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CPU Tasks & Types of Buses

The CPU is responsible for executing instructions through a series of tasks: fetching, decoding, executing, storing, and controlling operations. It communicates with other components via three types of buses: data bus for transferring data, address bus for memory addressing, and control bus for managing operations. The width of these buses influences the amount of data and memory that can be handled by the system.

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10 views2 pages

CPU Tasks & Types of Buses

The CPU is responsible for executing instructions through a series of tasks: fetching, decoding, executing, storing, and controlling operations. It communicates with other components via three types of buses: data bus for transferring data, address bus for memory addressing, and control bus for managing operations. The width of these buses influences the amount of data and memory that can be handled by the system.

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Naaga Sekhar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Primary Tasks of a CPU:

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer, responsible for
executing instructions and performing calculations. The primary tasks of a CPU
include:
1. Fetch: The CPU retrieves (or fetches) an instruction from memory (RAM). The
instruction is stored in the program counter (PC) which keeps track of the
address of the next instruction to be executed.
2. Decode: The CPU decodes the fetched instruction to understand what
operation is required. It translates the instruction into signals that control the
various parts of the CPU.
3. Execute: The CPU performs the operation defined by the instruction. This
may involve arithmetic or logical operations, data movement between
registers, or other tasks.
4. Store: After executing the instruction, the CPU may store the result back in
memory or a register, depending on the instruction.
5. Control: The CPU's control unit (CU) orchestrates the operations of the CPU
by sending control signals to different parts of the system, such as the
arithmetic logic unit (ALU) or memory, ensuring the correct sequence of
operations.
Types of Buses:
A bus is a communication system that transfers data between the CPU and other
components of the computer, like memory, input/output devices, etc. There are
three main types of buses in a computer system:
1. Data Bus:
o The data bus carries the actual data being transferred between
components of the computer, such as between the CPU and RAM or
input/output devices.
o The width of the data bus (number of bits it can carry at a time)
determines how much data can be transferred. A wider data bus allows
more data to be transferred simultaneously.
2. Address Bus:
o The address bus carries the memory addresses that the CPU wants to
read from or write to. It determines where data should be retrieved
from or where data should be stored in memory.
o The width of the address bus determines the amount of memory the
system can address. For example, a 32-bit address bus can address 4
GB of memory.
3. Control Bus:
o The control bus carries control signals that manage the operations of
the CPU and other components. These signals include read/write
signals, interrupt signals, and clock signals.
o The control bus ensures that different parts of the system work
together in synchronization.

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