

(11)
What is the remainder when 7103 is divided by 25.

(12)
Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (81)25.

(13)
Which number is larger (1.2)4000 or 800

Answers:
(11)
18
(12)
1,01,001
(13)
(1.2)4000.

Some standard expansions : (i) Consider the expansion

(x + y)n =
xn-r yr = nC, X" yo + "C, xn-1 y1 + ........... +
C, xn-r y' + ..........+ C
xo yn .... (1)
r=0

Now replace y →-y we get

(x - y)" =
(-1)' xn-r y' = "Co x" yo – "C, xn-1 ył + ... + "c, (-1)'xn-ry' + ...+ C (-1)" xo
yn .... (ii)
r=
0
Adding (i) & (ii), we get (x + y)" + (x - y)" = 2[MC, xa yo + "C, xh – 2 y2 + ........

(iv)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get (x + y)" — (x - y)" = 2[mc, xn-1 y1 + "c, xn-3 y3
+.......

Properties of binomial coefficients :

...... (1)
(1 + x)" = C + C x + C x2 + ......... + C x' + ......... + C xn where C, denotes "C,

(1)
The sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)" is 2n Putting x = 1 in (1)

"Co + "C, + "C, + ........+ "C, = 2"

.....(2)

o
į "C, =2"
r=0

(2)
Again putting x = -1 in (1), we get "Co - "C, + "C_ - "C,
+........... + (-1)^ "c, = 0
......(3)

a
Ž-7* "C, =0
Or

r=0

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

(3)
The sum of the binomial coefficients at odd position is equal to the sum of the binomial
coefficients at even position and each is equal to 2n-1. from (2) and (3)

"Co + "CZ + "CA + ................ = "C, + "C2 + "Co

+ ............... = 2n-1
Sum of two consecutive binomial coefficients

"C, + "CF = n+1C,

n!
L.H.S.
= "C, + "Cr-1 =
-
+

n! (n -r + 1)! (r – 1)!
(n-r)!r!

ni
1+
1
(n-r)! (r – 1)! [r
n-r+1]

(n
.
1)
n!
(n+1) (n-r)! (r – 1)! r«n-r+1)

(n + 1)! (n-r+1)!r! = +1C, = R.H.S.

(5)
Ratio of two consecutive binomial coefficients

"Cr
- r_1
=
n-r+1 -
r.
-
n-10
(6)
n(n-1)
- n-20 . Cr-1 = rar – 1) Us
=
= .
n(n − 1)(n-2).........(n - (r – 1))
r(r – 1)(r – 2).......2.1

Self practice problems :

un
n
+
1
n+1
(14) Prove the following
(1) Co + 3C, + 5C, + ............. + (2n + 1) C. = 2" (n +
1) (ii)
40, +4*, + C, +......... + 4.C. = 5 + 1
(ii) Co. ***C, + "C, . "Cm + "C2. 1Cm2 + ... +
Cn. "Co = 21-1 (n + 2)
(iv) ?C, + °C, + ... + "C, 5nCeal gurus
Multinomial theorem :
As we know the Binomial Theorem -

F n xry
(x + y)" =
>
· xn-r y'
=
>
r=0
r=o (n-p)!ri Xn-r yr
putting n-r=ry, r = ra

n!
therefore,
(x + y)" = Z
alo! ^
ī
X".y'?
^
r+r2 = n '1! ro!

Total number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)" is equal to number of non-

negative integral solution of r, +r2 = n i.e. n+2–1C2_1 = n+1C, = n + 1

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

In the same fashion we can write the multinomial theorem

n!
(x, + x, + x2 + ........... Xx)" =
Intre toufle=nCy!rz!... ! *?. x3... X
Here total number of terms in the expansion of (x, + x, + .......... + x)" is
equal to number of non negative integral solution of r, +r, + . .. + r = n i.e.
n+k-1Ck_y
к

Self practice problems :

(15)
The number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c + d + e + f)" is (A) n+4C
(B) n+3cm
(C) n+Cn
(D) n + 1

(16)
Find the coefficient of x3 y4 z2 in the expansion of (2x – 3y + 4z)9

(17)
Find the coefficient of x4 in (1 + x - 2x2)7
9!
Answers:
(15)
C
(16)
3! 41 21 23 34 42
(17)
-91

Binomial theorem for negative and fractional indices :

If ne R, then

n(n-1) (1 + x)" = 1 + nx + -
n(n-1)(n-2)
I x3 +
21. x2 + –
T
3!

n(n − 1)(n-2).......(n-r+1)
.................. +
x
+ ....
...............
.......
0

Remarks

(i)
The above expansion is valid for any rational number other than a whole
number if | x | < 1. When the index is a negative integer or a fraction then
number of terms in the expansion of

(iii)
The first term must be unity in the expansion, when index ‘n’ is a negative integer
or fraction
<
+n

y n(n-1) = x"1+n. ?+
X 2!
+ .....
}
if
x

(x + y)n =
10 x
1+
|
x. n (n − 1)(x = y"{1+0.-+
- 1 2!
+.....
if |-||
<1

n(n-1)(n-2).........(n-r +1)
(iv)
The general term in the expansion of (1 + x)" is T
=
3
§
When 'n' is any rational number other than whole number then
approximate value of (1 + x)" is
1 + nx (x? and higher powers of x can be neglected) Expansions to be
remembered (Jx1 < 1) (a) (1 + x)-1 = 1 - x + x2 – x3 + .......... + (-1)' x'
+ .........00
(1 – x)-1 = 1 + x + y2 + x3 + .......... + x + ..........00 (1 + x)2 = 1
– 2x + 3x2 – 4x3 + .......... + (-1)' (r + 1) x + ............00 (1 – x)-2 = 1
+ 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + .... ........ + (r + 1)x' + ........... 00

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

Self practice problems :

(18)
Find the possible set of values of x for which expansion of (3 – 2x)1/2 is valid in
ascending powers of x.
12
2
1.3
120

(19) If y = a + TV
an
....., then find the value of y2 + 2y
3!

(20)
3-5x The coefficient of x100 in a
(1-x)2 is
(A) 100
(B) –57
(D) 53

(C) –197 ) (19) 4 (20) C

Answers:
swers:

(18) x6 (
XE
*
*
*
*
*

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

EXERCISE-1
PART-I: SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b) A-1. Expand the
following:

A-2.
In the binomial expansion of
, the ratio of the 7th term from the begining to the 7th term

from the end is 1 : 6 ; find n.

A-3.
Find the coefficient of (i) x®y3 in (x + y)9
a5 b7 in (a − 2b)12

11
1

A-4.
Find the co-efficient of x7 in ax + -
and of x-7 in ax -
and find the relation between
bx
by2

'a' & 'b' so that these co-efficients are equal. (where a, b = 0).

A-5.
Find the terms independent of 'x' in the expansion of the expression,
19
,2

(1 + x + 2 x3

Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms

B-1.
Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of

(ii) (1 – 2x + x2)n wer of real qurus

B-2.
Prove that the co-efficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is equal to
the sum of the co-efficients of middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x)2n – 1.

B-3.
(i)
Find the remainder when 798 is divided by 5 Using binomial theorem prove that on – 5n
always leaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25.
Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (27)27
(iii)

Which is larger : (9950 + 10050) or (101)50.

B-5.
Find numerically greatest term(s) in the expansion of (3 – 5x)15 when x = =

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

B-6.
Find the term in the expansion of (2x – 5)6 which have (i) Greatest binomial coefficient
(ii) Greatest numerical coefficient (iii) Algebrically greatest coefficient
(iv) Algebrically least coefficient
B-7.
If (3.13 + 5% = p+ f, where p is an integer and f is a proper fraction, then find
the value of

(3/3 - 5)", neN.

B-8.
Show that the integral part in (6/6+14) Pn+1 is even, n € N.

Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of

binomial coefficients

C-1.
If Co, C1, C2, ... Care the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1
+ x)" then prove that :
39.21 -1

13,2= 1 c, + 34 22 - Cz + 3528 - C2 + ... +

35.30 +Co = 253
9
C, +
......... +
23n - 3
21
on
22
20

-
1

(Co + C,) (C7 + Cy) (Cz + Cy) (Cz+Ca...... (Cn–+

C) = 60
Co Co C2 ....... Cn-1 (n+1)"
Co-2C, + 3C2 - 4C3 +.... + (-1)" (n+1) Cn = 0
(ii) (iv)
n!

24.03 + ... 20.02 + A 22.01 +- 3

23
24C.
C-2.
2. C. +
2n +1.C.
n+1
31 +1 -1
n +1
2

-10
1-26
–
n+1

C-3. Prove that "C, + n-1C, + -20, + . .. + IC, =

+1C7 If (1 + x)n = Co + C, x + C2 x2 + ........ + Cn
x", prove that
(2n)! (1) Co Co + C, CA + ..... + Cn-3 Cn = (n+3

(2n)! (ii)Co C, + C, Cp+1 + ......... + Cn-, C, = in

+r)! (n –r)! RUS
(iii) C02 - C,2 + C22 – C2 + ........ + (-1)" 0,2 = 0 or (–
1)n/2 Cn12 according as n is odd or even. Section (D) :
Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem
rem

D-1.
Find the co-efficient of x6 in the expansion of (1 - 2 x)-5/2.
D-2.
Assuming 'x' to be so small that x? and higher powers of 'x' can be neglected,
show that,

(1+2x)* (16 – 3x)1/2

305
– is approximately equal to, 1 -
(8 + x)2/3
96

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D-3.
(i)
Find the coefficient of a5 b4 c7 in the expansion
BINOMIAL THEOREM

of (bc + ca + ab)8. Sum of coefficients of odd powers of x in expansion of

(9x2 + x - 8)6

D-4.
Find the coefficient of x7 in (1 - 2x + x3)5.

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b)n

y
12m+1

A-1.
The (m + 1)th term of
+=
is:

(A) independent of x (C) depends on the ratio x/y and m

(B) a constant (D) none of these

A-2.
The total number of distinct terms in the expansion of, (x + a) 100 + (x - a) 100 after
simplification is : (A) 50
(B) 202
(C) 51
(D) none of these

A-3.
183+73+3.18.7.25 The value of, -
36+6.243.2+15.81.4+20.27.8+15.9.16 + 6.3.32 + 64
IS:

(A) 1
(B) 2
(C)3
(D) none

A-4.
In the expansion of 3 –
*
3
the 11th term is a:
V
4

(A) positive integer (C) negative integer

(B) positive irrational number (D) negative irrational number.

in C3 is: ie of nG2
A-5.
If the second term of the expansio
is 14a5/2, then the value of
Vari

(A) 4
(B) 3
(C) 12
(D) 6

A-6.
In the expansion of (71/3 + 111/9)6561, the number of terms free from radicals is: (A)
730
(B) 729
(C) 725
(D) 750

A-7.
The value of m, for which the coefficients of the (2m + 1)th and (4m + 5) th terms in the
expansion of (1 + x) 10 are equal, is (A) 3
(B) 1
(C) 5
(D) 8

A-8.
The co-efficient of x in the expansion of (1 – 2 x3 + 3 x5) |

(A) 56
(B) 65
(C) 154
(D) 62

Given that the term of the expansion (x1/3 – X-1/2)15 which does not contain x is 5 m, where
me N, then m= (A) 1100
(B) 1010
(C) 1001
(D) 1002

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BINOMIAL THEOREM
A-10.
The term independent of x in the expansion of
x
|
113 x+ -
x
is:
x

(A) – 3
(B) O
(C) 1
(D) 3

Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms

B-1.
If ke Rand the middle term of
+2
is 1120, then value of k is:

(A) 3
(B) 2
(C) -3
(D) - 4

The remainder when 22003 is divided by 17 is : (A) 1

(B) 2
(C) 8
(D) 7

The last two digits of the number 3400 are: (A) 81

(B) 43
(C) 29
(D) 01

The last three digits in 10 ! are : (A) 800

(B) 700
(C) 500
(D) 600
10
"Cris equal
B-5.
The value ofr.
'r. nort
-
is equal to
r=1

(A) 5 (2n -9)

(B) 10 n
(C) 9 (n – 4)
(D) n -2

B-6.
X
r=0

n (n-1)

(A),
(B) "+1
(C) (n+1)
(C) (1
(D) 2 (n+1)

B-7.
Find numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 3x), when x = 3/2. (A)
°C.. 29(3/2)12 (B) °Cz. 29. (3/2)6 (C) C5.29 (3/2)10 (D) °C4:29. (3/2)8

B-8.
The greatest integer less than or equal to (2 + 1)6 is (A) 196
(B) 197
(C) 198
(D) 199

B-9.
N
Let (5 + 2V6 = p + f, where ne N and p (A) a natural number (C) a prime number
and 0 <f< 1, then the value of f2 – f + pf - p is:

(B) a negative integer (D) an irrational number

Section (C): Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of

binomial coefficients

C.1. "çou are a

....

. * "

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

C2. The value of our

(a) mini
...+(-1) in g :
c) anton
n
+
1
(A)

Bmg 1
(C) 3(n+1)

(D) none of these

(D) none of these
+

C-3.
The value of the expression 47C + >
52-ic, is equal to:

(A) 47C6
(B) 5°C (C)"C (D) *C C4. The value or (0) ) 60 (69)
+...+(29) Co is where "c, = ()

Section (D): Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

D-1.
If x (A) n
< 1, then the co-efficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x + x2 + x3 +.......)2 is
(B)n-1
(C)n + 2
(D) n + 1

D-2.
The co-efficient of x4 in the expansion of (1 – X + 2x2) 12 is: (A) 12C3
(B) 13C3
(C) 14C4
(D) 12C3+ 3 13C3 + 1404
D-3.
If (1 + x) 10 = a + ax + a,x? +.....+ a,, x10, then value of (a-a, + 24 - 2. + ag – 2,0)2 +
(a, - a2 + a, - a, + a)2 is (A) 210
(B) 2
(C) 220
(D) None of these

EXERCISE-2

PART-1: ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1.
Consider the following statements :
s,:
The term independent of x in (1 + x)m(1+) is manca
Sz:
(1 + x) (1 + x + x2) (1 + x + x2 + x3)...... (1 + x + x2 +...... + x100) when written
in the ascending
power of x then the highest exponent of x is 5000.
n-r

Sz:
If
WI
n-kc, = *C, then x = n and y = r + 1
k=1

S4:
If (1 + x + x2)" = a + ax + a, x2 + ...... + azn x2n, then a + a, + a + ....... + azn

State, in order, whether S, S,, S2, S, are true or false (A) TFTE
(B) TTTT
(C) FFFF
(D) TFTF

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

2.
The co-efficient of x in the expansion of (1 + x)21 + (1 + x)22 +...... + (1
+ x)30 is : (A) 51C
(B) °C
(C) 31C6 - 21C6 (D) 30C5 + 2005

100

The coefficient of x52 in the expansion

100 Cm (x – 3)100-m. 2m is :
m
=0
(A) 100C47
(B) 100C
(C) –100C
(D) – 100,00
(D) –100C 100

The sum of the coefficients of all the integral powers of x

in the expansion of (1+27x)"is : (A) 36 + 1 (B) 360 – 1
(B) 340 – 1 (C) 2(360 – 1) (D)(3* + 1)
(A) 340 + 1
- 1)
(340 + 1)

70

5.
\
X+1 X-1 The coefficient of the term independent of x in the expansion of ^
(x3 – x3 +1 x-x2)
X

(A) 70
(B) 112
(C) 105
(D) 210

Coefficient of xn - 1 in the expansion of, (x + 3)n + (x + 3)n-1 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n-2 (x +

2)2 +..... + (x + 2)n is : (A) n+1C2(3)
(B) N-1C2(5)
(C) n+1C2(5)
(D) "C2(5)

Let f(n) = 100 + 3.4n+2+ 5, n e N. The greatest value of the integer which divides
f(n) for all n is : (A) 27
(B) 9
(C) 3
(D) None of these

n.

ar
(101)100
a, x' and b, = 1 +
-, then n equals to :
ar-1.
r=1
If (1 + x)" = 2
r=0 (A) 99
(B) 100
(C) 101
(D) 102

9.
-
+
-
t
.

2!(n-2)!
- is equal to : 1!(n-1)!
The sum –
1!(n-1)!

Power of real gurus (A) 7 (29-1-1) (B) (2– 1)

(C) (20-1-1) (D) none
n
!

10.
The sum
+ 1) C2 is equal to :
r
=
0

(n + 2) (2n - 1)! (A) n! (n − 1)!

(n + 2) (2n + 1)! (B) n! (n − 1)!
(n + 2) (2n + 1)! (C) n! (n + 1)!
(D
(n + 2) (2n - 1)! n ! (n + 1)!

11.
If (1 + x + x2 + x3)5 = a + ax + a,x2 +..... (A) 99
(B) 101
(C) 100
..... + 2,5x15, then ao equals to :
(D) 110

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

12. 12.-3. the value or

r=0
r=0

(A) za
(Baa
(C) na,
(D) O

13.
The sum of: 3."C.-8."C, + 13."C, - 18."C, +.... upto (n+1) terms is : (A) zero
(B) 1
(C)2
(D) none of these

11n
4.
The number of terms in the expansion of x' +1+
,ne N, is :

(A) 2n
(B) 3n
(C) 2n + 1
(D) 3n + 1

PART - || : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

In the expansion of i
+

-
(A) the number of irrational terms is 19 (C) the number of rational terms is 2
(B) middle term is irrational (D) 9th term is rational

The coefficient of x4 in
(1+x)2 (1-x) , 1 *[ < 1, is

(A) 4
(B) -4
(C) 10 + 4C_
I
(D) 16
3.
79 + 97 is divisible by : (A) 16
(B) 24
(C) 64
(D) 72
= I + f, where I, n are integers and 0 <f< 1, then :

(D) 1 - f = (9 - 180)
(A) I is an odd integer (B) I is an even integer (C) (I + f) (1 –
f) = 1
Power of real gurus

-1)-7 nC,(a-r) is equal to :

The sum of the series >
r=1

(A) 5 if a = 5
(B) -5 if a = 5
(C) -5 if a = -5
(D) 5 if a = -5

1000
Let an = =
– for ne N, then a is greatest, when
n!

(A) n = 997
(B) n = 998
(C) n = 999
(D) n = 1000

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

7.
Co-2.3 C, + 3.32 "C, - 4.33 nCZ +..........+ (-1)" (n +1) C. 31 is equal to
(A) 29 ( 39 +1) if n is even
(B) 2-(n+ifnis even
if n is even

(C)–2" ( 39 +1) if n is odd

(D) 2"(n+ if n is odd
n
+

8.
The sum of the co-efficients in the expansion of (1 – 2x + 5x2)n is a and the sum of
the co-efficients in the expansion of (1 + x)2n is b. Then : (A) a = b
(B) (X - a)2 + (x - 5)2 = 0, has real roots (C) sin2 a + cos2 b = 1
(D) ab = 1

Element in set of values of r for which, 18C7-2 + 2. 18CF-1 + 18C, > 20013 is :
(A) 9
(B) 5
(C)7
(D) 10

If the expansion of (3x + 2)-1/2 is valid in ascending powers of x, then x lies in the interval. (A)
(0, 2/3)
(B) (-3/2, 3/2) (C) (-2/3, 2/3)
(D) (-0, -3/2) u (3/2, 0)

11.
If (1 + 2x + 3x2) 10 = a + ax + a,x2 + ... + a20x20, then : (A) a, = 20
(B) az = 210
(C) 24 = 8085
(D) a20 = 22. 37. 7

In the expansion of (x + y + z)25 (A) every term is of the form 25C. "Ck. X25 -1 yr -
k zk (B) the coefficient of x8 yo zo is 0 (C) the number of terms is 325 (D) none of
these
If (1 + x + 2x2)20 = a + ax + a,x2 +......... + a_0x40, then a + a, + a....... + az is equal
to : (A) 219 (230 + 1) (B) 219(220 – 1) (C) 239 – 219
(D) 239 + 219
CAS2* * * * * * * * *

+
1

Bower of real qurus

(n+1
n+113
(A) Less than
(B) Greater than or equal to
12

(C) Less than (n!)3

(D) Greater than or equal to (n!)3.

15.
If recursion polynomials P (x) are defined as P/(x) = (x - 2)2, P2 (x) = ((x - 2)2 – 2)2
P3 (x) = ((x - 2)2 – 2)2 – 2)2 .......... (In general Pk (x) = (PK-1 (x) –
2), then the constant term in Pk (x) is (A) 4
(B) 2
(C) 16
(D) a perfect square

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

PART - III : COMPREHENSION

Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions. A

chemist decided to determine the molecular formula of an unknown
compound. He collects following informations : (1) Compounds contains 2 : 1 'H' to
'O' atoms(number of atoms). (II) Compounds has 40% C by mass (III)
Approximate molecular mass of the compound is 178 g
(IV) Compound contains C, H and O only. Comprehension #1 (Q. No. 1 to
3)

Let P be a product given by P = (x + a) (x + a,) ......... (x + a)

and
Let S = a, + a, + ....... + a = 2a;

Ea.aj, S = E
Xa.aj.@k and so on,
i=1

i<j<k
then it can be shown that
P = xn + S, xn-1 + S, xn-2 + ......... + S

The coefficient of x8 in the expression (2 + x)2 (3 + x)2 (4 + x)4 must be (A) 26

(B) 27
(C) 28
(D) 29

The coefficient of x203 in the expression (x - 1) (x2 – 2) (x3 – 3) .......... (x20 – 20)
must be (A) 11
(B) 12
(C) 13
(D) 15

The coefficient of y98 in the expression of (x - 1)(x - 2) ........ (x – 100) must be (A) 12
+ 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002 (B) (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32
+ ....... + 1002)

(C) =((1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ... +

1002)]
(D) None of these
Comprehension #2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)

Consider, sum of the series

2
f(i) f()
0<i<jsn

In the given summation, i andj are not independent.

In the sum of series

f(0

3 (0) +C) = 3 to 20i and jare independent. In this

summation, three
In the sum of series 2
FO)
i and j are independent. In this summation, three
i=1
j=1
i=1
j=1

types of terms occur, those when i <j, i > j and i = j. Also, sum of terms when i <j
is equal to the sum of the terms when i > j if f(i) and f(j) are symmetrical.
So, in that case
n

EF0F() = f(070)
i=1 j=1
Osi<jsn

+
f(f() + Ef(f(i)
Osi<jsn
i=j

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 BINOMIAL THEOREM

= 2 & Eropa) +
EE rome
O<i<<n

{{4080) Els romane e

Scores
1=1
i

Osi<jsn

When f(i) and f(j) are not symmetrical, we find the sum by listing
all the terms.

EL "C, "c, is
equal to
Osi<jsn

may 20
poena
(ey 20
cm
(0,201
cm
og
2010

☺ ☺ "Cm.mCp
is equal to
m
=0 p=0

(A) 2n–1
(B)
 31
(C) 39–1
(D) 21

6.
EE ("C; +
"C;)
Osisjsn

(A) n21
(B) (n +
1)2"
(C) (n −
1)21
(D) (n + 1)2n–
1

PART - IV: MATCH THE COLUMN

Column - 1
Column - 11

(A)
If (r + 1)th term is the first negative term in the
expansion of (1 + x)72 , then the value of r
(where | < 1) is
(P)
divisible by 2

The coefficient of y in the expansion of

(y2 + 1/y)5 is
divisible by 5

divisible by 10
"C, is divisible by n, (1 <r<n) if
n is

The coefficient of x4 in the

expression
 the expression real gurus (3)
(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ......up to 6)1/2 is c, (ce N), then c + 1
(where | x | < 1) is
(s)

aprime
numb

EXERCISE-3

PART-1: JEE (MAIN) I AIEEE PROBLEMS

(PREVIOUS YEARS)
1.
The coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x + 3x2
+......)-3/2 is : (1) 21
(2) 25
(3) 26
[AIEEE 2002] (4) none of these

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BINOMIAL
THEOREM

2.
The number of integral terms in the
expansion
[AIEEE
2003]
(1)
32
(2)
 33
(3)
34
(4)
35.

27

[AIEEE
2003]
If x is positive, the first negative term in the expansion of
(1+x) 5 is : (1) 7th term
(2) 5th
term
(3) 8th
term
(4) 6th
term.

The coefficient of the middle term in the binomial expansion in powers of x of (1 +

ax)4 and of (1 – ax) is the same, if a equals :
[AIEEE
2004]
ow

[AIEEE
2004]
The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 – x)"
is (1)(n-1)
(2) (-1)" (1 – n) (3) (−1)n-1(n −
1)2
(4) (-1)n-
1n

&
, and , = 6, then it is
equal to
[AIEEE
2004]
 r=0

19,
-
(1)
(2) -11
(3) n–1

(4)
29-1

If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th and (r +2)th terms in the binomial expansion of (1 +y)" are
in AP, then m and r satisfy the equation :
[AIEEE 2005, (3,0), 225]
(1) m2 – m(4r – 1) + 482 + 2 = 0.
(2) m2 – m(4r +1) + 4r2 – 2 =
0. (3) m2 – m(4r+1) + 4p2 + 2 = 0.
(4) m? – m(4r – 1) + 482
– 2 = 0.

8.
The value of
50C +
56-1C,
is :
[AIEEE 2005, (3,
0), 225]

(1)
°C,
(2)
56
CZ
(3)
55C
 Z
(4)
55
C

(1+x)312 -
(1+2x) may
be
If x is so small that x3 and higher powers of x may be neglected, then
Over On Teal OUTUS

approximated
as :

(1-x)1/2 [AIEEE 2005, (3,0), 225] (4) 1- * *?

(
1
)
X
2
(2) -
B*2
(3) 3x
+ * x2
10.
If the expansion in powers of x of the
function 7
- ax)(1
[AIEEE 2006, (3,-1),
120]
 a + ax + a_x2 + 2x3 + .......,
then a, is :

(a" - 61
an+1 –
bn+1
bn+1 -
an+1
(2) anxy
(2
)
b-a
hua
3) 6nx
(3)
bn-a
b-a
bua

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

11.

12.
For natural numbers m, n if (1 - y)" (1 + y)"= 1 + a,y + a,y2 + ..... and a, = a, = 10,
then (m, n) is :
[AIEEE 2006,(3,-1), 120] (1)(35,
20) (2) (45, 35) (3) (35, 45) (4)
(20,45) The sum of the series 2°C – 20C, +2°C; – 20C+ ..

+ 20C, is [AIEEE 2007, (3, -1), 120] (1) _20070 (2) 2007 (3)0
(4) 20C,0
12
13.
Statement-1:
C (r + 1) TMC, = (n + 2) 2n–1
[AIEEE 2008, (3,-1), 105]
r=0

Statement-2 :
(r + 1) "c, x = (1 + x)" + nx (1 + x)" - 1
r=0

(1) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for

Statement-1. (2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a
correct explanation for Statement-1 (3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True

14.
Let S = Ži() – 1) 100,, S, = Žj 100, and S, = Žja 100
[AIEEE 2009, (4,-1), 144]
j=1
j=1

Statement -1: Sa = 55 29 Statement -2: S, = 90 ~ 28 and S, = 10 * 28. (1)

Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for
Statement -1. (2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false. (3) Statement -1 is false,
Statement -2 is true. (4) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct
explanation for Statement-1.

15.
The coefficient of x? in the expansion of (1 – X– x2 + x3)6 is : (1) 144
(2) – 132
(3) – 144
[AIEEE 2011,(4,-1), 120] (4) 132

If n is a positive integer, the

[AIEEE 2012,(4,-1), 120]

(1) an irrational number (3) an even positive integer

ower of re
(2) an odd positive integer (4) a rational number other than positive integers
X-1
110

17.
The term independent of x in expansion of
X+1 X213 - X1/3+1
213
X-X112
is :[AIEEE - 2013, (4, -14),120]

(1) 4
(2) 120
(3) 210
(4) 310

18.
If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the expansion of (1 + ax + bx) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of
x are both zero, then (a, b) is equal to
[JEE(Main) 2014,(4, -1/4), 120]

(1)(14,272)
(2) (16.272)
(3) (16.251)
67(14.251)

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

19.
The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the binomial expansion of (1-2 vx )50
is :

[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, -14), 120]

(1) 3 (350+1)
(2) 3 (350
(3) 3(360–1)
(4) =(250 +1)

If the number of terms in the expansion of 1--+- | ,x60, is 28, then the sum of the
coefficients of
X x2

all the terms in this expansion, is

(JEE (Main) 2016] (1) 729
(2) 64
(3) 2187
(4) 243

The value of (21C, – 10C,) + (21C2 – 10C2) + (21C3 –

10C3) +(2104 – 100q) + ...... +(21C10 – 10C10) is
[JEE (Main) 2017] (1) 221 – 211
(2) 221 – 210
(3) 220 – 29
(4) 220 – 210

22.
The sum of the co-efficients of all odd degree terms in the expansion of

(x+Vx2-1)+(x-Vx2-1)(x> 1) is:
-
V

(JEE (Main) 2018]

(1) 1
(2)2
(3) —1
(4)0

PART - II : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS) 1. If

in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1 – x)", the coefficients of x and x2 are 3 and - 6
 respectively, then mis
[IIT-JEE - 1999 Part - 1, (2, 0), 200] (A) 6
(B) 9
(C) 12
(D) 24.
C

2.
For 2 <rsn,
D

[IIT-JEE-2000, Scr, (1, 0), 35]

N

For 2srsn. (°) +2,-1) +(3^2) =

(B) 2 (+1)
(n+1)
+

(C) 2 (0+2)
(0) (0+2)

3.
For any positive integer m, n (with n 2 m), let
= nCm. Prove that
(m)
ou

ce or otherwise, prove that

(m
+1]"

() - CO) -(6-2)... -CM) = (n = 1). Hence or

otherwise, prove that () + 2(n") + (m2) = +
(n=m+1(%) +(632). IT JE 200, Main, (8, 9, 100)
2)
n+2)
+... + (n - m
+ 1)
[IIT-JE
[IIT-JEE 2000, Main, (6,0), 100]
m
2)

4.
a/b equals:
[IIT-JEE-2001, Scr, (1, 0), 35]

n -5

(A) " 6
(B) "54
(D)n-5

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

$. The sum (19) (22.). (where @) -o, if p < a) is

maximum when 'mis:
The sum
= 0, if p < q) is maximum when'm'is:
m
-i

(A) 5
[IIT-JEE-2002, Scr, (3, -1), 90]
(D) 20
(B) 10
(C) 15

Coefficient of t24 in (1 + t2)12 (1 + +12) (1 + t24) is: (A) 12C8 + 3

(B) 1208 + 1
(C) 12C6
[IIT-JEE-2003, Scr, (3, -1), 84]
(D) 12C6 + 2
C

7. Prove that 2 (0) Q-2-(0)6 =1) +2+2 () (+2) - - +-

1402)(*)*)=Q.

If (n − 1)C, = (k2 – 3) "Cry then an interval in which k lies is (A) (2, c) (B) (-
00, -2) (C) | 13,13]
[UIT-JEE-2003, Main, (2, 0), 60] [IIT-JEE-2004, Scr, (3, -1), 84]
(D) (13,2]
The value of
[IIT-JEE-2005, Scr, (3, -1), 84]

(D) None of these

10.
For r = 0, 1, ...., 10, let A, B, and C, denote, respectively, the coefficient of x' in the expansions
of
10

(1 + x)10 , (1 + x)20 and (1 + x)30 . Then

A,(B10B, -C10A,) is equal to
r=1

(A) В,.-C,0
(B)A40 (B?,. -CoA,) (C)0
(D) C10-B,0
11.
The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n+5 are in the ratio 5: 10:14. Then
n=
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, -1)/60]
Coefficient of x1 in the expansion of (1 + x2)4 (1 + x3)? (1 + x4)12 is
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3,-1)/60] (A) 1051
(B) 1106
(C) 1113
(D) 1120

The coefficient of xo in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 + x3) ...... (1 + x100) is

[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4,0) / 80]

14.
Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
(1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 + ....... + (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C, for some
positive integer n. Then the value of n is
[JEE (Advanced) 2016, 3]

12

15.
15.
Let X =

Let x = (1°C,)? +2(1°c,)* +3(1oc3)? +...+10("°C.),

where 10C,, VE {1, 2, ..., 10} denote
binomial coefficients. Then, the value of - -X
1430
is
[JEE (Advanced) 2018, 3]

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BINOMIAL THEOREM

ANSWERS
EXERCISE - 1
PART-I

11. « (b)* -5 (3) + 10() - 10 () + 6()* - CD (1) y* +

8y* + 2ay * * A3 0*C (m) – 27.126, 14. Po , no , ab
=1

(2n)!

B-2. B-3. B-4. B-5. B-6. B-7. B-8.

35x 35y
(ii) (-1)n mini xh ух Co-efficient of middle term (1 + x)2n = 2nn 2ncn = 2n–1Cn-1 +
2n-1Cn (i) 4

(ii) 1 (iii) 3, 03, 803 10150 TA = – 455 x 312 and Tg = 455 x 312 (i) T4
(676 +
(ii) T5, T6 (iii) T5 (iv) To 1 - f, if n is even and f, if n is odd [+f=

14)2n+ 1 = 2n + 1C,(616 J2n+ 1 + 2n + 1C,(6/6 )2n. 14

+ ..... fp = (676 – 14)2n + 1 = 2n + 1C,(676 )2n + 1 – 2n
+ 1C,(676 )2n . 14 +..... I +f – f' = 2 [2n + 1C,(6/6 )21 .
14 + ......]
= [+f-f' = Even Integer = I = Even integer f-f' = 0
1+ 1
= 2n +
2n + 1 + 2n + 10

n+1=
2n + 10
+1_
2n + 10
C-1.
(i)
Cn + ...... +
(C. + 3C. + 32C. +
C1 C2 ..+ 3 C)- | Co+ +
2.22
.
2
=4n

31
23n - 3

=29= = -2. Wer of real gurus

n(n+1)
= 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + (n − 1) + n =

-
n + 10
in +10
2
.
.

(i) (C, + C,VC, + C)..(. + C)

= (*16.)* C...(-C.)= (+ 1) C) (177C.). :?.Com]
= (799.C.C...Com

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PACE # 23
Fouver creare

BINOMIAL THEOREM

(iv) (1 + x)" = Co + C,x + ............+ C X"

*(1 + x)" = Cox + C,x2 + ............+ C x1+1 Differentiating w.rit. x (1 +
x)" + n x (1 + x)n-1 = Co + 2C,x + ... + (n + 1) Cx Putting x = -1
Co-20, + ..........+ (-1)" (n + 1) C = 0 (1 + x)" = "Co + "C,x + ...........+ C
x
-2.

Cnx"+112
|(1+x)" dx = CX +
- Cox+ Cit?
n+1

22C1
2.C. +
01
+
.... +

C-3.
3n+1 -1.
2n+1C
| n+1
02

n+1 "C, + n-1C, + ...... + 'C, = Co-efficient of x' in (1 + x)" + (1 + x)n-1 + ..... + (1
+ x)"

In-r+1

[(1+x)n-+1-17
= Co-efficient of x' in (1 + x)" |

C-4.
= Co-efficient of x'+1 in (1 + x)n+1 = n+1C/-4 (i) (1 + x)" = Co + C, X +
......... + Cn xn
(x + 1)n = Coxn + C, xn-1 + ......... + CoC3 + C,C4 + ............ + Cn-
3Cn = Co-efficient of xn-3 in (1 + x)2n = 2nn-3 CoC, + C,Cr+y + ............ + Cn-rCn
= co-efficient of xn-r in (1+x)2n
= 2nn-r
(1 + x)n = Co + C, X+ ......... + Cn xn (x - 1)n = Coxn – C, xn-1 + ......... +(-1) Cn
C2-C,2 +.............+(-1) "C2 = co-efficient of xn in (x2 – 1)n = 0 if n is
odd = nCno(-1)n/2 if n is even
15015
 D-1.
16

15015
Power of real gurus (1+x)"(16 – 3x)2 (1–3x).
4(1 x)
(8 + x)213 — = 8/1, 2x 12 = (1-34-32*) (?-X)
3
1-4

D-3. (1)280
(ii) 25
D-4.
20

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Fouver creare

BINOMIAL THEOREM

A-
1. A-
8. B-
5.
C-3.
(C) (C)
(A)
(C)
A-2.
 A-9.
B-6.
C-4.
(C) (C) (A) (B)
A-3. (A) A-
10. (B)
B-7.
(A) D-1.
(D)
PART - II A-
4. (B) B-1.
(B) B-8.
(B) D-2. (D)
A-5. B-2. B-9. D-3.
(A)
(C)
(B)
(A)
A-6.
B-3.
C-1.
(A) (D) (B)
A-7. B-4. C-2.
(B)
(A)
(C)

EXERCISE - 2

1.
8.
(A)
(B)
 2.
9.
(C)
(C)
3.
10.
(B)
(A)
PART-I 4. (D) 11. (B)
5.
12.
(D)
(D)
6.
13.
(C)
(A)
7.
14.
(B)
(C)

PART - II

1
. 8.
(ABCD)
2.
(ABC)
9. (AD)
(CD)
 3. (ACD)
10.
(AC) 4.
(AC)
11.
(ACD) 5.
(ABC)
12.
(AC) 6.
(AB) 13.
(CD)
7.
(BC)
14.
(AC)
(BD)

1.
(D)
2.
(C)
3.
(C)
PART-III 4.
(A)
5.
(B)
6.
 (A)

PART - IV (A)
→ (q, s), (B) → (p, q, r), (C) → (s),
(D) → (p, s)
1.

1. 8.
(4) (1)
2. 9.
(2)
(2)
(1)
3
10.
17.
(3)
(3
(3)
EXERCISE - 3
PART-I 4. (3)
5.
11. (3) 12. 18 (2) 19.
(2)
(2)
(1)
6
13.
20.
(1)
(1)
(1
 7 14.
21
(2)
(2)
(4)

PART-I
- ni
(D)
Com + n-10.m + 1-2cm + .............+
mcm = Co-efficient of xm in (1+x)" + (1+x)n-1 +
....... + (1+x)"

(1+x)n-m+1
n-m
+1

= Co-efficient of xm in
(1+x)m

m+1

= n+1Cmty S = "cm + 2. n-1cm + 3. n-2cm + .. → S =

Co-efficient of xm in (1+x)" + 2.(1+x)n-1 + 3(1+x)n-2 +.......
S' = (1+x)" + 2.(1+x)n-1 + 3(1+x)n-2 +.......... +
(n=m+1)(1+x)"
S'
v = (1+x)n-1 + 2.(1+x)n-2 + ... + (n-m+1)
(1+x)m-1
Let
......
(i)

.......
(ii)

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Fouver creare
BINOMIAL THEOREM

from (i) – (ii)

XS
= (1+x)" + (1+x)n-1 +...+(1+x)m-(n-m+1)(1+x)m-1
1+x

XS
(1+x)n-m+1 -1
- 1+x
= (1+x)"
'
- (n=m+1)(1+x)m-1

.
(1+x))+2 – (1+x)"+1
(n - m + 1)(1+x)"
x2

S = Co-efficient of ym in S' = n+2Cmes

m
+2

LD ON
(D)

S = 2k nCo. "Ck – 2k-1 nc, n-10x_q + 2K-2 nC, n-

2Cx-2 +.....
k
r
(-1) nc, n-rckr_2k1
(-
1)'
=>
_
S=
>
S=
> r=0
n! (n-r)!.2k-1 r!(n – r)!* (n – k)!(k –r)!
r=0

n!
k!

- ŠK1", 24 millone, e cila do = 20/(1-3)*--C6

2k-r
nCk
k!(n-k)! * r !(k-r)!
co o
@@@
12. 13. 14.
(C) 8 5 646.00

Power of real gurus

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Fouver creare