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Practical 1a

Students will design and implement a simple embedded system using an Arduino and a temperature sensor to measure temperature and control an LED indicator. The project involves setting up the hardware, programming the microcontroller, and testing the system to observe real-time temperature feedback. The exercise aims to reinforce understanding of embedded systems' characteristics, including application-specific design and real-time operation.

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4 views3 pages

Practical 1a

Students will design and implement a simple embedded system using an Arduino and a temperature sensor to measure temperature and control an LED indicator. The project involves setting up the hardware, programming the microcontroller, and testing the system to observe real-time temperature feedback. The exercise aims to reinforce understanding of embedded systems' characteristics, including application-specific design and real-time operation.

Uploaded by

clinton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Building a Simple Embedded System: Temperature Sensor with an LED Indicator

Objective:
Students will design and implement a simple embedded system that measures temperature and
provides feedback using an LED, demonstrating real-time functionality and application-specific
design.

Materials:
 Arduino board (or any microcontroller)
 Temperature sensor (e.g., LM35 or DHT11)
 LED
 Resistors (220 ohms for the LED)
 Breadboard and jumper wires
 Laptop with Arduino IDE installed
 USB cable for programming the Arduino

Step-by-Step Instructions:
1. Setup (10 minutes):
o Connect the temperature sensor to the Arduino:
 VCC (power) to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
 GND (ground) to the GND pin.
 Data pin to any analog input pin (e.g., A0).
o Connect the LED to the breadboard:
 Connect one leg of the LED (longer leg) to a digital pin (e.g., D3) through
a 220-ohm resistor.
 Connect the shorter leg to GND.
2. Programming the Microcontroller (20 minutes):
o Open the Arduino IDE and write the following code:
int sensorPin = A0; // Analog pin connected to the temperature sensor
int ledPin = 3; // Digital pin connected to the LED
int threshold = 30; // Temperature threshold in Celsius

void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set the LED pin as output
Serial.begin(9600); // Start the serial communication
}

void loop() {
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin); // Read sensor data
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0); // Convert to voltage
float temperature = voltage * 100.0; // Convert to Celsius (for LM35)
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.println(" °C");

if (temperature > threshold) {


digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on the LED if temperature exceeds threshold
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off the LED otherwise
}
delay(1000); // Wait 1 second
}
o Upload the code to the Arduino board using the USB cable.
3. Testing the System (15 minutes):
o Open the serial monitor in the Arduino IDE to observe the temperature readings.
o Increase the temperature (e.g., by holding the sensor between your fingers).
o Observe how the LED turns on when the temperature exceeds the threshold (30°C
in this example).
4. Discussion and Reflection (15 minutes):
o Discuss how this system exemplifies the key characteristics of embedded systems:
 Application-Specific: Designed to monitor temperature and respond.
 Real-Time Operation: Immediate response to temperature changes.
 Reliability: Consistent performance with minimal resources.
o Explore modifications, such as adding a buzzer or using a networked system to
send temperature data to a smartphone.

Expected Outcome:
Students will have hands-on experience building and programming a basic embedded system,
reinforcing theoretical knowledge and understanding of embedded systems' practical
applications.

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