Programming XC on XMOS Devices

Douglas Watt

Updated versions of this document are available at:

XC Programming Guide: http://www.xmos.com/xc-programming-guide
XC Specification: http://www.xmos.com/xc-specification
Programming XC on XMOS Devices
by Douglas Watt

The authors have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied
warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed
for direct, indirect, incidential or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use
of the information or programs contained herein. No representation is made that the information or
programs are or will be free from any claims of infringement and again, the authors shall have no
liability in relation to any such claims.

Copyright © 2009 by XMOS Limited.

Cover photo by Jason Mayes, copyright © 2009 by XMOS Limited.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Trademarks: XMOS and the XMOS logo are registered trademarks of XMOS Limited in the United
Kingdom and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks
are property of their respective owners. Where those designations appear in this book, and XMOS
was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in
all capitals.

The authors typeset this book using LATEX in Lucida Bright, Lucida Sans and Computer Modern Type-
writter. Tom Hunt produced the XMOS documentation build system.

XMOS also publishes its books in electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be
available in electronic books.

For information on XMOS products, visit us on the Web: www.xmos.com.

Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any Web addresses or links contained in this book
may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid.

Printed and bound by CPI Antony Rowe , Chippenham.

ISBN: 978-1-907361-00-5 (PBK)

ISBN: 978-1-907361-03-6

Published by XMOS Limited.

 .30 @3  

4$   K46R$RUK$ $=9$L  ?;6=R6?= ?* 6=R$K*$! #626R9 L62=9 AK?$LL6=2

=# ?=RK?9 *U=R6?=L R? $ A$K*?K;$# 6= L?*RWK$D
=   #$V6$ ?=L6LRL ?* ?=$ ?K
;?K$ ?K$L! $4 ?;AK6L6=2 = $V$=R5#K6V$= ;U9R65R4K$#$# AK?$LL?K K46R$R$#
*?K K$95R6;$ A$K*?K;=$ W6R4 R624R9Y 6=R$2KR$# Q =# ?=546A ;$;?KYD 4
AK?$LL?K 4L 4K#WK$ LUAA?KR *?K $X$UR6=2 L$V$K9 R4K$#L ?=UKK$=R9Y =# 4L
#$#6R$# 6=LRKUR6?=L *?K 6=AUR =# ?URAURD

Link to another device

XCore 0 XCore 1
Thread 0 Thread 0
Channel Ends

Thread 1 Thread 1

Thread 2 Thread 2

Thread 3 Thread 3
Ports

Ports

Thread 4 Switch Thread 4

Pins

Channel Ends

Thread 5 Thread 5
Pins

Thread 6 Thread 6

Thread 7 Thread 7

Memory Memory

4$ K46R$RUK$ 6L #$R$K;6=6LR6! W6R4 $4 R4K$# 2UK=R$$#  L96$ ?* R4$ AK?5
$LL6=2D 4$ R4K$#L = $X$UR$ ?;AURR6?=L! 4=#9$ K$95R6;$ Q ?A$KR6?=L
=# K$LA?=# R? ;U9R6A9$ $V$=RLD 4$ Q A6=L = $ L;A9$# ?K #K6V$= UL6=2 
L6=29$ 6=LRKUR6?=! =# #R KR$L = $ ?=RK?99$# UL6=2 R6;$KL ?K 9?8LD
46245
A$K*?K;=$ LW6R4 $=9$L ?;;U=6R6?= $RW$$= AK?$LL?KL =# ;8$L 6R $LY
+D :HOFRPH WR ;026

R? ?=LRKUR LYLR$;L *K?; ;U9R6A9$ #$V6$LD ?;;U=6R6?= $RW$$= R4K$#L ?=

 AK?$LL?K 6=UKL =? 9R$=Y! =# $RW$$= AK?$LL?KL R4$ 9R$=Y = $ #$R$K5
;6=$# *?K  8=?W= ?;;U=6R6?= ARR$K=D 4$ 4K#WK$ 6L #$LK6$# 6=  L$AKR$
??8 @D

;3';00+1' 3.

K?2K;L K$ WK6RR$= UL6=2  ?;6=R6?= ?* !  =# EED  AK?V6#$L $XR$=L6?=L
R?  R4R L6;A96*Y R4$ ?=RK?9 ?V$K ?=UKK$=Y! Q =# R6;$D 4$L$ $XR$=L6?=L
;A #6K$R9Y ?=R? ?K$ 4K#WK$ K$L?UK$L LU4 L R4K$#L! 4==$9L =# A?KRL!
V?6#6=2 R4$ =$$# R? ;8$ $XR$=L6V$ UL$ ?* 96KKY 99LD JL ?=LRKURL K$ #(4&
?;A696=2 6=R? L4?KR 6=LRKUR6?= L$FU$=$L! =# 2&*K$$ *K?; ;=Y L?UK$L ?*
#$#9?8! K$ ?=#6R6?=L =# ;$;?KY V6?9R6?=LD 46L ;8$L AK?2K;L $LY R?
WK6R$! U=#$KLR=# =# #$U2D 4$  9=2U2$ 6L *U99Y #$LK6$# 6= R46L ??8D

33.<
;)+@@C;

4$   R??9L K$ L$# ?=  LR=#K# $;$##$# #$V$9?A;$=R 0?W =# K$ U69R
UA?= 6=#ULRKY5LR=#K# A9R*?K;L! ;86=2 R4$; 6=RU6R6V$ =# $LY R? UL$D

;026 '(9(/230(17 (19,5210(17

;& & &33 ;1

&203,/(5 &2//(&7,21

%,1$5<

6,08/$725 %2$5' 87,/,7,(6

+$5':$5(

'(%8**(5
:HOFRPH WR ;026 D

4$ ?=UKK$=R =# K$95R6;$ A696R6$L ?* R4$ 9=2U2$ =# K46R$RUK$ K$ LUA5
A?KR$# Y R4$ R??9L R4K?U24 99 LR2$L ?* #$V$9?A;$=R

 4$ ?;A69$K R??946= LRR699Y =9YL$L 2$=$KR$# 6=KY ?#$! RR$;AR6=2

R? AK?V$ R6;6=2 LL$KR6?=L LA$6.$# 6= R4$ L?UK$D 46L K$LU9RL 6= ?#$ R4R 6L
A?KR9$ K?LL ;U9R6A9$ #$V6$L W6R4 #6+$K$=R R6;6=2 4KR$K6LR6LD

 4$ ?;A69$K R??946= 2$=$KR$L  L6=29$ 6=KY .9$ R4R 6=9U#$L 6=LRKUR6?=
=# #R L$2;$=RL *?K 99 #$V6$LD 4$ L6;U9R?K =# ?K# UR696R6$L ?A$KR$ ?=
R46L .9$ *?K;R! 46#6=2 ?;A9$X6RY *K?; R4$ AK?2K;;$KD


=  .9$ #$LK6$L R4$ RK2$R A9R*?K;! W464 ;Y 6=9U#$ =$RW?K8L ?*  

#$V6$L!  0L4 ;$;?KY! = ?L699R?K =# 
 L= 46=D  .9$L 99?W
R4$ R??9L R? *U99Y UR?;R$ LYLR$; ??R =# ?=.2UKR6?=D

 4$ ?K# UR696R6$L = ?=.2UK$  LYLR$; R? ??R *K?;  4?LR #$V$9?A;$=R !
?=5?K# 0L4 ;$;?KY ?K ?=546A  ;$;?KYD

 4$ #$U22$K 6=R$KRL W6R4 99 AK?$LL?KL ?= R4$ RK2$R A9R*?K;! AK$L$=R5
6=2  ?99$R6?= ?* R4K$#L R? R4$ AK?2K;;$K R4R = $ V6$W$# R?2$R4$KD
46L 99?WL   #$V6$L R? $ #$U22$# 6= R4$ L;$ WY L ?=V$=R6?=9
AK?$LL?KLD

4$ R??9L K$ #$LK6$# 6=  L$AKR$ UL$K 2U6#$ TD

3E @3  )+< 33-

4$ ;6= 4AR$KL 6= R46L ??8 *?K;  RUR?K69 ?= 4?W R? WK6R$  AK?2K;L *?K
R4$   K46R$RUK$D 4$ 4AR$KL K$ ?;A9$;$=R$# Y  L$R ?* AA$=#6$L R4R
AK?V6#$ R4$ *U99  LA$6.R6?= =# #$R69L ?* R4$  6;A9$;$=RR6?= ?= R4$ .KLR
2$=$KR6?= ?*   #$V6$L R4$ @D 4$ RUR?K69 LLU;$L L?;$ AK6?K AK?2K;;6=2
$XA$K6$=$D

$,' # ?UR96=$L R4$ LUAA?KR *?K ?;AURR6?= 6= ! 6=9U#6=2 K6R4;$R6

$XAK$LL6?=L! ?=RK?950?W ?=LRKURL =# *U=R6?=LD

$,' . $XA96=L 4?W R? 6=AUR =# ?URAUR #R ?= A?KRL! W464 6=R$K*$ 
#$V6$ W6R4 $XR$K=9 ?;A?=$=RLD R L4?WL 4?W R? ?=RK?9 Q #R
KR$L UL6=2 R6;$KL =# 4?W R? 6=R$K*$ ;U9R6A9$ ?;A?=$=RL UL6=2
R4$ D%2%!G LRR$;$=RD

$,' - L4?WL 4?W R? KU= ;U9R6A9$ RL8L ?=UKK$=R9Y L L$AKR$ R4K$#L R4R
UL$ 4==$9L R? ?;;U=6R$ W6R4 ?=$ =?R4$KD

$,'  #$LK6$L 4?W R? LY=4K?=6L$ Q ?A$KR6?=L R?  9?8! K$?K#6=2 =#

?=RK?996=2 ?= W464 $#2$ $4 6=AUR =# ?URAUR ?UKLD
D+ :HOFRPH WR ;026

$,'  #$;?=LRKR$L 4?W U+$KL 6= R4$ A?KRL = 6;AK?V$ ?V$K99 A$K*?K5
;=$ Y #$?UA96=2 Q ?A$KR6?=L *K?; ?;AURR6?=LD

$,' * $XA96=L 4?W R? L$K696L$ #R ?=R? Q A6=L =# 4?W R? 6=R$KAK$R =#
2$=$KR$ LRK?$ L62=9L UL6=2 U69R56= A696R6$L ?* R4$ A?KRLD

$$ 1
AK?V6#$L R4$ ?,69  9=2U2$ LA$6.R6?=D

$$ 1  AK?V6#$L R4$ ?,69  Q L$;=R6L ?* A?KRLD

$$ 1  #?U;$=RL R4$ @ 6;A9$;$=RR6?= ?* ! 6=9U#6=2 LUAA?KR *?K R4$
#6+$K$=R Q ?A$KR6?=L! R4$ A?KR5R?5A6= ;AA6=2! =# R4$ L6Z$ =#
962=;$=R ?* JL #R RYA$LD

4$ ?;AURR6?=9 *K;$W?K8 ?*  6L L6;69K R? ! 6= AKR6U9K W6R4 K$LA$R R? 6RL

RYA$ LYLR$; =# ?=RK?950?W ?=LRKURLD XA$K6$=$#  AK?2K;;$KL ;Y R4$K$*?K$
W6L4 R? K$# 4AR$KL T'P .KLR! W464 ?V$K R4$ Q =# ?=UKK$=Y ?=LRKURLD
4$L$ 4AR$KL L4?U9# $ K$# 6= ?K#$K L $4 4AR$K U69#L UA?= ?=$ARL
6=RK?#U$# 6= AK$V6?UL 4AR$KLD
$V$9?A;$=R ?* R4$   K46R$RUK$ =#  9=2U2$ K$ ?=R6=U6=2D 4$
UKK$=R 6;A9$;$=RR6?= 6L #6LULL$# 6=
AA$=#6X ! W464 9L? L$KV$L L  K?#;A
*?K *URUK$ #6K$R6?= =# LR=#K#6LR6?= ?* R4$ R$4=?9?2YD

-13E.'01@<
=Y ?* R4$ $X;A9$L ?* A?KR UL2$ W$K$ ?K626=99Y #$V$9?A$# Y $=8 U99$K *?K R4$
@ A?KRL RUR?K69 SD 4$ L$ LRU#6$L W464 #$V$9?A =  #K6V$K =# R4$K=$R
?=RK?99$K W$K$ #$V$9?A$# 7?6=R9Y W6R4 KKY =6Z$8D 64K# L?K=$ WK?R$ R4$ @
LR=#K# 96KKY #?U;$=RR6?= =# UW $##$L A6=LR86=29Y AK?#U$# 99 ?* R4$
WV$*?K; #62K;L =# 699ULRKR6?=LD

96 6X?=! $R$K $#6=2$K! ULL$99 99?A =# ;=Y ?R4$KL 4V$ K$*U99Y K$V6$W$#
#K*RL ?* R4$ =296L4 ;=ULK6ARD 4$6K ?;;$=RL! ?KK$R6?=L =# LU22$LR6?=L 4V$
L62=6.=R9Y 6;AK?V$# R4$ FU96RY ?* R4$ .=9 R$XRD
 31@1@<

# "$/,," #
@D@ $99?! ?K9#) D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @
@DT K69$L! ?=LR=RL =# XAK$LL6?=L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D T
@DTD@ ?=LR=RL D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D S
@DTDT XAK$LL6?=L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 1
@DTDS YA$ ?=V$KL6?=L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 1
@DS ?=RK?9 9?W D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P
@DSD@ *59L$ D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D P
@DSDT W6R4 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D O
@DSDS ??AL D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D O
@DSD1 K$8 =# ?=R6=U$ D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D %
@D1 U=R6?=L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D >
@D1D@ U=R6?=
K2U;$=RL D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D >
@D1DT AR6?=9
K2U;$=RL D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @[
@D1DS U9R6A9$5$RUK= U=R6?=L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @@
@D/ $6=R$KAK$RR6?= D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @T
@DP ?;AK6L?= W6R4  D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @T

.  $/,   /,$/, #-
TD@ URAURR6=2 R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @1
TDT =AURR6=2 R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @/
TDS 6R6=2 *?K  ?=#6R6?= ?= = =AUR 6= D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @/
TD1 ?=RK?996=2 Q R R$L W6R4 6;$KL D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @P
TD/ L$ RU#Y 
 BKR @C D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D @%
TDP $LA?=#6=2 R? U9R6A9$ =AURL D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D T[
TDO L$ RU#Y 
 BKR TC D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D T@
TD% K;$R$K6L$# $9$R6?= D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D TS

- " /'' 2 .)
SD@ K$R6=2 ?=UKK$=R 4K$#L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D TO
SDT 4K$# 6L7?6=R=$LL U9$L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D T%
SDTD@ X;A9$L D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D T>
viii Contents

3.3 Channel Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.3.1 Channel Disjointness Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.4 Transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.5 Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.6 Parallel Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.7 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3.8 Thread Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4 Clocked Input and Output 39

4.1 Generating a Clock Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.2 Using an External Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.3 Performing I/O on Specific Clock Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.4 Case Study: LCD Screen Driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.5 Summary of Clocking Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

5 Port Buffering 49
5.1 Using a Buffered Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.2 Synchronising Clocked I/O on Multiple Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.3 Summary of Buffered Behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6 Serialisation and Strobing 55

6.1 Serialising Output Data using a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6.2 Deserialising Input Data using a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
6.3 Inputting Data Accompanied by a Data Valid Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.4 Outputting Data and a Data Valid Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6.5 Case Study: Ethernet MII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6.5.1 MII Transmit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.5.2 MII Receive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
6.6 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

A XC Language Specification 67
A.1 Lexical Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
A.2 Syntax Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
A.3 Meaning of Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
A.4 Objects and Lvalues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
A.5 Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
A.6 Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
A.7 Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
A.8 Statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
A.9 External Declarations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
A.10 Scope and Linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
A.11 Channel Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
A.12 Invalid Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
A.13 Preprocessing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
A.14 Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Contents ix

B XC I/O Specification 111

B.1 The Functional Model of Clocked I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
B.2 Clocking, Timing and Strobing Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
B.3 Serialisation Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
B.4 Buffering Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
B.5 Conditional Input: pinseq and pinsneq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

C XS1 Implementation of XC 123

C.1 Support for XC Port Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
C.2 XS1 Port Library: <xs1.h> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
C.3 Specifying Port-to-Pin Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
C.4 Channel Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
C.5 Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Bibliography 131

Index 133
  
  
305C@@+31

 6L = 6;A$KR6V$ AK?2K;;6=2 9=2U2$ W6R4  ?;AURR6?=9 *K;$W?K8 L$#

?= D  AK?2K;L ?=L6LR ?* *U=R6?=L R4R $X$UR$ LRR$;$=RL R4R R UA?=
V9U$L LR?K$# 6= VK69$LD ?=RK?950?W LRR$;$=RL $XAK$LL #$6L6?=L! =# 9??A6=2
LRR$;$=RL $XAK$LL 6R$KR6?=D

= R4$ *?99?W6=2 L$R6?=L! ?=LRKURL R4R K$ =$W R?  ?K R4R #6+$K *K?;  K$ 
=?R$# 6= R4$ ;K26=D

484 ..3 3;.!

4$ .KLR RL8 ?*R$= A$K*?K;$# W4$= 9$K=6=2  =$W AK?2K;;6=2 9=2U2$ 6L R?
AK6=R R4$ W?K#L G$99?! W?K9#)H
LU6R9$  AK?2K; 6L L4?W= $9?WD
? 7=(:V+, ; NS+7@ F5 4

<7= C X@7+ D $
BM7=S0 C J ,::@ * Y@M:+ /" = J DO
%

4$ .KLR 96=$ ?* R46L AK?2K; R$99L R4$ ?;A69$K R? 6=9U#$ 6=*?K;R6?= *K?; R4$
4$#$K .9$ DG$/7=-D 46L .9$ ?=R6=L  #$9KR6?= ?* R4$ *U=R6?= 9C/5G)! W464
?URAURL  LRK6=2 R? LR=#K# ?URAUR! *?K $X;A9$  R$K;6=9 W6=#?W ?=  #$V$9?A;$=R
LYLR$;D
V$KY AK?2K; ;ULR ?=R6=  L6=29$ 4/5 *U=R6?=! W464 6L W4$K$ R4$ AK?2K;
$26=L $X$UR6=2D = R46L $X;A9$! 4/5 6L #$.=$# L  *U=R6?= R4R $XA$RL =?
K2U;$=RL! 6=#6R$# Y R4$ 8$YW?K# M7/$D
4$ ?#Y ?*  *U=R6?= 6L $=9?L$# 6= K$L  =# ?=R6=L LRR$;$=RL R4R
LA$6*Y ?A$KR6?=L R? $ A$K*?K;$#D = R46L $X;A9$! 4/5 ?=R6=L  L6=29$ LRR$;$=R
B 305C@@+31

R4R 99L R4$ *U=R6?= 9KGD W6R4  LRK6=2 96R$K9 L 6RL K2U;$=RD 4$ $LA$ L$FU$=$
5 #$=?R$L  =$W96=$ 4KR$KD

48B ;+.< 31<@1@< 1 F5;<<+31<

VK69$ K$AK$L$=RL  9?R6?= 6= ;$;?KY 6= W464 #R 6L LR?KK$#D
99 VK69$L
;ULR $ #$9K$# $*?K$ UL$ =# 26V$=  RYA$D 4$ ;?LR ?;;?= K6R4;$R6 RYA$L
K$ !-C =# /5GD
!-C 6L  YR$ R4R K$AK$L$=RL %56R 6=R$2K9 =U;$KL =# = /5G
K$AK$L$=RL ST56R 6=R$2K9 =U;$KLD 4$ #$9KR6?=
(5M ( O
#$9K$L ! R? $ = %56R L62=$# 4KR$K R4R R8$L V9U$L $RW$$= 5@T% =# @TOD
4$ FU96.$K D/+5%$ ?K K5D/+5%$ ;Y $ UL$# R? LA$6*Y R4$ L62=$#=$LL ?*  RYA$D
4$ #$9KR6?=
V=N73=,+ (5M ( O
#$9K$L ! R? $ = %56R U=L62=$# 4KR$K R4R R8$L V9U$L $RW$$= [ =# T//D

VK69$ ;Y $ LL62=$# = 6=6R69 V9U$D 4$ #$9KR6?=
7=S 7 . ] * 8 . AO
#$9K$L / =# 0 R? $ 6=R$2$KL! 6=6R696L$# W6R4 R4$ V9U$L [ =# @D
4$ FU96.$K !75DG ;Y $ AA96$# R? =Y VK69$ #$9KR6?= R? AK$V$=R 6RL V9U$
*K?; $6=2 4=2$# *R$K 6=6R696LR6?=D 4$ #$9KR6?=
(@=NS 7=S \ . A]]]]]]O
#$9K$L Q R? K$AK$L$=R = 6=R$2$K ?=LR=R ?* V9U$ @[[[[[[D
RR$;AR6=2 R?
;?#6*Y 6RL V9U$ *R$K 6=6R696LR6?= 6L 6=V96#D
=$ ?K ;?K$ VK69$L ?* R4$ L;$ RYA$ ;Y $ ?;6=$# R? *?K; = 119D 4$
#$9KR6?=
7=S +S &T' . $A * U * T%O
#$9K$L $G R? $ = KKY ?* R4K$$ 6=R$2$KL =# 6=6R696L$L 6R W6R4 V9U$L @! T =# SD

KKY LULK6ARL LRKR R Z$K?! L? R4$ $9$;$=RL ?* R46L KKY K$ $GR ! $G8 =#
$GJ D
LULK6AR = $ =Y 6=R$2$K $XAK$LL6?= R4R $V9UR$L R?  V96# $9$;$=R
?* R4$ KKYD

KKYL ;Y $ ?=LRKUR$# *K?; ?=$ =?R4$K R? *?K; '5&4#"#'(2#*(& KKYLD
4$ #$9KR6?=
7=S <SM7Z &U'&T' . $$A * U * T% * $2 * 1 * Q%%O
#$9K$L 4GC/O R? $  RW?5#6;$=L6?=9 KKYD 4$ .KLR #6;$=L6?= LA$6.$L  K?W!
R4$ L$?=#  ?9U;=! AK?#U6=2 R4$ ;RK6X $9?WD


@ T S
1 / P
48B ;+.< 31<@1@< 1 F5;<<+31< A

4$ LULK6ARL K$ ?K#$K$# Y R4$ 9K2$LR #6;$=L6?= .KLR L? R4R! *?K $X;A9$! R4$
V9U$ ?* 4GC/OR 8 6L TD

48B84 31<@1@<

?=LR=R 6L  R$XRU9 K$AK$L$=RR6?= ?*  V9U$! =# 4L  #R RYA$D =RK6$L 6= R4$
R9$ $9?W K$ 99 $X;A9$L ?* ?=LR=RLD

1, 2$ /

8JH /5G @TS
8JHK K5D/+5%$ /5G @TS
R8RRRR /5G @P
RJR /5G @P
RO8R /5G @P
ROK K5D/+5%$ /5G @[
BOB !-C @T[
BRB !-C 1%
B5B !-C @[ B=$W96=$C
BB !-C >T B8L9L4C
BRB !-C [ B=U99 R$K;6=R?KC
ADGCA KKY ?* !-C BDB# BGB# BCB# BRJ

L$FU$=$ ?* #626RL 6L Y #$*U9R = /5GD
= U=L62=$# ?=LR=R 6L LA$6.$# W6R4

R4$ LU,X KD
= 6=R$2$K ?=LR=R 6L LA$6.$# 6= 6=KY Y UL6=2 R4$ AK$.X R! 6= ?R9
Y UL6=2 R4$ AK$.X R =# 6= 4$X#$6;9 Y UL6=2 R4$ AK$.X ROD

4KR$K ?=LR=R 6L ULU99Y WK6RR$= L  4KR$K 6= L6=29$ FU?R$LD RL V9U$ 6L
R4$ =U;$K6 V9U$ ?* R4$ 4KR$KD ?;$ 4KR$KL R4R K$ =?R K$AK$L$=R9$ L
4KR$KL K$ 2, UL6=2 R4$ 8L9L4 4KR$KD

241#( &#41& 6L  L$FU$=$ ?* Z$K? ?K ;?K$ 4KR$KL $=9?L$# 6= #?U9$
FU?R$LD 4$ 6=R$K=9 K$AK$L$=RR6?= ?*  LRK6=2 96R$K9 6=9U#$L  =U99 4KR$K LU,X
R! W464 99?WL AK?2K;L R? .=# R4$ $=# ?*  LRK6=2D 46L LU,X 9L? 6=K$L$L R4$
LRK6=2JL LR?K2$ K$FU6K$;$=RL Y  L6=29$ YR$D RK6=2 96R$K9L K$ UL$# R? 6=6R696L$
KKYL ?* 4KR$KL! L 6=

(5M <N3 &' . J ,::@ * Y@M:+ /" = J O

46L $X;A9$ #$9K$L 4D+ R? $ = KKY ?* @/ 4KR$KL! 6=9U#6=2 R4$ =U99 R$K;65
=R?KD * R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ KKY 6L LA$6.$# 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=! 6R ;ULR $ R 9$LR L
9K2$ L R4$ LRK6=2D
& 305C@@+31

48B8B F5;<<+31<

= $XAK$LL6?= ?;6=$L VK69$L =# ?=LR=RL W6R4 ?A$KR?KL! AK?#U6=2  V9U$D
=RK6$L 6= R4$ R9$ $9?W K$ 99 $X;A9$L ?* $XAK$LL6?=LD

' 1$'(("  1$'(("

    . !
" #" # : > ;  :! > $;
'  :F; > !

= $XAK$LL6?= W6R4?UR AK$=R4$L6L 6L ULU99Y $V9UR$# *K?; 9$*R R? K624R UL6=2 R4$
KU9$L ?* AK$$#$=$ ?* ?A$KR?KLD 4$L$ KU9$L LRR$ R4R R4$  ?A$KR?K 4L  4624$K
AK$$#$=$ R4= R4$ > ?A$KR?K! W464 ;$=L R4R R4$ L$?=# $XAK$LL6?= 6= R4$ R9$
K$FU6K$L AK$=R4$L6L K?U=# R4$ RW? ##6R6?=L R? *?K$ R4$ K$FU6K$# 2K?UA6=2D
9$ LU;;K6L$L R4$ $XAK$LL6?= ?A$KR?KL LUAA?KR$# 6= D A$KR?KL 4624$K
6= R4$ R9$ 4V$  4624$K AK$$#$=$! =# ?A$KR?KL 6= R4$ L;$ L$R6?= 4V$ R4$
L;$ AK$$#$=$D 4$ ?A$KR?KL K$ #$.=$# R? 4V$ R4$ L;$ ;$=6=2 L 6= N *U99
#$R69L K$ 26V$= 6= M
DPD

= $XAK$LL6?= $?;$L  LRR$;$=R W4$= *?99?W$# Y  L$;6?9?=D ?LR LRR$5
;$=RL K$ $6R4$K LL62=;$=RL! L 6=
Z .   !O

?K *U=R6?= 99L! L 6=
BM7=S0 C J ,::@ * Y@M:+ /" = J DO


4$ V9U$ ?* = $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR $ U=;62U?ULD
= ;62U6RY K6L$L 6* R4$
V9U$ ?* = $XAK$LL6?= #$A$=#L ?= R4$ ?K#$K ?* $V9UR6?= ?* 6RL ?A$K=#L! L 6=
7 . 7 GGO R 7=X:7+ R

= R46L $X;A9$! R4$ V9U$ ?* / #$A$=#L ?= R4$ ?K#$K 6= W464 R4$ LL62=;$=R =#
6=K$;$=R ?A$KR?KL K$ A$K*?K;$#D
= 2$=$K9! 6* ?=$ LU$XAK$LL6?= ?=R6=L  ;?#6.R6?= ?* VK69$  ! =?=$ ?* R4$
?R4$K LU$XAK$LL6?=L K$ 99?W$# R? UL$  D 46L KU9$ AA96$L K$UKL6V$9Y R? *U=R6?=L
99$# 6= $XAK$LL6?=L R4R K$# ?K WK6R$ 29?9 VK69$LD

48B8A G5 31D;<+31<

* = ?A$KR?K 4L ?A$K=#L ?* #6+$K$=R RYA$L! R4$ ?A$K=#L K$ ?=V$KR$# R? 
?;;?= RYA$D = 2$=$K9! R4$ G9?W$KH RYA$ 6L ,1*'*4 R? R4$ G4624$KH RYA$ $*?K$ R4$
?A$KR6?= AK?$$#LN R4$ K$LU9R 6L ?* R4$ 4624$K RYA$D ?K $X;A9$! 6= R4$ $XAK$LL6?=
L( L G A

R4$ 6=KY ?A$KR?K > R8$L  !-C =# = /5G ?A$K=#D 4$ !-C ?A$K=# 6L AK?;?R$#
R? = /5G! =# R4$ K$LU9R ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L = /5GD
48B ;+.< 31<@1@< 1 F5;<<+31< %

  
   

$',"' ('$," 2$
((",0,2

>> .. ?LR.X 6=K$;$=RQ#$K$;$=R =KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
>> .. K$.X 6=K$;$=RQ#$K$;$=R =KY K624R5R?59$*R
> . =KY A9ULQ;6=UL
( ?269 =$2R6?=
I 6RW6L$ ?;A9$;$=R
:49,; XA966R LR
D/Q%7) $R$K;6=$ L6Z$ 6= YR$L
D/Q%7) $R$K;6=$ W4$R4$K =U99 K$*$K$=$
 F < U9R6A96R6?=Q#6V6L6?=Q;?#U9UL 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
> .
##6R6?=QLURKR6?= 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
33 ,, 6RW6L$ L46*R 9$*RQK624R 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
3 $9R6?=9 9$LL R4= 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
3' $9R6?=9 9$LL R4= ?K $FU9 R?
, $9R6?=9 2K$R$K R4=
,' $9R6?=9 2K$R$K R4= ?K $FU9 R?
'' (' $9R6?=9 $FU9 R?! =?R $FU9 R? 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
 6RW6L$
 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
 6RW6L$ $X9UL6V$  6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
 6RW6L$ 6=9UL6V$  6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
 ?269
 6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
 ?269  6=KY 9$*R5R?5K624R
!@( " $K=KY ?=#6R6?=9 $K=KY K624R5R?59$*R
'
LL62=;$=R 6=KY K624R5R?59$*R
>' .' ' F'
K6R4;$R6 LL62=;$=R
<' ' ' '
K6R4;$R6 LL62=;$=R
33' ,,'
K6R4;$R6 LL62=;$=R
> 305C@@+31

4$ 2$=$K9 KU9$L ?* AK?;?R6?= =# K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?= K$ LRR$# 6= M
D@D@!
=# *?K @ #$V6$L = $ LU;;K6L$# L *?99?WL

 ?=V$KR !-C =# D-7CG R? /5G! 6* = /5G = K$AK$L$=R 99 R4$ V9U$L ?* R4$
?K626=9 RYA$! ?R4$KW6L$ ?=V$KR R? K5D/+5%$ /5GD

 * $6R4$K ?A$K=# 6L K5D/+5%$ /5G! ?=V$KR R4$ ?R4$K R? K5D/+5%$ /5GD

XA966R RYA$ ?=V$KL6?=L = $ *?K$# 6= = $XAK$LL6?= UL6=2 R4$ U=KY LR ?A$KR?K!
L 6=
C (5M DC L L G 7 DO RR (NS TU 6 !7S 7=S,3,M S@ = - 6 !7S (5M

LRL K$ ?*R$= UL$# W6R4 ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL R? LA$6*Y R4$ ;?U=R ?* #R R? $
?;;U=6R$# BL$$ MSDSCD 4$ ;$=6=2 ?* R4$ LR 6L L 6* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= W$K$
LL62=$# R?  VK69$ ?* R4$ LA$6.$# RYA$D
LR ;ULR =?R LA$6*Y = KKYN =$6R4$K
;ULR R4$ $XAK$LL6?=D

48A 31@;3. .3E

?=RK?950?W LRR$;$=RL $XAK$LL #$6L6?=L R4R #$R$K;6=$ R4$ ?K#$K 6= W464 LRR$5
;$=RL K$ A$K*?K;$#D
96LR ?* LRR$;$=RL 6L $X$UR$# 6= L$FU$=$ Y 2K?UA6=2 R4$;
6=R?  &*% UL6=2 K$L  ! L 6=
<7= C X@7+ D $
7=S Z . U * [ . TO
7=S \ . Z  [ O
\ GGO
%

=  9?8! 99 #$9KR6?=L ;ULR ?;$ R R4$ R?A $*?K$ R4$ LRR$;$=RLD
9?8 6L
LY=RR699Y $FU6V9$=R R?  L6=29$ LRR$;$=R =# = $ UL$# W4$K$V$K  LRR$;$=R
6L K$FU6K$#D

48A84 "*.<

= /)5%2D% ?=LRKUR 4?L$L R ;?LR ?=$ LRR$;$=R R? $X$UR$! L 6=
70 C = 4 ]D
BM7=S0 C J @N7S7X, J DO
,:N, 70 C = ; ]D $
BM7=S0 C J ,3S7X, J DO
Z . ]O
%
,:N,
BM7=S0 C J ,M@ J DO
48A 31@;3. .3E =

4 AK$=R4$L6L$# $XAK$LL6?= 2UK#L  LRR$;$=R ?K 9?8 R4R ;Y $ $X$UR$#N

R4$ %2D%5/) =# %2D% LRR$;$=RL K$ ?AR6?=9D 4$ $XAK$LL6?=L K$ $V9UR$# 6=
R4$ ?K#$K R4$Y AA$K 6= R4$ L?UK$ ?#$! =# R4$ .KLR $XAK$LL6?= R4R AK?#U$L 
=?=5Z$K? V9U$ UL$L R4$ LRR$;$=R 6R 2UK#L R? $ $X$UR$#D 4$ $=R6K$ ?=LRKUR
R4$= R$K;6=R$LD

= %2D% LRR$;$=R 6L 9WYL LL?6R$# W6R4 R4$ AK$V6?UL %2D%59$LL /)! W464 6L

6;A?KR=R R? K$;$;$K 6* ;U9R6A9$ /) LRR$;$=RL K$ =$LR$#D K$L = $ UL$# R?
*?K$  #6+$K$=R LL?6R6?=D

48A8B E+@)

DN/G!- LRR$;$=R R$LRL W4$R4$K = $XAK$LL6?= ;R4$L ?=$ ?*  =U;$K ?* ?=LR=R
6=R$2$K V9U$L =# K=4$L R? R4$ ?#Y ?* ?#$ *?K R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 !D%! L 6=
NY7S(5 C NSS, D $
(N, 
 )
NSS, .  O
70 C Z ; ]D
NSS, . 
O
!M,9 O
(N,  )
NSS, .  O
70 C [ 4 ]D
NSS, . 
O
!M,9 O
(N,  )
BM7=S0 C J @ /" = J DO
!M,9 O
(N, 
)
+,0V:S )
R ,MM@M R
%
*  $%)K2G 9$9 6L AK$L$=R =# =?=$ ?* R4$ L$ ?=LR=RL $FU9 R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$
$XAK$LL6?=! R4$ ?#$ *?99?W6=2 $%)K2G 6L $X$UR$# 6=LR$#D

4$ ?#Y ?* $4 !D% ;ULR $ R$K;6=R$# Y $6R4$K C%1 ?K C%GKC5! AK$V$=R6=2 
?=RK?9 *K?; 0?W6=2 *K?; ?=$ ?#Y R? R4$ =$XRD

48A8A 335<

N-/2% 9??A K$A$RL  LRR$;$=R L 9?=2 L R4$ V9U$ ?* = $XAK$LL6?= K$;6=L
=?=5Z$K?! L 6=
7=S 7 . ]O
Y57:, C7 ; = D $
 & 7 ' . ! & 7 '  ( & 7 'O
7 GGO
%
 305C@@+31

46L $X;A9$ 6L RYA69 ?* ;=Y AK?2K;L R4R 6R$KR$ ?V$K R4$ .KLR ( $9$;$=RL ?*
= KKYD
= 9R$K=R6V$ *?K; 6L R? UL$  )7C 9??A! W464 AK?V6#$L  WY R? ?;6=$
R4$ 6=6R696LR6?=! ?=#6R6?=9 R$LR =# 6=K$;$=R R?2$R4$K R R4$ R?A ?* R4$ 9??AD 4$
$X;A9$ ?V$ ;Y $ 9R$K=R6V$9Y WK6RR$= L
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ; = O 7 GGD
 & 7 ' . ! & 7 '  ( & 7 'O

4$ .KLR =# R46K# $XAK$LL6?=L K$ ULU99Y LL62=;$=RL! =# R4$ L$?=#  K$9R6?=9
$XAK$LL6?=D 4$ .KLR LL62=;$=R ;Y *?K; AKR ?*  VK69$ #$9KR6?= W4?L$
L?A$ 6L 9?9 R? R4$ ?#Y ?* R4$ 9??AD
=Y ?* R4$L$ R4K$$ AKRL ;Y $ ?;6RR$#! UR
R4$ L$;6?9?=L ;ULR K$;6=D

$7.N-/2% 9??A A$K*?K;L R4$ R$LR *R$K $X$UR6=2 6RL ?#Y! 2UK=R$$6=2 R4R 6RL
?#Y 6L $X$UR$# R 9$LR ?=$D RL *?K; 6L L4?W= $9?WD
+@ $
*9
% Y57:, C 8, DO

48A8& ;- 1 31@+1C

C%1 LRR$;$=R $X6RL *K?;  9??A 6;;$#6R$9Y! L 6=
Y57:, CAD $
RRFFF 7=BVS =+ BM@(,NN +S FFF
70 C 11*1 D
!M,9 O
%

= R46L $X;A9$! R4$ C%1 LRR$;$=R $X6RL *K?; R4$ N-/2% 9??A UA?= $=?U=R$K6=2
= $KK?KD = 2$=$K9! C%1 UL$L R4$ 6==$K;?LR $=9?L6=2 9??A ?K DN/G!- LRR$;$=R
R? $X6RD

!75G/5K% LRR$;$=R 6L L6;69K R? C%1! $X$AR R4R 6R UL$L R4$ =$XR 6R$KR6?=
?* R4$ $=9?L6=2 9??A R? $26=! L 6=
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ; = O 7 GGD $
70 C  & 7 ' .. ]D
(@=S7=V, O
RRFFF BM@(,NN =@= 6 \,M@ ,:,<,=SN FFF
%

=  )7C 9??A! R4$ LRR$;$=R $X$UR$# 6;;$#6R$9Y *R$K !75G/5K% 6L R4$ 9??A 6=5
K$;$=RD = N-/2% =# $7 9??AL! R4$ =$XR LRR$;$=R $X$UR$# 6L R4$ ?=#6R6?=9
R$LRD

!75G/5K% LRR$;$=R 6L ?*R$= UL$# W4$K$ R4$ ?#$ R4R *?99?WL 6R 6L ?;A96R$#!
L? R4R K$V$KL6=2 R4$ R$LR =# 6=#$=R6=2 =?R4$K 9$V$9 W?U9# =$LR R4$ AK?2K; R??
#$$A9Y R? $ $L69Y U=#$KLR??#D
48& C1@+31< 2

48& C1@+31<

*U=R6?= =;$L  9?8 ?* LRR$;$=RL! AK?V6#6=2  WY R? $=ALU9R$ =# AK;$5
R$K6L$  ?;AURR6?=D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L =# UL$L  *U=R6?= )!G! W464
?;AUR$L  *R?K69D
7=S 0(S C 7=S DO

R S,NS 0(S 0V=(S7@= R

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;A]O 7 GGD $
7=S 0 . 0(S C 7 DO
RR FFF BM7=S 0 FFF
%
%

7=S 0(S C 7=S = D $

0@M C 7=S 7 .= 6AO 7 4AO 7 6 6D
= . =  7O
M,SVM= = O
%
4$ #$9KR6?= ?* )!G *R$K 4/5
7=S 0(S C 7=S = D
#$9K$L )!G R? $  *U=R6?= R4R R8$L = /5G AK;$R$K =;$# 5 =# K$RUK=L =
/5G V9U$D 4$= 4/5 99L )!G! R4$ V9U$ ?* / 6L ?A6$# 6=R?  =$W VK69$ 5D 4$
VK69$ 5 6L AK6VR$ R? )!G! =# ?R4$K *U=R6?=L = UL$ R46L =;$ W6R4?UR ?=06RD
4$ 9?8 ?* LRR$;$=RL 2K?UA$# 6= K$L   *?99?W6=2 R4$ #$9KR6?= ?* )!G
;8$L 6R  (#4#*(D
R ;?LR ?=$ #$.=6R6?= ?* $4 *U=R6?= 6L A$K;6RR$#D
4$ C%GKC5 LRR$;$=R 6= R4$ ?#Y ?* )!G K$RUK=L R4$ ?;AUR$# *R?K69 V9U$ R?
4/5D
*U=R6?= R4R #?$L =?R K$RUK=  V9U$ 6L LA$6.$# W6R4 R4$ K$RUK= RYA$ M7/$D
4$ .KLR #$9KR6?= ?* )!G $*?K$ 4/5
7=S 0(S C 7=S DO
6L  ,1*4*49, R4R #$9K$L R4$ RYA$ ?* )!G W6R4?UR 26V6=2 6R  #$.=6R6?=D 6R4$K
 *U=R6?= AK?R?RYA$ ?K 6RL #$.=6R6?= ;ULR AA$K 6= R4$ L?UK$ ?#$ $*?K$ R4$
*U=R6?= 6L UL$#D 4$ AK?R?R?RA$ ;ULR 2K$$ W6R4 6RL #$.=6R6?= =# 99 ?* 6RL UL$LN
R4$ AK;$R$K =;$L 6= R4$ AK?R?RYA$ K$ ?AR6?=9D

48&84 C1@+31
;'C01@<

K2U;$=RL R? *U=R6?=L K$ ULU99Y ALL$# Y 6&5! 6= W464 L$ R4$ V9U$ 6L ?A6$#
6=R?  =$W VK69$ R4R 6L AK6VR$ R? R4$ *U=R6?=D


= K2U;$=R ;Y 9L? $ ALL$# Y 11( L? R4R =Y 4=2$ ;#$ R? R4$ 
9?9 VK69$ 9L? ;?#6.$L R4$ K2U;$=R 6= R4$ 996=2 *U=R6?=D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W
LWAL R4$ V9U$L ?* RW? VK69$L ALL$# Y K$*$K$=$D
4I 305C@@+31

X@7+ NYB C 7=S Z * 7=S  [ D $

7=S S<B . Z O
Z . [O
[ . ZO
%

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S  . AO
7=S ! . UO
NYB C * ! DO
%
4$ #$9KR6?=
X@7+ NYB C 7=S Z * 7=S  [ D
#$9K$L DN9 R? $  *U=R6?= R4R $ARL RW? VK69$L Y K$*$K$=$D
K$*$K$=$
AK;$R$K 6L LA$6.$# Y AK$.X6=2 6RL =;$ W6R4 D


4$ K$R6?= ?* ;?K$ R4= ?=$ K$*$K$=$ R? R4$ L;$ ?7$R 6L 6=V96#D = R4$
?V$ $X;A9$! 996=2 R4$ *U=R6?= DN9 UL6=2 R4$ L;$ VK69$ RW6$ W?U9# $
6=V96#D

KKYL K$ 6;A966R9Y ALL$# Y K$*$K$=$D 46L ;$=L R4R = KKY ==?R $
ALL$# R? RW? AK;$R$KL ?*  *U=R6?= UR! *?K $X;A9$! ALL6=2 RW? #6+$K$=R K?WL
?*  RW?5#6;$=L6?=9 KKY R?  *U=R6?= 6L A$K;6RR$#D
4$ 9K2$LR #6;$=L6?= ?* = KKY AK;$R$K ;Y $ ?;6RR$# *K?; R4$ *U=R6?=
#$9KR6?=! 99?W6=2 R4$ *U=R6?= R? ?A$KR$ ?= K6RKKY L6Z$# KKYL! L 6=
7=S NSM(@V=S C (5M NSM &' * 7=S :,= DO
* R4$ L6Z$ ?* = KKY AK;$R$K 6L LA$6.$#! ALL6=2 = KKY ?* 9K2$K L6Z$ 6L
A$K;6RR$# UR R4$ 4624$LR $9$;$=RL K$ =?R $LL69$N ALL6=2  L;99$K KKY 6L
6=V96#D

48&8B 5@+31.
;'C01@<




ALL5Y5K$*$K$=$ AK;$R$K = $ LA$6.$# (5&&&! ;$=6=2 R4R 6R = ?=R6=
$6R4$K  V96# K$*$K$=$ ?K  LA$69 5K22 K$*$K$=$D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$R$K;6=$L
4?W ;=Y ?KK$LA?=#6=2 $9$;$=RL ?* RW? KKYL 4V$ R4$ L;$ V9U$! LL62=6=2 R4$
V9U$ [ ?K @ R? R4$ $9$;$=R ?*  R46K# KKY ?=9Y 6* AK?V6#$# Y R4$ 99$KD
7=S (@<BM, C 7=S Z &' * 7=S [ &' * 7=S I <S(5,N &' * V=N73=,+ N7\, D $
7=S = . ]O
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ; N7\, O 7 GGD $
7=S <S(5 . C Z & 7 ' .. [ & 7 'DO
= G. <S(5 O
70 C/ 7N=V:: C <S(5,N DD
<S(5,N & 7 ' . <S(5 O
%
M,SVM= = O
%
48& C1@+31< 44

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S Z &1' . $] * A * U * T * 2%O
7=S [ &1' . $A * A * A * T * T%O
7=S \ &1' . $A * A * A * A * A%O
7=S < &1' . $]%O
7=S = O

C X@7+ D (@<BM, CZ * [ * < * 1DO

= . (@<BM, C[ * \ * =V:: * 1DO

M,SVM= ]O
%

4$ #$9KR6?=

7=S (@<BM, C 7=S Z &' * 7=S [ &' * 7=S I < &' * V=N73=,+ N7\, D

#$9K$L !749C% R? $  *U=R6?= R4R $AR R4K$$ KKYL =#  D/Q% VK69$D 4$
R46K# AK;$R$K 4 6L LA$6.$# L =U999$ Y AK$.X6=2 6RL =;$ W6R4 @D
4$ ?A$KR?K /D5K22 AK?#U$L  V9U$ @ 6* 6RL K2U;$=R 6L  V96# K$*$K$=$ =# [
?R4$KW6L$D
RR$;AR6=2 R? #$K$*$K$=$ ?K UL$  =U99 ?7$R 6L 6=V96#D
= R4$ .KLR 99 Y 4/5 R? !749C%! R4$ KKY 4G!-%D 6L ALL$# L R4$ R46K#
K2U;$=RN !749C% LL62=L R4$ $9$;$=RL ?* R46L KKYD = R4$ L$?=# 99! 5K22 6L
ALL$# L R4$ R46K# K2U;$=RN !749C% #?$L =?R RR$;AR R? LL62= R? R4$ KKYD

48&8A C.@+5.*@C;1 C1@+31<



*U=R6?= ;Y $ #$9K$# L K$RUK=6=2 ;?K$ R4= ?=$ V9U$! L 6= 

$ 7=S * 7=S % NYB C 7=S  * 7=S ! D $

M,SVM= $! *  %O
%

X@7+ <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S  . AO
7=S ! . UO
$ * ! % . NYB C! *  DO
%

4$ 96LR ?* K$RUK= RYA$L! R4$ 96LR ?* V9U$L *?99?W6=2 C%GKC5! =# R4$ 96LR ?* VK69$L
LL62=$# K$ $=9?L$# 6= K$LD 4$ =U;$K ?* $9$;$=RL 6= R4$ LL62=;$=R 96LR ;ULR
;R4 R4$ =U;$K ?* V9U$L K$RUK=$# Y R4$ *U=R6?=! UR =Y ?* R4$ K$RUK=$# V9U$L
;Y $ 62=?K$# UL6=2 M7/$! L 6=

$ * X@7+ % . 0 CDO
4B 305C@@+31

48% +1@;5;@@+31



K$6=R$KAK$RR6?= UL$L  VK69$ R? $ RK$R$# L 4V6=2  #6+$K$=R RYA$! UR 6R
U=#$K2?$L =? ?=V$KL6?=D 4$ *U=R6?= $9?W UL$L  K$6=R$KAK$RR6?= R? RK=L;6R =
KKY ?* YR$L L ST56R 6=R$2$KLD
X@7+ SM=N<7S N3 C (5M <N3 &' * 7=S =Y@M+N D $
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ; =Y@M+N O 7 GGD
SM=N<7S =S CC <N3 * 7=S &'D& 7 'DO
%
4$ ?=LRKUR6?=
C <N3 * 7=S &'D
K$6=R$KAK$RL R4$ KKY 4D+ L = KKY ?* 6=R$2$KL! W464 6L R4$= 6=#$X$#! L 6=
C <N3 * 7=S &'D& 7 '
= R46L $X;A9$! R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ 6=R$2$K KKY 6L #$R$K;6=$# R KU=5R6;$D * R4$
*U=R6?= 6L 99$#! *?K $X;A9$! W6R4 = KKY ?* @[ YR$L! R4$ K$6=R$KAK$R$# 6=R$2$K
KKY 4L = UAA$K ?U=# ?* T =# R4$ R?A;?LR T 4KR$KL K$ 6=$LL69$ 6=
R4$ K$6=R$KAK$RR6?=D * L6Z$ ?* R4$ K$6=R$KAK$RR6?= 6L 26V$=! 6R ;ULR =?R $X$$# R4$
L6Z$ ?* R4$ ?K626=9 RYA$D
RR$;AR6=2 R? K$6=R$KAK$R ?=$ ?7$R R? =?R4$K W4?L$
RYA$ K$FU6K$L 2K$R$K LR?K2$ 962=;$=R BL LA$6.$# 6= MD/C 6L 6=V96#D 4$ ?K626=9
#$9KR6?= L4?U9# LA$6*Y R4$ 9K2$LR LR?K2$ 962=;$=R K$FU6K$# *?K 99 A?LL69$
K$6=R$KAK$RR6?=LD

48> 305;+<31 E+@) 

 AK?V6#$L ;=Y ?* R4$ L;$ A696R6$L L ! R4$ ;6= ?;6LL6?= $6=2 LUAA?KR *?K
A?6=R$KLD ?=L$FU$=R9Y! ;=Y AK?2K;;6=2 $KK?KL R4R K$ U=#$.=$# 6=  K$ 8=?W=
R? $ 6=V96# 6=  =# = $ U24R $6R4$K Y R4$ ?;A69$K ?K K6L$# L KU=5R6;$
$X$AR6?=LD
99 ?* JL #R RYA$L =# ?A$KR?KL 4V$ R4$ L;$ ;$=6=2 L 6= ! =#
UL$K5#$.=$# RYA$L 6=9U#6=2 LRKURUK$L! U=6?=L! $=U;$KR6?=L =# RYA$#$*L K$ 9L?
LUAA?KR$#D 4$ $XR$=L6?=L *?K ALL5Y5K$*$K$=$ AK;$R$KL =# ;U9R6A9$5K$RUK=
*U=R6?=L AK?V6#$ LUAA?KR *?K ?A$KR6?=L ULU99Y A$K*?K;$# UL6=2 A?6=R$KL 6= D
JL L?A$ =# 96=82$ KU9$L K$ R4$ L;$ L W6R4 ! =# ?R4 9=2U2$L UL$ R4$
L;$ AK$AK?$LL?KD
 #?$L =?R LUAA?KR 0?R6=2 A?6=R! 275+ 275+ K6R4;$R6! LRKURUK$ 6R5.$9#L ?K
V?9R69$ #R RYA$L! =# =? +7G7 LRR$;$=R 6L AK?V6#$#D 4$L$ K$LRK6R6?=L ;Y $
K$9X$# 6= *URUK$ K$9$L$L R? 6;AK?V$ ?;AR6696RY $RW$$= 9=2U2$LD
  
  %
15C@ 1 C@5C@

A?KR ?==$RL  AK?$LL?K R? ?=$ ?K ;?K$ A4YL69 A6=L =# L LU4 #$.=$L R4$
6=R$K*$ $RW$$=  AK?$LL?K =# 6RL $=V6K?=;$=RD 4$ A?KR 9?26 = #K6V$ 6RL A6=L
4624 ?K 9?W! ?K 6R = L;A9$ R4$ V9U$ ?= 6RL A6=L! ?AR6?=99Y W6R6=2 *?K  AKR6U9K
?=#6R6?=D ?KRL K$ =?R ;$;?KY ;AA$#N 6=LR$# R4$Y K$ $LL$# UL6=2 #$#6R$#
6=LRKUR6?=LD  AK?V6#$L 6=R$2KR$# 6=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL R4R ;8$ 6R $LY
R? $XAK$LL ?A$KR6?=L ?= A?KRLD 4$ #62K; $9?W 699ULRKR$L R4$L$ ?A$KR6?=LD

Sample Input
:>

Drive Output
<:

PORT PROCESSOR

R KR$L = $ ?=RK?99$# UL6=2 4K#WK$ R6;$KL R4R #$9Y R4$ $X$UR6?= ?* R4$
6=AUR =# ?URAUR 6=LRKUR6?=L *?K  #$.=$# A$K6?#D 4$ AK?$LL?K = 9L? $ ;#$
R? W6R *?K = 6=AUR *K?; ;?K$ R4= ?=$ A?KR! $=96=2 ;U9R6A9$ Q #$V6$L R? $
6=R$K*$# ?=UKK$=R9YD
4& 15C@ 1 C@5C@

B84 C@5C@@+1' @

L6;A9$ AK?2K; R4R R?229$L  A6= 4624 =# 9?W 6L L4?W= $9?WD

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

@VS B@MS B . AWWA
O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

B ;) AO
B ;) ]O
%

4$ #$9KR6?=

@VS B@MS B . AWWA
O

#$9K$L = ?URAUR A?KR =;$# 9! W464 K$*$KL R? R4$ @56R A?KR 6#$=R6.$K @
D@
4$ LRR$;$=R

B ;) AO

?URAURL R4$ V9U$ @ R? R4$ A?KR 9! UL6=2 R4$ A?KR R? #K6V$ 6RL ?KK$LA?=#6=2 A6=
4624D 4$ A?KR ?=R6=U$L R? #K6V$ 6RL A6= 4624 U=R69 $X$UR6?= ?* R4$ =$XR LRR$;$=R

B ;) ]O

W464 ?URAURL R4$ V9U$ [ R? R4$ A?KR! UL6=2 R4$ A?KR R? #K6V$ 6RL A6= 9?WD 4$
#62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ ?URAUR 2$=$KR$# Y R46L AK?2K;D

1 0
 (1A)

4$ A6= 6L 6=6R699Y =?R #K6V$=N *R$K R4$ .KLR ?URAUR 6L $X$UR$# 6R 6L #K6V$= 4624N =#
*R$K R4$ L$?=# ?URAUR 6L $X$UR$# 6R 6L #K6V$= 9?WD = 2$=$K9! W4$= ?URAURR6=2 R?
= (56R A?KR! R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R ( 6RL ?* R4$ ?URAUR V9U$ K$ #K6V$= ?= R4$ A6=L
=# R4$ K$LR K$ 62=?K$#D

99 A?KRL ;ULR $ #$9K$# L 29?9 VK69$L! =# =? RW? A?KRL ;Y $ 6=6R696L$#
W6R4 R4$ L;$ A?KR 6#$=R6.$KD
*R$K 6=6R696LR6?=!  A?KR ;Y =?R $ LL62=$# R?D
LL6=2  A?KR R?  *U=R6?= 6L 99?W$# L 9?=2 L R4$ A?KR #?$L =?R AA$K 6= ;?K$
R4= ?=$ ?*  *U=R6?=JL K2U;$=RL! W464 W?U9# K$R$ = 699$29 96LD

@ 4$ V9U$ <P P<
6L #$.=$# 6= R4$ 4$#$K .9$ 7SI<A21D ?LR #$V$9?A;$=R ?K#L K$ LUA5
A96$# W6R4 =  .9$ *K?; W464 R4$ 4$#$K .9$ 7=6L,;H8A21 6L 2$=$KR$#! =# W464 #$.=$L ;?K$
6=RU6R6V$ =;$L *?K A?KRL LU4 L  P
P =#  P P
D 4$L$ =;$L K$ #?U;$=R$# 6= R4$
?KK$LA?=#6=2 4K#WK$ ;=U9D
B8B 15C@@+1' @ 4%

B8B 15C@@+1' @

4$ AK?2K; $9?W ?=R6=U?UL9Y L;A9$L R4$ 1 A6=L ?* = 6=AUR A?KR! #K6V6=2 =
?URAUR A?KR 4624 W4$=$V$K R4$ L;A9$# V9U$ $X$$#L >D
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= B@MS 7= . AWW2
O

@VS B@MS @VS . AWWA
O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S Z O
Y57:, CAD $
7= ) 4 Z O
70 C Z 4 >D
@VS ;) AO
,:N,
@VS ;) ]O
%
%
4$ #$9KR6?=
7= B@MS 7= . AWW2
O
#$9K$L = 6=AUR A?KR =;$# /5! W464 K$*$KL R? R4$ 156R A?KR 6#$=R6.$K 1
D
4$ LRR$;$=R
7= ) 4 Z O
6=AURL R4$ V9U$ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR /5 6=R? R4$ VK69$ OD 4$ #62K; $9?W
L4?WL $X;A9$ 6=AUR LR6;U96 =# $XA$R$# ?URAUR *?K R46L AK?2K;D

 (4A) 0x8 0xA 0x2

#! (1A)

4$ AK?2K; ?=R6=U?UL9Y 6=AURL *K?; R4$ A?KR /5 W4$= [X% 6L L;A9$# R4$ ?URAUR
6L #K6V$= 9?W! W4$= [X
6L L;A9$# R4$ ?URAUR 6L #K6V$= 4624 =# W4$= [XT 6L
L;A9$# R4$ ?URAUR 6L 26= #K6V$= 9?WD 4 6=AUR V9U$ ;Y $ L;A9$# ;=Y
R6;$LD

B8A +@+1' "3;  31+@+31 31 1 15C@ +1

= 6=AUR ?A$KR6?= = $ ;#$ R? W6R *?K ?=$ ?* RW? ?=#6R6?=L ?=  A6= $FU9 R?
?K =?R $FU9 R? L?;$ V9U$D 4$ AK?2K; ?= R4$ =$XR A2$ UL$L  *(#4#*(& #(,54
R? ?U=R R4$ =U;$K ?* RK=L6R6?=L ?= 6RL 6=AUR A6=D
4> 15C@ 1 C@5C@

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= B@MS @=,7S . AWWA
O

@VS B@MS (@V=S,M . AWW2
O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S Z O
7=S 7 . ]O

@=,7S ) 4 Z O
Y57:, CAD $
@=,7S Y5,= B7=N=,H C Z D ) 4 Z O
(@V=S,M ;) GG 7 O
%
%
4$ LRR$;$=R
@=,7S Y5,= B7=N=,H C Z D ) 4 Z O
6=LRKURL R4$ A?KR 75%/G R? W6R U=R69 R4$ V9U$ ?= 6RL A6=L 6L =?R $FU9 R? O $*?K$
L;A96=2 =# AK?V6#6=2 6R R? R4$ AK?$LL?K R? LR?K$ 6= OD
4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL $X;A9$ 6=AUR LR6;U96 =# $XA$R$# ?URAUR
*?K R46L AK?2K;D


! (1A)

#!  (4A) 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4

L =?R4$K $X;A9$! R4$ ?=9Y ?A$KR6?= K$FU6K$# R? W6R *?K = R4$K=$R AK$;9$
?=  156R A?KR 6L
,S5S Y5,= B7=N,H C] Z D ) 4 X@7+ O
4$ AK?$LL?K ;ULR ?;A9$R$ = 6=AUR ?A$KR6?= *K?; R4$ A?KR ?=$  ?=#6R6?= 6L
;$R! $V$= 6* R4$ 6=AUR V9U$ 6L =?R K$FU6K$#D 46L 6L $XAK$LL$# 6=  L = 6=AUR R?
M7/$D
L6=2  ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR 6L ;?K$ A?W$K $,6$=R R4= A?996=2 R4$ A?KR 6= L?*RWK$!
$UL$ 6R 99?WL R4$ AK?$LL?K R? 6#9$! ?=LU;6=2 9$LL A?W$K! W469$ R4$ A?KR K$;6=L
R6V$ ;?=6R?K6=2 6RL A6=LD

B8& 31@;3..+1' ? @ @< E+@) +0;<

R6;$K 6L  LA$69 RYA$ ?* A?KR UL$# *?K ;$LUK6=2 =# ?=RK?996=2 R4$ R6;$ $RW$$=
$V$=RLD
R6;$K 4L  ST56R ?U=R$K R4R 6L ?=R6=U99Y 6=K$;$=R$# R  KR$ ?*
B8& 31@;3..+1' ? @ @< E+@) +0;< 4=

@[[ Z =# W4?L$ V9U$ = $ 6=AUR R =Y R6;$D
= 6=AUR ?=  R6;$K = 9L? $
#$9Y$# U=R69  R6;$ 6= R4$ *URUK$D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W UL$L  R6;$K R? ?=RK?9 R4$
KR$ R W464  @56R A?KR 6L R?229$#D
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4
? +,07=, 
 1]]]]]]]

@VS B@MS B . AWWA
O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

V=N73=,+ NSS, . A * S7<, O
S7<,M S O
S ) 4 S7<, O
Y57:, CAD $
B ;) NSS, O
S7<, G. 
 O
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O
NSS, . / NSS, O
%
%

4$ #$9KR6?=
S7<,M S O

#$9K$L  R6;$K =;$# G! ?R6=6=2  R6;$K K$L?UK$ *K?; R4$ ?K$JL A??9 ?*
V699$ R6;$KLD
4$ LRR$;$=R
S ) 4 S7<, O

6=AURL R4$ V9U$ ?* GJL ?U=R$K 6=R? R4$ VK69$ G/4%D 46L VK69$ 6L R4$= 6=K$5
;$=R$# Y R4$ V9U$ 
! W464 LA$6.$L  =U;$K ?* ?U=R$K 6=K$;$=RLD 4$
R6;$K 4L  A$K6?# ?* @[=L! 26V6=2  R6;$ 6= R4$ *URUK$ ?* /[ [[[ [[[  @[&  [$/&D
4$ ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR LRR$;$=R
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O

W6RL U=R69 R46L R6;$ 6L K$4$#! ?;A9$R6=2 R4$ 6=AUR 7ULR *R$KWK#LD
4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ #R #K6V$= *?K R46L AK?2K;D

t (counter) 4195m 4245m 0 50m 100m 150m 200m

 (1A)
0.5s 0.5s 0.5s 0.5s 0.5s 0.5s 0.5s
18 Input and Output

The function timerafter treats the timer’s counter as having two separate ranges,
as illustrated below.

after before after

0 232-1

time - 231 time

All values in the range (time − 231 ..time − 1) are considered to come before time,
with values in the range (time + 1..time + 232−1 , 0..time − 231 ) considered to come
afterwards. If the delay between the two input values fits in 31 bits, timerafter is
guaranteed to behave correctly, otherwise it may behave incorrectly due to overlow
or underflow. This means that a timer can be used to measure up to a total of
231 /100, 000, 000 = 21s.
 A programming error may be introduced by inputting the new time instead of
ignoring it with a cast to void, as in
t when timerafter ( time ) : > time ;
Because the processor completes the input shortly after the time specified is reached,
this operation actually increments the value of time by a small additional amount.
This amount may be compounded over multiple loop iterations, leading to signal
drift and ultimately a loss of synchronisation with a receiver.

2.5 Case Study: UART (Part 1)

A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) translates data between par-
allel and serial forms for communication over two 1-bit wires at fixed data rates.
Each bit of data is driven for the time defined by the data rate, and the receiver must
sample the data during this time. The diagram below shows the transmission of a
single byte of data at a rate of 115200 bits/s.

8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s 8.68—s

TXD B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7
start stop
bit bit

The quiescent state of the wire is high. A byte is sent by first driving a start bit (0),
followed by the eight data bits and finally a stop bit (1). A rate of 115200 bits/s
1
means that each bit is driven for 115200 = 8.68μs.
UARTs are often implemented with microcontrollers, using interrupts to schedule
memory-mapped input and output operations. Implementing a UART with an XMOS
B8% < @CG 
 6;@ 47 42

#$V6$ 6L $LY #U$ R? 6RL #$#6R$# Q 6=LRKUR6?=LD 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L 

 RK=L;6RR$KD
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

? +,07=,  W
 AA1U]]

? +,07=,  W  A]]]]]]]] R  W


@VS B@MS  . AWWA
O

@VS B@MS  . AWWA O

X@7+ SM=N<7SS,M C @VS B@MS  D $

V=N73=,+ ![S, * S7<, O
S7<,M S O

Y57:, CAD $
R 3,S =,ZS ![S, S@ SM=N<7S R
![S, . 3,S[S, CDO
S ) 4 S7<, O

R @VSBVS NSMS !7S R

 ;) ]O
S7<, G.  W  O
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O

R @VSBVS +S !7SN R

0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;-O 7 GGD $
 ;) 44 ![S, O
S7<, G.  W  O
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O
%

R @VSBVS NS@B !7S R

 ;) AO
S7<, G.  W  O
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O
%
%
4$ RK=L;6RR$K ?URAURL  YR$ Y .KLR ?URAURR6=2  LRKR 6R! *?99?W$# Y  ?=#6R6?=9
6=AUR ?=  R6;$K R4R W6RL *?K R4$ 6R R6;$ R? $9AL$N R4$ #R 6RL =# LR?A 6R K$
?URAUR 6= R4$ L;$ WYD
4$ ?URAUR LRR$;$=R 6= R4$ )7C 9??A
 ;) 44 ![S, O

6=9U#$L R4$ ;?#6.$K ,,! W464 K624R5L46*RL R4$ V9U$ ?* PG% Y R4$ A?KR W6#R4 B@ 6RC
*R$K ?URAURR6=2 R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R A?KR5W6#R4 6RLD 46L ?A$KR6?= 6L A$K*?K;$#
6= R4$ L;$ 6=LRKUR6?= L R4$ ?URAUR! ;86=2 6R ;?K$ $,6$=R R4= A$K*?K;6=2 R4$
L46*R L  L$AKR$ ?A$KR6?= *R$KWK#LD
BI 15C@ 1 C@5C@

4$ *U=R6?= $9?W K$$6V$L  LRK$; ?* YR$L ?V$K  @56R W6K$D

X@7+ M,(,7X,M C 7= B@MS  D $
V=N73=,+ ![S, * S7<, O
S7<,M S O

Y57:, CAD $
R Y7S 0@M NSMS !7S R
 Y5,= B7=N,H C]D ) 4 X@7+ O
S ) 4 S7<, O
S7<, G.  W  RUO

R 7=BVS +S !7SN R

0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;-O 7 GGD $
S7<, G.  W  O
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O
 ) 4 44 ![S, O
%

R 7=BVS NS@B !7S R

S7<, G.  W  O
S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ O
 ) 4 X@7+ O

BVS[S, C ![S, 44 U2DO

%
%
4$ K$$6V$K L;A9$L R4$ 6=?;6=2 L62=9! W6R6=2 *?K  LRKR 6RD
*R$K K$$6V6=2 R46L
6R! 6R W6RL *?K @ @T R6;$L R4$ 6R R6;$ =# R4$= L;A9$L R4$ W6K$ R R4$ ;6#A?6=R
?* R4$ R4$ .KLR YR$ RK=L;6LL6?=! W6R4 LUL$FU$=R 6RL $6=2 L;A9$# R %$P%<&
6=K$;$=RLD 4$ 6=AUR LRR$;$=R 6= R4$ )7C 9??A
 ) 4 44 ![S, O
6=9U#$L R4$ ;?#6.$K ,,! W464 .KLR K624R5L46*RL R4$ V9U$ ?* PG% Y R4$ A?KR W6#R4
B@ 6RC =# R4$= 6=AURL R4$ =$XR L;A9$ 6=R? 6RL ;?LR L62=6.=R A?KR5W6#R4 6RLD 4$
$XAK$LL6?= 6= R4$ .=9 LRR$;$=R
BVS[S, C ![S, 44 U2DO
K624R5L46*RL R4$ 6RL 6= R4$ 6=R$2$K PG% Y T1 6RL L? R4R R4$ 6=AUR V9U$ $=#L UA 6=
6RL 9$LR L62=6.=R 6RLD

B8> <531+1' @3 C.@+5. 15C@<

4$ AK?2K; $9?W 6=AURL RW? LRK$;L ?* #R *K?; RW? L$AKR$ A?KRL UL6=2 ?=9Y
 L6=29$ R4K$#D 4$ V69696RY ?* #R ?= ?=$ ?* R4$L$ A?KRL 6L L62=99$# Y R4$
R?2296=2 ?*  A6=! W6R4 #R ?= =?R4$K ?R4$K A?KR $6=2 K$$6V$# R  .X$# KR$D
B8= < @CG 
 6;@ B7 B4

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

? +,07=, 
W A]]]]]]]

7= B@MS S@33:, . AWWA
O

7= B@MS +S . AWW2
O
7= B@MS +S . AWW2 O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

S7<,M S O
V=N73=,+ S7<, * Z . ]O

S ) 4 S7<, O
S7<, G. 
W O
Y57:, CAD
N,:,(S $
(N, S@33:, Y5,= B7=N=,H C Z D ) 4 Z )
M,+S C +S DO
!M,9 O
(N, S Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C S7<, D ) 4 X@7+ )
M,+S C +S DO
S7<, G. 
W O
!M,9 O
%
%

4$ D%2%!G LRR$;$=R A$K*?K;L = 6=AUR ?= $6R4$K R4$ A?KR G7++2% ?K R4$ R6;$K G!
#$A$=#6=2 ?= W464 ?* R4$L$ K$L?UK$L $?;$L K$#Y R? 6=AUR .KLRD * ?R4 6=AURL
$?;$ K$#Y R R4$ L;$ R6;$! ?=9Y ?=$ 6L L$9$R$#! R4$ ?R4$K K$;6=6=2 K$#Y ?=
R4$ =$XR 6R$KR6?= ?* R4$ 9??AD
*R$K A$K*?K;6=2 = 6=AUR! R4$ ?#Y ?* ?#$ $9?W 6R
6L $X$UR$#D 4 ?#Y ;ULR $ R$K;6=R$# Y $6R4$K  C%1 ?K C%GKC5 LRR$;$=RD
L$ LRR$;$=RL K$ =?R A$K;6RR$# R? ?=R6= ?URAUR ?A$KR6?=L L R4$  
K46R$RUK$ K$FU6K$L = ?URAUR ?A$KR6?= R? ?;A9$R$ UR 99?WL = 6=AUR ?A$KR6?=
R? W6R U=R69 6R L$$L  ;R46=2 ?URAUR $*?K$ ?;;6RR6=2 R? 6RL ?;A9$R6?=D
4 A?KR =# R6;$K ;Y AA$K 6= ?=9Y ?=$ ?* R4$ !D% LRR$;$=RLD 46L 6L
$UL$ R4$   K46R$RUK$ K$LRK6RL $4 A?KR =# R6;$K K$L?UK$ R? W6R6=2 *?K
7ULR ?=$ ?=#6R6?= R  R6;$D
= R46L $X;A9$! R4$ AK?$LL?K $+$R6V$9Y ;U9R65RL8L R4$ KU==6=2 ?* RW? 6=#$A$=5

#$=R RL8L! =# 6R ;ULR $ *LR $=?U24 R? AK?$LL ?R4 LRK$;L ?* #R 6= K$95R6;$D
* R46L 6L =?R A?LL69$! RW? L$AKR$ R4K$#L ;Y $ UL$# R? AK?$LL R4$ #R 6=LR$#
BL$$ 4AR$K SCD

B8= < @CG 
 6;@ B7

4$ AK?2K; ?= R4$ *?99?W6=2 A2$ UL$L  D%2%!G LRR$;$=R R? 6;A9$;$=R ?R4 R4$
RK=L;6R =# K$$6V$ L6#$L ?*  
 6=  L6=29$ R4K$#D
BB 15C@ 1 C@5C@

X@7+ 
 C B@MS  * 7=S MZ,M7@+ * B@MS  * 7=S SZ,M7@+ D $

7=S SZ[S, * MZ[S, O
7=S SZ * MZ O
7=S MZ7<, * SZ7<, O
7=S 7N . ]O
7=S 7N . ]O
S7<,M S<M * S<M O
Y57:, CAD $
70 C/ 7N  7NS CDD $
7N . AO
SZ . ]O
SZ[S, . 3,S[S, CDO
 ;) ]O RR SM=N<7S NSMS !7S
S<M ) 4 SZ7<, O RR N,S S7<,@VS 0@M +S !7S
SZ7<, G. SZ,M7@+ O
%
N,:,(S $
(N, / 7N . 4  Y5,= B7=N,H C]D ) 4 X@7+ )
7N . AO
S<M ) 4 MZ7<, O
MZ . ]O
MZ7<, G. MZ,M7@+ O
!M,9 O
(N, 7N . 4 S<M Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C MZ7<, D ) 4 X@7+ )
70 C MZ ; -D
 ) 4 44 MZ[S, O
,:N, $ RR M,(,7X, NS@B !7S
 ) 4 X@7+ O
BVS[S, C MZ[S, 44 U2DO
7N . ]O
%
MZ GGO
MZ7<, G. MZ,M7@+ O
!M,9 O
(N, 7N . 4 S<M Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C SZ7<, D ) 4 X@7+ )
70 C SZ ; -D
 ;) 44 SZ[S, O
,:N, 70 C SZ .. -D
 ;) AO RR NS@B !7S
,:N,
7N . ]O
SZ GGO
SZ7<, G. SZ,M7@+ O
!M,9 O
% % %

4$ VK69$L /D! GO ! /D =# CO #$R$K;6=$ W464 AKRL ?* R4$ 
 K$ R6V$
=# 4?W ;=Y 6RL ?* #R 4V$ $$= RK=L;6RR$# =# K$$6V$#D
B8 ;0@;+< .@+31 BA

4$ N-/2% 9??A .KLR 4$8L W4$R4$K R4$ RK=L;6RR$K 6L 6=R6V$ W6R4 #R V699$
R? RK=L;6R! 6= W464 L$ 6R ?URAURL  LRKR 6R =# L$RL R4$ R6;$?UR *?K ?URAURR6=2
R4$ .KLR #R 6RD
= R4$ D%2%!G LRR$;$=R! R4$ 2UK#
(N, / 7N . 4  Y5,= B7=N,H C]D ) 4 X@7+ )

4$8L W4$R4$K /D $FU9L Z$K?! 6=#6R6=2 R4R R4$ K$$6V$K 6L 6=R6V$! =# 6* L? 6R
$=9$L = 6=AUR ?= R4$ A?KR  W4$= R4$ V9U$ ?= 6RL A6=L $FU9L [D 4$ $XAK$LL6?=
?= R4$ 9$*R ?* R4$ ?A$KR?K ', 6L L6# R? (& R4$ 6=AURD 4$ ?#Y ?* R46L L$ L$RL 
R6;$?UR *?K 6=AURR6=2 R4$ .KLR #R 6RD
4$ L$?=# 2UK#
(N, 7N . 4 S<M Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C MZ7<, D ) 4 X@7+ )

4$8L W4$R4$K /D 6L =?=5Z$K?! 6=#6R6=2 R4R R4$ K$$6V$K 6L R6V$! =# 6* L?
$=9$L = 6=AUR ?= R4$ R6;$K G4CD 4$ ?#Y ?* R46L L$ 6=AURL R4$ =$XR 6R ?* #R
=#! ?=$ 99 6RL K$ 6=AUR! 6R LR?K$L R4$ #R =# L$RL /D 8 R? Z$K?D
4$ R46K# 2UK#
(N, 7N . 4 S<M Y5,= S7<,M0S,M C SZ7<, D ) 4 X@7+ )

4$8L W4$R4$K /D 6L =?=5Z$K?! 6=#6R6=2 R4R R4$ RK=L;6RR$K 6L R6V$! =# 6* L?
$=9$L = 6=AUR ?= R4$ R6;$K G4CD 4$ ?#Y ?* R46L L$ ?URAURL R4$ =$XR 6R ?*
#R =#! ?=$ 99 6RL K$ ?URAUR! 6R L$RL /D R? Z$K?D
* R46L 
 ?=RK?99$K 6L R? $ UL$# 6= =?6LY $=V6K?=;$=RL! 6RL K$96696RY ;Y

$ 6;AK?V$# Y L;A96=2 $4 6=AUR 6R ;U9R6A9$ R6;$L =# V$K26=2 R4$ K$LU9RD

;?K$ K?ULR 6;A9$;$=RR6?= W?U9# 9L? 4$8 R4R R4$ LR?A 6R K$$6V$# 4L =
$XA$R$# V9U$ ?* @D

B8 ;0@;+< .@+31

$9$R LRR$;$=RL = $ 6;A9$;$=R$# L *U=R6?=L! 99?W6=2 R4$6K K$UL$ 6= #6+$K$=R

?=R$XRLD =$ LU4 $X;A9$ UL$ 6L R? AK;$R$K6L$ R4$ ?#$ UL$# R? L;A9$ #R ?=
 RW?56R $=?#$# 96=$D
L L4?W= $9?W!  FU6$R LRR$ ?= R4$ 96=$ 6L K$AK$L$=R$# Y
R4$ V9U$ B[! [C! R4$ V9U$ [ 6L L62=6.$# Y  RK=L6R6?= R? B[! @C =# R4$ V9U$ @ 6L
L62=6.$# Y  RK=L6R6?= R? B@! [CD 6R4$K ?* R4$L$ RK=L6R6?=L 6L *?99?W$# Y =?R4$K
RK=L6R6?= 8 R? B[! [CD

Quiet
(0, 0) (0, 0)

(0, 1) (1, 0)
Receive 0 Receive 1
B& 15C@ 1 C@5C@

4$ AK?2K; $9?W ;8$L UL$ ?*  2&4 5(4#*( R? 6=AUR  L6=29$ YR$ ?* #R
*K?; RW? A6=L UL6=2 R46L L4$;$D
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= B@MS M] . AWWA
O
7= B@MS MA . AWWA O

N,:,(S 7=7S C 7= B@MS M] * 7= B@MS MA *

7=S  Z] * 7=S  ZA * (5M  ![S, D $
(N, M] Y5,= B7=N=,H C Z] D ) 4 Z] )
70 C Z] .. AD R SM=N7S7@= S@ CA * ]D R
![S, . C ![S, ;; AD # AO
!M,9 O
(N, MA Y5,= B7=N=,H C ZA D ) 4 ZA )
70 C ZA .. AD R SM=N7S7@= S@ C] * AD R
![S, . C ![S, ;; AD # ]O
!M,9 O
%

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S Z] . ] * ZA . ]O
(5M ![S, O
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;-O 7 GGD
7=7S C M] * MA * Z] * ZA * ![S, DO
%

4$ #$9KR6?=

D%2%!G /5/G:/5 97CG CR# /5 97CG C8# /5G OR# /5G O8# !-C PG%;

#$9K$L /5/G R? $  L$9$R *U=R6?= R4R R8$L .V$ K2U;$=RL =# 4L = 6;A966R
K$RUK= RYA$ ?* M7/$N 6RL ?#Y ?=R6=L RW? L$ LRR$;$=RLD
4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL $X;A9$ 6=AUR LR6;U96 *?K R46L AK?2K;D 4$
6R V9U$L K$$6V$# K$ [! @! [! [! [! [! [ =# @ BI
JCD

& (1A)

 (1B)

q 0 q 1 q 0 q 0 q 0 q 0 q 0 q 1 q

= ?=RKLR R?  
! W464 RK=L;6RL #R R  .X$# KR$! R46L L4$;$ 99?WL *?K
R4$ *LR$LR A?LL69$ RK=L;6LL6?= LUAA?KR$# Y =   #$V6$ =# R4$ ?;A?=$=R
R? W464 6R 6L ?==$R$#D
B8 ;0@;+< .@+31 B%

$=$.R ?* #$.=6=2 /5/G L  L$9$R *U=R6?= 6L R4R 6RL 6=#6V6#U9 L$L =
$ UL$# R? *?K; AKR ?*  9K2$K L$9$R LRR$;$=R! L 6= R4$ AK?2K; $9?W W464
#$?#$L  RW?5YR$ V9U$ L;A9$# ?= *?UK A6=LD
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4
? +,07=,  U

7= B@MS M &  U' . $ AWWA
* AWWA *

AWWA * AWWA %O
7=S <7= C X@7+ D $
7=S NSS, &  U' . $] * ] * ] * ]%O
(5M ![S, &  'O
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;-  O 7 GGD
N,:,(S $
(N, 7=7S C M &]' * M &A' * NSS, &]' * NSS, &A' * ![S, &]'DO
(N, 7=7S C M &U' * M &T' * NSS, &U' * NSS, &T' * ![S, &A'DO
%
%
4$ D%2%!G LRR$;$=R 99L R4$ *U=R6?= /5/G 6= RW? ?* 6RL !D% LRR$;$=RL! UL6=2
R4$ AK?$LL?K R? $=9$ $V$=RL ?= R4$ A?KRL ALL$# R? 6R L K2U;$=RLD

;?K$ ?=6L$ WY R? LA$6*Y R4$ R?A59$V$9 L$9$R LRR$;$=R 6L R? UL$  1,&#4*1!
L 6=
N,:,(S $
(N, C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;  O 7 GGD
7=7S C M & 7 U' * M & 7 UGA' * NSS, & 7 U' * NSS, & 7 UGA' * ![S, & 7 'DO
%
4$ K$A96R?K
C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;UO 7 GGD

6R$KR$L RW6$! $4 R6;$ 996=2 R4$ L$9$R *U=R6?= /5/G! W464 $=9$L R4$ A?KRL
6=#$X$# Y #6+$K$=R V9U$L ?* /D 4$ =U;$K ?* 6R$KR6?=L =$$# =?R $ ?=LR=R! UR
R4$ 6R$KR?K ;ULR =?R $ ;?#6.$# ?URL6#$ ?* R4$ K$A96R?KD
  
  $
31C;;1G

=Y #$L62=L K$FU6K$ ?*  ?99$R6?= ?* RL8L R? $ A$K*?K;$# R R4$ L;$ R6;$D ?;$
?* R4$L$ RL8L ;Y A$K*?K; 6=#$A$=#$=R R6V6R6$L! W469$ ?R4$KL $=22$ W6R4 ?=$
=?R4$K R? ?;A9$R$ L4K$# ?7$R6V$LD  AK?V6#$L L6;A9$ ;$4=6L;L *?K K$R6=2
*(511(4 4!12 R4R = KU= 6=#$A$=#$=R9Y =# 6=R$KR W6R4 ?=$ =?R4$K ?=
#$;=#D R 6L ?;;U=6R$# $RW$$= R4K$#L UL6=2 !((&2! W464 AK?V6#$
A?6=R5R?5A?6=R ?==$R6?=L $RW$$= A6KL ?* R4K$#LD 4==$9L = $ UL$# R?
?;;U=6R$ #R $6R4$K LY=4K?=?UL9Y ?K LY=4K?=?UL9YD

A84 ;@+1' 31C;;1@ );<

4$ AK?2K; $9?W K$R$L *?UK ?=UKK$=R R4K$#L! 99 ?* W464 KU= L$AKR$ RL8L
6=#$A$=#$=R9Y ?* ?=$ =?R4$KD W? ?* R4$L$ R4K$#L K$ $X$UR$# ?= ?K$ [! ?=$ ?=
?K$ @ =# ?=$ ?= ?K$ TD
? 7=(:V+, ; B:S0@M< F5 4

@= NS+(@M, &]' ) @VS B@MS SZ . AWWA
O

@= NS+(@M, &]' ) 7= B@MS MZ . AWWA O
@= NS+(@M, &A' ) @VS B@MS :(+S . AWWTU
O
@= NS+(@M, &U' ) 7= B@MS 9,[N . AWW- O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

BM $
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) VMS C SZ DO
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) VMS C MZ DO
@= NS+(@M, &A' ) :(+M7X, C :(+S DO
@= NS+(@M, &U' ) 9! 7NS,= C 9,[N DO
%
%
B 31C;;1G

4$ 4$#$K .9$ 92G)7C4=- AK?V6#$L  #$9KR6?= ?* R4$ 29?9 VK69$ DG$!7C%!
W464 6L UL$# R? LA$6*Y R4$ 9?R6?=L ?* A?KRL =# R4K$#LD@
4$ #$9KR6?=
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) @VS B@MS B . AWWA
O

#$9K$L  @56R ?URAUR A?KR =;$# 9 R4R K$*$KL R? R4$ A?KR 6#$=R6.$K @
?= LR=#K#
?K$ =U;$K [D
4$ *?UK LRR$;$=RL 6=L6#$ R4$ K$L ?* R4$ 9C K$ KU= ?=UKK$=R9Y L *?UK
L$AKR$ R4K$#L UL6=2 *1%"$*#( ,1&&&#2' R R4$ ?A$=6=2 K$  R4$ AK$=R K$R$L
R4K$$ ;?K$ R4K$#LN $4 ?* R4$L$ R4K$#L R4$= $X$UR$L  *U=R6?=N =# R R4$ 9?L6=2
K$  R4$ AK$=R W6RL *?K 99 *U=R6?=L R? K$RUK= $*?K$ ?=R6=U6=2D
9C LRR$;$=RL ;Y $ UL$# =YW4$K$ 6=  AK?2K;D 4 @ #$V6$ 4L  96;6R
?* $624R R4K$#L V699$ ?= $4 ?* 6RL AK?$LL?KL! =#  AK?2K; R4R RR$;ARL R?
$X$$# R46L 96;6R 6L 6=V96#D
4$ 75 LRR$;$=R 6L UL$# R? LA$6*Y R4$ A4YL69 9?R6?= ?* ?;A?=$=RL ?=5
=$R$# R? A?KRL =# R? AKR6R6?=  ?99$R6?= ?* R4K$#L $RW$$= R4$ V699$ ?K$LD
?K L6=29$5?K$ AK?2K;L! =?=$ ?* R4$ A?KR #$9KR6?=L =$$# $ AK$.X$# W6R4 75!
6= W464 L$ 99 A?KRL =# R4K$#L K$ A9$# ?= ?K$ [D ?K ;U9R6?K$ AK?2K;L!
99 A?KRL =# R4K$#L ;ULR $ $XA966R9Y AK$.X$# W6R4 75D


;U9R6?K$ 4/5 *U=R6?= ;Y ?=R6= ?=9Y 4==$9 #$9KR6?=L!  L6=29$ 9C
LRR$;$=R =# = ?AR6?=9 C%GKC5 LRR$;$=RD 4$ 75 LRR$;$=R ;Y $ UL$# R?
LA$6*Y R4$ 9?R6?= ?* R4K$#L ?=9Y W6R46= R46L *U=R6?=D

A8B ); +<,3+1@1<< C.<

99 VK69$L K$ LU7$R R? UL2$ KU9$L R4R AK$V$=R R4$; *K?; $6=2 L4K$# Y
R4K$#L 6= A?R$=R699Y #=2$K?UL WYLD = 2$=$K9! $4 R4K$# 4L *U99 $LL R?
6RL ?W= AK6VR$ VK69$L! UR 96;6R$# $LL R? VK69$L R4R K$ L4K$# W6R4 ?R4$K
R4K$#LD 4$ KU9$L *?K #6L7?6=R=$LL ?=  L$R ?* R4K$#L [ D D D  =#  L$R ?* VK69$L
[ D D D  K$ L *?99?WL

 * R4K$# * ?=R6=L =Y ;?#6.R6?= R? VK69$ + R4$= =?=$ ?* R4$ ?R4$K

R4K$#L B(  (  *C K$ 99?W$# R? UL$ + D

 * R4K$# * ?=R6=L  K$*$K$=$ R? VK69$ + R4$= =?=$ ?* R4$ ?R4$K R4K$#L

B(  (  *C K$ 99?W$# R? ;?#6*Y + D

 * R4K$# * ?=R6=L  K$*$K$=$ R? A?KR ! R4$= =?=$ ?* R4$ ?R4$K R4K$#L K$
99?W$# R? UL$ ! D

@ 4$ RK2$R A9R*?K; 6L #$LK6$# UL6=2 R4$   =$RW?K8 LA$.R6?= 9=2U2$ D ?LR ?K#

LUAA?KR A82$L AK?V6#$  ?KK$LA?=#6=2  .9$! W464 #$LK6$L R4$ V699$ #$V6$L =# R4$6K
?==$R6V6RYD 46L #R 6L UL$# #UK6=2 R4$ ;AA6=2 LR2$ ?* ?;A69R6?= R? AK?#UR  ;U9R65=?#$
$X$UR9$ .9$ R4R = ??R =# ?=.2UK$ R4$ $=R6K$ LYLR$;D
A8B ); +<,3+1@1<< C.< B2

= ?R4$K W?K#L!  2K?UA ?* R4K$#L = 4V$ 2!1 K$#5?=9Y $LL R?  VK69$!
UR ?=9Y  L6=29$ R4K$# = 4V$ 8&52#6 K$#5WK6R$ $LL R?  VK69$D 4$L$
KU9$L 2UK=R$$ R4R $4 R4K$# 4L  W$995#$.=$# ;$=6=2 R4R 6L 6=#$A$=#$=R ?*
R4$ ?K#$K 6= W464 6=LRKUR6?=L 6= ?R4$K R4K$#L K$ L4$#U9$#D =R$KR6?= $RW$$=
R4K$#L R8$L A9$ $XA966R9Y UL6=2 6=AURL =# ?URAURL ?= 4==$9L BL$$ MSDSCD

A8B84 F05.<

4$ $X;A9$ AK?2K; $9?W 6L 9$29! L6=$ 1 6L L4K$# K$#5?=9Y 6= R4K$#L  =#  !
/ 6L ;?#6.$# 6=  =# =?R UL$# 6=  ! =# 0 6L ;?#6.$# 6=  =# =?R UL$# 6= D

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S 7 . A * 8 . U * 9 . TO
BM $
7 . 9 G AO RR 5M,+ 
8 . 9 6 AO RR 5M,+ 
%
%

* $6R4$K / ?K 0 6L 9L? K$# 6= =?R4$K R4K$#! R4$ $X;A9$ $?;$L 699$29! L L4?W=
6= R4$ AK?2K; $9?WD

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S 7 . A * 8 . U * 9 O
BM $
7 . 8 G AO RR 5M,+  ) 7::,3: N5M7=3 @0 7
9 . 7 6 AO RR 5M,+  ) 7::,3: N5M7=3 @0 7
%
%

46L AK?2K; 6L ;62U?UL L6=$ R4$ V9U$ ?* / K$# 6= R4K$#  #$A$=#L UA?=
W4$R4$K R4$ LL62=;$=R R? / 6= R4K$#  4L 9K$#Y 4AA$=$# ?K =?RD
4$ AK?2K; $9?W 6L 9$29! L6=$ R 6L ;?#6.$# 6= R4K$#  =# =?R UL$# 6=
R4K$#  ! =# 8 6L ;?#6.$# 6=  =# =?R UL$# 6= D

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S  &U'O
BM $
 &]' . 0 C]DO RR 5M,+ 
 &A' . 0 CADO RR 5M,+ 
%
%
AI 31C;;1G

4$ AK?2K; $9?W 6L 699$29 L6=$ 8 6L ;?#6.$# 6= R4K$#  =# = U=8=?W=
$9$;$=R ?*  6L ;?#6.$# 6= R4K$#  D

7=S Z O
7=S <7= C X@7+ D $
7=S  &A]'O
BM $
 &A' . 0 CADO RR 5M,+  ) 7::,3: N5M7=3 @0 Z &A'
 & Z ' . 0 C Z DO RR 5M,+  ) 7::,3: N5M7=3 @0 Z &A'
%
%

= 2$=$K9! 6=#$X6=2 = KKY Y =YR46=2 ?R4$K R4=  ?=LR=R V9U$ 6L RK$R$# L 6*

99 $9$;$=RL 6= R4$ KKY K$ $LL$#D
4$ AK?2K; $9?W 6L 699$29 L6=$ R4$ KKY  6L ALL$# Y K$*$K$=$ R? R4$
*U=R6?= ) 6= ?R4 R4K$#L  =#  ! W464 ;Y A?LL69Y ;?#6*Y 6RL V9U$D

X@7+ 0 C 7=S &'DO

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S  &A]'O
BM $
0 C  DO RR 5M,+  ) 7::,3: N5M7=3 @0 
0 C  DO RR 5M,+  ) 7::,3: N5M7=3 @0 
%
%

* ) #?$L =?R ;?#6*Y R4$ KKY R4$= 6RL AK;$R$K L4?U9# $ #$9K$# W6R4 !75DG!
W464 W?U9# ;8$ R4$ ?V$ AK?2K; 9$29D
4$ #6L7?6=R=$LL KU9$L AA9Y 6=#6V6#U99Y R? AK99$9 LRR$;$=RL 6= L$FU$=$! =#
K$UKL6V$9Y R? =$LR$# AK99$9 LRR$;$=RLD 4$ $X;A9$ AK?2K; $9?W 6L 9$29D

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S 7 . A * 8 . U * 9 . TO
BM $
7 . 9 G AO RR 5M,+ 
8 . 9 6 AO RR 5M,+ 
%
7 . 7 G AO
BM $
8 . 7 6 AO RR 5M,+ 
9 . 7 G AO RR 5M,+ 
%
%

= R46L $X;A9$! / 6L .KLR #$9K$# =# 6=6R696L$# 6= R4$ ;6= R4K$#N 6R 6L R4$= UL$#
$X9UL6V$9Y 6= R4K$#  BR4K$#  6L =?R 99?W$# $LLCD =$  =#  4V$ 7?6=$#!
/ 6R 6L UL$# 26= Y R4$ ;6= R4K$#N .=99Y 6R 6L L4K$# $WR$$= R4K$#L  =#  D
A8A )11. 300C1+@+31 A4

A8A )11. 300C1+@+31

!((& AK?V6#$L  LY=4K?=?UL! A?6=R5R?5A?6=R ?==$R6?= $RW$$= RW? R4K$#L

?V$K W464 #R ;Y $ ?;;U=6R$#D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W UL$L  4==$9 R?
?;;U=6R$ #R *K?;  AK?#U$K R4K$# ?= ?=$ AK?$LL?K R?  ?=LU;$K R4K$#
?= =?R4$KD

? 7=(:V+, ; B:S0@M< F5 4

@= NS+(@M, &]' ) @VS B@MS SZ . AWWA
O

@= NS+(@M, &A' ) 7= B@MS 9,[N . AWW- O

X@7+ VMS C (5=,=+ +S = * B@MS SZ D $

(5M +S O
Y57:, CAD $
+S = ) 4 +S O
SM=N<7S[S, C SZ * +S DO
%
%

X@7+ 9! 7NS,= C (5=,=+ ( * B@MS 9,[N D $

(5M +S O
Y57:, CAD $
+S . Y7S@M ,[SM@9, C 9,[N DO
( ;) +S O
%
%

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

(5= ( O
BM $
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) VMS C( * SZ DO RR 5M,+ 
@= NS+(@M, &A' ) 9! 7NS,= C( * 9,[N DO RR 5M,+ 
%
%

4$ #$9KR6?=

X@7+ VMS C (5=,=+ +S = * B@MS SZ D

#$9K$L KCG R? $  *U=R6?= R4R R8$L  4==$9 $=# =#  A?KR L 6RL K2U;$=RLD
4$ #$9KR6?=

X@7+ 9! 7NS,= C (5=,=+ ( * B@MS 9,[N DO

#$9K$L 1 /DG%5 R? $  *U=R6?= R4R R8$L  4==$9 $=# =#  A?KR L 6RL
K2U;$=RD
AB 31C;;1G

= R4$ *U=R6?= 4/5! R4$ #$9KR6?=

(5= ( O

#$9K$L  4==$9D 4$ 4==$9 6L UL$# 6= RW? R4K$#L ?*  9C =# $4 UL$
6;A966R9Y K$*$KL R? ?=$ ?* 6RL RW? 4==$9 $=#LD 46L UL2$ $LR96L4$L  96=8 $RW$$=
R4K$#  ?= ?K$ [ =# R4K$#  ?= ?K$ @D
4K$#  99L R4$ *U=R6?= KCG! W464 K$$6V$L #R ?V$K  4==$9 =#
?URAURL 6R R?  A?KRD 4K$#  99L 1 /DG%5! W464 W6RL *?K 8$Y?K# LRK?8$L *K?;
 A?KR =# ?URAURL R4$ #R ?=  4==$9 R? R4$ 
 RK=L;6RR$K ?= R4K$# D
L
R4$ 4==$9 6L LY=4K?=?UL! W4$= 1 /DG%5 ?URAURL #R! 6R W6RL U=R69 KCG 6L
K$#Y R? K$$6V$ R4$ #R $*?K$ ?=R6=U6=2D
4==$9L K$ 9?LL9$LL! W464 ;$=L R4R #R ?URAUR 6= ?=$ R4K$# 6L 2UK=R$$#
R? $ #$96V$K$# *?K 6=AUR Y =?R4$K R4K$#D 4 ?URAUR 6= ?=$ R4K$# ;ULR R4$K$*?K$
$ ;R4$# Y = 6=AUR 6= =?R4$K! =# R4$ ;?U=R ?* #R ?URAUR ;ULR $FU9 R4$
;?U=R 6=AUR ?K $9L$ R4$ AK?2K; 6L 6=V96#D

A8A84 )11. +<,3+1@1<< C.<

4$ KU9$L *?K #6L7?6=R=$LL ?=  L$R ?* R4K$#L [ D D D  =#  L$R ?* 4==$9L [ D D D 
K$ L *?99?WL

 * R4K$#L * =# + BW4$K$ *  +C ?=R6=  UL$ ?* 4==$9 + R4$= =?=$ ?*

R4$ ?R4$K R4K$#L B(  (  * +C K$ 99?W$# UL$ + D

 * R4K$# * ?=R6=L  UL$ ?* 4==$9 $=# + R4$= =?=$ ?* R4$ ?R4$K R4K$#L
B(  (  *C K$ 99?W$# R? UL$ + D

= ?R4$K W?K#L! $4 4==$9 = $ UL$# 6= R ;?LR RW? R4K$#LD *  4==$9 6L
UL$# 6= ?=9Y ?=$ R4K$# R4$= RR$;AR6=2 R? 6=AUR ?K ?URAUR ?= R4$ 4==$9 W699 9?8
*?K$V$KD
4$ #6L7?6=R=$LL KU9$L *?K VK69$L =# 4==$9L R?2$R4$K 2UK=R$$ R4R =Y RW?
R4K$#L = $ KU= ?=UKK$=R9Y ?= =Y RW? AK?$LL?KL! LU7$R R?  A4YL69 K?UR$
$X6LR6=2 $RW$$= R4$ AK?$LL?KLD
L  2$=$K9 KU9$! R4K$#L R4R 6=R$KR W6R4 ?=$
=?R4$K *K$FU$=R9Y L4?U9# ULU99Y $ 9?R$# 9?L$ R?2$R4$KD

A8& ;1<@+31<
=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL ?= 4==$9L ULU99Y LY=4K?=6L$ R4$ ?;;U=6R6?= ?*
#RD 46L 6L =?R 9WYL #$L6K9$! 4?W$V$K! L 6R #6LKUARL R4$ 0?W ?* R4$ AK?2K;!
UL6=2 R4K$#L R? 9?8D 4$ R6;$ R8$= R? LY=4K?=6L$! 6=9U#6=2 R4$ R6;$ LA$=R
6#9$ W469$ 9?86=2! = K$#U$ ?V$K99 A$K*?K;=$D
=  6R 6L A?LL69$ *?K RW? R4K$#L R? $=22$ 6=  41(24#*(! 6= W464  L$FU$=$
?* ;R46=2 ?URAURL =# 6=AURL K$ ?;;U=6R$# ?V$K  4==$9 LY=4K?=?UL9Y!
W6R4 R4$ $=R6K$ RK=LR6?= $6=2 LY=4K?=6L$# R 6RL $26==6=2 =# $=#D
L W6R4
A8& ;1<@+31< AA

6=#6V6#U9 4==$9 ?;;U=6R6?=L! R4$ R?R9 ;?U=R ?* #R ?URAUR ;ULR $FU9 R4$
R?R9 ;?U=R 6=AURD
4$ AK?2K; $9?W UL$L  RK=LR6?= R? ?;;U=6R$  A8$R ?* #R $RW$$=
RW? R4K$#L $,6$=R9YD
? 7=(:V+, ; B:S0@M< F5 4

7=S N=+ &T' * M(X &T'O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

(5= ( O
BM $
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) <NS,M $ RR 5M,+ 
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;A]O 7 GGD
( ;) N=+ & 7 'O
%
@= NS+(@M, &A' ) N:X, $ RR 5M,+ 
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;A]O 7 GGD
( ) 4 M(X & 7 'O
% % %

RK=LR6?= ?=L6LRL ?*  '241 R4K$# =#  2&6 R4K$# KU==6=2 ?=UKK$=R9YD
4$ R4K$#L .KLR LY=4K?=6L$ UA?= $=RKY R? R4$ ;LR$K =# L9V$ 9?8LD $= 6=R$2$K
V9U$L K$ R4$= ?;;U=6R$# LY=4K?=?UL9Y R4K$#  9?8L ?=9Y 6* #R = =?
9?=2$K $ #6LAR4$# B#U$ R? R4$ 4==$9 U+$K6=2 $6=2 *U99C! =# R4K$#  9?8L
?=9Y 6* R4$K$ 6L =? #R V699$D 6=99Y! R4$ R4K$#L LY=4K?=6L$ UA?= $X6R6=2 R4$
;LR$K =# L9V$ 9?8LD
4 RK=LR6?= 6L A$K;6RR$# R? ?;;U=6R$ ?= AK$6L$9Y ?=$ 4==$9D 46L
$=LUK$L R4R #$#9?8L #? =?R K6L$ #U$ R? = ?URAUR ?= ?=$ 4==$9 9?86=2 L 
K$LU9R ?*  LW6R4 $6=2 *U99 W6R4 6=?;6=2 #R R4R 6L =?R Y$R K$#Y R? $ K$$6V$#D
4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L R4$ ?#Y ?*  RK=LR6?= L  *U=R6?=! W464 6L
99$# L R4$ ;LR$K ?;A?=$=R ?*  ?;;U=6R6?=D

SM=N(S7@= 7=
MM[ C (5=,=+ ( * 7=S +S &' * 7=S N7\, D $

0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ; N7\, O 7 GGD
( ) 4 +S & 7 'O
%

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

(5= ( O
7=S N=+ &T' * M(X &T'O
BM $
<NS,M 7=
MM[ C( * M(X * TDO
N:X, $
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;A]O 7 GGD
( ) 4 M(X & 7 'O
% % %
A& 31C;;1G

4$ #$9KR6?=
SM=N(S7@= 7=
MM[ C (5=,=+ ( * (5M +S &' * 7=S N7\, D
#$9K$L /5
CCP R? $  RK=LR6?= *U=R6?= R4R R8$L ?=$ $=# ?*  4==$9! =
KKY ?* 6=R$2$KL =# R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ KKYD
RK=LR6?= *U=R6?= ;ULR #$9K$
AK$6L$9Y ?=$ 4==$9 $=# AK;$R$KD
= 4/5! R4$ 99 R? /5
CCP 6L AK$.X$# W6R4 4DG%C! W464 LA$6.$L R4R R4$
*U=R6?= 6L 99$# L  ;LR$K R4R ?;;U=6R$L W6R4  L9V$D

L9V$ LRR$;$=R ;Y $ UL$# 6= R4$ 2UK# ?*  D%2%!G LRR$;$=R! L 6=
N,:,(S $
(N, N:X, $ 7=
MM[ C (A * B(9,S * W  DO % )
BM@(,NN C B(9,S DO
!M,9 O
(N, N:X, $ 7=
MM[ C (U * B(9,S * W  DO % )
BM@(,NN C B(9,S DO
!M,9 O
%

;LR$K ?A$KR6?= Y #$.=6R6?= ?;;6RL R? ?;A9$R6=2 =# 6L R4$K$*?K$ #6L99?W$#
*K?; AA$K6=2 6=  2UK#D

A8% @;0<

241'#( !((& $LR96L4$L  A$K;=$=R K?UR$ $RW$$= RW? R4K$#L ?V$K W464
#R = $ $,6$=R9Y ?;;U=6R$# W6R4?UR LY=4K?=6LR6?=D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W
?=L6LRL ?* R4K$$ R4K$#L R4R R?2$R4$K 6=AUR  LRK$; ?* #R *K?;  A?KR! .9R$K R4$
#R =# ?URAUR 6R R? =?R4$K A?KRD
? 7=(:V+, ; B:S0@M< F5 4

@= NS+(@M, &]' ) B@MS :7=, = . AWW-
O

@= NS+(@M, &A' ) B@MS NB9VS . AWW-
O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

NSM,<7=3 (5= NA * NU O
BM $
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) V+7@(X C :7=, = * NA DO
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) 7V+7:S,M C NA * NU DO
@= NS+(@M, &A' ) V+7@=+ C NB9VS * NU DO
% %
4$ #$9KR6?=
NSM,<7=3 (5= NA * NU O
#$9K$L D8 =# DJ L 4==$9L R4R RK=LA?KR #R W6R4?UR A$K*?K;6=2 =Y LY=4K?5
=6LR6?=D
K?UR$ 6L $LR96L4$# *?K R4$ LRK$; R 6RL #$9KR6?= =# 6L 9?L$# #?W=
W4$= R4$ #$9KR6?= 2?$L ?UR ?* L?A$D
A8> ;... 5.+@+31 A%

RK$;6=2 4==$9L AK?V6#$ R4$ *LR$LR A?LL69$ #R KR$LD
= ?URAUR LRR$;$=R
R8$L 7ULR  L6=29$ 6=LRKUR6?= R? ?;A9$R$ =# 6L #6LAR4$# 6;;$#6R$9Y L 9?=2 L
R4$K$ 6L LA$ 6= R4$ 4==$9JL U+$KD
= 6=AUR LRR$;$=R R8$L  L6=29$ 6=LRKUR6?= R?
?;A9$R$ =# 9?8L ?=9Y 6* R4$ 4==$9 U+$KJL 6L $;ARYD = ?=RKLR R? RK=LR6?=L!
;U9R6A9$ LRK$;L = $ AK?$LL$# ?=UKK$=R9Y! UR R4$K$ 6L  96;6R R? 4?W ;=Y
LRK$;6=2 4==$9L = $ #$9K$# R?2$R4$K L LRK$;L $LR96L4$# $RW$$= ?K$L
K$FU6K$ A6RY R? $ K$L$KV$# 6= LW6R4$LD 46L 96;6R #?$L =?R AA9Y R? 4==$9L
=# RK=LR6?=LD

A8> ;... 5.+@+31

1,&#4*1 AK?V6#$L  ?=6L$ =# L6;A9$ WY R? 6;A9$;$=R ?=UKK$=R AK?2K;L

6= W464  ?99$R6?= ?* =?#$L A$K*?K; R4$ L;$ ?A$KR6?= ?= #6+$K$=R #RL$RLD 4$
AK?2K; $9?W ?=LRKURL  ?;;U=6R6?=L =$RW?K8 $RW$$= *?UK =?#$L KU==6=2
?= *?UK #6+$K$=R R4K$#LD

? 7=(:V+, ; B:S0@M< F5 4

B@MS B &2' . $
@= NS+(@M, &]' ) AWWA
*
@= NS+(@M, &A' ) AWWA
*
@= NS+(@M, &U' ) AWWA
*
@= NS+(@M, &T' ) AWWA

%O

X@7+ =@+, C (5=,=+ * (5=,=+ * B@MS * 7=S = DO

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

(5= ( &2'O
BM C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;2O 7 GGD
@= NS+(@M, & 7 ' ) =@+, C ( & 7 ' * ( &C 7 GADE2' * B & 7 ' * 7 DO
M,SVM= ]O
%

4$ K$A96R?K

C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;2O 7 GGD

$X$UR$L *?UK ?#6$L ?* ?#$! $4 ?=R6=6=2 = 6=LR=$ ?* R4$ *U=R6?= 57$% ?= 
#6+$K$=R R4K$#D 4$ =U;$K ?* 6R$KR6?=L ;ULR $ ?=LR=R! =# R4$ 6R$KR?K ;ULR
=?R $ ;?#6.$# ?URL6#$ ?* R4$ K$A96R?KD 4$ ?;;U=6R6?= =$RW?K8 $LR96L4$#
Y R46L AK?2K; 6L 699ULRKR$# ?= R4$ =$XR A2$D
A> 31C;;1G

XCore 0 XCore 3

Channel Ends
Channel Ends
Switch
XCore 1 XCore 2

Channel Ends
Channel Ends

4$ LRKURUK$ ?* R46L AK?2K; 6L L6;69K R?  R?8$= K6=2 =$RW?K8! 6= W464 $4 R4K$#
6=AURL  R?8$= *K?; ?=$ ?* 6RL =$624?UKL! A$K*?K;L = R6?= =# R4$= ?URAURL R4$
R?8$= R? 6RL ?R4$K =$624?UKD

A8= ;D+<

=   =$RW?K8 = 6=R$K*$ W6R4 =Y #$V6$ R4R 6;A9$;$=RL R4$   6=8
AK?R??9D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W ?;;U=6R$L W6R4 = 
L$KV6$ ?==$R$# R? R4$
=$RW?K8D
? 7=(:V+, ; B:S0@M< F5 4
B@MS B . AWWA
O

X@7+ 7=S C (5=,=+ ( * B@MS B D $

RR FFF 7=BVS +S 0M@< B =+ @VSBVS S@ (
%

N,MX7(, 0B3  C (5=,=+ DO

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

(5= ( O
BM $
7=S C( * B DO
0B3  C ( DO
% %
4$ #$9KR6?=
N,MX7(, 0B3  C (5=,=+ DO
#$9K$L )9+  R? $  L$KV6$ V699$ ?= R4$   =$RW?K8D
*U=R6?= #$9K$#
L  L$KV6$ ;Y ?=R6= ?=9Y 4==$95$=# AK;$R$KL =# ;ULR =?R $ 26V$= 
A8 ); ;"3;01 A=

#$.=6R6?=D 4$ 4KR$K6LR6L ?* R4$ 96=8L UL$# R? 6;A9$;$=R R4$ 4==$9 $=#L K$
#$.=$# 6= R4$  .9$D

=?R4$K UL$ ?* L$KV6$L 6L *?K 6=R$K*6=2 W6R4 *U=R6?=L AK$5AK?2K;;$# 6=R?
R4$ =?=5V?9R69$ ;$;?KY ?* = ?K$ Y  R46K#5AKRY ;=U*RUK$KD YA699Y! R4$
;=U*RUK$K AK?V6#$L =  .9$ R4R ?=R6=L 99 L$KV6$ #$9KR6?=L! W464 K$
V699$ 6= R4$ .9$ 392G)7C4=-,D

A8 ); ;"3;01
4$   K46R$RUK$ 6L #$L62=$# R? A$K*?K; ;U9R6A9$ K$95R6;$ RL8L ?=UKK$=R9Y!
$4 ?* W464 6L 2UK=R$$# AK$#6R9$ R4K$# A$K*?K;=$D 4 AK?$LL?K UL$L 
K?U=#5K?6= R4K$# L4$#U9$K! W464 2UK=R$$L R4R 6* UA R? *?UK R4K$#L K$ R6V$!
$4 R4K$# 6L 99?R$#  FUKR$K ?* R4$ AK?$LL6=2 Y9$LD * ;?K$ R4= *?UK R4K$#L
@
K$ R6V$! $4 R4K$# 6L 99?R$# R 9$LR  Y9$L B*?K  R4K$#LCD 4$ ;6=6;U;
A$K*?K;=$ ?*  R4K$# = R4$K$*?K$ $ 9U9R$# Y ?U=R6=2 R4$ =U;$K ?*
?=UKK$=R R4K$#L R  LA$6. A?6=R 6= R4$ AK?2K;D
4$ 2KA4 $9?W L4?WL R4$ 2UK=R$$# A$K*?K;=$ ?R6=9$ *K?; $4 R4K$#
?=  1[[ Z ?K$! #$A$=#6=2 ?= R4$ R?R9 =U;$K ?* R4K$#L 6= UL$D

100

90

80
Guaranteed MIPS per thread

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of threads in use

$UL$ 6=#6V6#U9 R4K$#L ;Y $ #$9Y$# ?= Q! R4$6K U=UL$# AK?$LL?K Y9$L
= $ R8$= Y ?R4$K R4K$#LD 4UL! *?K ;?K$ R4= *?UK R4K$#L! R4$ A$K*?K;=$ ?*
$4 R4K$# 6L ?*R$= 4624$K R4= R4$ ;6=6;U; L4?W= ?V$D
  
  
.3- 15C@ 1 C@5C@

=Y AK?R??9L K$FU6K$ #R R? $ L;A9$# =# #K6V$= ?= LA$6. $#2$L ?*  9?8D
?KRL = $ ?=.2UK$# R? UL$ $6R4$K = 6=R$K=99Y 2$=$KR$# 9?8 ?K = $XR$K=99Y
L?UK$# 9?8! =# R4$ AK?$LL?K = K$?K# =# ?=RK?9 ?= W464 $#2$L $4 6=AUR
=# ?URAUR ?A$KR6?= ?UKLD = ! R4$L$ ?A$KR6?=L = $ #6K$R9Y $XAK$LL$# 6=
R4$ 6=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL UL6=2 R4$ 4#'24', =# 4#' ?A$KR?KLD

&84 1;@+1'  .3- +'1.

4$ AK?2K; $9?W ?=.2UK$L  A?KR R? $ 9?8$# R  KR$ ?* @TD/ Z! ?URAURR6=2
R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 9?8 L62=9 W6R4 6RL ?URAUR #RD
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

@VS B@MS @VS . AWW-
O

@VS B@MS @VS:@(9 . AWWA
O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W M  S , C (:9 * A]] * -DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S C @VS * (:9 * ]DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W B @ M S W ( : @ ( 9 W @ V S B V S C @VS:@(9 * (:9 DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO

0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;1O 7 GGD

@VS ;) 7 O
%
&I .3- 15C@ 1 C@5C@

4$ AK?2K; ?=.2UK$L R4$ A?KRL 7KG =# 7KG27!1 L 699ULRKR$# $9?WD

#!  3 
Clock signal (1A) (1)
1 12.5 MHz

#!
Data signal (8A) 

PINS PORTS CLOCK BLOCK PROCESSOR

4$ #$9KR6?=

(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

#$9K$L  9?8 =;$# !21! W464 K$*$KL R? R4$ &*% &*% 6#$=R6.$K 8L  L8D
9?8L K$ #$9K$# L 29?9 VK69$L! W6R4 $4 #$9KR6?= 6=6R696L$# W6R4  U=6FU$
K$L?UK$ 6#$=R6.$KD

4$ LRR$;$=R

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W M  S , C (:9 * A]] * -DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ 9?8 !21 R? 4V$  KR$ ?* @TD/ ZD 4$ KR$ 6L LA$6.$# L  *KR6?=
B@[[Q%C $UL$  ?=9Y LUAA?KRL 6=R$2$K K6R4;$R6 RYA$LD
 4$ LRR$;$=R

( @ =0 7 3 VM , W @ V S W B @ M S C @VS * (:9 * ]DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ ?URAUR A?KR 7KG R? $ 9?8$# Y R4$ 9?8 !21! W6R4 = 6=6R69 V9U$
?* [ #K6V$= ?= 6RL A6=LD
 4$ LRR$;$=R

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W B @ M S W ( : @ ( 9 W @ V S B V S C @VS:@(9 * (:9 D

UL$L R4$ 9?8 L62=9 !21 R? $ #K6V$= ?= R4$ A6= ?==$R$# R? R4$ A?KR 7KG27!1!
W464  K$$6V$K = UL$ R? L;A9$ R4$ #R #K6V$= Y R4$ A?KR 7KGD
&8B <+1' 1 F@;1. .3- &4

4$ LRR$;$=R

NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO

UL$L R4$ 9?8 9?8 R? LRKR AK?#U6=2 $#2$LD

A?KR 4L = 6=R$K=9 @P56R ?U=R$K! W464 6L 6=K$;$=R$# ?= $4 *996=2 $#2$
?* 6RL 9?8D 4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K! 9?8 L62=9 =#
#R #K6V$= Y R4$ A?KRD

Port counter 11 12 13 14 15 16

#!  (1B)
Clock signal

#! (1A)
Data signal
0x0 0x0 0x1 0x2 0x3 0x4 0x4

= ?URAUR Y R4$ AK?$LL?K UL$L R4$ A?KR R? #K6V$ ?URAUR #R ?= R4$ =$XR *996=2
$#2$ ?* 6RL 9?8N R4$ #R 6L 4$9# Y R4$ A?KR U=R69 =?R4$K ?URAUR 6L A$K*?K;$#D

&8B <+1' 1 F@;1. .3-

4$ *?99?W6=2 AK?2K; ?=.2UK$L  A?KR R? LY=4K?=6L$ R4$ L;A96=2 ?* #R R? =

$XR$K=9 9?8D

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= B@MS 7= . AWW-
O

7= B@MS 7=:@(9 . AWWA
O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S C 7= * (:9 DO

NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO
0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ;1O 7 GGD
7= ) 4 7=S Z O
%
&B .3- 15C@ 1 C@5C@

4$ AK?2K; ?=.2UK$L R4$ A?KRL /5 =# /527!1 L 699ULRKR$# $9?WD

1
Clock signal   
(1A) (1)


Data signal (8A) 

PINS PORTS CLOCK BLOCK PROCESSOR

4$ LRR$;$=R
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
?=.2UK$L R4$ @56R 6=AUR A?KR /527!1 R? AK?V6#$ $#2$L *?K R4$ 9?8 !21D
= $#2$
?UKL $V$KY R6;$ R4$ V9U$ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR 4=2$LD
 4$ LRR$;$=R
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S C 7= * (:9 DO
?=.2UK$L R4$ 6=AUR A?KR /5 R? $ 9?8$# Y R4$ 9?8 !21D
4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K! 9?8 L62=9! =# $X;A9$
6=AUR LR6;U96D

Port counter 11 12 13 14 15 16

  (1A)
Clock signal

 (8A)
Data signal
0x7 0x5 0x3 0x1 0x0

= 6=AUR Y R4$ AK?$LL?K UL$L R4$ A?KR R? L;A9$ #R ?= R4$ =$XR K6L6=2 $#2$ ?*
6RL 9?8D 4$ V9U$L 6=AUR K$ [XO! [X/! [XS! [X@ =# [X[D

&8A ;"3;0+1' ? 31 5+$ .3- '<

R 6L ?*R$= =$$LLKY R? A$K*?K; = Q ?A$KR6?= ?=  A?KR R  LA$6. R6;$ W6R4
K$LA$R R? 6RL 9?8D 4$ AK?2K; ?= R4$ *6=2 A2$ #K6V$L  A6= 4624 ?= R4$ R46K#
9?8 A$K6?# =# 9?W ?= R4$ .*R4D
&8& < @CG  ;1 ;+D; &A

X@7+ +@@33:, C @VS B@MS S@33:, D $

7=S (@V=S O
S@33:, ;) ]
(@V=S O RR S7<,NS<B,+ @VSBVS
Y57:, CAD $
(@V=S G. TO
S@33:,
(@V=S ;) AO RR S7<,+ @VSBVS
(@V=S G. UO
S@33:,
(@V=S ;) ]O RR S7<,+ @VSBVS
%
%
4$ LRR$;$=R
S@33:, ;) ]
(@V=S O
A$K*?K;L  4#'24', *54,54! ?URAURR6=2 R4$ V9U$ [ R? R4$ A?KR G7++2% =#
K$#6=2 6=R? R4$ VK69$ !7K5G R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K W4$= R4$ ?URAUR #R 6L
#K6V$= ?= R4$ A6=LD 4$ AK?2K; R4$= 6=K$;$=RL !7K5G Y  V9U$ ?* S =# A$K*?K;L
 4#' *54,54 LRR$;$=R
S@33:,
(@V=S ;) AO
46L LRR$;$=R UL$L R4$ A?KR R? W6R U=R69 6RL ?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ V9U$ !7K5G>H
B#V=6=2 R4K$$ 9?8 A$K6?#LC =# R? R4$= #K6V$ 6RL A6= 4624D 4$ 9LR RW? LRR$;$=RL
#$9Y R4$ =$XR ?URAUR Y RW? 9?8 A$K6?#LD 4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$
A?KR ?U=R$K! 9?8 L62=9 =# #R #K6V$= Y R4$ A?KRD

Port counter 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Clock

!
Data signal

4$ A?KR ?U=R$K 6L 6=K$;$=R$# ?= R4$ *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8D = 6=R$K;$#6R$
$#2$L *?K W464 =? V9U$ 6L AK?V6#$#! R4$ A?KR ?=R6=U$L R? #K6V$ 6RL A6=L W6R4 R4$
#R AK$V6?UL9Y ?URAURD

&8& < @CG  ;1 ;+D;

 LK$$=L K$ *?U=# 6= ;=Y $;$##$# LYLR$;LD 4$ AK6=6A9 ;$R4?# ?* #K6V6=2
;?LR LK$$=L 6L R4$ L;$! 9R4?U24 R4$ LA$6. #$R69L VKY *K?; LK$$= R? LK$$=D
4$ #62K; ?= R4$ *?99?W6=2 A2$ 699ULRKR$L R4$ ?A$KR6?= ?*  6R46 @1 L$K6$L
LK$$=! 6=9U#6=2 R4$ WV$*?K; K$FU6K$;$=RL *?K RK=L;6RR6=2  L6=29$ *K;$ ?*
V6#$? 1D
&& .3- 15C@ 1 C@5C@

DCLK

DTMG
WVBP WHBP WHFP WHBP WHFP WHBP WHFP WVFP

DATA
240 pixels
column 0 column 1 column 319

320 pixels

Clock cycles
WVBP 2310
240 pixels

WVFP 1925
WHBP 30
WHFP 25

Table 1

4$ LK$$= 4L  K$L?9UR6?= ?* ST[XT1[ A6X$9LD R K$FU6K$L A6X$9 #R R? $ AK?V6#$#
6= ?9U;= ?K#$K W6R4 $4 V9U$ #K6V$= ?=  LA$6. $#2$ ?*  9?8D 4$ L62=9L K$
L *?99?WL

  6L  9?8 L62=9 2$=$KR$# Y R4$ #K6V$K! W464 ;ULR $ ?=.2UK$# W6R46=

R4$ K=2$ ?* 1D%/ Z R? OD[[ ZD 4$ V9U$ 4?L$= #$R$K;6=$L R4$ LK$$=
K$*K$L4 KR$D

   6L  #R V96# L62=9 W464 ;ULR $ #K6V$= 4624 W4$=$V$K #R 6L

RK=L;6RR$#D

 

KK6$L @%56R  A6X$9 #R R? R4$ LK$$=D

4$ LA$6.R6?= K$FU6K$L R4R A6X$9 V9U$L *?K $4 ?9U;= K$ #K6V$= ?= ?=L$UR6V$
Y9$L W6R4  // Y9$ #$9Y $RW$$= $4 ?9U;= =#  1TS/ Y9$ #$9Y $RW$$=
$4 *K;$ BL$$ 9$ @CD
 LK$$=L K$ ULU99Y #K6V$= Y #$#6R$# 4K#WK$ ?;A?=$=RL #U$ R? R4$6K
9?86=2 K$FU6K$;$=RLD ;A9$;$=R6=2 =  LK$$= #K6V$K 6=  6L $LY #U$ R?
R4$ 9?8 LY=4K?=6LR6?= LUAA?KR$# Y R4$   K46R$RUK$D 4$ K$FU6K$# A?KR
?=.2UKR6?= 6L 699ULRKR$# ?= R4$ =$XR A2$D
&8& < @CG  ;1 ;+D; &%

Clock

DCLK 1A (1)

Strobe

DTMG 1B


Data

32A
DATA 
32 32

PINS PORTS CLOCK BLOCK PROCESSOR

4$ A?KRL 

=#   K$ ?R4 9?8$# Y = 6=R$K=99Y 2$=$KR$# 9?8! W464 6L
;#$ V6L69$ ?= R4$ A?KR  D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L  *U=R6?= R4R ?=.2UK$L
R4$ A?KRL 6= R46L WYD

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

@VS B@MS  . AWWA
O

@VS B@MS   . AWWA O
@VS B@MS 

. AWWTU
O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

X@7+ :(+ =7S C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W M  S , C (:9 * A]] * APDO RR A]]RAP . 1F> 5\
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B@ M S C 

* (:9 * ]DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B@ M S C   * (:9 * ]DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W B @ M S W ( : @ ( 9 W @ V S B V S C  * (:9 DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO
%

4$ 9?8 KR$ LA$6.$# 6L /D> 4ZD 4$ R6;$ K$FU6K$# R? RK=L;6R  *K;$ 6L ST[ 
/$>
T1[ T1[  // 1TS/  >1TS/ 9?8 R68L! 26V6=2  *K;$ KR$ ?* >1TS/ ( PTZD 4$
*U=R6?= ?= R4$ *?99?W6=2 A2$ ?URAURL  L$FU$=$ ?* A6X$9 V9U$L R? R4$  LK$$=
?= R4$ 9?8 $#2$L K$FU6K$# Y R4$ LA$6.R6?=D
&> .3- 15C@ 1 C@5C@

X@7+ :(+M7X, C NSM,<7=3 (5=,=+ ( * @VS B@MS 

*

@VS B@MS   D $
V=N73=,+ Z * S7<, O
  ;)]
S7<, O
Y57:, CAD $
S7<, G. 2UT1O
0@M C 7=S (@:N .]O (@:N ;TU]O (@:N GGD $
S7<, G.T]O
( )4 ZO
 
S7<, ;) AO RR NSM@!, 5735



S7<, ;) Z O RR B7Z,: ]
0@M C 7=S M@YN .AO M@YN ;U2]O M@YN GGD $
( )4 ZO


;) Z O RR B7Z,:N AFFUT>
%
 
S7<, GU2] ;) ]O RR NSM@!, :@Y
S7<, G. U1O
% % %

LRK$; ?* #R 6L 6=AUR *K?;  4==$9 $=#D 4$ ?#Y ?* R4$ N-/2% 9??A RK=L;6RL
 L6=29$ *K;$ =# R4$ ?#Y ?* R4$ ?UR$K )7C RK=L;6RL $4 ?9U;=D 4$ AK?2K;
6=LRKURL R4$ A?KR   R? LRKR #K6V6=2 6RL A6= 4624 W4$= 6R LRKRL ?URAURR6=2  ?9U;=
?* #R =# R? LR?A #K6V6=2 *R$KWK#LD

= 9R$K=R$ L?9UR6?= 6L R? ?=.2UK$ R4$ A?KR 

R? 2$=$KR$  K$#Y5?UR LRK?$
L62=9 ?=   BL$$ MPD1C =# R? K$;?V$ R4$ RW? ?URAURL R?   Y R4$ AK?$LL?K 6=
R4$ L?UK$ ?#$D

&8% C00;G 3" .3-+1' )D+3C;

4$ L$;=R6L *?K 6=AURL =# ?URAURL ?= 9?8$# BU=U+$K$#C A?KRL K$ LU;;K6L$#
L *?99?WLD

C@5C@ @@01@<

= *54,54 UL$L #R R? $ #K6V$= ?= R4$ =$XR *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8D 4$
?URAUR 9?8L U=R69 R4$ LUL$FU$=R K6L6=2 $#2$D

4#' *54,54 UL$L #R R? $ #K6V$= Y R4$ A?KR W4$= 6RL ?U=R$K $FU9L
R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$D 4$ ?URAUR 9?8L U=R69 R4$ =$XR K6L6=2 $#2$ *R$K R46L R6;$D
 4$ #R #K6V$= ?= ?=$ $#2$ ?=R6=U$L R? $ #K6V$= ?= LUL$FU$=R $#2$L *?K
W464 =? =$W ?URAUR #R 6L AK?V6#$#D

15C@ @@01@<

= #(,54 UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR ?= R4$ =$XR K6L6=2 $#2$ ?* 6RL
9?8D 4$ 6=AUR 9?8L U=R69 R46L R6;$D
&8% C00;G 3" .3-+1' )D+3C; &=


4#' #(,54 UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR W4$= 6RL ?U=R$K $FU9L
R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$D 4$ 6=AUR 9?8L U=R69 R46L R6;$D


*(#4#*(& #(,54 UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR ?= $4 K6L6=2 $#2$
U=R69 R4$ L;A9$# #R LR6L.$L R4$ ?=#6R6?=D 4$ 6=AUR 9?8L U=R69 R46L R6;$!
R86=2 R4$ ;?LR K$$=R #R L;A9$#D

.@ @@01@<

L$9$R LRR$;$=R W6RL *?K =Y ?=$ ?* R4$ A?KRL 6= 6RL L$L R? $?;$ K$#Y =#
?;A9$R$L R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 6=AUR ?A$KR6?=! W4$K$

 ?K = #(,54! R4$ A?KR 6L K$#Y R ;?LR ?=$ A$K A$K6?# ?* 6RL 9?8D

 ?K  4#' #(,54! R4$ A?KR 6L K$#Y ?=9Y W4$= 6RL ?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$#
R6;$D

 ?K  *(#4#*(& #(,54! R4$ A?KR 6L K$#Y ?=9Y W4$= R4$ #R L;A9$# LR6L.$L
R4$ ?=#6R6?=D

 ?K  4#' *(#4#*(& #(,54! R4$ A?KR 6L K$#Y ?=9Y W4$= 6RL ?U=R$K 6L $FU9 ?K
2K$R$K R4= R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$ =# R4$ V9U$ L;A9$# LR6L.$L R4$ ?=#6R6?=D

?K  R6;$LR;A$# ?A$KR6?= R4R K$?K#L R4$ V9U$ (! R4$ =$XR A?LL69$ R6;$ R4R R4$
R4K$# = 6=AUR ?K ?URAUR 6L ( @D
= @ #$V6$L! 99 A?KRL K$ U+$K$# BL$$ MD@CD 4$ K$LU9R6=2 L$;=R6L! W464

$XR$=# R4?L$ 26V$= ?V$! K$ #6LULL$# 6= R4$ =$XR 4AR$KD
  
  
3;@ C#;+1'

4$   K46R$RUK$ AK?V6#$L U+$KL R4R = 6;AK?V$ R4$ A$K*?K;=$ ?* AK?5
2K;L R4R A$K*?K; Q ?= 9?8$# A?KRLD
U+$K = 4?9# #R ?URAUR Y R4$
AK?$LL?K U=R69 R4$ =$XR *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8! 99?W6=2 R4$ AK?$LL?K R?
$X$UR$ ?R4$K 6=LRKUR6?=L #UK6=2 R46L R6;$D R = 9L? LR?K$ #R L;A9$# Y  A?KR
U=R69 R4$ AK?$LL?K 6L K$#Y R? 6=AUR 6RD L6=2 U+$KL!  L6=29$ R4K$# = A$K*?K;
Q ?= ;U9R6A9$ A?KRL 6= AK99$9D

%84 <+1'  C#; 3;@

4$ *?99?W6=2 AK?2K; UL$L  U+$K$# A?KR R? #$?UA9$ R4$ L;A96=2 =# #K6V6=2 ?*
#R ?= A?KRL *K?;  ?;AURR6?=D
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= !V00,M,+ B@MS )- 7= . AWW-
O

@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS )- @VS . AWW- O
7= B@MS 7=:@(9 .  AWWA
O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S C 7= * (:9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S C @VS * (:9 * ]DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO
Y57:, CAD $
7=S Z O
7= ) 4 Z O
@VS ;) Z G AO
0 CDO
% %
%I 3;@ C#;+1'

4$ AK?2K; ?=.2UK$L R4$ A?KRL /5! 7KG =# /527!1 L 699ULRKR$# $9?WD

1
Clock signal   
(1A) (1)

 2

(8A)
Data signal Buffer 

3
#!
(8B)
Data signal Buffer 

PINS PORTS CLOCK BLOCK PROCESSOR

4$ #$9KR6?=

7= !V00,M,+ B@MS )- 7= . AWW-
O

#$9K$L  U+$K$# 6=AUR A?KR =;$# /5! W464 K$*$KL R? R4$ %56R A?KR 6#$=R6.$K %
D

4$ LRR$;$=R

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ @56R 6=AUR A?KR /527!1 R? AK?V6#$ $#2$L *?K R4$ 9?8 !21D
 4$ LRR$;$=R

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S C 7= * (:9 DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ 6=AUR A?KR /5 R? $ 9?8$# Y R4$ 9?8 !21D

 4$ LRR$;$=R

( @ =0 7 3 VM , W @ V S W B @ M S C @VS * (:9 * ]DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ ?URAUR A?KR 7KG R? $ 9?8$# Y R4$ 9?8 !21! W6R4 = 6=6R69 V9U$
?* [ #K6V$= ?= 6RL A6=LD
%84 <+1'  C#; 3;@ %4

4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL $X;A9$ 6=AUR LR6;U96 =# $XA$R$# ?URAUR
*?K R46L AK?2K;D R 9L? L4?WL R4$ K$9R6V$ WV$*?K; ?* R4$ LRR$;$=RL $X$UR$# 6=
R4$ N-/2% 9??A Y R4$ AK?$LL?KD

  (1A)
Clock signal

 (8A)
Data signal
0x1 0x2 0x4 0x7

Software            

#! (8B) 0x0 0x2 0x3 0x5

Data signal

4$ .KLR R4K$$ V9U$L 6=AUR K$ [X@! [XT =# [X1! =# 6= K$LA?=L$ R4$ V9U$L ?URAUR
K$ [XT! [XS =# [X/D
4$ #62K; $9?W 699ULRKR$L R4$ U+$K6=2 ?A$KR6?= 6= R4$ 4K#WK$D

$  drive

Timing and
output 0x2 0x3 0x5
 FIFO Comparator
latch
Logic
data output
to port data driven on pins

PROCESSOR PORT PINS

4$ #62K; L4?WL R4$ AK?$LL?K $X$UR6=2 R4$ N-/2% 9??A R4R ?URAURL #R R?
R4$ A?KRD 4$ A?KR U+$KL R46L #R L? R4R R4$ AK?$LL?K = ?=R6=U$ $X$UR6=2
LUL$FU$=R 6=LRKUR6?=L W469$ R4$ A?KR #K6V$L R4$ #R AK$V6?UL9Y ?URAUR *?K 
?;A9$R$ A$K6?#D = $4 *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8! R4$ A?KR R8$L R4$ =$XR YR$ ?*
#R *K?; 6RL U+$K =# #K6V$L 6R ?= 6RL A6=LD
L 9?=2 L R4$ 6=LRKUR6?=L 6= R4$ 9??A
$X$UR$ 6= 9$LL R6;$ R4= R4$ A?KRJL 9?8 A$K6?#!  =$W V9U$ 6L #K6V$= ?= R4$ A6=L
?= $V$KY 9?8 A$K6?#D
4$ *R R4R R4$ .KLR 6=AUR LRR$;$=R 6L $X$UR$# $*?K$  K6L6=2 $#2$ ;$=L R4R
R4$ 6=AUR U+$K 6L =?R UL$#D 4$ AK?$LL?K 6L 9WYL K$#Y R? 6=AUR R4$ =$XR #R
$*?K$ 6R 6L L;A9$#! W464 UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? 9?8! $+$R6V$9Y L9?W6=2 6RL$9*
#?W= R? R4$ KR$ ?* R4$ A?KRD * R4$ .KLR 6=AUR ?UKL *R$K R4$ .KLR V9U$ 6L L;A9$#!
4?W$V$K! R4$ 6=AUR U+$K 4?9#L R4$ #R U=R69 R4$ AK?$LL?K 6L K$#Y R? $AR 6R =#
$4 ?URAUR 9?8L U=R69 R4$ AK$V6?UL9Y ?URAUR V9U$ 6L #K6V$=D
%B 3;@ C#;+1'

6;$# ?A$KR6?=L K$AK$L$=R R6;$ 6= R4$ *URUK$D 4$ WV$*?K; =# ?;AK6R?K
9?26 99?WL R6;$# ?URAURL R? $ U+$K$#! UR *?K R6;$# =# ?=#6R6?=9 6=AURL R4$
U+$K 6L $;AR6$# $*?K$ R4$ 6=AUR 6L A$K*?K;$#D

%8B G1);31+<+1' .3- ? 31 C.@+5. 3;@<

Y ?=.2UK6=2 ;?K$ R4= ?=$ U+$K$# A?KR R? $ 9?8$# *K?; R4$ L;$ L?UK$! 
L6=29$ R4K$# = UL$ #R R? $ L;A9$# =# #K6V$= 6= AK99$9 ?= R4$L$ A?KRLD 4$
AK?2K; $9?W .KLR LY=4K?=6L$L 6RL$9* R? R4$ LRKR ?*  9?8 A$K6?#! $=LUK6=2 R4$
;X6;U; ;?U=R ?* R6;$ $*?K$ R4$ =$XR *996=2 $#2$! =# R4$= ?URAURL  L$FU$=$
?* %56R 4KR$K V9U$L R? RW? 156R A?KRL R4R K$ #K6V$= 6= AK99$9D

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS B )2 . AWW2
O

@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS H )2 . AWW2 O
7= B@MS 7=:@(9 . AWWA
O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S CB * (:9 * ]DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S CH * (:9 * ]DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO

B ;) ]O RR NSMS = @VSBVS
N[=( C B DO RR N[=(5M@=7N, S@ 0::7=3 ,+3,

0@M C (5M ( . L
LO ( ;. L LO ( GGD $

B ;) C (  ] Z] D 44 2O
H ;) C (  ] Z] DO
%
%

4$ LRR$;$=R

N[=( C B DO

UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ =$XR *996=2 $#2$ ?= W464 R4$ 9LR #R 6=
R4$ U+$K 4L $$= #K6V$= *?K  *U99 A$K6?#! $=LUK6=2 R4R R4$ =$XR 6=LRKUR6?= 6L
$X$UR$# 7ULR *R$K  *996=2 $#2$D 46L $=LUK$L R4R R4$ LUL$FU$=R RW? ?URAUR
LRR$;$=RL 6= R4$ 9??A K$ ?R4 $X$UR$# 6= R4$ L;$ 9?8 A$K6?#D
4$ #62K; ?= R4$ =$XR A2$ L4?WL R4$ #R ?URAUR Y R4$ AK?$LL?K =# #K6V$=
Y R4$ RW? A?KRLD
%8A C00;G 3" C#; )D+3C; %A

  (1A)
Clock signal

Software  sync       

 (4A) 0x0 0x0 0x4 0x4

Data signal
 (4B) 0x0
Data signal
0x1 0x2


Effective 8-bit signal 0x0 ‘A’ ‘B’

4$ K$?;;$=#$# WY R? LY=4K?=6L$ R?  K6L6=2 $#2$ 6L R? 9$K R4$ U+$K UL6=2
R4$ LR=#K# 96KKY *U=R6?= !2%CK) =# R4$= A$K*?K; = 6=AURD

%8A C00;G 3" C#; )D+3C;

4$ L$;=R6L *?K Q ?= 9?8$# U+$K$# A?KRL K$ LU;;K6L$# L *?99?WLD

C@5C@ @@01@<

= ?URAUR 6=L$KRL #R 6=R? R4$ A?KRJL  D 4$ AK?$LL?K W6RL ?=9Y 6* R4$
  6L *U99D

R ;?LR ?=$ #R V9U$ 6L K$;?V$# *K?; R4$   =# #K6V$= Y R4$ A?KR A$K
A$K6?# ?* 6RL 9?8D

R6;$# ?URAUR 6=L$KRL #R 6=R? R4$ A?KRJL   *?K #K6V6=2 W4$= R4$ A?KR
?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$D 4$ AK?$LL?K W6RL ?=9Y 6* R4$   6L *U99D

R6;$LR;A$# ?URAUR UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ ?URAUR 6L #K6V$=
BK$FU6K$# R? #$R$K;6=$ R4$ R6;$LR;A V9U$CD
 4$ #R #K6V$= ?= ?=$ $#2$ ?=R6=U$L R? $ #K6V$= ?= LUL$FU$=R $#2$LD

15C@ @@01@<

R ;?LR ?=$ V9U$ 6L L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR =# 6=L$KR$# 6=R? 6RL   A$K A$K6?#
?* 6RL 9?8D * R4$   6L *U99! 6RL ?9#$LR V9U$ 6L #K?AA$# R? ;8$ K??; *?K R4$
;?LR K$$=R9Y L;A9$# V9U$D

= 6=AUR K$;?V$L #R *K?;  A?KRJL  D 4$ AK?$LL?K W6RL ?=9Y 6* R4$  
6L $;ARYD
 6;$# =# ?=#6R6?=9 6=AURL UL$ =Y #R 6= R4$   R? $ #6LK#$# =#
R4$= $4V$ L 6= R4$ U=U+$K$# L$D
  
  "
;+.+<@+31 1 @;3+1'

4$   K46R$RUK$ AK?V6#$L 4K#WK$ LUAA?KR *?K ?A$KR6?=L R4R *K$FU$=R9Y

K6L$ 6= ?;;U=6R6?= AK?R??9LD
A?KR = $ ?=.2UK$# R? A$K*?K; 21#&#24#*(!
UL$*U9 6* #R ;ULR $ ?;;U=6R$# ?V$K A?KRL R4R K$ ?=9Y  *$W 6RL W6#$ BLU4
L 6= MTD/C! =# 241*#( ! UL$*U9 6* #R 6L ?;A=6$# Y  L$AKR$ #R V96# L62=9
BLU4 L 6= M1D1CD -?#6=2 R4$L$ RL8L R? R4$ A?KRL *K$$L UA ;?K$ AK?$LL?K R6;$
*?K $X$UR6=2 ?;AURR6?=LD

>84 ;+.+<+1' C@5C@ @ C<+1'  3;@

9?8$# A?KR = L$K696L$ #R! K$#U6=2 R4$ =U;$K ?* 6=LRKUR6?=L K$FU6K$# R?
A$K*?K; = ?URAURD 4$ AK?2K; $9?W ?URAURL  ST56R V9U$ ?=R? % A6=L! UL6=2 
9?8 R? #$R$K;6=$ *?K 4?W 9?=2 $4 %56R V9U$ 6L #K6V$=D
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS )TU @VS . AWW-
O

7= B@MS 7=:@(9 . AWWA
O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

7=S Z . ] Z]]

O
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 VM , W @ V S W B @ M S C @VS * (:9 * ]DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO

Y57:, CAD $
@VS ;) Z O
Z . 0 C Z DO
%
%
%> ;+.+<@+31 1 @;3+1'

4$ #$9KR6?=
@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS )TU @VS . AWW-
O
#$9K$L R4$ A?KR 7KG R? #K6V$ % A6=L *K?;  ST56R 2!#4 1 #241D 4$ RYA$ 97CG"HJ
LA$6.$L R4$ =U;$K ?* 6RL R4R K$ RK=L*$KK$# 6= $4 ?URAUR ?A$KR6?= BR4$
41(21 7#4!CD 4$ 6=6R696LR6?= 8LL&
LA$6.$L R4$ =U;$K ?* A4YL69 A6=L
?==$R$# R? R4$ A?KR BR4$ ,*14 7#4!CD 4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ #R
#K6V$= Y R46L AK?2K;D

Port counter 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

  (1A)
Clock signal

Software  % %  % %

#! (8A) 0x0 0xFF 0xFF 0x00 0xAA

Data signal

Y ?-?#6=2 R4$ L$K696LR6?= R? R4$ A?KR! R4$ AK?$LL?K 4L ?=9Y R? ?URAUR ?=$
$V$KY 1 9?8 A$K6?#LD = $4 *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8! R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R % 6RL ?*
R4$ L46*R K$26LR$K K$ #K6V$= ?= R4$ A6=LN R4$ L46*R K$26LR$K 6L R4$= K624R5L46*R$# Y %
6RLD

= @ #$V6$L! A?KRL UL$# *?K L$K696LR6?= ;ULR $ FU96.$# W6R4 R4$ 8$YW?K#
K))%C%$N L$$ MD@ *?K *UKR4$K $XA9=R6?=D

>8B <;+.+<+1' 15C@ @ C<+1'  3;@

A?KR = #$L$K696L$ #R! K$#U6=2 R4$ =U;$K ?* 6=LRKUR6?=L K$FU6K$# R? 6=5
AUR #RD 4$ AK?2K; $9?W A$K*?K;L  15R?5% 6R ?=V$KL6?= ?= = 6=AUR A?KR!
?=RK?99$# Y  T/ Z 9?8D
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4
7= !V00,M,+ B@MS )- 7= . AWW2
O
@VS B@MS @VS:@(9 . AWWA
O
(:@(9 (:9U1 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W M  S , C (:9U1 * A]] * 2DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S C 7= * (:9U1 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W B @ M S W ( : @ ( 9 W @ V S B V S C @VS:@(9 * (:9U1 DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9U1 DO
Y57:, CAD $
7=S Z O
7= ) 4 Z O
0 C Z DO
% %
>8A 15C@@+1' @
3051+ G  @ .+ +'1. %=

4$ AK?2K; #$9K$L /5 R? $  156R W6#$ A?KR W6R4 = %56R RK=L*$K W6#R4!
;$=6=2 R4R RW? 156R V9U$L = $ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR $*?K$ R4$Y ;ULR $ 6=AUR
Y R4$ AK?$LL?KD
L W6R4 ?URAUR! R4$ #$L$K696L$K K$#U$L R4$ =U;$K ?* 6=LRKUR6?=L
K$FU6K$# R? ?R6= R4$ #RD 4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL $X;A9$ 6=AUR
LR6;U96 =# R4$ A$K6?# #UK6=2 W464 R4$ #R 6L V699$ 6= R4$ A?KRJL U+$K *?K
6=AURD

Port counter 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

#!  (1A)
Clock signal

Software  %  %

 (4A) 0x28 0x7A

Data in buffer

 (4A)
Data signal
0x8 0x2 0xA 0x7 ... ...

R 6L L;A9$# ?= R4$ K6L6=2 $#2$L ?* R4$ 9?8 =#! W4$= L46*R6=2! R4$ 9$LR
L62=6.=R =69$ 6L K$# .KLRD 4$ L;A9$# #R 6L V699$ 6= R4$ A?KRJL U+$K *?K
6=AUR *?K RW? 9?8 A$K6?#LD 4$ .KLR RW? V9U$L 6=AUR K$ [XT% =# [XO
D

>8A 15C@@+1' @
3051+ G  @ .+ +'1.

9?8$# A?KR = 6=R$KAK$R  19"#( LRK?$ L62=9 R4R #$R$K;6=$L R4$ V96#6RY ?*
R4$ ?;A=Y6=2 #RD 4$ AK?2K; $9?W 6=AURL #R *K?;  9?8$# A?KR ?=9Y
W4$=  K$#Y56= L62=9 6L 4624D

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= !V00,M,+ B@MS )- 7= . AWW2
O

7= B@MS 7=,+[ . AWWA
O
7= B@MS 7=:@(9 . AWWA O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S W N S M @ ! , + W N :  X , C 7= * 7=,+[ * (:9 DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO

7= ) 4 X@7+ O
%
% ;+.+<@+31 1 @;3+1'

4$ LRR$;$=R
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S W N S M @ ! , + W N :  X , C 7= * 7=,+[ * (:9 DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ 6=AUR A?KR /5 R? $ L;A9$# ?=9Y W4$= R4$ V9U$ L;A9$# ?= R4$
A?KR /5%$P $FU9L @D 4$ K$#Y56= A?KR ;ULR $ @56R W6#$D 4$ WV$*?K; #62K;
$9?W L4?WL $X;A9$ 6=AUR LR6;U96 =# R4$ #R 6=AUR Y R46L AK?2K;D

Port counter 12 13 14 15 ... ...

  (1B)
Clock signal

 (1A)
Ready-in signal

 (4A) 0x8 0x2

Data signal

 (4A) 0x28

Data in buffer

R 6L L;A9$# ?= R4$ K6L6=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8 W4$=$V$K R4$ K$#Y56= L62=9 6L 4624D
4$ A?KR L;A9$L RW? 156R V9U$L =# ?;6=$L R4$; R? AK?#U$  L6=29$ %56R V9U$
*?K 6=AUR Y R4$ AK?$LL?KN R4$ #R 6=AUR 6L [XT%D @ #$V6$L 4V$  L6=29$5$=RKY
U+$K! W464 ;$=L R4R #R 6L V699$ *?K 6=AUR U=R69 R4$ K$#Y56= L62=9 6L 4624
*?K R4$ =$XR RW? K6L6=2 $#2$L ?* R4$ 9?8D ?R$ R4R R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K 6L 6=K$;$=R$#
?= $V$KY 9?8 A$K6?#! K$2K#9$LL ?* W4$R4$K R4$ LRK?$ L62=9 6L 4624D

>8& C@5C@@+1' @ 1  @ .+ +'1.

9?8$# A?KR = 2$=$KR$  19"*54 LRK?$ L62=9 W4$=$V$K #R 6L ?URAURD 4$
AK?2K; $9?W UL$L = ?URAUR A?KR R? #K6V$  #R V96# L62=9 W4$=$V$K #R 6L
#K6V$= ?=  156R A?KRD
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS )- @VS . AWW2 O

@VS B@MS @VS . AWWA
O
7= B@MS 7=:@(9 .  AWWA O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

7=S <7= C X@7+ D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 * 7=:@(9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S W N S M @ ! , + W <  N S , M C @VS * @VS * (:9 * ]DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO

@VS ;) ] Z-1 O
%
>8% < @CG @);1@ %2

4$ LRR$;$=R
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S W N S M @ ! , + W <  N S , M C @VS * @VS * (:9 * ]DO

?=.2UK$L R4$ ?URAUR A?KR 7KG R? #K6V$ R4$ A?KR 7KG 4624 W4$=$V$K #R 6L ?URAURD
4$ K$#Y5?UR A?KR ;ULR $ @56R W6#$D 4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ #R
=# LRK?$ L62=9L #K6V$= Y R46L AK?2K;D

Port counter 12 13 14

  (1B)
Clock signal

#! (4A)
Data signal
0x5 0x8

#! (1A)
Ready-out signal

4$ A?KR #K6V$L RW? 156R V9U$L ?V$K RW? 9?8 A$K6?#L! K6L6=2 R4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9
#UK6=2 R46L R6;$D
R 6L 9L? A?LL69$ R? 6;A9$;$=R ?=RK?9 0?W 92?K6R4;L R4R ?URAUR #R UL6=2 
K$#Y56= LRK?$ L62=9 =# R4R 6=AUR #R UL6=2  K$#Y5?UR LRK?$ L62=9N W4$= ?R4
L62=9L K$ ?=.2UK$#! R4$ A?KR 6;A9$;$=RL  LY;;$RK6 LRK?$ AK?R??9 R4R UL$L 
9?8 R? 4=#L48$ R4$ ?;;U=6R6?= ?* R4$ #R BL$$ MDTDT =# MDTCD
= @ #$V6$L! A?KRL UL$# *?K LRK?6=2 ;ULR $ FU96.$# W6R4 R4$ 8$YW?K#

K))%C%$N L$$ MD@ *?K *UKR4$K $XA9=R6?=D

>8% < @CG @);1@

L6=29$ R4K$# ?= = @ #$V6$ = $ UL$# R? 6;A9$;$=R  *U99 #UA9$X @[[ AL
R4$K=$R $#6 =#$A$=#$=R =R$K*$ B C AK?R??9 /D 46L AK?R??9 6;A9$;$=RL
R4$ #R RK=L*$K L62=9L $RW$$= R4$ 96=8 9Y$K =# A4YL69 #$V6$ BCD 4$ L62=9L
K$ L4?W= $9?WD

RXCLK
RXDV
RXD
4
MII RXER
Ports

PHY
(Hardware) TXCLK
TXEN
TXD
TXER 4
>I ;+.+<@+31 1 @;3+1'

>8%84 ;1<0+@
4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ RK=L;6LL6?= ?*  L6=29$ *K;$ ?* #R R?
R4$ D 4$ $KK?K L62=9  6L ?;6RR$# *?K L6;A966R9YD

TXCLK

TXEN

TXD preamble (5 ... 5)

SFD
(5)
SFD
(D)
DATA DATA CRC CRC CRC CRC

64 - 1500 bytes 4 bytes

4$ L62=9L K$ L *?99?WL

  6L  *K$$ KU==6=2 T/ Z 9?8 2$=$KR$# Y R4$ D

  6L  #R V96# L62=9 #K6V$= 4624 Y R4$ RK=L;6RR$K #UK6=2 *K;$ RK=L5
;6LL6?=D
  KK6$L  =69$ ?* #R A$K 9?8 A$K6?# *K?; R4$ RK=L;6RR$K R? R4$ D
4$ RK=L;6RR$K LRKRL Y L$=#6=2  AK$;9$ ?* =69$L ?* V9U$ [X/! *?99?W$#
Y RW? =69$L ?* V9U$L [X/ =# [XD 4$ #R! W464 ;ULR $ 6= R4$ K=2$
?* P1 R? @/[[ YR$L! 6L R4$= RK=L;6RR$#! 9$LR L62=6.=R 6R .KLR! *?99?W$# Y
*?UK YR$L ?=R6=6=2  D

4$ #62K; $9?W 699ULRKR$L R4$ A?KR ?=.2UKR6?= K$FU6K$# R? L$K696L$ R4$ ?URAUR
#R =# AK?#U$  #R V96# L62=9D

Clock

TXCLK 1J
(1)

Strobe

TXEN 1K

Data

4B
TXD Serialiser <:
4 32
PINS PORTS CLOCK BLOCK PROCESSOR
>8% < @CG @);1@ >4

4$ A?KR  A$K*?K;L  ST5R?51 6R L$K696LR6?= ?* #R ?=R? 6RL A6=LD R 6L LY=4K?5
=6L$# R? R4$ @56R A?KR  =# UL$L R4$ @56R A?KR  L  K$#Y5?UR LRK?$ L62=9
R4R 6L #K6V$= 4624 W4$=$V$K #R 6L #K6V$=D = R46L ?=.2UKR6?=! R4$ AK?$LL?K 4L
?=9Y R? ?URAUR #R ?=$ $V$KY $624R 9?8 A$K6?#L =# #?$L =?R =$$# R? $XA966R9Y
?URAUR R4$ #R V96# L62=9D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L =# ?=.2UK$L R4$ A?KRL 6=
R46L WYD
? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4
@VS !V00,M,+ B@MS )TU  . AWW2 O
@VS B@MS  . AWWA O
7= B@MS  . AWWA O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

X@7+ < 7 7  @ = 0 7 3  M  = N < 7 S C (:@(9 (:9 *

!V00,M,+ @VS B@MS )TU  * @VS B@MS  D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 *  DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S C  * (:9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S C  * (:9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W @ V S W B @ M S W N S M @ ! , + W <  N S , M C  *  * (:9 * ]DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO
%
4$ *U=R6?= $9?W 6=AURL *K;$ #R *K?; =?R4$K R4K$# =# ?URAURL 6R R? R4$
A?KRLD ?K L6;A966RY! R4$ $KK?K L62=9L =#  K$ 62=?K$#D
X@7+ <77M=N<7SM<, C @VS !V00,M,+ B@MS )TU  *
NSM,<7=3 (5=,=+ ( D $
7=S =V<[S,N * S7:[S,N * S7:7SN * +S O

R =BVS N7\, @0 =,ZS B(9,S R

( ) 4 =V<[S,N O
S7:[S,N . =V<[S,N R 2O
S7:7SN . S7:[S,N  -O

R VSBVS M@Y @0 ] Z1N 0@::@Y,+ ![ ] Z R

 ;) ] Z1111111 O

R VSBVS TU 6 !7S Y@M+N 0@M N,M7:7NS7@= R

0@M C 7=S 7 .]O 7 ; =V<[S,N 6 S7:[S,N O 7 G.2D $
( ) 4 +S O
 ;) +S O
%

R VSBVS M,<7=7=3 !7SN @0 +S 0@M N,M7:7NS7@= R

70 C S7:7SN /. ]D $
( ) 4 +S O
BMS@VS C  * S7:7SN * +S DO
%
%
>B ;+.+<@+31 1 @;3+1'

4$ AK?2K; .KLR 6=AURL *K?; R4$ 4==$9 ! R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ *K;$ 6= YR$LD R R4$=
?URAURL  ST56R AK$;9$ R? ! W464 6L #K6V$= ?= R4$ A6=L L =69$L ?V$K $624R
9?8 A$K6?#LD = $4 6R$KR6?= ?* R4$ )7C 9??A! R4$ =$XR ST 6RL ?* #R K$ R4$=
?URAUR R?  *?K L$K696L6=2 ?=R? R4$ A6=LD 46L 26V$L R4$ AK?$LL?K $=?U24 R6;$ R?
2$R K?U=# R4$ 9??A $*?K$ R4$ =$XR 9?8 ?* #R ;ULR $ #K6V$=D 4$ .=9 LRR$;$=R

BMS@VS C  * S7:7SN * +S DO

A$K*?K;L  ,14#& *54,54 ?* R4$ K$;6=6=2 6RL ?* $G R4R K$AK$L$=R V96# *K;$
#RD

>8%8B +D
4$ WV$*?K; #62K; $9?W L4?WL R4$ K$$AR6?= ?*  L6=29$ *K;$ *K?; R4$ D
4$ $KK?K L62=9  6L ?;6RR$# *?K L6;A966R9YD

RXCLK

RXDV

SFD SFD
RXD preamble (5 ... 5)
(5) (D) DATA DATA CRC CRC CRC CRC

64 - 1500 bytes 4 bytes

4$ L62=9L K$ L *?99?WL

  6L  *K$$ KU==6=2 9?8 2$=$KR$# Y R4$ D

  6L  #R V96# L62=9 #K6V$= 4624 Y R4$  #UK6=2 *K;$ RK=L;6LL6?=D

  KK6$L  =69$ ?* #R A$K 9?8 A$K6?# *K?; R4$  R? R4$ K$$6V$KD
4$ K$$6V$K W6RL *?K  AK$;9$ ?* =69$L ?* V9U$L [X/! *?99?W$# Y RW?
=69$L W6R4 V9U$L [X/ =# [XD 4$ RU9 #R 6L R4$= K$$6V$#! W464 6L 6=
R4$ K=2$ ?* P1 R? @/[[ YR$L! 9$LR L62=6.=R =69$ .KLR! *?99?W$# Y *?UK
YR$L ?=R6=6=2  D

4$ #62K; ?= R4$ =$XR A2$ 699ULRKR$L R4$ A?KR ?=.2UKR6?= K$FU6K$# R? #$L$K696L$
R4$ 6=AUR #R W4$=  #R V96# L62=9 6L AK$L$=RD
>8% < @CG @);1@ >A

Clock

RXCLK 1H (1)

Valid

RXDV 1I 

Data
4A
RXD Deserialiser 
4 32

PINS PORTS CLOCK BLOCK PROCESSOR

4$ A?KR  A$K*?K;L  15R?5ST56R #$L$K696LR6?= ?* #R *K?; 6RL A6=LD R 6L
LY=4K?=6L$# R? R4$ @56R A?KR  =# UL$L R4$ @56R A?KR  L  K$#Y56=
LRK?$ L62=9 R4R UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# ?=9Y W4$= R4$ LRK?$ 6L 4624D = R46L
?=.2UKR6?=! R4$ A?KR = L;A9$ $624R V9U$L $*?K$ R4$ #R ;ULR $ 6=AUR Y
R4$ AK?$LL?K! =# R4$ AK?$LL?K #?$L =?R =$$# R? $XA966R9Y W6R *?K R4$ #R V96#
L62=9D 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L =# ?=.2UK$L R4$ A?KRL 6= R46L WYD

? 7=(:V+, ; ZNA F5 4

7= !V00,M,+ B@MS )TU  . AWW2
O

7= B@MS  . AWWA O
7= B@MS  . AWWA O
(:@(9 (:9 . AW  WA O

X@7+ <77@=073,(,7X, C (:@(9 (:9 * 7= B@MS  *

!V00,M,+ 7= B@MS )TU  * 7= B@MS  * 7= B@MS  D $

( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W ( : @ ( 9 W N M ( C (:9 *  DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S C  * (:9 DO
( @= 07 3V M, W7 =W B@ MS C  * (:9 DO
( @ = 0 7 3 V M , W 7 = W B @ M S W N S M @ ! , + W N :  X , C  *  * (:9 DO
NSMSW(:@(9 C (:9 DO
%

4$ *U=R6?= ?= R4$ *?99?W6=2 A2$ K$$6V$L  L6=29$ $KK?K5*K$$ *K;$ =# ?URAURL 6R
R? =?R4$K R4K$#D ?K L6;A966RY! R4$ $KK?K L62=9 =#  K$ 62=?K$#D
>& ;+.+<@+31 1 @;3+1'

? +,07=,  ]
? +,07=,  A

X@7+ <77 ,(,7X ,M< , C 7= !V00,M,+ B@MS )TU  * 7= B@MS  *
NSM,<7=3 (5=,=+ ( D $
7=S =@S@=, . AO
7=S +S * S7: O

R 7S 0@M NSMS @0 0M<, R

 Y5,= B7=N,H C] Z D ) 4 X@7+ O

R ,(,7X, 0M<, +S R (M( R

+@ $
N,:,(S $
(N,  ) 4 +S )
R 7=BVS =,ZS TU !7SN @0 +S R
( ;)  O
( ;) +S O
!M,9 O
(N,  Y5,= B7=N,H C]D ) 4 =@S@=, )
R =BVS =[ !7SN M,<7=7=3 7= B@MS R
S7: . ,=+7= C  DO
0@M C 7=S ![S, . S7: 4 4TO ![S, 4 ]O ![S, 6.2D $
 ) 4 +S O
( ;)  O
( ;) +S O
%
( ;)  O
( ;) S7: 44 TO
!M,9 O
%
% Y57:, C =@S@=, DO
%

4$ AK?$LL?K W6RL *?K R4$ 9LR =69$ ?* R4$ AK$;9$ B[XC R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$
A?KR D 4$= ?= $4 6R$KR6?= ?* R4$ 9??A! 6R W6RL *?K $6R4$K =$XR $624R =69$L ?*
#R R? $ L;A9$# *?K 6=AUR Y  ?K *?K R4$ #R V96# L62=9  R? 2? 9?WD


= $+$R ?* UL6=2  A?KRJL L$K696LR6?= =# LRK?6=2 A696R6$L R?2$R4$K 6L R4R
R4$ K$#Y56= L62=9 ;Y 2? 9?W $*?K$  *U99 RK=L*$K W6#R4JL W?KR4 ?* #R 6L K$$6V$#D
4$ LRR$;$=R

S7: . ,=+7= C  DO

UL$L R4$ A?KR  R? K$LA?=# W6R4 R4$ K$;6=6=2 =U;$K ?* 6RL =?R Y$R 6=AURD R
9L? UL$L R4$ A?KR R? AK?V6#$ R46L #R ?= R4$ LUL$FU$=R 6=AURL! $V$= R4?U24 R4$
#R V96# L62=9 6L 9?W =# R4$ L46*R K$26LR$K 6L =?R Y$R *U99D
>8> C00;G >%

@ #$V6$L AK?V6#$  L6=29$5$=RKY U+$K UA R? ST56RL W6#$ =#  ST56R L46*R
K$26LR$K! K$FU6K6=2 UA R? P1 6RL ?* #R $6=2 6=AUR ?V$K RW? 6=AUR LRR$;$=RL ?=$
R4$ #R V96# L62=9 2?$L 9?WD

>8> C00;G
4$ L$;=R6L *?K Q ?=  L$K696L$# A?KR K$ L *?99?WL BW4$K$ , K$*$KL R? R4$ A?KR
W6#R4 =# 7 K$*$KL R? R4$ RK=L*$K W6#R4 ?*  A?KRC
)

= ?URAUR ?*  756R V9U$ 6L #K6V$= ?V$K ! ?=L$UR6V$ 9?8 A$K6?#L! 9$LR
L62=6.=R 6RL .KLRD 4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9 6L #K6V$= 4624 ?= $4 ?* R4$L$
A$K6?#LD

 ?K  R6;$# ?URAUR! R4$ A?KR W6RL U=R69 6RL ?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$
$*?K$ 2414#( R? L$K696L$ R4$ #RD 4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9 6L =?R #K6V$= W469$
W6R6=2 R? L$K696L$D


= 6=AUR ?*  756R V9U$ 6L L;A9$# ?V$K ) ! 9?8 A$K6?#L! W6R4 $K96$K 6RL
K$$6V$# $=#6=2 UA 6= R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R 6RL ?* 7D B *  K$#Y56= L62=9 6L UL$#!
R4$ 9?8 A$K6?#L ;Y =?R $ ?=L$UR6V$DC

 ?K  R6;$# 6=AUR! R4$ A?KR AK?V6#$L R4$ &24 , 6RL ?* #R L;A9$# W4$= 6RL
?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$D

*  A?KR 6L ?=.2UK$# W6R4  K$#Y56= L62=9

 R 6L L;A9$# ?=9Y ?= K6L6=2 $#2$L ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8 W4$= R4$ K$#Y56=
L62=9 6L 4624D

*  A?KR 6L ?=.2UK$# W6R4  K$#Y5?UR L62=9

 4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9 6L #K6V$= 4624 9?=2 W6R4 R4$ #R =# 6L 4$9# *?K  L6=29$
A$K6?# ?* R4$ 9?8D

*U99 #$LK6AR6?= ?* R4$ L$;=R6L *?K LRK?6=2 =# L$K696LR6?= 6L 26V$= 6=
A5
A$=#6X D

   

 1'C' 5+$@+31

4$ LA$6.R6?= 26V$= 6= R46L AA$=#6X #$LK6$L V$KL6?= >D> ?* N R4$ $4V6?UK ?* Q
?A$KR6?=L ?= A?KRL 6L 26V$= L$AKR$9Y 6=
AA$=#6X D
4$ 9Y?UR ?* R46L ;=U9 =# A?KR6?=L ?* 6RL R$XR K$ L$# UA?= R4$  #$.=6R6?= ?*
 PD ?;;$=RKY ;R$K69 46249624R6=2 #6+$K$=$L $RW$$=  =#  6L 6=#$=R$# =#
WK6RR$= 6= L;99$K RYA$D

84 F+. 31D1@+31<

AK?2K; ?=L6LRL ?* ?=$ ?K ;?K$ 41(2&4#*( 5(#42 LR?K$# 6= .9$LD R 6L RK=L9R$# 6=
L$V$K9 A4L$L! W464 K$ #$LK6$# 6= M
D@SD 4$ .KLR A4L$L A$K*?K; 9?W59$V$9 9$X69
RK=L*?K;R6?=L! KKY ?UR #6K$R6V$L 6=RK?#U$# Y 96=$L $26==6=2 W6R4 R4$ ? 4KR$K! =#
A$K*?K; ;K? #$.=6R6?= =# $XA=L6?=D 4$= R4$ AK$AK?$LL6=2 ?* M
D@S 6L ?;A9$R$! R4$
AK?2K; 4L $$= K$#U$# R?  L$FU$=$ ?* R?8$=LD

8484 3-1<
4$K$ K$ L6X 9LL$L ?* R?8$=L 6#$=R6.$KL! 8$YW?K#L! ?=LR=RL! LRK6=2 96R$K9L! ?A$KR?KL!
=# ?R4$K L$AKR?KLD 9=8 LA$L! 4?K6Z?=R9 RL! =$W96=$L! *?K;*$$#L! =# ?;;$=RL L
#$LK6$# $9?W! ?99$R6V$9Y K$*$KK$# R? L 7!#4 2,! K$ 62=?K$# $X$AR L R4$Y L$AKR$
R?8$=LD ?;$ W46R$ LA$ 6L K$FU6K$# R? L$AKR$ ?R4$KW6L$ #7$=R 6#$=R6.$KL! 8$YW?K#L
=# ?=LR=RLD

848B 3001@<
W? LRY9$L ?* ?;;$=R6=2 K$ LUAA?KR$# R4$ 4KR$KL R 6=RK?#U$  ?;;$=R! W464
R$K;6=R$L W6R4 R4$ 4KR$KL R! =# R4$ 4KR$KL RR 6=RK?#U$  ?;;$=R! W464 R$K;65
=R$L W6R4  =$W96=$D ?;;$=RL ;Y =?R $ =$LR$#! =# R4$Y ;Y =?R ?UK W6R46= LRK6=2 ?K
4KR$K 96R$K9LD
>  1'C' 5+$@+31

848A 1@+$;<

= 6#$=R6.$K 6L  L$FU$=$ ?* 9$RR$KL! #626RL =# U=#$KL?K$ BWC 4KR$KL ?* =Y 9$=2R4N R4$
.KLR 4KR$K ;ULR =?R $  #626RD AA$K =# 9?W$K L$ 9$RR$KL K$ #6+$K$=RD

848& GE3;<
4$ *?99?W6=2 6#$=R6.$KL K$ K$L$KV$# *?K UL$ L 8$YW?K#L =# ;Y =?R $ UL$# ?R4$KW6L$
VS@ ,:N, M,SVM= V=7@=
!M,9 ,=V< N5@MS V=N73=,+
(N, ,ZS,M= N73=,+ X@7+
(5M 0@M N7\,@0 X@:S7:,
(@=NS 70 NSS7( Y57:,
(@=S7=V, 7=S NSMV(S
+,0V:S :@=3 NY7S(5
+@ M,37NS,M S[B,+,0
4$ *?99?W6=2 6#$=R6.$KL K$ 9L? K$L$KV$# *?K UL$ L 8$YW?K#L =# ;Y =?R $ UL$# ?R4$KW6L$
!V00,M,+ 7=:7=, @VS N:X,
(5= 7N=V:: BM NSM,<7=3
(5=,=+ <NS,M B@MS S7<,M
(@M, =V:: N,:,(S SM=N(S7@=
7= @= N,MX7(, Y5,=
4$ ?=LRKUR6?= B@MS) W4$K$ ( 6L  L$FU$=$ ?* #626RL 6L 9L?  V96# 6#$=R6.$KD 4$
L$FU$=$ ?* #626RL 6L R8$= R? $ #$6;9 =# 6L 6=R$KAK$R$# L = 6=R$2$K ?=LR=RD 4$
*?99?W6=2 6#$=R6.$KL K$ K$L$KV$# *?K ?;AR6696RY 6LLU$L =# *?K *URUK$ UL$
((,BS (:7< 0:@S M,NSM7(S
N< +@V!:, <@+V:,

848% 31<@1@<
4$K$ K$ L$V$K9 86=#L ?* ?=LR=RLD 4 4L  #R RYA$N M
DSDT #6LULL$L R4$ L6 RYA$LD
*(24(4 )). #(4 1"*(24(4
# !141"*(24(4
# (5'14#*("*(24(4
# =V::
9?R6=25A?6=R ?=LR=RL K$ U=LUAA?KR$#D

848%84 1@'; 31<@1@<

L$FU$=$ ?* #626RL 6L R8$= R? $ 6=KY 6* AK$$#$# Y ]! ?K ]! ?R9 6* AK$$#$# Y ]!

4$X#$6;9 6* AK$$#$# Y ]Z ?K ]! =# #$6;9 ?R4$KW6L$D 6=R$2$K ?=LR=R ;Y $ LU,X$#
Y R4$ 9$RR$K V ?K  BU=L62=$#C! R4$ 9$RR$K : ?K B9?=2C! ?K ?R4 BU=L62=$# 9?=2CD
4$ RYA$ ?* = 6=R$2$K ?=LR=R #$A$=#L ?= 6RL *?K;! V9U$ =# LU,XD B$$ M
DS *?K 
#6LULL6?= ?* RYA$LDC
= U=LU,X$# #$6;9 ?=LR=R 4L R4$ .KLR ?* R4$ *?99?W6=2 RYA$L 6=
W464 6RL V9U$ = $ K$AK$L$=R$# 7=S! :@=3 7=S! V=N73=,+ :@=3 7=SN = U=LU,X$# ?R9 ?K
4$X#$6;9 ?=LR=R 4L R4$ .KLR A?LL69$ ?* RYA$L 7=S! V=N73=,+ 7=S! :@=3 7=S! V=N73=,+
:@=3 7=SD
= U=L62=$# ?=LR=R 4L R4$ .KLR A?LL69$ ?* RYA$L V=N73=,+ 7=S! V=N73=,+ :@=3
7=SN  9?=2 ?=LR=R 4L R4$ .KLR A?LL69$ ?* RYA$L :@=3 7=S! V=N73=,+ :@=3 7=SD

8B G1@F 3@@+31 >2

848%8B );@; 31<@1@<

4KR$K ?=LR=R 6L  L$FU$=$ ?* ?=$ ?K ;?K$ 4KR$KL B$X9U#6=2 R4$ L6=29$5FU?R$ =#
=$W96=$ 4KR$KLC $=9?L$# 6= L6=29$ FU?R$LD 4$ V9U$ ?*  4KR$K ?=LR=R W6R4  L6=29$
4KR$K 6L R4$ =U;$K6 V9U$ ?* R4$ 4KR$K 6= R4$ ;46=$JL 4KR$K L$R R $X$UR6?=
R6;$D 4$ V9U$ ?*  ;U9R654KR$K ?=LR=R 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
6#$ 4KR$K ?=LR=RL K$ U=LUAA?KR$#D
4$ *?99?W6=2 $LA$ L$FU$=$L K$ LUAA?KR$#D
=$W96=$  "= 8L9L4 " ""
4?K6Z?=R9 R  "S FU$LR6?= ;K8 I "I
V$KR69 R  "X L6=29$ FU?R$ K "K
8LA$  "! #?U9$ FU?R$ J "J
KK62$ K$RUK=  "M ?R9 =U;$K *** "
*?K;*$$#  "0 4$X =U;$K !! "Z
U#69$ 9$KR  "
4$ $LA$ L$FU$=$ " K$FU6K$L ?=$! RW? ?K R4K$$ ?R9 #626RLD 4$ L$FU$=$ "Z K$FU6K$L
?=$ ?K ;?K$ 4$X#$6;9 #626RLN 6RL $4V6?UK 6L U=#$.=$# 6* R4$ K$LU9R6=2 4KR$K V9U$
$X$$#L R4R ?* R4$ 9K2$LR 4KR$KD ?K $6R4$K ?R9 ?K 4$X#$6;9 $LA$ 4KR$KL! 6*
R4$ 6;A9$;$=RR6?= RK$RL R4$ (5M RYA$ L L62=$#! R4$ V9U$ 6L L62=5$XR$=#$# L 6* LR R?
(5M RYA$D * =Y ?R4$K 4KR$K *?99?WL R4$ " R4$= R4$ $4V6?UK 6L U=#$.=$#D

848%8A 1C0;@+31 31<@1@<

#$=R6.$KL #$9K$# L $=U;$KR?KL BL$$ M
DOD/C K$ ?=LR=RL ?* RYA$ 7=SD

848%8& C.. 31<@1@<

4$ =U99 ?=LR=R 4L RYA$ =V::D

848> @;+1' +@;.<

LRK6=2 96R$K9 6L  L$FU$=$ ?* Z$K? ?K ;?K$ 4KR$KL B$X9U#6=2 R4$ #?U9$5FU?R$ =#
=$W96=$ 4KR$KLC $=9?L$# 6= #?U9$ FU?R$LD R 4L RYA$ GKKY ?* 4KR$KLH =# LR?K2$
9LL NSS7( BL$$ M
DSD@C 6=6R696L$# W6R4 R4$ 26V$= 4KR$KLD 4$R4$K 6#$=R69 LRK6=2 96R$K9L
K$ #6LR6=R 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#! =# R4$ $4V6?UK ?*  AK?2K; R4R RR$;ARL R? 9R$K
 LRK6=2 96R$K9 6L U=#$.=$#D

#7$=R LRK6=2 96R$K9L K$ ?=R$=R$# 6=R?  L6=29$ LRK6=2D
*R$K =Y ?=R$=R6?=! 
=U99 YR$ "] 6L AA$=#$# R? R4$ LRK6=2D
99 ?* R4$ 4KR$K $LA$ L$FU$=$L K$ LUAA?KR$#D

8B G1@F 3@@+31

= R4$ LY=RX =?RR6?= UL$# 6= R46L ;=U9! LY=RR6 R$2?K6$L K$ 6=#6R$# Y !  RYA$!
=# 96R$K9 W?K#L =# 4KR$KL Y S[B,YM7S,M LRY9$D
= ?AR6?=9 R$K;6=9 ?K =?=R$K;6=9
LY;?9 KK6$L R4$ LULK6AR$# LU,X G*,4!H L? R4R! *?K $X;A9$!
$ ( !! !( %
;$=L = ?AR6?=9 $XAK$LL6?=! $=9?L$# 6= K$LD 4$ R$K;L GZ$K? ?K ;?K$H =# G?=$ ?K
;?K$H K$ K$AK$L$=R$# UL6=2 =29$# K8$RL 9?=2 W6R4 R4$ LRK BC =# A9UL BGC LY;?9L
=I  1'C' 5+$@+31

K$LA$R6V$9Y! L? R4R! *?K $X;A9$!

 #
;$=L  L$FU$=$ ?* Z$K? ?K ;?K$ #$9KR6?=L! =#

 #E
;$=L  L$FU$=$ ?* ?=$ ?K ;?K$ #$9KR6?=LD

8A 1+1' 3" 1@+$;<

#$=R6.$KL B?K =;$LC K$*$K ?99$R6V$9Y R? *U=R6?=L! R2L ?* LRKURUK$L =# U=6?=L! ;$;$KL
?* LRKURUK$L ?K U=6?=L! =# ?7$RLD
= ?7$R B?K VK69$C 6L  9?R6?= 6= LR?K2$! =# 6RL
6=R$KAK$RR6?= #$A$=#L ?= 6RL 24*1  &22 =# 6RL 49,D 4$ LR?K2$ 9LL #$R$K;6=$L R4$
96*$R6;$ ?* R4$ LR?K2$ LL?6R$# W6R4 R4$ 6#$=R6.$KN R4$ RYA$ #$R$K;6=$L R4$ ;$=6=2 ?*
R4$ V9U$L *?U=# 6= R4$ 6#$=R6.$# ?7$RD
=;$ 9L? 4L L?A$! W464 6L R4$ K$26?= ?* R4$
AK?2K; 6= W464 6R 6L 8=?W=! =#  96=82$! W464 #$R$K;6=$L W4$R4$K R4$ L;$ =;$ 6=
=?R4$K L?A$ K$*$KL R? R4$ L;$ ?7$R ?K *U=R6?=D ?A$ =# 96=82$ K$ #6LULL$# 6=
M
D@[D

8A84 @3;' .<<

= ?7$R 4L $6R4$K 54*'4# ?K 244# LR?K2$D
UR?;R6 ?7$RL K$ 9?9 R?  9?8 BM
D%D1C
=# K$ #6LK#$# ?= $X6R *K?; R4$ 9?8D $9KR6?=L W6R46=  9?8 K$R$ UR?;R6 ?7$RL
6* =? LR?K2$ 9LL 6L ;$=R6?=$#! ?K 6* R4$ VS@ ?K M,37NS,M LA$6.$K 6L UL$#D
RR6 ?7$RL ;Y $ 9?9 R?  9?8 ?K $XR$K=9 R? 99 9?8L! UR 6= $6R4$K L$ K$R6=
R4$6K V9U$L K?LL $X6R *K?; =# K$$=RKY R? *U=R6?=L =# 9?8LD 6R46=  9?8! LRR6
?7$RL K$ #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ 8$YW?K# NSS7(D 4$ ?7$RL #$9K$# ?URL6#$ 99 9?8L! R R4$
L;$ 9$V$9 L *U=R6?= #$.=6R6?=L! K$ 9WYL LRR6D 4$Y ;Y $ ;#$ 9?9 R?  AKR6U9K
RK=L9R6?= U=6R Y UL$ ?* R4$ NSS7( 8$YW?K#N R46L 26V$L R4$; &"2*, B?K #(41(& &#(% CD
4$Y $?;$ 29?9 R? = $=R6K$ AK?2K; Y ?;6RR6=2 = $XA966R LR?K2$ 9LL! ?K Y UL6=2
R4$ 8$YW?K# ,ZS,M=N R46L 26V$L R4$; ,1* 1'"2*, B?K 841(& &#(% CD

*U=R6?= ;Y $ #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ 8$YW?K# N,MX7(,D 46L LA$6.$K 4L =? $+$R ?= R4$
$4V6?UK ?* R4$ *U=R6?=N R4$ $XR$=R R? W464 LU22$LR6?=L ;#$ Y UL6=2 R46L LA$6.$K K$
$+$R6V$ 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D

8A8B <+ G5<

7$RL #$9K$# L (5M K$ 9K2$ $=?U24 R? LR?K$ =Y ;$;$K ?* R4$ $X$UR6?= 4KR$K
L$RD *  2$=U6=$ 4KR$K *K?; R4R L$R 6L LR?K$# 6=  (5M ?7$R! 6RL V9U$ 6L $FU6V9$=R R?
R4$ 6=R$2$K ?#$ *?K R4$ 4KR$K! =# 6L =?=5=$2R6V$D R4$K FU=R6R6$L ;Y $ LR?K$# 6=R?
(5M VK69$L! UR R4$ V699$ K=2$ ?* V9U$L! =# $LA$699Y W4$R4$K R4$ V9U$ 6L L62=$#!
6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
7$RL #$9K$# V=N73=,+ (5M ?=LU;$ R4$ L;$ ;?U=R ?* LA$ L A96= 4KR$KL!
UR 9WYL AA$K =?=5=$2R6V$N $XA966R9Y L62=$# 4KR$KL #$9K$# N73=,+ (5M 968$W6L$
R8$ R4$ L;$ LA$ L A96= 4KR$KLD
= ##6R6?= R? R4$ (5M RYA$! UA R? R4K$$ L6Z$L ?* 6=R$2$K K$ V699$! #$9K$# N5@MS
7=S! 7=S =# :@=3 7=SD 96= 7=S ?7$RL 4V$ R4$ =RUK9 L6Z$ LU22$LR$# Y R4$ 4?LR ;46=$
K46R$RUK$D ?=2$K 6=R$2$KL AK?V6#$ R 9$LR L ;U4 LR?K2$ L L4?KR$K ?=$L! UR R4$

8A 1+1' 3" 1@+$;< =4

6;A9$;$=RR6?= ;Y ;8$ A96= 6=R$2$KL $FU6V9$=R R? $6R4$K L4?KR ?K 9?=2 6=R$2$KLD 4$ 7=S
RYA$L 99 K$AK$L$=R L62=$# V9U$L U=9$LL LA$6.$# ?R4$KW6L$D
=L62=$# 6=R$2$KL ?$Y R4$ 9WL ?* K6R4;$R6 ;?#U9? T W4$K$  6L R4$ =U;$K ?* 6RL
6= R4$ K$AK$L$=RR6?=D 4$ L$R ?* =?=5=$2R6V$ V9U$L R4R = $ LR?K$# 6=  L62=$# ?7$R
6L  LUL$R ?* R4$ V9U$L R4R = $ LR?K$# 6= R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 U=L62=$# ?7$R! =# R4$
K$AK$L$=RR6?= *?K R4$ ?V$K9AA6=2 V9U$L 6L R4$ L;$D

99 ?* R4$ ?V$ RYA$L K$ ?99$R6V$9Y K$*$KK$# R? L 1#4!'4# RYA$L! $UL$ R4$Y = $
6=R$KAK$R$# L =U;$KL! =# L #(4 1& RYA$L! $UL$ R4$Y K$AK$L$=R 6=R$2$K V9U$LD
4$ X@7+ RYA$ LA$6.$L = $;ARY L$R ?* V9U$LN 6R 6L UL$# L R4$ RYA$ K$RUK=$# Y *U=R6?=L
R4R 2$=$KR$ =? V9U$D
4$  RYA$L 6;9/ 6;9/ 49L! ,6;L =# ';O6( K$ U=LUAA?KR$#D
4$ (5= RYA$ LA$6.$L  9?269 ?;;U=6R6?= 4==$9 ?V$K W464 V9U$L = $
?;;U=6R$# $RW$$= AK99$9 LRR$;$=RL BM
D%D%CD 4$ (5=,=+ RYA$ LA$6.$L ?=$ $=# ?* 
?;;U=6R6?= 4==$9D
4$ 9?R6?=L ?* R ;?LR RW? 6;A96$# $=#L ?* (5= BR4$;L$9V$L (5=,=+LC K$ #$.=$#
R4K?U24 R4$ UL$ ?* R4$ 4==$9 6= R ;?LR RW? AK99$9 LRR$;$=RL BM
D%D%CD
4==$9 $=#L K$ UL$# L ?A$K=#L ?* 6=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL BM
D%DSCD 4==$9L
K$ 6#6K$R6?=9 =# LY=4K?=6L$# = ?URAURR$K W6RL *?K  ;R46=2 6=AURR$K R? $?;$
K$#Y $*?K$ #R 6L ?;;U=6R$#D 4$R4$K  LRK$;6=2 4==$9 6L LY=4K?=6L$# ?K U=LY=5
4K?=6L$# 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
4$ B@MS RYA$ LA$6.$L  ,56R K$26LR$K! W464 6=R$K*$L R?  ?99$R6?= ?* , A6=L UL$# *?K
?;;U=6R6=2 W6R4 R4$ $=V6K?=;$=R W4$K$ , 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D 4$ B@MS) RYA$
LA$6.$L = (56R K$26LR$K! W464 6=R$K*$L R?  ?99$R6?= ?* , A6=L UL$# *?K ?;;U=6R6=2
W6R4 R4$ $=V6K?=;$=R BW4$K$ , =$$# =?R $FU9 (CD
X@7+ B@MS 6L  LA$69 RYA$ ?* A?KR R4R
;Y =?R $ UL$# *?K 6=AUR ?K ?URAURD
A?KR 9L? 4L  =?R6?=9 41(21 RYA$ =# *5(41
RYA$ BL$$ M
D%DSCN R4$L$ RYA$L K$ 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
?KRL K$ UL$# L ?A$K=#L ?* 6=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL BM
D%DS!
AA$=#6X CD
4$ S7<,M RYA$ 6L  LA$69 RYA$ ?* 6=AUR A?KR R4R K$RUK=L R4$ UKK$=R R6;$ W4$= 6=AUR
*K?;D
X@7+ S7<,M 6L  R6;$K R4R ;Y =?R UL$# *?K 6=AURD
R6;$K 9L? 4L  =?R6?=9
*5(41 RYA$ BL$$ M
D%DSCN R46L RYA$ 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
4$ (@M, RYA$ LA$6.$L  AK?$LL?K ?K$ ?= W464 A?KRL =# AK99$9 LRR$;$=RL ;Y $
A9$#D 7$RL ?* ?K$ RYA$ #? =?R K$L$KV$ LR?K2$D
4==$9 $=#L! A?KRL! R6;$KL =# ?K$L K$ ?99$R6V$9Y K$*$KK$# R? L 4V6=2 12*51 RYA$LD
X$AR *?K ?K$L! W464 #? =?R K$L$KV$ LR?K2$! = ?7$R ?* K$L?UK$ RYA$ K$*$KL R?  9?R6?=
6= LR?K2$ 6= W464 = 6#$=R6.$K *?K R4$ K$L?UK$ 6L K$?K#$#D
$29! $29(9'! =;HL! L48(H! $;H( =# O,,(H(' =# ILH(849/ K$ =$WD

8A8A ;+D G5<

= ##6R6?= R? R4$ L6 RYA$L! R4$ *?99?W6=2 #$K6V$# RYA$L ;Y $ ?=LRKUR$# 6= R4$ *?99?W6=2
WYL


1192 ?* ?7$RL ?*  26V$= RYA$D

 5(4#*(2 K$RUK=6=2 ?7$RL ?*  26V$= RYA$D
 1(2 R? ?7$RL ?*  26V$= RYA$D
 4154512 ?=R6=6=2  L$FU$=$ ?* ?7$RL ?* VK6?UL RYA$LD
=B  1'C' 5+$@+31

 (#*(2 A9$ ?* ?=R6=6=2 =Y ?=$ ?* L$V$K9 ?7$RL ?* VK6?UL RYA$LD

 #242 ?* ?7$RL ?=R6=6=2  L$FU$=$ ?* ?7$RL ?* VK6?UL RYA$LD

= 2$=$K9 R4$L$ ;$R4?#L ?* ?=LRKUR6=2 ?7$RL = $ AA96$# K$UKL6V$9YD

6LRL ?* RYA$L K$ UL$# 6= ;U9R6A9$ LL62=;$=R LRR$;$=RL BM
D%DTCN A?6=R$KL K$ K$A9$#
Y K$*$K$=$L BL$$ M
DPD@N M
DPDSDTN M
DODODTCD

8A8& G5 C.+$;<

= ?7$RJL RYA$ ;Y $ FU96.$# (@=NS! W464 ==?U=$L R4R 6RL V9U$ W699 =?R $ 4=2$#N
6RL K=2$ ?* V9U$L =# K6R4;$R6 AK?A$KR6$L 6L U=+$R$#D

A?KR ;Y $ FU96.$# 7= ?K @VS! W464 ==?U=$L R4R 6R W699 ?=9Y $ UL$# *?K 6=AUR ?K
?URAUR ?A$KR?KL BM
D%DSCD
U96.$KL K$ #6LULL$# 6= M
DPDSDT =# M
DODTD
49 =# ;OL K$ =$WD

8& ,@< 1 D.C<

= *$4 6L  =;$# K$26?= ?* LR?K2$N = &6&5 6L  K$*$K$=$ R? = ?7$RD ?K $X;A9$! 6*
NSM 6L = 6#$=R6.$K ?* RYA$ G@5#6;$=L6?=9 KKY ?* 4KH R4$= NSM&]' 6L = 9V9U$ K$*$KK6=2 R?
R4$ 4KR$K ?7$R 6=#$X$# Y R4$ .KLR $9$;$=R ?* R4$ KKY NSMD

'*#& &6&5 6L = 9V9U$ W464 6L ;?#6.9$ 6R ;ULR =?R $ = KKY! =# ;ULR =?R
4V$  K$L?UK$ ?K 6=?;A9$R$ RYA$! ?K $  *U=R6?=D
9L?! 6RL RYA$ ;ULR =?R $ FU96.$# W6R4
(@=NSN 6* 6R 6L  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! 6R ;ULR =?R 4V$ =Y ;$;$K ?K! K$UKL6V$9Y! LU;$;$K
FU96.$# W6R4 (@=NSD

8% 31D;<+31<
?;$ ?A$KR?KL! #$A$=#6=2 ?= R4$6K ?A$K=#L! UL$ ?=V$KL6?= ?* R4$ V9U$ ?* = ?A$K=#
*K?; ?=$ RYA$ R? =?R4$KD 46L L$R6?= $XA96=L R4$ K$LU9RL R? $ $XA$R$# *K?; LU4
?=V$KL6?=LD M
D/ #$R69L R4$ ?=V$KL6?=L #$;=#$# Y ;?LR ?A$KR?KLD

8%84 1@';. ;303@+31

4KR$K ?K  L4?KR 6=R$2$K! ?R4 $6R4$K L62=$# ?K =?R! ;Y $ UL$# 6= = $XAK$LL6?=
W4$K$V$K = 6=R$2$K ;Y $ UL$#D * = 7=S = K$AK$L$=R 99 R4$ V9U$L ?* R4$ ?K626=9 RYA$
R4$= R4$ V9U$ 6L ?=V$KR$# R? 7=S! ?R4$KW6L$ R4$ V9U$ 6L ?=V$KR$# R? V=N73=,+ 7=SD

8%8B 1@';. 31D;<+31<

=Y 6=R$2$K 6L ?=V$KR$# R?  26V$= U=L62=$# RYA$ Y .=#6=2 R4$ L;99$LR =?=5=$2R6V$
V9U$ R4R 6L ?=2KU$=R R? R4R 6=R$2$K! ;?#U9? ?=$ ;?K$ R4= R4$ 9K2$LR V9U$ R4R = $
K$AK$L$=R$# 6= R4$ U=L62=$# RYA$D
4$= =Y 6=R$2$K 6L ?=V$KR$# R?  L62=$# RYA$! 6RL V9U$ 6L U=4=2$# 6* 6R = $
K$AK$L$=R$# 6= R4$ =$W RYA$! =# 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$# ?R4$KW6L$D

8> F5;<<+31< =A

8%8A
;+@)0@+ 31D;<+31<

=Y ?A$KR?KL UL$ ?=V$KL6?=L W464 K6=2 R4$6K ?A$K=#L 6=R?  ?;;?= RYA$! W464 6L
9L? R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9RD 4$ KU9$L *?K A$K*?K;6=2 R4$L$ 525& 1#4!'4# *(612#*(2 K$ L
*?99?WL

 6KLR! 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$# ?= ?R4 ?A$K=#LD

 * $6R4$K ?A$K=# 6L V=N73=,+ :@=3 7=S R4$= R4$ ?R4$K 6L ?=V$KR$# R? V=N73=,+ :@=3
7=SD
 R4$KW6L$! 6* ?=$ ?A$K=# 6L :@=3 7=S =# R4$ ?R4$K 6L V=N73=,+ 7=S R4$= 6*  :@=3
7=S = K$AK$L$=R 99 V9U$L ?* = V=N73=,+ 7=S R4$= R4$ V=N73=,+ 7=S ?A$K=# 6L
?=V$KR$# R? :@=3 7=S! ?R4$KW6L$ ?R4 ?A$K=#L K$ ?=V$KR$# R? V=N73=,+ :@=3 7=SD
 R4$KW6L$! 6* ?=$ ?A$K=# 6L :@=3 7=S R4$= R4$ ?R4$K 6L ?=V$KR$# R? :@=3 7=SD
 R4$KW6L$! 6* $6R4$K ?A$K=# 6L V=N73=,+ 7=S R4$= R4$ ?R4$K 6L ?=V$KR$# R? V=N73=,+
7=SD
 R4$KW6L$ ?R4 ?A$K=#L 4V$ RYA$ 7=SD

8%8& 3+
4$ B=?=$X6LR$=RC V9U$ ?*  X@7+ ?7$R ;Y =?R $ UL$# 6= =Y WY! =# =$6R4$K $XA966R
=?K 6;A966R ?=V$KL6?= R? =Y =?=5V?6# RYA$ ;Y $ AA96$#D
= ?7$R ?* RYA$ X@7+ B@MS ?K
X@7+ S7<,M ;Y =?R $ UL$# *?K 6=AUR ?K ?URAURD

8> F5;<<+31<

4$ AK$$#$=$ ?* $XAK$LL6?= ?A$KR?KL 6L R4$ L;$ L R4$ ?K#$K ?* R4$ ;7?K LUL$R6?=L
?* R46L L$R6?=! 4624$LR AK$$#$=$ .KLRD 6R46= $4 L$R6?=! R4$ ?A$KR?KL 4V$ R4$ L;$
AK$$#$=$D $*R5 ?K K624R5LL?6R6V6RY 6L LA$6.$# 6= $4 LUL$R6?= *?K R4$ ?A$KR?KL
#6LULL$# R4$K$6=D
4$ AK$$#$=$ =# LL?6R6V6RY ?* ?A$KR?KL 6L *U99Y LA$6.$#D 4$ ?K#$K ?* $V9UR6?=
?* $XAK$LL6?=L #?$L =?R! W6R4 $KR6= $X$AR6?=L! +$R R4$ $4V6?UK ?* R4$ AK?2K;! $V$= 6*
R4$ LU$XAK$LL6?=L 6=V?9V$ L6#$ $+$RLD = AKR6U9K!  VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# 6= ?=$ AKR
?* = $XAK$LL6?= ;Y =?R U=9$LL ?R4$KW6L$ LRR$# AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K AKR ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?=D
46L KU9$ AA96$L K$UKL6V$9Y R? 99 VK69$L W464 K$ 4=2$# 6= *U=R6?=L 99$# 6= R4$
$XAK$LL6?=D
4$ 4=#96=2 ?* ?V$K0?W! #6V6#$ 4$8! =# ?R4$K $X$AR6?=L 6= $XAK$LL6?= $V9UR6?= 6L
6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D

8>84 ";1 1;@+31

* R4$ RYA$ ?* = $XAK$LL6?= 6L GKKY ?* !H *?K L?;$ RYA$ ! R4$= R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?=
6L  K$*$K$=$ R? R4$ KKY! =# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L 9R$K$# R? GK$*$K$=$ R? DH
=&  1'C' 5+$@+31

8>8B ;+0;G F5;<<+31<

K6;KY $XAK$LL6?=L K$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$L! *U=R6?= 99L! ?=LR=RL! LRK6=2L! ?K $XAK$LL6?=L
6= AK$=R4$L$L
,1#'19"8,122#*( )). 61#&"11(
# 5(4#*("&&
# *(24(4
# 241#(
# C 8,122#*( D

VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L  AK6;KY $XAK$LL6?=! AK?V6#6=2 R4$ 6#$=R6.$K =;$# BM
DPDSC 4L $$=
LU6R9Y #$9K$# L #6LULL$# $9?WN R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6L LA$6.$# Y 6RL #$9KR6?=N
R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L R4R ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$KD

*U=R6?= 99 6L  AK6;KY $XAK$LL6?=N R4$ RYA$ R4$ $XAK$LL6?= #$A$=#L ?= R4$ K$RUK=
RYA$ ?* R4$ *U=R6?= BM
DPDSDTCD

?=LR=R 6L  AK6;KY $XAK$LL6?=N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L R4R ?* R4$ ?=LR=R
BW464 #$A$=#L ?= 6RL *?K; #6LULL$# 6= M
D@D/CD

LRK6=2 96R$K9 6L  AK6;KY $XAK$LL6?=N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L GKKY ?* (5MDH

AK$=R4$L6L$# $XAK$LL6?= 6L  AK6;KY $XAK$LL6?= W4?L$ RYA$ =# V9U$ K$ 6#$=R69 R?
R4?L$ ?* R4$ U=#?K=$# $XAK$LL6?=D

8>8A 3<@$F F5;<<+31<

4$ ?A$KR?KL 6= A?LR.X $XAK$LL6?=L 2K?UA 9$*R R? K624RD
,*248"8,122#*( )). ,1#'19"8,122#*(
# 61#&"11( GG
# 61#&"11( 66

61#&"11( )). #(4#1

# 61#&"11( & 8,122#*( '
# 61#&"11( F #(4#1
# C 61#&"11( * 49,"(' D

5(4#*("&& )). #(4#1 C 8,122#*("&#24 !( D

8,122#*("&#24 )). 8,122#*(

# 8,122#*( * 8,122#*("&#24

8>8A84
;;G ";1<

VK69$ K$*$K$=$ *?99?W$# Y = $XAK$LL6?= 6= LFUK$ K8$RL 6L  LULK6AR$# KKY

K$*$K$=$D 4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ ;ULR $6R4$K 4V$ RYA$ G(5KKY ?*  H ?K GK$*$K$=$ R? =
(5KKY ?* !H W4$K$ ( 6L R4$ =U;$K ?* #6;$=L6?=L =#  6L L?;$ RYA$! =# R4$ $XAK$LL6?=
;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ LULK6AR$# VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L D * R4$ V9U$ ?*
R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L 9$LL R4= Z$K? ?K 2K$R$K R4= ?K $FU9 R? ( R4$= R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L 6=V96#D
$$ M
DODOD@ *?K *UKR4$K #6LULL6?=D

8> F5;<<+31< =%

8>8A8B C1@+31 ..<

*U=R6?= 99 6L = 6#$=R6.$K *?99?W$# Y AK$=R4$L$L ?=R6=6=2 = ?AR6?=9 96LR ?* ?;;5

L$AKR$# $XAK$LL6?=L! W464 ?=LR6RUR$ R4$ K2U;$=RL R? R4$ *U=R6?=D * R4$ 6#$=R6.$K
4L RYA$ GRK=LR6?= *U=R6?= K$RUK=6=2 X@7+H R4$= R4$ 99 ;ULR $ W6R46= R4$ L?A$ ?* 
RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R BM
D%D>CD R4$KW6L$! R4$ 6#$=R6.$K ;ULR 4V$ RYA$ G*U=R6?= K$RUK=6=2
!H ?K GL$9$R *U=R6?= K$RUK=6=2 !H *?K L?;$ RYA$ ! 6= W464 L$ R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ *U=R6?=
99 4L RYA$ D
U=R6?= #$9KR6?=L K$ 96;6R$# R? .9$5L?A$ ?=9Y BM
D>CD ;A966R *U=R6?= #$9KR6?=L
BL$$  M
ODSDTC K$ U=LUAA?KR$#D
4$ R$K; 1 5'(4 K$*$KL R? = $XAK$LL6?= ALL$# Y  *U=R6?= 99! =# R4$ R$K;
,1'41 K$*$KL R? = 6=AUR ?7$R B?K 6RL 6#$=R6.$KC K$$6V$# Y  *U=R6?= #$.=6R6?=! ?K
#$LK6$# 6=  *U=R6?= #$9KR6?=D
* R4$ RYA$ ?*  AK;$R$K 6L GK$*$K$=$ R? !H *?K L?;$ ! R4$= 6RL K2U;$=R 6L ALL$# Y
K$*$K$=$! ?R4$KW6L$ R4$ K2U;$=R 6L ALL$# Y V9U$D = AK$AK6=2 *?K R4$ 99 R?  *U=R6?=!
 ?AY 6L ;#$ ?* $4 K2U;$=R R4R 6L ALL$# Y V9U$D
*U=R6?= ;Y 4=2$ R4$ V9U$L
?* R4$L$ AK;$R$K ?7$RL! W464 K$ ?A6$L ?* R4$ K2U;$=R $XAK$LL6?=L! UR R4$L$ 4=2$L
==?R +$R R4$ V9U$L ?* R4$ K2U;$=RLD ?K ?7$RL R4R K$ ALL$# Y K$*$K$=$!  *U=R6?=
;Y 4=2$ R4$ V9U$L R4R R4$L$ ?7$RL #$K$*$K$=$! R4$K$Y +$R6=2 R4$ V9U$L ?* R4$
K2U;$=RLD ?K R4$ AUKA?L$ ?* #6L7?6=R=$LL 4$86=2! ALL6=2 = ?7$R Y K$*$K$=$ ?U=RL
L  WK6R$ R? R4R ?7$R U=9$LL R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ AK;$R$K 6L FU96.$# L (@=NS ?K = KKY ?*
?7$RL FU96.$# L (@=NSD
?K K2U;$=RL ALL$# Y V9U$! R4$ K2U;$=R =# AK;$R$K K$ #$$;$# R? 2K$$ 6= RYA$
6* R4$ AK?;?R$# RYA$ ?* R4$ K2U;$=R 6L R4R ?* R4$ AK;$R$K 6RL$9*! W6R4?UR AK?;?R6?=D ?K
K2U;$=RL ALL$# Y K$*$K$=$! R4$ K2U;$=R =# AK;$R$K 2K$$ 6= RYA$ ?=9Y 6* R4$ RYA$L
K$ $FU6V9$=R BL$$
DOD@@C 62=?K6=2 99 FU96.$KL =# KKY L6Z$L! =# ?$Y R4$ *?99?W6=2
KU9$L


= ?7$R ?K = KKY ?* ?7$RL #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K (@=NS ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L
= K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?= W6R4 AK;$R$K FU96.$# (@=NSD

= ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K 7= ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?=
W6R4 AK;$R$K FU96.$# 7= ?K X@7+D

= ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K @VS ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?=
W6R4 AK;$R$K FU96.$# @VS ?K X@7+D

= ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ LA$6.$K X@7+ ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R? 
*U=R6?= W6R4 AK;$R$K LA$6.$# X@7+D
= ?7$R =?R FU96.$# 7=! @VS ?K X@7+ ;Y $
UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?= W6R4 AK;$R$K FU96.$# $6R4$K 7=! @VS ?K X@7+D

= ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K !V00,M,+ ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?
 *U=R6?= AK;$R$K FU96.$# !V00,M,+D
= ?7$R =?R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K
!V00,M,+ ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?= AK;$R$K =?R FU96.$#
!V00,M,+D

= ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K NSM,<7=3 ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?
 *U=R6?= AK;$R$K FU96.$# NSM,<7=3D
= ?7$R =?R #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K
NSM,<7=3 ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?= AK;$R$K =?R FU96.$#
NSM,<7=3D
=>  1'C' 5+$@+31


= ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 = KKY L6Z$ ?* ( ;Y ?=9Y $ UL$# L = K2U;$=R R? 

*U=R6?= AK;$R$K R4R 6L = KKY ?* U=8=?W= L6Z$ ?K ?* L6Z$ ' W4$K$ ' :( (D

= ?7$R ALL$# R?  AK;$R$K #$9K$# W6R4?UR R4$ FU96.$K (@=NS ;ULR $ = 9V9U$D

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# 6= ?=$ K2U;$=R ;Y =?R AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K K2U;$=RD 46L
KU9$ AA96$L K$UKL6V$9Y R? 99 VK69$L AA$K6=2 6= *U=R6?=L 99$# Y R4$ K2U;$=RLD
4$ K2U;$=RL ALL$# Y V9U$ K$ ?=V$KR$#! L 6* Y LL62=;$=R! R? R4$ RYA$L ?*
R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 AK;$R$KL ?* R4$ *U=R6?=JL #$9KR6?= B?K AK?R?RYA$CD 4$ =U;$K ?*
K2U;$=RL ;ULR $ R4$ L;$ L R4$ =U;$K ?* AK;$R$KL! U=9$LL R4$ #$9KR6?=JL AK;$R$K
96LR $=#L W6R4 R4$ $996AL6L =?RR6?= B* FFFCD = R4R L$! R4$ =U;$K ?* K2U;$=RL ;ULR $FU9
?K $X$$# R4$ =U;$K ?* AK;$R$KLN RK696=2 6=R$2K9 K2U;$=RL $Y?=# R4$ $XA966R9Y RYA$#
AK;$R$KL U=#$K2? 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?= BM
D/D@CD
4$ ?K#$K ?* $V9UR6?= ?* K2U;$=RL 6L U=LA$6.$#! UR R4$ K2U;$=RL K$ ?;A9$R$9Y
$V9UR$#! 6=9U#6=2 99 L6#$ $+$RL! $*?K$ R4$ *U=R6?= 6L $=R$K$#D $UKL6V$ 99L R? =Y
*U=R6?= K$ A$K;6RR$#D
4$ K$R6?= ?* ;?K$ R4= ?=$ K$*$K$=$ R? R4$ L;$ ?7$R ?* L6 RYA$!  LRKURUK$! 
U=6?= ?K = KKY 6L 6=V96#D 4$ K$R6?= ?*  K$*$K$=$ R?  LRKURUK$! U=6?= ?K KKY! =# R?
 ;$;$K ?K $9$;$=R K$UKL6V$9Y ?=R6=$# W6R46= 6L 6=V96#D 4$ K$R6?= ?* ;?K$ R4= ?=$
K$*$K$=$ R? ?7$RL ?=R6=$# W6R46= #6LR6=R ;$;$KL ?*  U=6?= 6L 6=V96#D

8>8A8A @;C@C; ";1<

VK69$ K$*$K$=$ *?99?W$# Y  #?R *?99?W$# Y = 6#$=R6.$K 6L  ;$;$K K$*$K$=$D 4$

VK69$ K$*$K$=$ ;ULR $  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! =# R4$ 6#$=R6.$K ;ULR =;$  ;$;$K ?*
R4$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=D 4$ V9U$ 6L R4$ =;$# ;$;$K ?* R4$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! =# 6RL
RYA$ 6L R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ ;$;$KD
RKURUK$L =# U=6?=L K$ #6LULL$# 6= M
DOD1D

8>8A8& +1@;5;@@+31

9$*R AK$=R4$L6L *?99?W$# Y  VK69$ K$*$K$=$ *?99?W$# Y  ?;; *?99?W$# Y  RYA$

=;$ BM
DOD>C *?99?W$# Y  K624R AK$=R4$L6L 6L  K$6=R$KAK$RR6?= LRD
4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ ;ULR =?R LA$6*Y  K$L?UK$ RYA$N 6RL RYA$ ;ULR $ ?;A9$R$ ?K 6R
;ULR $ = 6=?;A9$R$ KKY W6R4 R4$ .KLR #6;$=L6?= ;6LL6=2 W464! 6* AK?V6#$#! ?;A9$R$L
R4$ RYA$D 4$ VK69$ RYA$ =;$ ;ULR =?R $  K$L?UK$ RYA$N 6R ;ULR $ ?;A9$R$D
* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L U=8=?W= $UL$ 6R K$*$K$=$L = KKY
AK;$R$K W6R4 U=8=?W= L6Z$ R4$= R4$ *?99?W6=2 RW? KU9$L AA9YD 6KLR! 6* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$
=;$ 6L  ?;A69$5R6;$ ?=LR=R  R4$= R KU=5R6;$ 6* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L 9$LL
R4=  R4$= R4$ K$6=R$KAK$R ?A$KR6?= 6L 6=V96#D $?=#! 6* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$ =;$ 6L =?R
8=?W= R ?;A69$5R6;$ $UL$ 6R 6L = KKY 6= W464 R4$ 9K2$LR #6;$=L6?= 6L U=LA$6.$#
R4$= R KU=5R6;$ R4$ K$6=R$KAK$R ?A$KR6?= AK?V6#$L  V9U$ *?K R4$ #6;$=L6?=  LU4 R4R R4$
L6Z$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R6=2 RYA$ 6L =?R 9K2$K R4= R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$! UR
W6R4  V9U$ ?* /+ 6R W?U9# $D
* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L  ?;A69$5R6;$ ?=LR=R  R4$= R4$
*?99?W6=2 RW? KU9$L AA9YD 6KLR! 6* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$ =;$ 6L  ?;A69$5R6;$ ?=LR=R 
R4$=  ;ULR =?R $ 2K$R$K R4= D $?=#! 6* R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ RYA$ =;$ 6L U=8=?W= $UL$
6R K$*$K$=$L = KKY 6= W464 R4$ 9K2$LR #6;$=L6?= 6L U=LA$6.$# R4$=  V9U$ *?K R46L

8> F5;<<+31< ==

#6;$=L6?=  6L ?;A9$R$# R ?;A69$5R6;$ LU4 R4R R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R6=2 RYA$ 6L =?R
9K2$K R4= ! UR W6R4  V9U$ ?* /+ 6R W?U9# $D
? K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$# R4$ $+$R ?* R4$ K$6=R$KAK$RR6?= 6L R? RK$R R4$
VK69$ L 6* 6R 4# R4$ LA$6.$# RYA$D
= KKY ?* L6Z$ Z$K? 6L  V96# K$6=R$KAK$RR6?=N =Y
RR$;AR$# 6=#$X 6=R? R4$ KKY 6L 6=V96#D
4$ UL$ ?*  K$6=R$KAK$R$# ?7$R ;Y $ 6=V96# 6* 6R 6L =?R LU6R9Y 962=$# 6= LR?K2$D R
6L 2UK=R$$# ?=9Y R4R = ?7$R ;Y $ K$6=R$KAK$R$# R? = ?7$R W4?L$ RYA$ K$FU6K$L 9$LL
?K $FU99Y LRK6R LR?K2$ 962=;$=RN R4$ =?R6?= ?* G962=;$=RH 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#! UR
?7$RL ?* R4$ (5M RYA$L 4V$ 9$LR LRK6R 962=;$=R K$FU6K$;$=RLD

8>8& 1;G 5;@3;<

XAK$LL6?=L W6R4 U=KY ?A$KR?KL 2K?UA K624R5R?59$*RD
5(19"8,122#*( )). ,*248"8,122#*(
# GG 61#&"11(
# 66 61#&"11(
# 5(19"*,14*1 24"8,122#*(
# N7\,@0 5(19"8,122#*(
# N7\,@0 C 49,"(' D
# 7N=V:: C 5(19"8,122#*( D

5(19"*,14*1 )). *( *

G 6  /

8>8&84 ;$F 1;01@@+31 5;@3;<

U=KY $XAK$LL6?= AK$$#$# Y  GG ?K 66 ?A$KR?K 6L  U=KY $XAK$LL6?=D 4$ ?A$K=# 6L

6=K$;$=R$# BGGC ?K #$K$;$=R$# B66C Y @D 4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L R4$ V9U$ *R$K
R4$ 6=K$;$=RR6?= B#$K$;$=RR6?=CD 4$ ?A$K=# ;ULR $  ;?#6.9$ 9V9U$N L$$ R4$
#6LULL6?= ?* ##6R6V$ ?A$KR?KL BM
DPDOC =# LL62=;$=R BM
DPD@OC *?K #$R69L ?* R4$ ?A$KR6?=D
4$ K$LU9R 6L =?R = 9V9U$D

8>8&8B 1;G .C< 5;@3;

4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ U=KY G ?A$KR?K ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$! =# R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ V9U$ ?*
6RL ?A$K=#D
= 6=R$2K9 ?A$K=# U=#$K2?$L 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?=N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$
RYA$ ?* R4$ AK?;?R$# ?A$K=#D

8>8&8A 1;G +1C< 5;@3;

4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ U=KY 6 ?A$KR?K ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$! =# R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ =$2R6V$
?* 6RL ?A$K=#D
= 6=R$2K9 ?A$K=# U=#$K2?$L 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?=D 4$ =$2R6V$ ?* =
U=L62=$# FU=R6RY 6L ?;AUR$# Y LURKR6=2 R4$ AK?;?R$# V9U$ *K?; R4$ 9K2$LR V9U$ ?*
R4$ AK?;?R$# RYA$ =# ##6=2 ?=$N UR =$2R6V$ Z$K? 6L Z$K?D 4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$
RYA$ ?* R4$ AK?;?R$# ?A$K=#D
=  1'C' 5+$@+31

8>8&8& 1:< 6+@E+<7 305.01@ 5;@3;

4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ U=KY  ?A$KR?K ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$! =# R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ ?=$JL
?;A9$;$=R ?* 6RL ?A$K=#D 4$ 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$#D * R4$ ?A$K=# 6L
U=L62=$#! R4$ K$LU9R 6L ?;AUR$# Y LURKR6=2 R4$ V9U$ *K?; R4$ 9K2$LR V9U$ ?* R4$
AK?;?R$# RYA$D * R4$ ?A$K=# 6L L62=$#! R4$ K$LU9R 6L ?;AUR$# Y ?=V$KR6=2 R4$ AK?;?R$#
?A$K=# R? R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 U=L62=$# RYA$! AA9Y6=2 ! =# ?=V$KR6=2 8 R? R4$ L62=$#
RYA$D 4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ AK?;?R$# ?A$K=#D

8>8&8% 3'+. '@+31 5;@3;

4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ / ?A$KR?K ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$! =# R4$ K$LU9R 6L @ 6* R4$ V9U$ ?*
6RL ?A$K=# ?;AK$L $FU9 R? [! =# [ ?R4$KW6L$D 4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L 7=SD

8>8&8> +H3" 5;@3;

4$ N7\,@0 ?A$KR?K Y6$9#L R4$ =U;$K ?* YR$L K$FU6K$# R? LR?K$ = ?7$R ?* R4$ RYA$ ?* 6RL
?A$K=#D 4$ ?A$K=# 6L $6R4$K = $XAK$LL6?=! W464 6L =?R $V9UR$#! ?K  AK$=R4$L6L$# RYA$
=;$D 4$= N7\,@0 6L AA96$# R?  (5M! R4$ K$LU9R 6L @N W4$= AA96$# R? = KKY! R4$ K$LU9R
6L R4$ R?R9 =U;$K ?* YR$L 6= R4$ KKYD 4$= AA96$# R?  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! R4$ K$LU9R 6L
R4$ =U;$K ?* YR$L 6= R4$ ?7$R! 6=9U#6=2 =Y A##6=2 K$FU6K$# R? ;8$ R4$ ?7$R R69$ =
KKY R4$ L6Z$ ?* = KKY ?* ( $9$;$=RL 6L ( R6;$L R4$ L6Z$ ?* ?=$ $9$;$=RD 4$= AA96$# R?
 K$*$K$=$! R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ =U;$K ?* YR$L 6= R4$ ?7$R K$*$KK$# R?D 4$ ?A$KR?K ;Y =?R
$ AA96$# R? = ?A$K=# ?* *U=R6?= RYA$! ?* K$L?UK$ RYA$ ?K ?* = 6=?;A9$R$ RYA$D 4$
?A$KR?K ;Y =?R $ AA96$# R? = ?A$K=# ?* K$*$K$=$ RYA$ W4$K$ R4$ K$*$K$=$ 6L R? =
KKY ?* U=8=?W= L6Z$D 4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D 4$ K$LU9R 6L =
U=L62=$# 6=R$2K9 ?=LR=RN R4$ AKR6U9K RYA$ 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D

8>8&8= <1C.. 5;@3;

4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ 7N=V:: ?A$KR?K ;ULR $ = 9V9U$D 4$ K$LU9R 6L @ 6* 6RL ?A$K=# 4L V9U$
=V::! =# [ ?R4$KW6L$D 4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L 7=SD

8>8% <@<

U=KY $XAK$LL6?= AK$$#$# Y R4$ AK$=R4$L6L$# =;$ ?*  RYA$ UL$L ?=V$KL6?= ?* R4$
V9U$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= R? R4$ =;$# RYA$D
24"8,122#*( )). 5(19"8,122#*(
# C 49,"(' D 24"8,122#*(
46L ?=LRKUR6?= 6L 99$#  24D 4$ LR ;ULR =?R LA$6*Y  LRKURUK$!  U=6?=! = KKY! ?K
 K$L?UK$ RYA$N =$6R4$K ;ULR R4$ $XAK$LL6?=D YA$ =;$L K$ #$LK6$# 6= M
DOD>D 4$ $+$RL
?* K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ #$LK6$# 6= M
D/DSD
= $XAK$LL6?= W6R4  LR 6L =?R = 9V9U$D

8> F5;<<+31< =2

8>8> C.@+5.+@+D 5;@3;<

4$ ;U9R6A96R6V$ ?A$KR?KL ! R =# E 2K?UA 9$*R5R?5K624RD
'5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*( )). 24"8,122#*(
# '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(  24"8,122#*(
# '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*( R 24"8,122#*(
# '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*( E 24"8,122#*(

4$ ?A$K=#L ?*  =# R ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$N R4$ ?A$K=#L ?* E ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9
RYA$D 4$ ULU9 K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$# ?= R4$ ?A$K=#L! =# #$R$K;6=$ R4$
RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9RD
4$ 6=KY  ?A$KR?K #$=?R$L ;U9R6A96R6?=D
4$ 6=KY R ?A$KR?K AK?#U$L R4$ FU?R6$=R! =# R4$ E ?A$KR?K R4$ K$;6=#$K! ?* R4$
#6V6L6?= ?* R4$ .KLR ?A$K=# Y R4$ L$?=#N 6* R4$ L$?=# ?A$K=# 6L [ R4$= R4$ K$LU9R 6L
6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D R4$KW6L$! 6R 6L 9WYL RKU$ R4R CR!D! G E! 6L $FU9 R? D *
?R4 ?A$K=#L K$ =?=5=$2R6V$! R4$= R4$ K$;6=#$K 6L =?=5=$2R6V$ =# L;99$K R4= R4$
#6V6L?KN 6* =?R! 6R 6L 2UK=R$$# ?=9Y R4R R4$ L?9UR$ V9U$ ?* R4$ K$;6=#$K 6L L;99$K R4=
R4$ L?9UR$ V9U$ ?* R4$ #6V6L?KD

8>8=
+@+D 5;@3;<

4$ ##6R6V$ ?A$KR?KL G =# 6 2K?UA 9$*R5R?5K624RD
#4#6"8,122#*( )). '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(
# #4#6"8,122#*( G '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(
# #4#6"8,122#*( 6 '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(
?K ?R4 ?A$KR?KL! $4 ?A$K=# ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 4$ ULU9 K6R4;$R6 ?=V$K5
L6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$# ?= R4$ ?A$K=#L! =# #$R$K;6=$ R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9RD
4$ K$LU9R ?* R4$ G ?A$KR?K 6L R4$ LU; ?* R4$ ?A$K=#L! =# R4$ K$LU9R ?* R4$ 6 ?A$KR?K
6L R4$ #6+$K$=$ ?* R4$ ?A$K=#LD

8>8 )+"@ 5;@3;<

4$ L46*R ?A$KR?KL ;; =# 44 2K?UA 9$*R5R?5K624RD ?K ?R4 ?A$KR?KL! $4 ?A$K=# ;ULR $
6=R$2K9! =# 6L LU7$R R? 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?=LD 4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4R ?* R4$ AK?;?R$#
9$*R ?A$K=#D 4$ K$LU9R 6L U=#$.=$# 6* R4$ K624R ?A$K=# 6L =$2R6V$! ?K 2K$R$K R4= ?K $FU9
R? R4$ =U;$K ?* 6RL 6= R4$ 9$*R $XAK$LL6?=JL RYA$D
2!#4"8,122#*( )). #4#6"8,122#*(
# 2!#4"8,122#*( ;; #4#6"8,122#*(
# 2!#4"8,122#*( 44 #4#6"8,122#*(
4$ K$LU9R ?* R4$ ;; ?A$KR?K 6L R4$ 9$*R ?A$K=# 9$*R5L46*R$# Y R4$ =U;$K ?* 6RL LA$6.$#
Y R4$ K624R ?A$K=#D 4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ 44 ?A$KR?K 6L R4$ 9$*R ?A$K=# K624R5L46*R$# Y R4$
=U;$K ?* 6RL LA$6.$# Y R4$ K624R ?A$K=#D
I  1'C' 5+$@+31

8>82 .@+31. 5;@3;<

4$ K$9R6?=9 ?A$KR?KL ; B9$LLC! 4 B2K$R$KC! ;. B9$LL ?K $FU9C =# 4. B2K$R$K ?K $FU9C 2K?UA
9$*R5R?5K624R BUR R46L *R 6L =?R UL$*U9CD
1&4#*(&"8,122#*( )). 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( ; 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( 4 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( ;. 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( 4. 2!#4"8,122#*(
?K 99 ?* R4$L$ ?A$KR?KL! $4 ?A$K=# ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 4$ ULU9 K6R4;$R6
?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$#N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L 7=SD

99 ?* R4$L$ ?A$KR?KL AK?#U$  K$LU9R ?* [ 6* R4$ LA$6.$# K$9R6?= 6L *9L$ =# @ 6* 6R 6L
RKU$D

8>84I 9C.+@G 5;@3;<

05&#49"8,122#*( )). 1&4#*(&"8,122#*(
# 05&#49"8,122#*( .. 1&4#*(&"8,122#*(
# 05&#49"8,122#*( /. 1&4#*(&"8,122#*(
4$ $FU96RY ?A$KR?KL .. B$FU9 R?C =# /. B=?R $FU9 R?C K$ =9?2?UL R? R4$ K$9R6?=9
?A$KR?KL $X$AR *?K R4$6K 9?W$K AK$$#$=$D

8>844 +@E+<
 5;@3;

"8,122#*( )). 05&#49"8,122#*(
#
"8,122#*(  05&#49"8,122#*(
4$ ?A$K=#L ?* R4$ 6RW6L$
 ?A$KR?K  ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$D 4$ ULU9 K6R4;$R6
?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$#N R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ 6RW6L$
 *U=R6?= ?* R4$ ?A$K=#LD

8>84B +@E+< F.C<+D  5;@3;

8&52#6" "8,122#*( )).
"8,122#*(
# 8&52#6" "8,122#*( 
"8,122#*(
4$ ?A$K=#L ?* R4$ 6RW6L$ $X9UL6V$  ?A$KR?K  ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$D 4$ ULU9
K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$#N R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ 6RW6L$ $X9UL6V$  *U=R6?= ?* 6RL
?A$K=#LD

8>84A +@E+< 1.C<+D  5;@3;

#(&52#6" "8,122#*( )). 8&52#6" "8,122#*(
# #(&52#6" "8,122#*( # 8&52#6" "8,122#*(
4$ ?A$K=#L ?* R4$ 6RW6L$ 6=9UL6V$  ?A$KR?K # ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$D 4$ ULU9
K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$#N R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ 6RW6L$ 6=9UL6V$  *U=R6?= ?* 6RL
?A$K=#LD

8> F5;<<+31< 4

8>84& 3'+.
 5;@3;

&* #&"
"8,122#*( )). #(&52#6" "8,122#*(
# &* #&"
"8,122#*(  #(&52#6" "8,122#*(
4$ 9?269
 ?A$KR?K  2K?UAL 9$*R5R?5K624RD R K$RUK=L @ 6* ?R4 6RL ?A$K=#L ?;AK$
U=$FU9 R? Z$K?! [ ?R4$KW6L$D R 2UK=R$$L 9$*R5R?5K624R 2!*14"#15#4 $V9UR6?= R4$ K624R
?A$K=# 6L $V9UR$# ?=9Y 6* R4$ 9$*R ?A$K=# $V9UR$L R? @D 4$ ?A$K=#L ;ULR 4V$
K6R4;$R6 RYA$! UR =$$# =?R $ R4$ L;$ RYA$N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L 7=SD
VK69$ W464
6L 4=2$# Y ?=$ ?A$K=# ;Y AA$K 6= R4$ ?R4$K ?A$K=#D

8>84% 3'+.  5;@3;

&* #&" "8,122#*( )). &* #&"
"8,122#*(
# &* #&" "8,122#*( ## &* #&"
"8,122#*(
4$ 9?269  ?A$KR?K ## 2K?UAL 9$*R5R?5K624RD R K$RUK=L @ 6* $6R4$K ?* 6RL ?A$K=#L ?;AK$L
U=$FU9 R? Z$K?! [ ?R4$KW6L$D R 2UK=R$$L 9$*R5R?5K624R 2!*14"#15#4 R4$ K624R ?A$K=# 6L
$V9UR$# ?=9Y 6* R4$ 9$*R ?A$K=# $V9UR$L R? [D 4$ ?A$K=#L ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$!
UR =$$# =?R $ R4$ L;$ RYA$N R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9R 6L 7=SD
VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# Y
?=$ ?A$K=# ;Y AA$K 6= R4$ ?R4$K ?A$K=#D

8>84> 31+@+31. 5;@3;

*(#4#*(&"8,122#*( )). &* #&" "8,122#*(
# &* #&" "8,122#*( I
8,122#*( ) *(#4#*(&"8,122#*(
* R4$ =$6R4$K R4$ L$?=# =# R46K# ?A$K=#L 4V$ =V:: RYA$ R4$Y ;ULR 4V$ $FU6V9$=R
RYA$L BL$$
DOD@@C 62=?K6=2 99 FU96.$KL $X$AR *?K !V00,M,+ =# NSM,<7=3! =# =Y KKY
L6Z$L! ?K R4$Y ;ULR ?R4 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D
4$ .KLR $XAK$LL6?= 6L $V9UR$# 6=9U#6=2 99 L6#$ $+$RLN 6* 6R ?;AK$L U=$FU9 R? [!
R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ L$?=# $XAK$LL6?=! ?R4$KW6L$ R4$ K$LU9R 6L R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$
R46K# $XAK$LL6?=D * $6R4$K R4$ L$?=# ?K R46K# ?A$K=# 4L RYA$ =V::! R4$ K$LU9R 4L R4$ RYA$
?* R4$ ?R4$K ?A$K=#D R4$KW6L$! 6* R4$ L$?=# =# R46K# ?A$K=#L 4V$ $FU6V9$=R RYA$L
62=?K6=2 FU96.$KL =# =Y KKY L6Z$L! R4$ K$LU9R RYA$ 4L R4$ ?;;?= RYA$ W6R4 FU96.$KL
#$R$K;6=$# Y R4$ *?99?W6=2 KU9$L

 * $6R4$K ?A$K=# 6L FU96.$# (@=NS! R4$ K$LU9R 6L FU96.$# (@=NSD

 * $6R4$K ?A$K=# 6L LA$6.$# W6R4 X@7+! R4$ K$LU9R 6L LA$6.$# W6R4 X@7+D
 * ?=$ ?A$K=# 6L FU96.$# 7= =# R4$ ?R4$K ?A$K=# 6L FU96.$# @VS! R4$ K$LU9R 6L
LA$6.$# W6R4 X@7+D R4$KW6L$! 6* $6R4$K ?A$K=# 6L FU96.$# 7= ?K @VS! R4$ K$LU9R 6L
9L? FU96.$# 7= ?K @VS K$LA$R6V$9YD * R4$ ?A$K=#L K$ KKYL ?* #6+$K$=R L6Z$L! R4$
K$LU9R 4L RYA$ GKKY ?* U=8=?W= L6Z$DH

* R4$ L$?=# =# R46K# ?A$K=#L 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$ UR K$ =?R $FU6V9$=R! R4$ ULU9
K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$#! =# #$R$K;6=$ R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ K$LU9RD
4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L  9V9U$ 6* =? K6R4;$R6 ?=V$KL6?=L K$ A$K*?K;$# =# R4$ L$?=# =#
R46K# ?A$K=#L ?R4 4V$ RYA$ =V:: ?K K$ 9V9U$LD
B  1'C' 5+$@+31

8>84=
<<+'101@ F5;<<+31<

4$K$ K$ L$V$K9 LL62=;$=R ?A$KR?KLN 99 2K?UA K624R5R?59$*RD
22# ('(4"8,122#*( )). *(#4#*(&"8,122#*(
# 61#&"11( 22# ('(4"*,14*1
22# ('(4"8,122#*(

22# ('(4"*,14*1 )). *( *

. . R. E. G. 6. ;;. 44. . . #.

99 K$FU6K$  ;?#6.9$ 9V9U$ L R4$ 9$*R ?A$K=#D 4$ 6#$=R6.$K =;$# Y R4$ 61#&"
11( ;Y AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K AKRL ?* R4$ LL62=;$=R! 6=9U#6=2 K$UKL6V$9Y =Y *U=R6?=L
99$#! L 9?=2 L R4$ VK69$L =;$# Y R4$ 6#$=R6.$KL 6= R4$L$ AKRL K$ =?R 4=2$#D 4$
RYA$ ?* = LL62=;$=R $XAK$LL6?= 6L R4R ?* 6RL 9$*R ?A$K=#! =# R4$ V9U$ 6L R4$ V9U$ LR?K$#
6= R4$ 9$*R ?A$K=# *R$K R4$ LL62=;$=R 4L R8$= A9$D
= R4$ L6;A9$ LL62=;$=R W6R4 .! R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= K$A9$L R4R ?* R4$ ?7$R
K$*$KK$# R? Y R4$ 9V9U$D =$ ?* R4$ *?99?W6=2 ;ULR $ RKU$ ?R4 ?A$K=#L 4V$ K6R4;$R6
RYA$! 6= W464 L$ R4$ K624R ?A$K=# 6L ?=V$KR$# R? R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 9$*R Y R4$ LL62=;$=RN
?K ?R4 ?A$K=#L K$ LRKURUK$L ?K U=6?=L ?* R4$ L;$ RYA$D

= $XAK$LL6?= ?* R4$ *?K;   .  6L $FU6V9$=R R?  .   CD $X$AR R4R  6L $V9UR$#
?=9Y ?=$D

8>84 300 5;@3;

K$LRK6R$# *?K; ?* R4$ ?;; ?A$KR?K 6L LUAA?KR$# 6= 0@M 9??AL BL$$ M
D%DPCD

8>842 31<@1@ F5;<<+31<

Y=RR699Y!  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= 6L = $XAK$LL6?= K$LRK6R$# R?  LUL$R ?* ?A$KR?KLD
*(24(4"8,122#*( )). *(#4#*(&"8,122#*(
XAK$LL6?=L R4R $V9UR$ R?  ?=LR=R K$ K$FU6K$# 6= L$V$K9 ?=R$XRL *R$K (N, 6= 9$99$#
LRR$;$=RL! L KKY ?U=#L! =# 6= $KR6= AK$AK?$LL?K $XAK$LL6?=LD
?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?=L ;Y =?R ?=R6= LL62=;$=RL! 6=K$;$=R ?K #$K$;$=R ?A$KR?KL ?K
*U=R6?= 99L! $X$AR 6= = ?A$K=# ?* N7\,@0D * R4$ ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= 6L K$FU6K$# R? $
6=R$2K9! 6RL ?A$K=#L ;ULR ?=L6LR ?* 6=R$2$K! $=U;$KR6?= =# 4KR$K ?=LR=RLN LRL
;ULR LA$6*Y = 6=R$2K9 RYA$D

8= .;@+31<
$9KR6?=L LA$6*Y R4$ 6=R$KAK$RR6?= 26V$= R? $4 6#$=R6.$KD $9KR6?=L R4R K$L$KV$
LR?K2$ K$ 99$# (#4#*(2D 4$ LY=RX ?* #$9KR6?=L 6L
&14#*( )). *("244'(4 !( 45&"&14#*(

45&"&14#*( )). 61"&14#*(

# ("&14#*( O
# 41("&14#*( O
# 2&"&14#*( O

8= .;@+31< A

*("244'(4 )). @= 61#&"11( )

61"&14#*( )).
"2,#1 #(#4"61"&14*1"&#24 !( O

("&14#*( )).
"2,#1 ("&14*1

# $ "2,#1"&#24 % ("&14*1

41("&14#*( )).
"2,#1 SM=N(S7@= ("&14*1

2&"&14#*( )).
"2,#1 N,:,(S ("&14*1

"2,#1"&#24 )).
"2,#1

# "2,#1"&#24 *
"2,#1

VK69$ #$9KR6?= AK$.X$# W6R4 @= ;ULR #$9K$ = ?7$R ?* RYA$ B@MS ?K B@MS) D 4$
VK69$ *?99?W6=2 @= ;ULR K$*$K R? = ?7$R ?* RYA$ (@M,D
@= #?$L =?R 4=2$ R4$ ;$=6=2 ?* R4$ #$9KR6?= 6R AK$.X$LD
4$ 61"&14*1L 6= R4$ #(#4"61"&14*1"&#24 =# R4$ ("&14*1 BL$$ M
DODPC
?=R6= R4$ 6#$=R6.$KL $6=2 #$9K$#D
"2,#1 )). 24*1 "&22"2,#1
# 49,"2,#1
# 49,"05&#1
# 7=:7=,

#(#4"61"&14*1"&#24 )). #(#4"61"&14*1

# #(#4"61"&14*1 * #(#4"61"&14*1"&#24

#(#4"61"&14*1 )). 61"&14*1
. #(#4#&#21 !(

$9KR?KL K$ #6LULL$# 9R$K BM
DODPCN R4$Y ?=R6= R4$ =;$L $6=2 #$9K$#D
#$9KR6?=
;ULR 4V$ R 9$LR ?=$ #$9KR?K! ?K 6RL RYA$ LA$6.$K ;ULR #$9K$  LRKURUK$ R2 ?K  U=6?=
R2N $;ARY #$9KR6?=L K$ =?R A$K;6RR$#D

8=84 @3;' .<< 5+$;<

4$ LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$KL K$
24*1 "&22"2,#1 )). VS@
# M,37NS,M
# NSS7(
# ,ZS,M=
# S[B,+,0
# N,MX7(,
4$ ;$=6=2L ?* R4$ LR?K2$ 9LL$L W$K$ #6LULL$# 6= M
DSD
4$ VS@ =# M,37NS,M LA$6.$KL 26V$ R4$ #$9K$# ?7$RL UR?;R6 LR?K2$ 9LL! =#
;Y $ UL$# ?=9Y W6R46= *U=R6?=LD U4 #$9KR6?=L 9L? L$KV$ L #$.=6R6?=L =# UL$
LR?K2$ R? $ K$L$KV$#D
4$ NSS7( LA$6.$K 26V$L R4$ #$9K$# ?7$RL LRR6 LR?K2$ 9LL! =# ;Y $ UL$#
$6R4$K 6=L6#$ ?K ?URL6#$ *U=R6?=LD =L6#$  *U=R6?=! R46L LA$6.$K UL$L LR?K2$ R? $
99?R$#! =# L$KV$L L  #$.=6R6?=N *?K 6RL $+$R ?URL6#$  *U=R6?=! L$$ M
D@[DTD
&  1'C' 5+$@+31

4$ ,ZS,M= LA$6.$K! UL$# 6=L6#$  *U=R6?=! LA$6.$L R4R R4$ LR?K2$ *?K R4$ #$9K$#
?7$RL 6L #$.=$# $9L$W4$K$N *?K 6RL 6RL $+$RL ?URL6#$  *U=R6?= L$$ M
D@[DTD
4$ S[B,+,0 LA$6.$K #?$L =?R K$L$KV$ LR?K2$ =# 6L 99$#  LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$K *?K
LY=RR6 ?=V$=6$=$N 6R 6L #6LULL$# 6= M
DOD@[D

R ;?LR ?=$ ?* $4 ?* R4$ LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$KL ;Y $ 26V$= 6=  #$9KR6?=D * =?=$
6L 26V$=! R4$L$ KU9$L K$ UL$# ?7$RL #$9K$# 6=L6#$  *U=R6?= K$ R8$= R? $ VS@N ?7$RL
=# *U=R6?=L #$9K$# ?URL6#$  *U=R6?=! R .9$5L?A$! K$ R8$= R? $ LRR6! W6R4 $XR$K=9
96=82$D 4$ LA$6.$K N,MX7(, ;Y ?=9Y $ 26V$= W6R4 $XR$K=9 *U=R6?= #$9KR6?=LD
4$ UL$ ?* (SL(H9 6=L6#$  *U=R6?= 6L U=LUAA?KR$#D

8=8B G5 5+$;<

4$ RYA$ LA$6.$KL K$
49,"2,#1 )). X@7+
# (5M
# N5@MS
# 7=S
# :@=3
# N73=,+
# V=N73=,+
# (5=
# (5=,=+
# B@MS
# B@MS)
# S7<,M
# (@M,
# 24154"*1"5(#*("2,#1
# (5'"2,#1
# 49,"('

R ;?LR ?=$ ?* :@=3 ?K N5@MS ;Y $ LA$6.$# R?2$R4$K W6R4 7=SN R4$ ;$=6=2 6L R4$ L;$ 6*
7=S 6L =?R LA$6.$#D
R ;?LR ?=$ ?* N73=,+ ?K V=N73=,+ ;Y $ LA$6.$# R?2$R4$K W6R4 7=S!
N5@MS! :@=3 ?K (5MN $6R4$K ;Y AA$K 9?=$! 6= W464 L$ 7=S 6L U=#$KLR??#D 4$ N73=,+
LA$6.$K 6L UL$*U9 *?K *?K6=2 (5M ?7$RL R? KKY  L62=N 6R 6L A$K;6LL69$ UR K$#U=#=R
W6R4 ?R4$K 6=R$2K9 RYA$LD X@7+ ;Y $ LA$6.$# R?2$R4$K W6R4 B@MS ?K B@MS) R? #$9K$ 
V?6# A?KRN 6R ;Y $ LA$6.$# R?2$R4$K W6R4 S7<,M R? LA$6*Y  V?6# R6;$KD
R4$KW6L$! R ;?LR ?=$ RYA$ LA$6.$K ;Y $ 26V$= 6=  #$9KR6?=N 6* ?;6RR$# R4$= 6R 6L
R8$= R? $ 7=SD
YA$L ;Y 9L? $ FU96.$#! R? 6=#6R$ LA$69 AK?A$KR6$L ?* R4$ ?7$RL $6=2 #$9K$#D
49,"05&#1 )). (@=NS
# X@:S7:,
# 7=
# @VS
# !V00,M,+
# NSM,<7=3
(@=NS ;Y AA$K W6R4 =Y RYA$ LA$6.$KD
(@=NS ?7$R ;Y $ 6=6R696L$#! UR =?R R4$K$*R$K
LL62=$# ?K 6=AUR R?D ? ?7$R ;Y $ FU96.$# X@:S7:,D
?;A69$K 6L K$FU6K$# R? K$?2=6L$
R46L FU96.$K =# 6LLU$ = AAK?AK6R$ $KK?K ;$LL2$D

8= .;@+31< %

7= =# @VS ;Y AA$K W6R4 R4$ B@MS =# B@MS) RYA$ LA$6.$KL UR =?R W6R4 X@7+D
=
?7$R FU96.$# 7= ;Y AA$K 6= 6=AUR ?A$KR6?=L ?=9Y! =# = ?7$R FU96.$# @VS ;Y
AA$K 6= ?URAUR ?A$KR6?=L ?=9Y BM
D%DSCD !V00,M,+ ;Y AA$K W6R4 R4$ B@MS =# B@MS)
RYA$ LA$6.$KLD NSM,<7=3 ;Y AA$K W6R4 R4$ (5= =# (5=,=+ RYA$ LA$6.$KLD

UR?;R6 VK69$L ;Y =?R $ #$9K$# W6R4 RYA$ B@MS! B@MS) ! (5=,=+ ?K (@M,D RR6
VK69$L ;Y =?R $ #$9K$# W6R4 RYA$L (5= ?K (5=,=+D ?KRL LA$6.$# W6R4 X@7+ ;Y =?R
$ UL$# 6= 6=AUR ?K ?URAUR ?A$KR6?=LD

8=8A 
<5+$;

YA$L ;Y $ LA$6.$# 7=:7=,! R? LU22$LR R4R 99L R? R4$ *U=R6?= $ L *LR L A?LL69$D

#$.=6R6?= 6L = #(&#( (#4#*( 6* 99 R4$ .9$5L?A$ #$9KR6?=L *?K  *U=R6?= 6= R4$
RK=L9R6?= U=6R 6=9U#$ R4$ 7=:7=, LA$6.$K W6R4?UR ,ZS,M=D
= 6=96=$ #$.=6R6?= ?*  *U=R6?=
W6R4 $XR$K=9 96=82$ ;ULR =?R ?=R6=  #$.=6R6?= ?*  ;?#6.9$ ?7$R W6R4 LRR6 LR?K2$!
=# ;ULR =?R ?=R6=  K$*$K$=$ R? = 6#$=R6.$K W6R4 $XR$K=9 96=82$D
4$ $XR$=R R? W464 LU22$LR6?=L K$ $+$R6V$ 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D

8=8& @;C@C; 1 1+31 .;@+31<

LRKURUK$ 6L = ?7$R ?=L6LR6=2 ?*  L$FU$=$ ?* =;$# ;$;$KL ?* VK6?UL RYA$LD

U=6?= 6L = ?7$R R4R ?=R6=L! R #6+$K$=R R6;$L! =Y ?=$ ?* L$V$K9 ;$;$KL ?* VK6?UL
RYA$LD RKURUK$L =# U=6?=L 4V$ R4$ L;$ *?K;D
24154"*1"5(#*("2,#1 )). 24154"*1"5(#*( #(4#1 !( $
''1/ %
# 24154"*1"5(#*( #(4#1

24154"*1"5(#*( )). NSMV(S

# V=7@=

''1 6L  #$9KR6?= *?K  ;$;$K ?* R4$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=D
''1 )).
2,#1"*1"05&#1/ 24154"61"&14*1"&#24 O

2,#1"*1"05&#1 )). 49,"2,#1

# 49,"05&#1

24154"61"&14*1"&#24 )). 61"&14*1

# 61"&14*1 * 24154"61"&14*1"&#24

RYA$ LA$6.$K ?* R4$ *?K;
24154"*1"5(#*( #(4#1 $
''1/ %
#$9K$L R4$ 6#$=R6.$K R? $ R4$ 4 ?* R4$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= LA$6.$# Y R4$ ;$;$K 96LRD

LUL$FU$=R #$9KR6?= ;Y K$*$K R? R4$ L;$ RYA$ Y UL6=2 R4$ R2 6=  LA$6.$K W6R4?UR R4$
;$;$K 96LR
24154"*1"5(#*( #(4#1
*  LA$6.$K W6R4  R2 UR W6R4?UR  96LR AA$KL W4$= R4$ R2 6L =?R #$9K$#! =
#(*',&4 49, 6L LA$6.$#D 7$RL W6R4 = 6=?;A9$R$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= RYA$ ;Y $ UL$#
6= ?=R$XRL W4$K$ R4$6K L6Z$ 6L =?R =$$#$#D 4$ RYA$ $?;$L ?;A9$R$ ?= ?UKK$=$ ?* 
LUL$FU$=R LA$6.$K W6R4 R4R R2! =# ?=R6=6=2  #$9KR6?= 96LRD V$= 6= LA$6.$KL W6R4 
96LR! R4$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= RYA$ $6=2 #$9K$# 6L 6=?;A9$R$ W6R46= R4$ 96LR! =# $?;$L
?;A9$R$ ?=9Y R R4$ % R$K;6=R6=2 R4$ LA$6.$KD
>  1'C' 5+$@+31

LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= ;Y =?R ?=R6=  ;$;$K ?* 6=?;A9$R$ ?K K$L?UK$ RYA$! $X$AR
R4R  LRKURUK$ ;Y ?=R6=  ;$;$K ?* RYA$ A?KR ?K R6;$KD *  LRKURUK$ 6L #$9K$# R?
4V$  ;$;$K W6R4 ?=$ ?* R4$L$ RYA$L R4$= VK69$L ?* R4$ LRKURUK$ ;Y $ #$9K$# ?=9Y
L $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?=L BL$$ M
D>CD

LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= LA$6.$K W6R4  96LR UR =? R2 K$R$L  U=6FU$ RYA$N 6R = $
K$*$KK$# R? #6K$R9Y ?=9Y 6= R4$ #$9KR6?= ?* W464 6R 6L  AKRD
4$ =;$L ?* ;$;$KL =# R2L #? =?R ?=06R W6R4 $4 ?R4$K ?K W6R4 ?K#6=KY VK69$LD

;$;$K =;$ ;Y =?R AA$K RW6$ 6= R4$ L;$ LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! UR R4$ L;$ ;$;$K
=;$ ;Y $ UL$# 6= #6+$K$=R LRKURUK$L ?K U=6?=LD
4$ ;$;$KL ?*  LRKURUK$ 4V$ ##K$LL$L 6=K$L6=2 6= R4$ ?K#$K ?* R4$6K #$9KR6?=LD

;$;$K ?*  LRKURUK$ 6L 962=$# R = ##K$LL6=2 ?U=#KY #$A$=#6=2 ?= 6RL RYA$D

U=6?= ;Y $ R4?U24R ?* L  LRKURUK$ 99 ?* W4?L$ ;$;$KL $26= R ?+L$R [ =#
W4?L$ L6Z$ 6L LU,6$=R R? ?=R6= =Y ?* 6RL ;$;$KLD
R ;?LR ?=$ ?* R4$ ;$;$KL = $
LR?K$# 6=  U=6?= R =Y R6;$D
*  U=6?= ?=R6=L L$V$K9 LRKURUK$L R4R L4K$  ?;;?= 6=6R69 L$FU$=$! =# 6* R4$
U=6?= UKK$=R9Y ?=R6=L ?=$ ?* R4$L$ LRKURUK$L! 6R 6L A$K;6RR$# R? K$*$K R? R4$ ?;;?=
6=6R69 AKR ?* =Y ?* R4$ ?=R6=$# LRKURUK$LD

6R5.$9#L K$ U=LUAA?KR$#D

8=8% 1C0;@+31<

=U;$KR6?=L K$ U=6FU$ RYA$L W6R4 V9U$L K=26=2 ?V$K  L$R ?* =;$# ?=LR=RL 99$#
$=U;$KR?KLD 4$ *?K; ?* = $=U;$KR6?= LA$6.$K ?KK?WL *K?; R4R ?* LRKURUK$L =#
U=6?=LD
(5'"2,#1 )). ,=V< #(4#1 !( $ (5'14*1"&#24 %
# ,=V< #(4#1 !( $ (5'14*1"&#24 * %
# ,=V< #(4#1

(5'14*1"&#24 )). (5'14*1

# (5'14*1"&#24 * (5'14*1

(5'14*1 )). #(4#1

# #(4#1 . *(24(4"8,122#*(

4$ $=U;$KR?K RYA$ 6L ?;AR69$ W6R4 7=SN 6#$=R6.$KL 6= = $=U;$KR?K 96LR K$ #$9K$# L
?=LR=RL ?* RYA$ 7=S! =# ;Y AA$K W4$K$V$K ?=LR=RL K$ K$FU6K$#D * =? $=U;$KR?KL
W6R4 . AA$K! R4$= R4$ V9U$L ?* R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 ?=LR=RL $26= R [ =# 6=K$L$ Y @ L
R4$ #$9KR6?= 6L K$# *K?; 9$*R R? K624RD
= $=U;$KR?K W6R4 . 26V$L R4$ LL?6R$# 6#$=R6.$K
R4$ V9U$ LA$6.$#N LUL$FU$=R 6#$=R6.$KL ?=R6=U$ R4$ AK?2K$LL6?= *K?; R4$ LL62=$# V9U$D
=U;$KR?K =;$L 6= R4$ L;$ L?A$ ;ULR 99 $ #6LR6=R *K?; $4 ?R4$K =# *K?;
?K#6=KY VK69$ =;$L! UR R4$ V9U$L =$$# =?R $ #6LR6=RD
4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ (5'"2,#1 =;$L  AKR6U9K $=U;$KR6?=D 4$ KU9$L *?K
$=U; LA$6.$KL W6R4 =# W6R4?UR R2L =# 96LRL K$ R4$ L;$ L R4?L$ *?K LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=
LA$6.$KL! $X$AR R4R 6=?;A9$R$ $=U;$KR6?= RYA$L #? =?R $X6LRN R4$ R2 ?* = (5'"2,#1
W6R4?UR = (5'14*1"&#24 ;ULR K$*$K R? = 6=5L?A$ LA$6.$K W6R4  96LRD

8= .;@+31< =

8=8> .;@3;<
$9KR?KL 4V$ R4$ LY=RX
61"&14*1 )). #(4#1
#'(2#*("2#:
#  #(4#1
# I #((4#1
#'(2#*("2#:
#  I #(4#1

("&14*1 )). #(4#1 C ,1'41"49,"&#24 !( D

#'(2#*("2#: )). & *(24(4"8,122#*( !( '

4$ LRKURUK$ ?* #$9KR?KL K$L$;9$L R4R ?* *U=R6?= =# KKY $XAK$LL6?=LN R4$ 2K?UA6=2
6L R4$ L;$D

8=8= 1+1' 3" .;@3;<

=$ ?K ;?K$ #$9KR?KL AA$K *R$K  L$FU$=$ ?* LR?K2$ 9LL =# RYA$ LA$6.$KLD 4$
#$9KR?KL ;Y $ AK$.X$# Y $6R4$K N,:,(S ?K SM=N(S7@=! 6= W464 L$ ?=9Y LR?K2$ 9LL
LA$6.$KL K$ A$K;6RR$# L R4$ #$9KR6?= LA$6.$KLN R4$ K$RUK= RYA$ 6L 6;A966R9Y X@7+D 4
#$9KR?K #$9K$L  U=6FU$ ;6= 6#$=R6.$KD 4$ LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$KL AA9Y #6K$R9Y R?
R46L 6#$=R6.$K! UR 6RL RYA$ #$A$=#L ?= 6RL *?K;D
?=L6#$K6=2 ?=9Y R4$ RYA$ AKRL ?* R4$ #$9KR6?= LA$6.$KL BM
DODTC! R4$ ?AR6?=9
SM=N(S7@= =# N,:,(S! =#  AKR6U9K #$9KR?K!  #$9KR6?= 4L R4$ *?K; G*,4"41(25
4#*("*1"2&4  H W4$K$  6L  RYA$ =#  6L  #$9KR?KD 4$ RYA$ RRK6UR$# R? R4$
6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ VK6?UL *?K;L ?* #$9KR?K 6L #$LK6$# UL6=2 R46L =?RR6?=D
=  #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  6L = U=#?K=$# 6#$=R6.$K! R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6L D

A?KR ;Y $ #$9K$# L = $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?= BL$$ M
D>C ?K L  AK;$R$K ?=9YD

4==$9 ;Y $ #$9K$# L  9?9 VK69$ ?=9Y =#  4==$9 $=# ;Y $ #$9K$# L 
AK;$R$K ?=9YD
LRKURUK$ ?=R6=6=2  ;$;$K ?K! K$UKL6V$9Y! =Y LU;$;$K ?* K$L?UK$
RYA$ ;Y $ #$9K$# L = $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?= ?=9YD

8=8=84
;;G .;@3;<

=  =?=5AK;$R$K #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;

#(4#1 &
    '
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  #(4#1 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$
6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L G49,"'*#1 (5KKY ?* !H W4$K$ ( 6L R4$ K$LU9R ?* $V9UR6=2 R4$ ?=LR=R
$XAK$LL6?= =# LA$6.$L R4$ =U;$K ?* $9$;$=RL 6= R4$ KKYD 4$ ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR
4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$! =# V9U$ 2K$R$K R4= [D
=  AK;$R$K #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;
#(4#1 &
    '
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  #(4#1 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$
6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L GK$*$K$=$ R? 49,"'*#1 (5KKY ?* !H W4$K$ ( 6L R4$ K$LU9R ?* $V9UR6=2
R4$ ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= =# LA$6.$L R4$ =U;$K ?* $9$;$=RL 6= R4$ KKYD 4$ ?=LR=R
$XAK$LL6?= ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$! =# V9U$ 2K$R$K R4= [D
  1'C' 5+$@+31

=  #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;

#(4#1 &'
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  #(4#1 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?*
R4$ 6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L G49,"'*#1 #(*',&45KKY ?* DH

= KKY ;Y $ ?=LRKUR$# *K?; = K6R4;$R6 RYA$! *K?;  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! *K?; 
A?KR! R6;$K! 4==$9 ?K 4==$9 $=#! ?K *K?; =?R4$K KKY BR? 2$=$KR$  ;U9R65#6;$=L6?=9
KKYCD
=Y RYA$ *K?; W464 = KKY 6L ?=LRKUR$# ;ULR $ ?;A9$R$N 6R ;ULR =?R $ = KKY
?K LRKURUK$ ?* 6=?;A9$R$ RYA$D 46L 6;A96$L R4R *?K  ;U9R65#6;$=L6?=9 KKY! ?=9Y R4$
.KLR #6;$=L6?= ;Y $ ;6LL6=2D 4$ RYA$ ?* = ?7$R ?* 6=?;A9$R$ KKY RYA$ 6L ?;A9$R$#
$6R4$K Y =?R4$K! ?;A9$R$! #$9KR6?= *?K R4$ ?7$R BM
D>DTC! ?K Y 6=6R696L6=2 6R BM
DOD%C ?K!
*?K  *U=R6?= AK;$R$K 6= W464 R4$ .KLR #6;$=L6?= 6L ;6LL6=2! R KU=5R6;$ ?= $=RKY R? R4$
*U=R6?= Y R4$ 99$KD
* A 6L = KKY =# U = 6=R$2$K! R4$= A&U' K$*$KL R? R4$ UR4 ;$;$K ?* AD
KKYL
K$ LR?K$# Y K?WL B9LR LULK6AR VK6$L *LR$KC L? R4R R4$ .KLR LULK6AR 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=
4$9AL #$R$K;6=$ R4$ ;?U=R ?* LR?K2$ ?=LU;$# Y = KKY! UR A9YL =? ?R4$K AKR 6=
LULK6AR 9U9R6?=LD

8=8=8B ";1 .;@3;<

=  #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;

 #(4#1
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  #(4#1 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?*
R4$ 6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L GK$*$K$=$ R? 49,"'*#1 DH

K$*$K$=$ #$9K$# W6R4  ;Y 4V$ = K6R4;$R6! LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= RYA$! =# ;Y
?=9Y $ #$9K$# L  *U=R6?= AK;$R$KD

8=8=8A C... .;@3;<

=  #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;

I #(4#1
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  #(4#1 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?*
R4$ 6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L G=U999$ 49,"'*#1 DH

=U999$ ?7$R #$9K$# W6R4 I ;Y 4V$  K$L?UK$ RYA$ ?K  K$*$K$=$ RYA$! =# ;Y
?=9Y $ #$9K$# L  *U=R6?= AK;$R$KD
* = ?7$R ?=R6=L  K$*$K$=$ R? =V::! 6R 6L 6=V96# R? K$*$K$=$ R4$ ?7$R $X$AR L R4$
K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?= R86=2  =U999$ AK;$R$K! L R4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ 7N=V:: ?A$KR?K!
?K L R4$ ?A$K=# ?* R4$ N7\,@0 ?A$KR?KD

8=8=8& C1@+31 .;@3;<

=  *U=R6?= #$9KR6?=   W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;

A-,1'41"49,"&#24.
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  A 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$
6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L G49, '*#1 *U=R6?= W6R4 K2U;$=RL ,1'41"49,"&#24 K$RUK=6=2 DH * 
4L R4$ *?K; $@ *FFF* % R4$= R4$ K$RUK= RYA$ 6L ;?#6.$# R? K$# G96LR ?* RYA$L @ !D D D ! DH =
 *U=R6?= #$9KR6?= SM=N(S7@= X@7+  W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;
A-,1'41"49,"&#24.
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  A 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$

8= .;@+31< 2

6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L G49, '*#1 RK=LR6?= *U=R6?= W6R4 K2U;$=RL ,1'41"49,"&#24

K$RUK=6=2 X@7+DH =  *U=R6?= #$9KR6?= N,:,(S X@7+  W4$K$  4L R4$ *?K;
A-,1'41"49,"&#24.
=# R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ #$9KR6?=  A 6L G49,"'*#1 !H R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$
6#$=R6.$K ?*  6L G49,"'*#1 L$9$R *U=R6?= W6R4 K2U;$=RL ,1'41"49,"&#24 K$RUK=6=2
X@7+DH
4$ LY=RX ?* R4$ AK;$R$KL 6L
,1'41"49,"&#24 )). ,1'41"&#24
# ,1'41"&#24 * ,1'41"&14#*(

,1'41"&#24 )). ,1'41"&14#*(

# ,1'41"&#24 * ,1'41"&14#*(

,1'41"&14#*( )).
"2,#1/ 2414"*1"6*#"

2414"*1"6*#" )). 61"&14*1

# 2414"61"&14*1
4$ AK;$R$K 96LR LA$6.$L R4$ RYA$L ?* R4$ AK;$R$KLD
L  LA$69 L$! R4$ #$9KR?K *?K
 *U=R6?= W6R4 =? AK;$R$KL 4L  AK;$R$K 96LR ?=L6LR6=2 L?9$9Y ?* R4$ 8$YW?K# X@7+D
46L 6L 9L? L62=6.$# Y = $;ARY AK;$R$K 96LRD * R4$ AK;$R$K RYA$ 96LR $=#L W6R4 =
$996AL6L G* FFFH! R4$= R4$ *U=R6?= ;Y $AR ;?K$ R4= R4$ =U;$K ?* AK;$R$KL $XA966R9Y
#$LK6$#N L$$ M
DPDSDTD
4$ ?=9Y LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$K A$K;6RR$# 6=  AK;$R$KJL #$9KR6?= LA$6.$K 6L
M,37NS,M! =# R46L LA$6.$K 6L 62=?K$# U=9$LL R4$ *U=R6?= #$9KR?K 4$#L  *U=R6?=
#$.=6R6?=D 46L LA$6.$K 4L =? $+$R ?= R4$ $4V6?UK ?* R4$ *U=R6?=N R4$ $XR$=R R? W464
LU22$LR6?=L ;#$ Y UL6=2 R46L LA$6.$K K$ $+$R6V$ 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
6;69K9Y! 6* R4$ #$9KR?KL ?=R6= 6#$=R6.$KL =# R4$ *U=R6?= #$9KR?K #?$L =?R AK$.X
 *U=R6?= #$.=6R6?=! R4$ 6#$=R6.$KL 2? ?UR ?* L?A$ 6;;$#6R$9YD
LRKR #$9KR?KL! W464
#? =?R ;$=R6?= R4$ 6#$=R6.$KL! K$ #6LULL$# 6= M
DOD>D

*U=R6?= #$9K$# W6R4 R4$ LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$K N,MX7(, ;Y #$9K$ ?=9Y VK69$L ?*
RYA$ (5=,=+D
9#5LRY9$  *U=R6?= #$9KR6?=L BL$$  M
%DPDSC K$ U=LUAA?KR$#D

8=8 1+@+.+<@+31
4$= = ?7$R 6L #$9K$#! 6RL #(#4"61"&14*1 ;Y LA$6*Y = 6=6R69 V9U$ *?K R4$ 6#$=R6.$K
$6=2 #$9K$#D 4$ 6=6R696L$K 6L AK$$#$# Y .! =# 6L $6R4$K = $XAK$LL6?=! ?K  96LR ?*
6=6R696L$KL =$LR$# 6= K$LD
#(#4#&#21 )). *("244'(4 !( 8,122#*(
# $ #(#4#&#21"&#24 %
# $ #(#4#&#21"&#24 * %

#(#4#&#21"&#24 )). #(#4#&#21

# #(#4#&#21"&#24
= LRR$;$=RL K$ #6LULL$# 6= M
D%D%D * ;?K$ R4= ?=$ @=5LRR$;$=R 6L UL$# W6R4 R4$ L;$
VK69$ #$9KR6?=! R4$= 99 ?* R4$L$ LRR$;$=RL ;ULR K$*$K R? R4$ L;$ ?K$D
2I  1'C' 5+$@+31

99 R4$ $XAK$LL6?=L 6= R4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K  LRR6 ?7$R ?K KKY ;ULR $ ?=LR=R $XAK$L5
L6?=L L #$LK6$# 6= M
DPD@>D 4$ $XAK$LL6?=L 6= R4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K = VS@ ?K M,37NS,M ?7$R
;ULR 968$W6L$ $ ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?=L 6* R4$ 6=6R696L$K 6L  K$5$=9?L$# 96LRD ?W$V$K!
6* R4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K = UR?;R6 ?7$R 6L  L6=29$ $XAK$LL6?=! 6R =$$# =?R $  ?=LR=R
$XAK$LL6?=! UR ;ULR 4V$ AAK?AK6R$ RYA$ *?K LL62=;$=R R? R4$ ?7$RD
6;$KL! 4==$9L =# ?K$L ;ULR =?R $ $XA966R9Y 6=6R696L$#D 6;$KL =?R #$9K$# ,ZS,M=
K$ 6=6R696L$#! R KU=5R6;$! R? K$*$K R? = U=96L$# 4K#WK$ R6;$KD 4==$9L =?R #$9K$#
,ZS,M= K$ 6=6R696L$#! R KU=5R6;$! R? K$*$K R? RW? U=96L$# 4K#WK$ 4==$9 $=#L R4R K$
?==$R$# R?2$R4$K R? K$R$  A?6=R5R?5A?6=R ?;;U=6R6?= 96=8D ?KRL =?R #$9K$# ,ZS,M=!
=# =?R $XA966R9Y 6=6R696L$#! K$ 6=6R696L$# W6R4 = 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$# V9U$D

LRR6 ?7$R R4R 6L =?R  R6;$K! 4==$9 ?K A?KR! =# 6L =?R $XA966R9Y 6=6R696L$#! 6L
6=6R696L$# L 6* 6RL $XAK$LL6?= B?K 6RL ;$;$KLC W$K$ LL62=$# R4$ ?=LR=R [D 4$ 6=6R69 V9U$
?* = UR?;R6 ?7$R W6R4 K6R4;$R6 RYA$ =?R $XA966R9Y 6=6R696L$# 6L U=#$.=$#D
4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K = ?7$R ?* K6R4;$R6 RYA$ 6L  L6=29$ $XAK$LL6?=! A?LL69Y 6= K$LD
4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L LL62=$# R? R4$ ?7$RD 4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K  A?KR 6L  L6=29$ ?=LR=R
$XAK$LL6?=! A?LL69Y 6= K$LD 4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L LL62=$# R? R4$ ?7$RN 6RL 6=R$KAK$RR6?=
=# V96#6RY 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K  LRKURUK$ 6L $6R4$K = $XAK$LL6?= ?* R4$ L;$ RYA$! ?K  K$5$=9?L$#
96LR ?* 6=6R696L$KL *?K 6RL ;$;$KL 6= ?K#$KD * R4$K$ K$ *$W$K 6=6R696L$KL 6= R4$ 96LR R4=
;$;$KL ?* R4$ LRKURUK$! R4$ RK696=2 ;$;$KL K$ 6=6R696L$# W6R4 [D 4$K$ ;Y =?R $ ;?K$
6=6R696L$KL R4= ;$;$KLD
4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K = KKY 6L  K$5$=9?L$# 96LR ?* 6=6R696L$KL *?K 6RL ;$;$KLD * R4$
KKY 4L U=8=?W= L6Z$! R4$ =U;$K ?* 6=6R696L$KL #$R$K;6=$L R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ KKY! =# 6RL
RYA$ $?;$L ?;A9$R$D * R4$ KKY 4L .X$# L6Z$! R4$ =U;$K ?* 6=6R696L$KL ;Y =?R $X$$#
R4$ =U;$K ?* ;$;$KL ?* R4$ KKYN 6* R4$K$ K$ *$W$K! R4$ RK696=2 ;$;$KL K$ 6=6R696L$#
W6R4 [D

L  LA$69 L$!  4KR$K KKY ;Y $ 6=6R696L$# Y  LRK6=2 96R$K9 BK$L K$
?AR6?=9CN LU$LL6V$ 4KR$KL ?* R4$ LRK6=2 6=6R696L$ LU$LL6V$ ;$;$KL ?* R4$ KKYD * R4$
KKY 4L U=8=?W= L6Z$! R4$ =U;$K ?* 4KR$KL 6= R4$ LRK6=2! 6=9U#6=2 R4$ R$K;6=R6=2
=U99 4KR$K! #$R$K;6=$L 6RL L6Z$N 6* 6RL L6Z$ 6L .X$#! R4$ =U;$K ?* 4KR$KL 6= R4$ LRK6=2!
=?R ?U=R6=2 R4$ R$K;6=R6=2 =U99 4KR$K! ;ULR =?R $X$$# R4$ L6Z$ ?* R4$ KKYD
4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K  U=6?= 6L $6R4$K  L6=29$ $XAK$LL6?= ?* R4$ L;$ RYA$! ?K  K$5
$=9?L$# 6=6R696L$K *?K R4$ .KLR ;$;$K ?* R4$ U=6?=D

=  1 4 6L  LRKURUK$ ?K KKYD * = 22K$2R$ ?=R6=L ;$;$KL ?* 22K$2R$
RYA$! R4$ 6=6R696LR6?= KU9$L AA9Y K$UKL6V$9YD K$L ;Y $ $96#$# 6= R4$ 6=6R696LR6?= L
*?99?WL 6* R4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K = 22K$2R$JL ;$;$K R4R 6L 6RL$9* = 22K$2R$ $26=L W6R4 
9$*R K$! R4$= R4$ LU$$#6=2 ?;;5L$AKR$# 96LR ?* 6=6R696L$KL 6=6R696L$L R4$ ;$;$KL ?*
R4$ LU22K$2R$N 6R 6L $KK?=$?UL *?K R4$K$ R? $ ;?K$ 6=6R696L$KL R4= ;$;$KLD *! 4?W$V$K!
R4$ 6=6R696L$K *?K  LU22K$2R$ #?$L =?R $26= W6R4  9$*R K$! R4$= ?=9Y $=?U24 $9$;$=RL
*K?; R4$ 96LR K$ R8$= R? ?U=R *?K R4$ ;$;$KL ?* R4$ LU22K$2R$N =Y K$;6=6=2
;$;$KL K$ 9$*R R? 6=6R696L$ R4$ =$XR ;$;$K ?* R4$ 22K$2R$ ?* W464 R4$ LU22K$2R$ 6L
 AKRD

8=82 G5 0<

= L$V$K9 ?=R$XRL BR? LA$6*Y RYA$ ?=V$KL6?=L $XA966R9Y W6R4  LR! 6=  K$6=R$KAK$RR6?=!
=# R? #$9K$ AK;$R$K RYA$L 6= *U=R6?= #$9KR?KLC 6R 6L =$$LLKY R? LUAA9Y R4$ =;$ ?*

8 @@01@< 24

 #R RYA$D 46L 6L ?;A96L4$# UL6=2  49, ('! W464 6L LY=RR699Y  #$9KR6?= *?K
= ?7$R ?* R4R RYA$ ?;6RR6=2 R4$ =;$ ?* R4$ ?7$RD
49,"(' )).
2,#1"*1"05&#1/ 2414"61"&14*1

2414"61"&14*1 )).
#'(2#*("2#:

8=84I G5"
$9KR6?=L W4?L$ LR?K2$ 9LL LA$6.$K 6L S[B,+,0 #? =?R #$9K$ ?7$RLN 6=LR$# R4$Y
#$.=$ 6#$=R6.$KL R4R =;$ RYA$L B99$# RYA$#$* =;$LCD
49,"(' )). #(4#1

S[B,+,0 #$9KR6?= RRK6UR$L  RYA$ R? $4 =;$ ;?=2 6RL #$9KR?KL 6= R4$ ULU9 WY
BL$$ M
DODOCD 4$K$*R$K! $4 LU4 RYA$#$* =;$ 6L LY=RR699Y $FU6V9$=R R?  RYA$ LA$6.$K
8$YW?K# *?K R4$ LL?6R$# RYA$D S[B,+,0 #?$L =?R 6=RK?#U$ =$W RYA$L! ?=9Y LY=?=Y;L *?K
RYA$L R4R ?U9# $ LA$6.$# 6= =?R4$K WYD YA$#$* =;$L ;Y $ K$#$9K$# 6= = 6==$K
L?A$! UR  =?=5$;ARY L$R ?* RYA$ LA$6.$KL ;ULR $ 26V$=D

8=844 G5 9C+D.1

W? RYA$ LA$6.$K 96LRL K$ $FU6V9$=R 6* R4$Y ?=R6= R4$ L;$ L$R ?* RYA$ LA$6.$KL! R86=2
6=R? ?U=R R4R L?;$ LA$6.$KL = $ 6;A96$# Y ?R4$KL B*?K $X;A9$! :@=3 9?=$ 6;A96$L
:@=3 7=S! M,37NS,M 6= *?K;9L 6L 62=?K$#CD RKURUK$L =# U=6?=L W6R4 #6+$K$=R R2L K$
#6LR6=R! =#  R29$LL LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= LA$6.$L  U=6FU$ RYA$D
W? RYA$L K$ R4$ L;$ 6* R4$6K LRKR #$9KR?KL BM
DOD>C! *R$K #$9$R6=2 =Y *U=R6?=
AK;$R$K 6#$=R6.$KL! K$ R4$ L;$ UA R? $FU6V9$=$ ?* RYA$ LA$6.$K 96LRLD
KKY L6Z$L
B6=9U#6=2 R4$ L6Z$ ?* KKY AK;$R$KLC K$ L62=6.=RD ?K $4 AK;$R$K FU96.$# (@=NS
R4R 6L =?R  K$*$K$=$ RYA$! 6RL RYA$ *?K R46L ?;AK6L?= 6L R4$ U=FU96.$# V$KL6?= ?* 6RL RYA$D

8 @@01@<
X$AR L #$LK6$#! LRR$;$=RL K$ $X$UR$# 6= L$FU$=$D RR$;$=RL K$ $X$UR$# *?K R4$6K
$+$R! =# #? =?R 4V$ V9U$LD 4$Y *99 6=R? L$V$K9 2K?UALD
244'(4 )). 2#',&"244'(4 !( O
# *',*5("244'(4
# 2&4#*("244'(4
# #414#*("244'(4
# $5',"244'(4
# ,1&&&"244'(4
# 41(24#*("244'(4

2#',&"244'(4 )). 8,122#*("244'(4

# '5&4#,&"22# ('(4
# #(,54
# *54,54

L$;6?9?= Y 6RL$9* 6L 99$#  =U99 LRR$;$=RN 6R 6L ?*R$= UL$# R? LUAA9Y = $;ARY ?#Y R?
= 6R$KR6?= LRR$;$=RD
2B  1'C' 5+$@+31

8 84 F5;<<+31 @@01@
4$ LY=RX ?* = $XAK$LL6?= LRR$;$=R 6L
8,122#*("244'(4 )). 8,122#*(
?LR $XAK$LL6?= LRR$;$=RL K$ LL62=;$=RL ?K *U=R6?= 99LD
= $XAK$LL6?= LRR$;$=R ;ULR
=?R 4V$ K$L?UK$ RYA$D
99 L6#$ $+$RL *K?; R4$ $XAK$LL6?= K$ ?;A9$R$# $*?K$ R4$ =$XR
LRR$;$=R 6L $X$UR$#D

8 8B C.@+5.
<<+'101@ @@01@

4$ LY=RX ?*  ;U9R6A9$ LL62=;$=R LRR$;$=R 6L
'5&4#,&"22# ('(4 )). $ 1451("&#24 % 1#4!'4#"*,14*1 5(4#*("&&

1451("&#24 )). *,4#*(&"61#&

# *,4#*(&"61#& * 1451("&#24

*,4#*(&"61#& )). 61#&"11(

# X@7+
4$ *U=R6?= ;ULR 4V$ K$RUK= RYA$ G96LR ?* RYA$L @ !D D D ! H W4$K$ ( 6L R4$ L;$ L R4$ =U;$K
?* ?AR6?=9 VK69$L 6= R4$ K$RUK= 96LRD
4$ KU9$L *?K LL62=;$=R BL$$ M
DPD@OC AA9Y R? $4 ?* R4$ VK69$L 6= R4$ K$RUK= 96LR R4$
#R4 V9U$ K$RUK=$# Y R4$ *U=R6?= K$A9$L R4R ?* R4$ ?7$R K$*$KK$# R? Y R4$ #R4 ?AR6?=9
VK69$ K$*$K$=$D * R4$ ?AR6?=9 VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L X@7+ R4$= R4$ V9U$ 6L #6LK#$#D

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# 6= R4$ LULK6AR ?* = ?AR6?=9 VK69$ ;Y =?R AA$K 6=
=Y ?R4$K ?AR6?=9 VK69$ ?K 6= R4$ *U=R6?= 99! 6=9U#6=2 R4$ K2U;$=RL R? R4$ *U=R6?=D

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# 6= R4$ *U=R6?= 99! 6=9U#6=2 K2U;$=RL R? *U=R6?= ;Y =?R
AA$K 6= =Y ?AR6?=9 VK69$D 4$L$ KU9$L AA9Y K$UKL6V$9Y R? VK69$L W464 K$ 4=2$#
?K AA$K 6= *U=R6?=L 99$# 6= R4$ ?AR6?=9 VK69$L ?K R4$ *U=R6?= 99D

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# Y R4$ LL62=;$=R ;Y =?R AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K ?AR6?=9
VK69$ ?K K$UKL6V$9Y AA$K 6= *U=R6?=L 99$# 6= =Y ?R4$K ?AR6?=9 VK69$D
* =Y ?* R4$ ?7$RL LL62=$# R? K$ R4$ L;$ L ?=$ =?R4$K R4$= R4$ LL62=;$=R 6L
6=V96#D

8 8A 15C@ 1 C@5C@ @@01@<

= 6=AUR LRR$;$=R K$$6V$L  V9U$ *K?;  4==$9 $=#! A?KR ?K R6;$K! =# LL62=L R4$
K$$6V$# V9U$ R? = ?7$RD
#(,54 )). 12*51 4#' !( ,1#4 !( #(,54"*,14*1
24 #(,54"4#'24', !(
12*51 )). 61#&"11(
4#' )). 8,122#*(
#(,54"*,14*1 )). )4
# )4 44
24 )). &1"61"11(
#(,54"4#'24', )). &1"61"11(

8 @@01@< 2A

&1"61"11( )).
&14#*("2,#1/ #(4#1 !(

# 61#&"11(
,1#4 )). Y5,= 5(4#*("&&
4$ K$L?UK$ ;ULR =;$ $6R4$K  4==$9 $=#! A?KR ?K R6;$KD * R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  4==$9
$=# ?K R6;$K R4$= =$6R4$K  4#' =?K = #(,54"4#'24', 6L 99?W$#D * R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L 
4==$9 $=# R4$=  ,1#4 6L =?R 99?W$#D * R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  A?KR R4$= R4$ A?KR ;ULR
=?R $ FU96.$# @VS =# R4$ #$LR6=R6?= VK69$ ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D
*  4#' 6L AK?V6#$# R4$= R4$ R6;$ $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 4$ 6=AUR 6L
L6# R? $ 4#'D
* = #(,54"4#'24', 6L AK?V6#$# R4$= R4$ &1"61"11( ;ULR =;$  ;?#6.9$
9V9U$ W6R4 K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 4$ 6=AUR 6L L6# R? $ 4#'24',D
*  ,1#4 6L AK?V6#$# R4$= R4$ =;$# *U=R6?= ;ULR 4V$ $$= #$9K$# R? K$RUK=
X@7+ =# *K?; 6RL AK;$R$K 96LR R4$K$ ;ULR $ AK$6L$9Y ?=$ A?KR ?K R6;$K #$9KR6?=! W464
;ULR $ FU96.$# X@7+D 4$ 6=AUR 6L L6# R? $ ,1#4D 4$ LUAA?KR$# AK$#6R$L K$
6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D 4$ *U=R6?= 99 6L L4?KRURR$# R4$ K$L?UK$ VK69$ ;ULR =?R $
ALL$# L = K2U;$=RN 6R 6L ALL$# 6;A966R9Y L R4$ A?KR ?K R6;$K K2U;$=RD

&1"61"11( ;ULR $  ;?#6.9$ 9V9U$ 6* = 6#$=R6.$K 6L =;$#D R ;ULR =?R
#$.=$  =$W RYA$D * R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  A?KR ?K R6;$K R4$= R4$ 9V9U$ ;ULR =?R K$*$K$=$
 LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=N 6* =? 6#$=R6.$K 6L 26V$= R4$= R4$ RYA$ ;ULR =?R LA$6*Y  LRKURUK$ ?K
U=6?=! UR 6R ;Y LA$6*Y X@7+D * =? #$9KR6?= LA$6.$KL K$ AK?V6#$# R4$= R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$
VK69$ ;ULR =?R $ FU96.$# W6R4 (@=NSN 6* 6R 6L  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=! 6R ;ULR =?R 4V$ =Y
;$;$K ?K! K$UKL6V$9Y! LU;$;$K FU96.$# W6R4 (@=NSD * =Y #$9KR6?= LA$6.$KL K$
AK?V6#$# R4$= R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ 6L 9L?  #$9KR6?=N R4$ LA$6.$KL ;ULR =?R ?=R6=
S[B,+,0 UR ;Y ?=R6= (@=NSD

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# Y =Y AKR ?* R4$ 6=AUR ;Y =?R! $X$AR L #$LK6$# $9?W!
AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K AKR ?* R4$ 6=AURD * R4$ &1"61"11( 6L  61#&"11(
R4$= R4$ 6#$=R6.$K =;$# ;Y AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K AKRL ?* R4$ 6=AUR! L 9?=2 L R4$ VK69$L
=;$# Y R4$ 6#$=R6.$KL 6= R4$L$ AKRL K$ =?R 4=2$#D
##6R6?=99Y! R4$ VK69$ W464
6L WK6RR$= Y R4$ #(,54"4#'24', ;Y =?R AA$K 6= R4$ 24! =# R4$ VK69$ W464 6L
WK6RR$= Y R4$ 24 ;Y =?R AA$K 6= R4$ #(,54"4#'24',D 4$L$ KU9$L AA9Y K$UKL6V$9Y R? 99
VK69$L W464 K$ 4=2$# 6= *U=R6?=L 99$# Y R4$ 6=AURD
4$ .KLR VK69$ #$9K$# 6= = 6=AUR $26=L = 6==$K L?A$ W464 6L U=#$KLR??# R? $26=
6;;$#6R$9Y AK$$#6=2 R4$ #$9KR6?= =# W464 A$KL6LRL R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$ 6=AURD * R4$
6=AUR AA$KL 6= R4$ L$ ?*  L$9$R R4$= R46L L?A$ ?=R6=U$L R? A$KL6LR R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$
LRR$;$=R 96LR *R$K R4$ ?9?=D
* R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  4==$9 $=# ?K R6;$K! ?K R4$ #$LR6=R6?= 6#$=R6.$K 6L ?;6RR$#!
R4$= R4$ )4 44 ?A$KR?K 6L =?R 99?W$#D

= ?URAUR LRR$;$=R RK=L;6RL R4$ V9U$ ?* = $XAK$LL6?= R?  4==$9 $=# ?K A?KRD
*54,54 )). 12*51 4#' !( *54,54"*,14*1
8,122#*( *54,54"4#'24', !(
12*51 )). 61#&"11(
4#' )). 8,122#*(
*54,54"*,14*1 )). ;)
# ;) 44

*54,54"4#'24', )). 61#&"11(

2&  1'C' 5+$@+31

4$ K$L?UK$ ;ULR =;$  4==$9 $=# ?K A?KRD * R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  4==$9 $=# R4$=
=$6R4$K  4#' =?K  *54,54"4#'24', 6L 99?W$#D * R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  A?KR R4$= R4$ A?KR
;ULR =?R $ FU96.$# 7= =# R4$ ?URAUR $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$N ?R4$KW6L$ R4$
?URAUR $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR $6R4$K 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$! ?K ;ULR $  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?=D
* R4$ K$L?UK$ =;$L  4==$9 $=# R4$= R4$ ;) 44 ?A$KR?K 6L =?R 99?W$#D * R4$ ;) 44 6L
LA$6.$# R4$= R4$ ?URAUR $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR $  ;?#6.9$ 9V9U$D
*  4#' 6L AK?V6#$# R4$= = *54,54"4#'24', 6L =?R 99?W$#D 4$ R6;$ $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR
4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 4$ ?URAUR 6L L6# R? $ 4#'D
* = *54,54"4#'24', 6L AK?V6#$# R4$= R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ ;ULR $  ;?#6.9$ 9V9U$
W6R4 K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 4$ ?URAUR 6L L6# R? $ 4#'24',D

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# Y =Y AKR ?* R4$ ?URAUR ;Y =?R! $X$AR L #$LK6$# $9?W!
AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K AKR ?* R4$ ?URAURD 4$ 6#$=R6.$K =;$# Y R4$ *54,54"4#'24', ;Y
AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K AKRL ?* R4$ ?URAUR L 9?=2 L R4$ VK69$L =;$# Y R4$ 6#$=R6.$KL 6=
R4$L$ AKRL K$ =?R 4=2$#D 4$L$ KU9$L AA9Y K$UKL6V$9Y R? 99 VK69$L W464 K$ 4=2$#
6= *U=R6?=L 99$# Y R4$ ?URAURD
=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL K$ =$WN Q ?A$KR6?=L K$ ?=V$=R699Y A$K*?K;$# UL6=2
6=R$KKUARL =# LYLR$; 99L BV6 96KKY K?UR6=$L 6= CD

8 8A84 )11. 15C@ 1 C@5C@

= 6=AUR ?=  4==$9 $=# UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69  ;R46=2 ?URAURR$K 6L K$#Y
6=  AK99$9 LRR$;$=R BL$$ M
D%D%C $*?K$ K$$6V6=2  V9U$D * R4$ RYA$ ?* = 6=AUR VK69$ 6L
LA$6.$# UR R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6L ;6LL6=2 R4$= R4$ K$$6V$# V9U$ 6L 62=?K$#D $$ M
D@@ *?K R4$
;$=6=2 ?* = 6=AUR 6=  4==$9 ?;;U=6R6?=D

= ?URAUR ?=  4==$9 UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69  ;R46=2 6=AURR$K 6L K$#Y 6=
 AK99$9 LRR$;$=R $*?K$ L$=#6=2 R4$ V9U$D $$ M
D@@ *?K R4$ ;$=6=2 ?* = ?URAUR 6= 
4==$9 ?;;U=6R6?=D

8 8A8B 3;@ 15C@ 1 C@5C@

= 6=AUR *K?;  A?KR UL$L R4$ LA$6.$# A?KR R? AK?V6#$ R4$ AK?$LL?K  V9U$D * R4$ A?KR
RK=L*$K W6#R4 6L 7 6RL! R4$L$ 7 6RL K$ LL62=$# R? R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R 6RL ?*  VK69$
W6R4 R4$ A?KRJL =?R6?=9 RK=L*$K RYA$ BL$$ M
DSDTC W6R4 =Y K$;6=6=2 6RL $6=2 L$R R? Z$K?D
* R4$ RYA$ ?* = 6=AUR VK69$ 6L LA$6.$# UR = 6#$=R6.$K 6L ;6LL6=2! ?K 6*  X@7+ RYA$ 6L
LA$6.$#! R4$= R46L 6=AUR VK69$ 6L 62=?K$#D * R4$ 6=AUR 6L UL$# W6R4 R4$ )4 44 ?A$KR?K! R4$
#$LR6=R6?= VK69$ 6L K624R5L46*R$# Y 7 6RL =# R4$ 6RW6L$ 6=9UL6V$5?K ?* R46L V9U$ =#
R4$ 6=AUR VK69$ 6L R4$= LL62=$# R? R4$ #$LR6=R6?= VK69$N ?R4$KW6L$ R4$ 6=AUR VK69$ 6L
LL62=$# R? R4$ #$LR6=R6?= VK69$D
*  Y5,= ?=#6R6?= 6L AK?V6#$#! R4$ *U=R6?= =# 6RL K2U;$=RL K$ AK?V6#$# R? R4$ A?KR
$*?K$ A$K*?K;6=2 R4$ 6=AURD

= ?URAUR R?  A?KR UL$L R4$ ?URAUR $XAK$LL6?= R? $ .KLR LR R? R4$ A?KRJL =?R6?=9
RK=L*$K RYA$ =# R4$= AK?V6#$# R? R4$ A?KRD * R4$ ?URAUR 6L UL$# W6R4 R4$ ;) 44 ?A$KR?K! R4$
?URAUR VK69$ 6L R4$= K624R L46*R$# Y 7 6RLD
* R4$ 6=AUR ?K ?URAUR 6L R6;$#! R4$ V9U$ LA$6.$# Y 4#' 6L LR R? R4$ A?KRJL =?R6?=9
?U=R$K RYA$ AK6?K =# AK?V6#$# R? R4$ A?KR $*?K$ A$K*?K;6=2 R4$ 6=AUR ?K ?URAURD
* R4$ 6=AUR ?K ?URAUR 6L R6;$LR;A$#! 4 6RL K$ LL62=$# R? R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R 6RL ?* 
VK69$ W6R4 R4$ A?KRJL =?R6?=9 ?U=R$K RYA$ BL$$ M
DSDTC W6R4 =Y K$;6=6=2 6RL $6=2 L$R
R? Z$K?N R46L VK69$ 6L R4$= LL62=$# R? R4$ R6;$LR;A VK69$D

8 @@01@< 2%

$$
AA$=#6X  *?K R4$ ;$=6=2 ?* 6=AURL =# ?URAURL ?= A?KRL W6R4 K$LA$R R4$ ?;5
;U=6R6?= A$K*?K;$# $RW$$= R4$ A?KR =# AK?$LL?K! =# R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 ?A$KR6?=
A$K*?K;$# Y R4$ A?KR ?= 6RL A6=LD

8 8A8A +0; 15C@

= 6=AUR *K?;  R6;$K UL$L R4$ R6;$K R? AK?V6#$ R4$ UKK$=R V9U$ ?* 6RL ?U=R$KD 46L
V9U$ 6L LL62=$# R? R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R 6RL ?*  VK69$ W6R4 R4$ R6;$KJL =?R6?=9 ?U=R$K
RYA$ BL$$ M
DSDTC W6R4 =Y K$;6=6=2 6RL $6=2 L$R R? Z$K?D * R4$ RYA$ ?* = 6=AUR VK69$ 6L
LA$6.$# UR = 6#$=R6.$K 6L ;6LL6=2! ?K 6*  X@7+ RYA$ 6L LA$6.$#! R4$= R46L 6=AUR VK69$ 6L
62=?K$#N ?R4$KW6L$ R4$ 6=AUR VK69$ 6L LL62=$# R? R4$ #$LR6=R6?= VK69$D

8 8& 3053C1 @@01@

? R4R L$V$K9 LRR$;$=RL = $ UL$# W4$K$ ?=$ 6L $XA$R$#! R4$ ?;A?U=# LRR$;$=R B?K
G9?8HC 6L AK?V6#$#D 4$ ?#Y ?*  *U=R6?= #$.=6R6?= 6L  ?;A?U=# LRR$;$=RD
*',*5("244'(4 )). $
61"&14#*(
244'(4 %
* = 6#$=R6.$K 6= R4$ 61"&14#*("&#24 WL 6= L?A$ ?URL6#$ R4$ 9?8! R4$ ?UR$K #$9KR6?=
6L LULA$=#$# W6R46= R4$ 9?8 BL$$ M
D@[D@CD
= 6#$=R6.$K ;Y $ #$9K$# ?=9Y ?=$ 6= R4$
L;$ 9?8D 4$L$ KU9$L AA9Y R? 6#$=R6.$KL 6= R4$ L;$ =;$ LA$ BM
D@[CN 6#$=R6.$KL 6=
#6+$K$=R =;$ LA$L K$ RK$R$# L #6LR6=RD
=6R696LR6?= ?* UR?;R6 ?7$RL 6L A$K*?K;$# $4 R6;$ R4$ 9?8 6L $=R$K$# R R4$ R?A!
=# AK?$$#L 6= R4$ ?K#$K ?* R4$ #$9KR?KLD =6R696LR6?= ?* NSS7( ?7$RL 6L A$K*?K;$#
?=9Y ?=$! $*?K$ R4$ AK?2K; $26=L $X$UR6?=D

8 8% .@+31 @@01@<
$9$R6?= LRR$;$=RL 4??L$ ?=$ ?* L$V$K9 0?WL ?* ?=RK?9D
2&4#*("244'(4 )). 70 C 8,122#*( D 244'(4
# 70 C 8,122#*( D 244'(4 ,:N, 244'(4
# NY7S(5 C 8,122#*( D $
&&&"244'(4/ %
# N,:,(S $
51"244'(4/ %

&&&"244'(4 )). (N, *(24(4"8,122#*( )
244'(4

# +,0V:S )
244'(4

51"244'(4 )). (N, 1,&#4*1 !( (&"8, !( #(,54 )
244'(4

# (N, 1,&#4*1 !( (&"8, !( 5(4#*("&& )

244'(4
# (N, 1,&#4*1 !( (&"8, !( 2&6"244'(4 )

244'(4
# +,0V:S )
244'(4
# (N, 5(4#*("&& O

1,&#4*1 )). C 7=S 61#& . 8,122#*( O 8,122#*( O 8,122#*( D

(&"8, )). 8,122#*( .4

2>  1'C' 5+$@+31

= ?R4 *?K;L ?* R4$ 70 LRR$;$=R! R4$ $XAK$LL6?=! W464 ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$! 6L
$V9UR$#! 6=9U#6=2 99 L6#$ $+$RL! =# 6* 6R ?;AK$L U=$FU9 R? [! R4$ .KLR LULRR$;$=R 6L
$X$UR$#D = R4$ L$?=# *?K;! R4$ L$?=# LULRR$;$=R 6L $X$UR$# 6* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L [D
4$ ,:N, ;62U6RY 6L K$L?9V$# Y ?==$R6=2 = ,:N, W6R4 R4$ 9LR $=?U=R$K$# ,:N,59$LL 70
R R4$ L;$ 9?8 =$LR6=2 9$V$9D
4$ NY7S(5 LRR$;$=R UL$L ?=RK?9 R? $ RK=L*$KK$# R? ?=$ ?* L$V$K9 L$ LRR$;$=RL
#$A$=#6=2 ?= R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?=! W464 ;ULR 4V$ 6=R$2K9 RYA$D 4$ ?=RK?996=2
$XAK$LL6?= U=#$K2?$L 6=R$2K9 AK?;?R6?= BM
D/D@C! =# R4$ L$ ?=LR=RL K$ ?=V$KR$# R?
R4$ AK?;?R$# RYA$D ? RW? ?* R4$ L$ ?=LR=RL 6= R4$ L;$ LW6R4 ;Y 4V$ R4$ L;$ V9U$
*R$K ?=V$KL6?=D 4$K$ ;Y 9L? $ R ;?LR ?=$ +,0V:S 9$9 LL?6R$# W6R4  LW6R4D
4$= R4$ NY7S(5 LRR$;$=R 6L $X$UR$#! 6RL $XAK$LL6?= 6L $V9UR$#! 6=9U#6=2 99 L6#$
$+$RL! =# ?;AK$# W6R4 $4 L$ ?=LR=RD * ?=$ ?* R4$L$ L$ ?=LR=RL 6L $FU9 R?
R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?=! ?=RK?9 ALL$L R? R4$ LRR$;$=R ?* R4$ ;R4$# (N, 9$9D * =?
L$ ?=LR=R ;R4$L R4$ $XAK$LL6?=! =# 6* R4$K$ 6L  +,0V:S 9$9! ?=RK?9 ALL$L R? R4$
#$*U9R59$99$# LRR$;$=RD * =? L$ ;R4$L! =# 6* R4$K$ 6L =? +,0V:S! R4$= =?=$ ?* R4$
LULRR$;$=RL ?* R4$ LW6R4 6L $X$UR$#D
4$ N,:,(S LRR$;$=R UL$L ?=RK?9 R? $ RK=L*$KK$# R? ?=$ ?* L$V$K9 2UK#$# L$
LRR$;$=RLD
2UK#$# LRR$;$=R ;Y ?=L6LR ?* = ?AR6?=9 K$A96R?K =# = ?AR6?=9
$XAK$LL6?= *?99?W$# Y = 6=AUR BM
D%DSC!  L9V$ RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R BM
D%D>C ?K  *U=R6?=
99! *?99?W$# Y  ?9?= =#  96LR ?* Z$K? ?K ;?K$ LRR$;$=RLD
=  K$A96R?K! R4$ R46K# $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR $6R4$K ## ?K LURKR  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= R?
R4$ VK69$ #$9K$# Y R4$ K$A96R?KD
K$A96R?K 6L L4?KR54=# *?K ;U9R6A9$ L$L! =# 4L
R4$ L;$ ;$=6=2 L 6* R4$ ?#$ WL $XA=#$# L W6R4  0@M 9??AD = ##6R6?=! 6* R4$ 6=6R696L$K
6L  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= =# R4$ L$?=# $XAK$LL6?= 6L  K$9R6?=9 $XAK$LL6?= R4R ?;AK$L
R4$ VK69$ #$9K$# Y R4$ K$A96R?K R?  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?=! R4$ VK69$ #$9K$# Y R4$
K$A96R?K 6L RK$R$# L  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?= 6= R4$ K$A96R?K ?#YD 4$ #$9K$# VK69$
;Y =?R $ ;?#6.$# ?URL6#$ ?* R4$ K$A96R?KD
* R4$ LRR$;$=R $*?K$ R4$ ?9?= 6L  99 R?  RK=LR6?= *U=R6?= BM
D>D@D@C R4$= R46L 6L
?=L6#$K$# L4?KR4=# *?K  L9V$ RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R R4R A$K*?K;L R4$ 99D 4$ $=9$
$XAK$LL6?= ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$! =# 6R ;ULR =?R ;?#6*Y  9?9 VK69$! LRR6 VK69$
?K K$*$K$=$ AK;$R$KN =Y *U=R6?=L 99$# W6R46= R4$ $XAK$LL6?=! K$UKL6V$9Y! ;ULR =?R
;?#6*Y  LRR6 VK69$! K$*$K$=$ AK;$R$K! ?K A$K*?K; = 6=AUR ?K ?URAURD 4$ ;?#6.R6?=
KU9$L R4R AA9Y R? R4$ $=9$ $XAK$LL6?= 9L? AA9Y R? R4$ K2U;$=RL ?*  99 R?  L$9$R
*U=R6?=N R4$ KU9$L 9L? AA9Y R? = 6=AUR LRR$;$=R R4R AA$KL $*?K$ R4$ ?9?=! $X$AR
R4R R4$ 6=AUR 9V9U$ 6L BY #$.=6R6?=C ;?#6.$#D
= 6=AUR 2UK# R4R UL$L =Y ?L$KV9$
$4V6?UK ?=  A?KR AK6?K R? $6=2 L$9$R$# 6L 6=V96#D 4$K$ ;Y $ R ;?LR ?=$ +,0V:S
9$9 LL?6R$# W6R4  L$9$RD

2UK#$# LRR$;$=R ;Y 9L? ?=L6LR ?*  99 R?  L$9$R *U=R6?= BL$$ M
D>D@DTC *?99?W$#
Y  L$;6?9?=D 4$ KU9$L R4R AA9Y R? R4$ $=9$ $XAK$LL6?= 9L? AA9Y R? R4$ K2U;$=RL ?*
 99 R?  L$9$R *U=R6?=D 4$ A?KRL! R6;$KL =# 4==$9 $=#L =;$# $*?K$ $4 ?9?=! =#
L K2U;$=RL R?  L$9$R *U=R6?=! ;ULR $ #6LR6=RD
4$= R4$ N,:,(S LRR$;$=R 6L $X$UR$#! $4 2UK# R4R ?=R6=L =? $=9$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L
$=9$#D ?K $4 2UK# ?=R6=6=2 = $=9$ $XAK$LL6?=! R4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L $V9UR$# =#! 6*
6R ?;AK$L U=$FU9 R? [! R4$ L$ 6L $=9$#D 4$ $4V6?UK ?*  99 R?  L$9$R *U=R6?= 6L
R4$ L;$ L 6* R4$ L$L ?* R4$ L$9$R *U=R6?= W$K$ 6=9U#$# 6=96=$ 6= R4$ L$9$RD
?99?W6=2 R4$ $=96=2 L$FU$=$! 6* =? L$L K$ $=9$# R4$= $6R4$K R4$ +,0V:S L$ 6L
$X$UR$#! 6* AK?V6#$#! ?K =?=$ ?* R4$ LULRR$;$=RL ?* R4$ L$9$R 6L $X$UR$# =# R4$ L$9$R

8 @@01@< 2=

=$V$K ?;A9$R$L B6R #$#9?8LCD R4$KW6L$! R4$ L$9$R W6RL U=R69 = 6=AUR ?K RK=LR6?= 6=
?=$ ?* R4$ $=9$# L$L 6L K$#Y =# A$K*?K;L R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 6=AUR ?K RK=LR6?=D *
;?K$ R4= ?=$ ?* R4$L$ 6=AURL ?K RK=LR6?=L 6L K$#Y R4$= R4$ 4?6$ ?* W464 6L $X$UR$#
6L ;#$ =?=#$R$K;6=6LR699YD

*R$K A$K*?K;6=2 = 6=AUR ?K RK=LR6?=! R4$ LRR$;$=RL *?99?W6=2 R4$ ?9?= ?* R4$
L$9$R$# L$ K$ $X$UR$#D
4$ LRR$;$=RL *R$K R4$ ?9?= 6= $4 N,:,(S L$ LRR$;$=R ;ULR R$K;6=R$ W6R4 
!M,9 ?K M,SVM=! L? R4R ?=RK?9 =$V$K 0?WL *K?; ?=$ L$ LRR$;$=R R? R4$ =$XRD

8 8> @;@+31 @@01@<

R$KR6?= LRR$;$=RL LA$6*Y 9??A6=2D
#414#*("244'(4 )). Y57:, C 8,122#*( D 244'(4
# +@ 244'(4 Y57:, C 8,122#*( D O
# 0@M C *1"#(#4 !( O 8,122#*( !( O 2#',&"&#24 !( D
244'(4

*1"#(#4 )). 61"&14#*(

# 2#',&"&#24

2#',&"&#24 )). 2#',&"244'(4

# 2#',&"244'(4 * 2#',&"&#24
= R4$ Y57:, =# +@ LRR$;$=RL! R4$ LULRR$;$=R 6L $X$UR$# K$A$R$#9Y L? 9?=2 L R4$ V9U$
?* R4$ $XAK$LL6?= K$;6=L U=$FU9 R? [N R4$ $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$D 6R4
Y57:,! R4$ R$LR! 6=9U#6=2 99 L6#$ $+$RL *K?; R4$ $XAK$LL6?=! ?UKL $*?K$ $4 $X$UR6?=
?* R4$ LRR$;$=RN W6R4 +@! R4$ R$LR *?99?WL $4 6R$KR6?=D

0@M LRR$;$=R ;Y #$9K$  VK69$ BL$$
DSC! W4?L$ L?A$ $26=L 6;;$#6R$9Y *R$K
R4$ #$9KR6?= =# A$KL6LRL R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$ LRR$;$=RN 6* AK$L$=R! R4$ VK69$ 6=6R696L$K 6L
$V9UR$# ?=$D
9R$K=R6V$9Y! 6*  96LR ?* L6;A9$ LRR$;$=RL 6L AK?V6#$#! R4$ LRR$;$=RL K$
$X$UR$# ?=$D 4$ $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR 4V$ K6R4;$R6 RYA$N 6R 6L $V9UR$# $*?K$ $4 6R$KR6?=!
=# 6* 6R 6L $FU9 R? [! R4$ 0@M 6L R$K;6=R$#D 4$ ?AR6?=9 96LR ?* L6;A9$ LRR$;$=RL *?99?W6=2
R4$ L$?=# L$;6?9?= 6L $V9UR$# *R$K $4 6R$KR6?=D
=Y ?* R4$L$ R4K$$ ?;A?=$=RL ;Y
$ #K?AA$#N  ;6LL6=2 R$LR $XAK$LL6?= ;8$L R4$ 6;A96$# R$LR $FU6V9$=R R? R$LR6=2  =?=5Z$K?
?=LR=RD

8 8= C05 @@01@<
U;A LRR$;$=RL RK=L*$K ?=RK?9 U=?=#6R6?=99YD
$5',"244'(4 )). (@=S7=V, O
# !M,9 O
# M,SVM= 8,122#*( !( O
# M,SVM= $ 8,122#*("&#24 % O

(@=S7=V, LRR$;$=R ;Y AA$K ?=9Y W6R46= = 6R$KR6?= LRR$;$=R! =# ;Y =?R AA$K 6=
 AK99$9! ;LR$K ?K L9V$ LRR$;$=R! U=9$LL R4R LRR$;$=R ?=R6=L = 6R$KR6?= LRR$;$=R 6=
W464 6R 6L $=9?L$#D R UL$L ?=RK?9 R? ALL R? R4$ 9??A5?=R6=UR6?= A?KR6?= ?* R4$ L;99$LR
$=9?L6=2 LU4 LRR$;$=RD
2  1'C' 5+$@+31

!M,9 LRR$;$=R ;Y AA$K ?=9Y 6= = 6R$KR6?= LRR$;$=R!  NY7S(5 LRR$;$=R ?K

 N,:,(S LRR$;$=R! =# ;Y =?R AA$K 6=  AK99$9! ;LR$K ?K L9V$ LRR$;$=R! U=9$LL
R4R LRR$;$=R ?=R6=L = 6R$KR6?=! NY7S(5 ?K N,:,(S LRR$;$=R 6= W464 6R 6L $=9?L$#D
R R$K;6=R$L $X$UR6?= ?* R4$ L;99$LR $=9?L6=2 LU4 LRR$;$=RN ?=RK?9 ALL$L R? R4$
LRR$;$=R *?99?W6=2 R4$ R$K;6=R$# LRR$;$=RD

*U=R6?= K$RUK=L R? 6RL 99$K Y R4$ M,SVM= LRR$;$=RD
M,SVM= LRR$;$=R ;Y =?R
AA$K 6=  AK99$9! ;LR$K ?K L9V$ LRR$;$=RD 4$= M,SVM= 6L *?99?W$# Y = $XAK$LL6?=!
R4$ V9U$ 6L K$RUK=$# R? R4$ 99$K ?* R4$ *U=R6?=D 4$ $XAK$LL6?= 6L ?=V$KR$#! L 6* Y
LL62=;$=R! R? R4$ RYA$ K$RUK=$# Y R4$ *U=R6?= 6= W464 6R AA$KLD
4$= M,SVM= 6L *?99?W$# Y = 96LR ?* $XAK$LL6?=L 6= K$L! R4$ 96LR ?* V9U$L 6L K$RUK=$#
R? R4$ 99$K ?* R4$ *U=R6?=D ?K  K$RUK= W6R4 ( $XAK$LL6?=L! R4$ K$RUK= RYA$ ?* R4$ *U=R6?=
;ULR $ G96LR ?* RYA$L @ !D D D ! DH ?K 99 $XAK$LL6?=L B#(@DD(C! R4$ #R4 $XAK$LL6?= 6L ?=V$KR$#!
L 6* Y LL62=;$=R! R? R4$ #R4 RYA$ K$RUK=$# Y R4$ *U=R6?= 6= W464 6R AA$KLD
9?W6=2 ?+ R4$ $=# ?*  *U=R6?= 6L $FU6V9$=R R?  K$RUK= W6R4 =? $XAK$LL6?=D = $6R4$K
L$! R4$ K$RUK=$# V9U$ 6L U=#$.=$#D
/;L; 6L U=LUAA?KR$#D

8 8 31C;;1G @@01@
? R4R L$V$K9 LRR$;$=RL = $ $X$UR$# ?=UKK$=R9Y! R4$ AK99$9 LRR$;$=R 6L AK?V6#$#D
,1&&&"244'(4 )). BM 1,&#4*1 !( $
4!1 %

1,&#4*1 )). C 7=S 61#& . 8,122#*( O 8,122#*( O 8,122#*( D

4!1 )). *("244'(4 !( 244'(4

*("244'(4 )). @= 61#&"11( )

$A96R?KL K$ #6LULL$# 6= M
D%D/D = ##6R6?=! R4$ 6=6R696L$K ;ULR LL62=  ?=LR=R
$XAK$LL6?=! =# R4$ L$?=# $XAK$LL6?= ;ULR $  K$9R6?=9 $XAK$LL6?= R4R ?;AK$L R4$
VK69$ #$9K$# Y R4$ K$A96R?K R?  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?=D 4$ K$9R6?= ?A$KR?K ;Y =?R
$ $FU96RY ?K 6=$FU96RY =# R4$ ?=#6R6?= ;ULR $ LR6L.9$ *?K L?;$ V9U$ ?* R4$ #$9K$#
VK69$ B*?K $X;A9$! Z 4
W  6L #6L99?W$#CD

= ?=5LRR$;$=R 6L ?=9Y A$K;6RR$# 6* 6R AA$KL 6=  AK99$95LRR$;$=R R4R 6L $6R4$K R4$
?=9Y LRR$;$=R 6= R4$ $=9?L6=2 *U=R6?=! ?K 6* 6R 6L ?=$ ?* RW? LRR$;$=RL ?*  *U=R6?=
?;A?U=#5LRR$;$=R! R4$ L$?=# $6=2  K$RUK= LRR$;$=R R4R K$RUK=L  ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?=
R4R $V9UR$L R? [D
@= #?$L =?R 4=2$ R4$ $4V6?UK ?* R4$ LRR$;$=R 6R AK$.X$LD
9U$L ;Y $ ALL$# $RW$$= ?=UKK$=R LRR$;$=RL Y ?;;U=6R6?= ?= 4==$9L
BM
DSDTC UL6=2 6=AUR =# ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL BM
D%DSCD
K69$L =# 4==$9L UL$# 6= AK99$9 LRR$;$=RL K$ LU7$R R? UL2$ KU9$L W464
AK$V$=R R4$; *K?; $6=2 6#$=R99Y L4K$# $RW$$= LRR$;$=RL 6= A?R$=R699Y #=2$K?UL
WYL! L #$LK6$# $9?WD

VK69$ W464 6L 4=2$# Y LL62=;$=R ?K 6=AUR 6= ?=$ ?* R4$ LRR$;$=RL ?*  BM ;Y
=?R AA$K 6= =Y ?R4$K LRR$;$=R ?* R4$ BMD 46L KU9$ AA96$L K$UKL6V$9Y R? 99 VK69$L
W464 K$ 4=2$# Y LL62=;$=R ?K 6=AUR 6=  *U=R6?= R4R 6L 99$# Y  LRR$;$=R ?*  BMD
BY 6;A96R6?=!  VK69$ ;Y AA$K 6= $XAK$LL6?=L 6= =Y =U;$K ?* LRR$;$=RL ?*  BM
L? 9?=2 L 6R 6L =?R LL62=$# ?K 6=AUR 6= =Y ?* R4$L$ LRR$;$=RLDC

82 F@;1. .;@+31< 22

4==$9 ;Y =?R $ UL$# 6= ;?K$ R4= RW? LRR$;$=RL ?*  BMD 4==$9 $=#L! A?KRL
=# R6;$KL ;Y =?R $ UL$# 6= ;?K$ R4= ?=$ LRR$;$=R ?*  BMD
*  LRR$;$=R ?=R6=L ?*  =U;$K ?* LU5LRR$;$=RL! LU4 L  ?;A?U=#5LRR$;$=R
BM
D%D1C! R4$= 99 ?* R4$ LU5LRR$;$=RL K$ ?=L6#$K$# R?2$R4$K L  L6=29$ LRR$;$=R *?K R4$
AUKA?L$ ?* R46L KU9$D

8 82 ;1<@+31 @@01@
? R4R L$V$K9 ?;;U=6R6?=L ?V$K  4==$9 = $ 9?2699Y 2K?UA$# R?2$R4$K! R4$
RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R 6L AK?V6#$#D
41(24#*("244'(4 )). 2&6"244'(4
# '241"244'(4

2&6"244'(4 )). N:X, 244'(4

'241"244'(4 )). <NS,M 244'(4

99 6=AURL =# ?URAURL W6R46= <NS,M ?K N:X, K$ 9?2699Y AKR ?* R4$ L;$ RK=LR6?=N
R4$ $XR$=R R? W464 R4$ U=#$K9Y6=2 ?;;U=6R6?= AK?R??9L K$ ?AR6;6L$# *?K RK=LR6?=
?;;U=6R6?=L 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
4$ LRR$;$=RL ;ULR K$*$K$=$ AK$6L$9Y ?=$ 4==$9 $=#! W464 6L L6# R? $ R4$ 41(2"
4*1D * R4$ VK69$ K$*$K$=$ #$L62=R6=2 R4$ RK=LR?K ?=R6=L =Y KKY 6=#6$L R4$= R4$
6=#6$L ;ULR $ ?=LR=R $XAK$LL6?=LD 4$ RK=LR?K ;ULR =?R =;$  LRK$;6=2 4==$9D
6R46=  RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R! 6=AURL =# ?URAURL ?= =Y 4==$9 $=# ?R4$K R4= R4$
RK=LR?K 6L AK?466R$#N UL6=2  4==$9 $=# ?R4$K R4= R4$ RK=LR?K L = K2U;$=R R?
 *U=R6?= 6L AK?466R$#N UL6=2 R4$ RK=LR?K L = K2U;$=R R?  *U=R6?= R4R 6L =?R 
RK=LR6?= *U=R6?= 6L AK?466R$#N 6=RK?#U6=2  =$LR$# RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R 6L AK?466R$#N
=# #$9K6=2  4==$9 B6= R4$ LRR$;$=R ?K! K$UKL6V$9Y! 6= =Y *U=R6?= 99$# W6R46= R4$
RK=LR6?=C 6L AK?466R$#D

82 F@;1. .;@+31<

4$ U=6R ?* 6=AUR AK?V6#$# R? R4$  ?;A69$K 6L 99$#  RK=L9R6?= U=6RN 6R ?=L6LRL ?* 
L$FU$=$ ?* $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?=L! W464 K$ $6R4$K #$9KR6?=L ?K *U=R6?= #$.=6R6?=LD
41(2&4#*("5(#4 )).
841(&"&14#*(/
841(&"&14#*( )). &14#*(
# 5(4#*("(#4#*(
4$ L?A$ ?* $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?=L A$KL6LRL R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$ RK=L9R6?= U=6R 6= W464 R4$Y
K$ #$9K$#D

8284 C1@+31 $1+@+31<

U=R6?= #$.=6R6?=L 4V$ R4$ *?K;
5(4#*("(#4#*( )). ("&14#*( *',*5("244'(4
# 41("&14#*( *',*5("244'(4
# 2&"&14#*( $
51"244'(4/ %
4II  1'C' 5+$@+31

4$ ?=9Y LR?K2$59LL LA$6.$KL 99?W$# ;?=2 R4$ #$9KR6?= LA$6.$KL K$ ,ZS,M=! NSS7(
?K 7=:7=,N L$$ M
D@[DT *?K R4$ $+$RD 4$ $996AL$L G* FFFH ?A$KR?K 6L =?R 99?W$# 6= *U=R6?=
#$.=6R6?=LD

*U=R6?= ;Y K$RUK= = K6R4;$R6 RYA$!  LRKURUK$!  U=6?= ?K X@7+! UR =?R  K$L?UK$
RYA$!  *U=R6?= ?K = KKYD
9R$K=R6V$9Y 6R ;Y K$RUK=  96LR ?* =Y ?;6=R6?= ?* K6R4;$R6
RYA$L! LRKURUK$L =# U=6?=LD
*U=R6?= ;Y =?R K$RUK=  LRKURUK$ ?=R6=6=2  ;$;$K ?K!
K$UKL6V$9Y! =Y LU;$;$K ?* K$L?UK$ RYA$D
=9$LL R4$ AK;$R$KL ?=L6LR L?9$9Y ?* X@7+! 6=#6R6=2 R4R R4$ *U=R6?= R8$L =? AK;5
$R$KL! $4 #$9KR?K 6= R4$ AK;$R$K 96LR ;ULR ?=R6= = 6#$=R6.$KD 4$ AK;$R$KL K$
U=#$KLR??# R? $ #$9K$# 7ULR *R$K R4$ $26==6=2 ?* R4$ ?;A?U=# LRR$;$=R ?=LR6RUR6=2
R4$ *U=R6?=JL ?#Y! =# R4UL R4$ L;$ 6#$=R6.$KL ;ULR =?R $ K$#$9K$# R4$K$ B9R4?U24
R4$Y ;Y $ K$#$9K$# 6= 6==$K 9?8LCD UK6=2 R4$ 99 R?  *U=R6?=! R4$ K2U;$=RL K$
?=V$KR$# L =$$LLKY =# LL62=$# R? R4$ AK;$R$KLN L$$ M
DPDSDTD

828484 ;1<@+31 C1@+31<

*U=R6?= #$9KR6?= ;?#6.$# Y R4$ 8$YW?K# SM=N(S7@= 6L  RK=LR6?= *U=R6?= BL$$

M
DODOD1CD 4$ *U=R6?= ?#Y ?=L6LRL ?*  96LR ?* LRR$;$=RL! W464 6L Y #$.=6R6?= 
RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R BL$$ M
D%D>CD 4$ *U=R6?= ;ULR #$9K$ AK$6L$9Y ?=$ 4==$9 $=# 6=
6RL AK;$R$K 96LR! W464 6L Y #$.=6R6?= R4$ RK=LR?KD

82848B .@ C1@+31<

*U=R6?= #$9KR6?= ;?#6.$# Y R4$ 8$YW?K# N,:,(S 6L  L$9$R *U=R6?= BL$$ M
DODOD1CD
4$ *U=R6?= ?#Y ?=L6LRL ?*  96LR ?* 2UK#$# LRR$;$=RL! W464 6L Y #$.=6R6?=  L$9$R
LRR$;$=R BL$$ M
D%D/CD 4$ 2UK#L ?*  L$9$R *U=R6?= ;Y =?R ?=R6= K$A96R?KL ?K
RK=LR?KLD

828B F@;1. .;@+31<

XR$K=9 #$9KR6?=L LA$6*Y R4$ 4KR$K6LR6L ?* ?7$RL! *U=R6?=L =# ?R4$K 6#$=R6.$KLD
4$ R$K; G$XR$K=9H K$*$KL R? R4$6K 9?R6?= ?URL6#$ *U=R6?=L! =# 6L =?R #6K$R9Y ?==$R$#
W6R4 R4$ ,ZS,M= 8$YW?K#N R4$ LR?K2$ 9LL *?K = $XR$K=99Y5#$9K$# ?7$R ;Y $ 9$*R
$;ARY! ?K 6R ;Y $ LA$6.$# L ,ZS,M= ?K NSS7(D
$V$K9 $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?=L *?K R4$ L;$ 6#$=R6.$K ;Y $X6LR W6R46= R4$ L;$ RK=L9R6?=
U=6R 6* R4$Y 2K$$ 6= RYA$ =# 96=82$! =# 6* R4$K$ 6L R ;?LR ?=$ #$.=6R6?= *?K R4$ 6#$=R6.$KD
W? #$9KR6?=L *?K = ?7$R ?K *U=R6?= K$ #$$;$# R? 2K$$ 6= RYA$ U=#$K R4$ KU9$L
#6LULL$# 6= M
DOD@@D = ##6R6?=! 6* R4$ #$9KR6?=L #6+$K $UL$ ?=$ RYA$ 6L = 6=?;A9$R$
LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= =# R4$ ?R4$K 6L R4$ ?KK$LA?=#6=2 ?;A9$R$# RYA$ W6R4 R4$ L;$ R2! R4$
RYA$L K$ R8$= R? 2K$$D * ?=$ RYA$ 6L = 6=?;A9$R$ KKY RYA$ BM
DODOD@C =# R4$ ?R4$K 6L 
?;A9$R$# KKY RYA$! R4$ RYA$L! 6* ?R4$KW6L$ 6#$=R69! K$ 9L? R8$= R? 2K$$D
* R4$ .KLR $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?= *?K  *U=R6?= ?K ?7$R 6=9U#$L R4$ NSS7( LA$6.$K! R4$
6#$=R6.$K 4L &"2*, -#(41(& &#(% .N ?R4$KW6L$ 6R 4L ,1* 1'"2*, -841(& &#(% .D
6=82$ 6L #6LULL$# 6= M
D@[DTD

= $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?= *?K = ?7$R 6L  #$.=6R6?= 6* 6R 4L = 6=6R696L$KD
= $XR$K=9
?7$R #$9KR6?= R4R #?$L =?R 4V$ = 6=6R696L$K! =# #?$L =?R ?=R6= R4$ ,ZS,M= LA$6.$K!
6L  4(44#6 (#4#*(D *  #$.=6R6?= *?K = ?7$R AA$KL 6=  RK=L9R6?= U=6R! =Y R$=RR6V$

84I 35 1 +1-' 4I4

#$.=6R6?=L K$ RK$R$# L K$#U=#=R #$9KR6?=LD * =? #$.=6R6?= *?K R4$ ?7$R AA$KL 6=
R4$ RK=L9R6?= U=6R! 99 6RL R$=RR6V$ #$.=6R6?=L $?;$  L6=29$ #$.=6R6?= W6R4 6=6R696L$K [D
4 ?7$R ;ULR 4V$ $XR9Y ?=$ #$.=6R6?=D ?K ?7$RL W6R4 6=R$K=9 96=82$! R4$ KU9$L
AA9Y L$AKR$9Y R? $4 RK=L9R6?= U=6RD ?K ?7$RL W6R4 $XR$K=9 96=82$! 6R AA96$L R? R4$
$=R6K$ AK?2K;D

84I 35 1 +1-'

4$K$ K$ RW? 86=#L ?* L?A$ R? ?=L6#$K .KLR! R4$ &8#& 2*, ?* = 6#$=R6.$K! W464 6L
R4$ K$26?= ?* R4$ AK?2K; R$XR W6R46= W464 R4$ 6#$=R6.$KJL 4KR$K6LR6L K$ U=#$KLR??#N
=# L$?=#! R4$ L?A$ LL?6R$# W6R4 ?7$RL W6R4 $XR$K=9 96=82$! W464 #$R$K;6=$L R4$
?==$R6?=L $RW$$= 6#$=R6.$KL 6= L$AKR$9Y ?;A69$# RK=L9R6?= U=6RLD

84I84 F+. 35

#$=R6.$KL *99 6=R? L$V$K9 =;$ LA$L R4R #? =?R 6=R$K*$K$ W6R4 ?=$ =?R4$KN R4$ L;$
6#$=R6.$K ;Y $ UL$# *?K #6+$K$=R AUKA?L$L! $V$= 6= R4$ L;$ L?A$! 6* R4$ UL$L K$ 6=
#6+$K$=R =;$ LA$LD 4$L$ 9LL$L K$ ?7$RL =# *U=R6?=LN R2L ?* LRKURUK$L =#
U=6?=LN =# ;$;$KL ?* $4 LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= 6=#6V6#U99YD
4$ 9$X69 L?A$ ?* = ?7$R ?K *U=R6?= 6#$=R6.$K 6= = $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?= $26=L R
R4$ $=# ?* 6RL #$9KR?K =# A$KL6LRL R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$ RK=L9R6?= U=6R 6= W464 6R AA$KLD
4$ L?A$ ?*  AK;$R$K ?*  *U=R6?= #$.=6R6?= $26=L R R4$ LRKR ?* R4$ 9?8 #$.=6=2
R4$ *U=R6?=! =# A$KL6LRL R4K?U24 R4$ *U=R6?=N R4$ L?A$ ?*  AK;$R$K 6=  *U=R6?=
#$9KR6?= $=#L R R4$ $=# ?* R4$ #$9KR?KD 4$ L?A$ ?* = 6#$=R6.$K #$9K$# R R4$ 4$#
?*  9?8 $26=L R R4$ $=# ?* 6RL #$9KR?K! =# A$KL6LRL R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$ 9?8D 4$ L?A$
?*  LRKURUK$ ?K U=6?= $26=L R 6RL AA$K=$ 6=  RYA$ LA$6.$K! =# A$KL6LRL R? R4$ $=#
?* R4$ RK=L9R6?= U=6R B*?K #$9KR6?=L R R4$ $XR$K=9 9$V$9C ?K R? R4$ $=# ?* R4$ 9?8 B*?K
#$9KR6?=L W6R46=  *U=R6?=CD
* = 6#$=R6.$K 6L $XA966R9Y #$9K$# R R4$ 4$# ?*  9?8! 6=9U#6=2 R4$ 9?8 ?=LR6RUR6=2
 *U=R6?=! =Y #$9KR6?= ?* R4$ 6#$=R6.$K ?URL6#$ R4$ 9?8 6L LULA$=#$# U=R69 R4$ $=# ?*
R4$ 9?8D

84I8B +1-'
6R46=  RK=L9R6?= U=6R! 99 #$9KR6?=L ?* R4$ L;$ ?7$R ?K *U=R6?= 6#$=R6.$K W6R4 6=R$K=9
96=82$ K$*$K R? R4$ L;$ R46=2! =# R4$ ?7$R ?K *U=R6?= 6L U=6FU$ R? R4R RK=L9R6?= U=6RD

99 #$9KR6?=L *?K R4$ L;$ ?7$R ?K *U=R6?= 6#$=R6.$K W6R4 $XR$K=9 96=82$ K$*$K R? R4$
L;$ R46=2! =# R4$ ?7$R ?K *U=R6?= 6L L4K$# Y R4$ $=R6K$ AK?2K;D
4$ .KLR $XR$K=9 #$9KR6?= *?K = 6#$=R6.$K 26V$L R4$ 6#$=R6.$K 6=R$K=9 96=82$ 6* R4$
NSS7( LA$6.$K 6L UL$#! $XR$K=9 96=82$ ?R4$KW6L$D

= 6=96=$ #$.=6R6?= BM
DODSC #?$L =?R AK?V6#$ = $XR$K=9 #$.=6R6?= *?K R4$ *U=R6?= =#
#?$L =?R *?K6# = $XR$K=9 #$.=6R6?=D
= 6=96=$ #$.=6R6?= AK?V6#$L = 9R$K=R6V$ R? =
$XR$K=9 #$.=6R6?= W464 ;Y $ UL$# 6R 6;A9$;$=R =Y 99 R? R4$ *U=R6?= 6= R4$ L;$
RK=L9R6?= U=6RD R 6L U=LA$6.$# W4$R4$K  99 R? R4$ *U=R6?= UL$L R4$ 6=96=$ #$.=6R6?= ?K
R4$ $XR$K=9 #$.=6R6?=D
4IB  1'C' 5+$@+31

844 )11. 300C1+@+31

4==$9 ?;;U=6R6?= ?UKL W4$=! ?= R4$ L;$ 4==$9!

 = ?URAUR 6L $X$UR$# 6= AK99$9 W6R4 = 6=AUR! ?K

  ;LR$K RK=LR6?= 6L $X$UR$# 6= AK99$9 W6R4  L9V$ RK=LR6?=D

= ?URAUR $X$UR$# 6= AK99$9 W6R4  L9V$ RK=LR6?= 6L 6=V96#N  ;LR$K RK=LR6?=

$X$UR$# 6= AK99$9 W6R4 = 6=AUR 6L 6=V96#D
URL6#$  RK=LR6?=! = ?URAUR56=AUR ?;;U=6R6?= 6= W464 R4$ =U;$K ?* YR$L
?URAUR 6L U=$FU9 R? R4$ =U;$K ?* YR$L 6=AUR 6L 6=V96#D =L6#$  RK=LR6?=! 6* 99
?;;U=6R6?=L K$ V96# 6=#6V6#U99Y R4$= R4$ RK=LR6?= 6L 9L? V96#D
##6R6?=99Y! 6* 
?;;U=6R6?= ?UKL 6= W464 R4$ =U;$K ?* YR$L ?URAUR 6L U=$FU9 R? R4$ =U;$K ?*
YR$L 6=AUR R4$= W4$R4$K ?K =?R R4$ RK=LR6?= 6L 6=V96#! =# R4$ V9U$ ?;;U=6R$# 6L
6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D

= 6=V96# ?;;U=6R6?= W6R46=  RK=LR6?= =$$# =?R UL$ R4$ RK=LR6?= R? $?;$
6=V96# U=R69 L9V$ RK=LR6?= LRR$;$=R 2?$L ?UR ?* L?A$D
4$ ;$=6=2 ?* = ?URAUR56=AUR ?;;U=6R6?= 6= W464 R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ ?URAUR $XAK$L5
L6?=  6L R4$ L;$ L R4$ RYA$ ?* R4$ 6=AUR VK69$ 6 6L R4$ L;$ L R4$ LL62=;$=R 6 . D
* R4$ RYA$L K$ #6+$K$=R =# R4$ ?;;U=6R6?= 6L =?R 6=V96# R4$= R4$ ;$=6=2 6L R4$
LL62=;$=R 6 . C* 49,B6CD BL$$ M
DPDSD1CD

84B 1D.+ 5;@+31<

= ?A$KR6?= R4R 6L LY=RR699Y 9$29 UR *?K L?;$ K$L?= ?K U=#$K L?;$ 6KU;LR=$L 6L
L$;=R699Y 6=V96# ;Y $ RK$R$# 6= ?=$ ?* R4K$$ WYL

 R ;Y $ K$A?KR$# L  ?;A69$K $KK?KD

 R ;Y 4V$ 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$# $4V6?UK! *?K $X;A9$ R4$ AK?$LL?K ?U9# 6LLU$
 RKA! =#  RKA 4=#9$K ?U9# R$K;6=R$ R4$ AK?2K;D
 R ;Y K$LU9R 6= U=#$.=$# $4V6?UKD

* R R6;$ 4  AK?2K; 6L 2UK=R$$# R? $X$UR$ L?;$ L$FU$=$ ?* $V$=RL R4R UL$ 6R R?

$?;$ 6=V96# R L?;$ R6;$ 6= R4$ *URUK$ 4/( R4$= 6R 6L A$K;6RR$# R? $?;$ 6=V96# =Y R6;$
#UK6=2 4DD4/(D 46L 99?WL = 6;A9$;$=RR6?= R? 6;AK?V$ ?#$ $,6$=Y! *?K $X;A9$ Y
K$9?R6=2 L*$RY 4$8L ?URL6#$ ?* 9??ALD

84A ;5;3<<+1'
4$ AK$AK?$LL?K LA$6.R6?= 6L #$.=$# R? $ R4$ L;$ L W6R4 >> O! MPD@[! W6R4 R4$
*?99?W6=2 $X$AR6?=L

 4$ ;K? WWWW 6L #$.=$# L @D

 4$ ;K?L WWWW! WWWWW =# WWW WW K$ =?R #$.=$#D

84& ;00; 4IA

84& ;00;

$9?W 6L  LU;;KY ?* R4$ 2K;;K 26V$= R4K?U24?UR R46L AA$=#6XD 4$ 2K;;K 4L U=#$5
.=$# R$K;6=9 LY;?9L #(4 1"*(24(4! !141"*(24(4! #(4#1! 241#( =# (5'14#*("
*(24(4N W?K#L =# LY;?9L WKRR$= 6= S[B,YM7S,M K$ R$K;6=9L 26V$= 96R$K99YD

41(2&4#*("5(#4 )).
841(&"&14#*(/

841(&"&14#*( )). &14#*(

# 5(4#*("(#4#*(

5(4#*("(#4#*( )). ("&14#*( *',*5("244'(4

# 41("&14#*( *',*5("244'(4
# 2&"&14#*( $
51"244'(4/ %

&14#*( )). *("244'(4 !( 45&"&14#*(

45&"&14#*( )). 61"&14#*(

# ("&14#*( O
# 41("&14#*( O
# 2&"&14#*( O

61"&14#*( )).
"2,#1 #(#4"61"&14*1"&#24 !( O

("&14#*( )).
"2,#1 ("&14*1

# $ "2,#1"&#24 % ("&14*1

41("&14#*( )).
"2,#1 SM=N(S7@= ("&14*1

2&"&14#*( )).
"2,#1 N,:,(S ("&14*1

"2,#1"&#24 )).
"2,#1

# "2,#1"&#24 *
"2,#1

"2,#1 )). 24*1 "&22"2,#1

# 49,"2,#1
# 49,"05&#1
# 7=:7=,

24*1 "&22"2,#1 )). VS@

# M,37NS,M
# NSS7(
# ,ZS,M=
# S[B,+,0
# N,MX7(,
4I&  1'C' 5+$@+31

49,"2,#1 )). X@7+

# (5M
# N5@MS
# 7=S
# :@=3
# N73=,+
# V=N73=,+
# (5=
# (5=,=+
# B@MS
# B@MS)
# S7<,M
# (@M,
# 24154"*1"5(#*("2,#1
# (5'"2,#1
# 49,"('

49,"05&#1 )). (@=NS

# X@:S7:,
# 7=
# @VS
# !V00,M,+
# NSM,<7=3

24154"*1"5(#*("2,#1 )). 24154"*1"5(#*( #(4#1 !( $
''1/ %

# 24154"*1"5(#*( #(4#1

24154"*1"5(#*( )). NSMV(S

# V=7@=

#(#4"61"&14*1"&#24 )). #(#4"61"&14*1

# #(#4"61"&14*1"&#24 * #(#4"61"&14*1

#(#4"61"&14*1 )). 61"&14*1
. #(#4#&#21 !(

''1 )).
2,#1"*1"05&#1/ 24154"61"&14*1"&#24 O

2,#1"*1"05&#1 )). 49,"2,#1

# 49,"05&#1

24154"61"&14*1"&#24 )). 24154"61"&14*1

# 24154"61"&14*1"&#24 * 24154"61"&14*1

24154"61"&14*1 )). 61"&14*1

# 61"&14*1 !( ) *(24(4"8,122#*(

(5'"2,#1 )). ,=V< #(4#1 !( $ (5'14*1"&#24 %

# ,=V< #(4#1 !( $ (5'14*1"&#24 * %
# ,=V< #(4#1

84& ;00; 4I%

(5'14*1"&#24 )). (5'14*1

# (5'14*1"&#24 * (5'14*1

(5'14*1 )). #(4#1

# #(4#1 . *(24(4"8,122#*(

61"&14*1 )). #(4#1
#'(2#*("2#:

#  #(4#1
# I #((4#1
#'(2#*("2#:
#  I #(4#1

("&14*1 )). #(4#1 C ,1'41"49,"&#24 !( D

#'(2#*("2#: )). & *(24(4"8,122#*( !( '

,1'41"49,"&#24 )). ,1'41"&#24

# ,1'41"&#24 * ,1'41"&14#*(

,1'41"&#24 )). ,1'41"&14#*(

# ,1'41"&#24 * ,1'41"&14#*(

,1'41"&14#*( )).
"2,#1/ 2414"*1"6*#"

2414"*1"6*#" )). 61"&14*1

# 2414"61"&14*1

#(#4#&#21 )). *("244'(4 !( 8,122#*(

# $ #(#4#&#21"&#24 %
# $ #(#4#&#21"&#24 * %

#(#4#&#21"&#24 )). #(#4#&#21

# #(#4#&#21"&#24 * #(#4#&#21

49,"(' )).
2,#1"*1"05&#1/ 2414"61"&14*1

2414"61"&14*1 )).
#'(2#*("2#:

49,"(' )). #(4#1

244'(4 )). 2#',&"244'(4 !( O

# *',*5("244'(4
# 2&4#*("244'(4
# #414#*("244'(4
# $5',"244'(4
# ,1&&&"244'(4
# 41(24#*("244'(4

2#',&"244'(4 )). 8,122#*("244'(4

# '5&4#,&"22# ('(4
# #(,54
# *54,54
4I>  1'C' 5+$@+31

*',*5("244'(4 )). $
61"&14#*(
244'(4 %

2&4#*("244'(4 )). 70 C 8,122#*( D 244'(4

# 70 C 8,122#*( D 244'(4 ,:N, 244'(4
# NY7S(5 C 8,122#*( D $
&&&"244'(4/ %
# N,:,(S $
51"244'(4/ %

&&&"244'(4 )). (N, *(24(4"8,122#*( )
244'(4

# +,0V:S )
244'(4

51"244'(4 )). (N, 1,&#4*1 !( (&"8, !( #(,54 )
244'(4

# (N, 1,&#4*1 !( (&"8, !( 5(4#*("&& )

244'(4
# (N, 1,&#4*1 !( (&"8, !( 2&6"244'(4 )

244'(4
# +,0V:S )
244'(4
# (N, 5(4#*("&& O

1,&#4*1 )). C 7=S 61#& . 8,122#*( O 8,122#*( O 8,122#*( D

(&"8, )). 8,122#*( .4

#414#*("244'(4 )). Y57:, C 8,122#*( D 244'(4

# +@ 244'(4 Y57:, C 8,122#*( D O
# 0@M C *1"#(#4 !( O 8,122#*( !( O 2#',&"&#24 !( D
244'(4

$5',"244'(4 )). (@=S7=V, O

# !M,9 O
# M,SVM= 8,122#*( !( O
# M,SVM= $ 8,122#*("&#24 % O

,1&&&"244'(4 )). BM 1,&#4*1 !( $
4!1 %

4!1 )). *("244'(4 !( 244'(4

*("244'(4 )). @= 61#&"11( )

41(24#*("244'(4 )). 2&6"244'(4

# '241"244'(4

2&6"244'(4 )). N:X, 244'(4

'241"244'(4 )). <NS,M 244'(4

*1"#(#4 )). 61"&14#*(

# 2#',&"&#24

2#',&"&#24 )). 2#',&"244'(4

# 2#',&"&#24 * 2#',&"244'(4

8,122#*("244'(4 )). 8,122#*(


84& ;00; 4I=

8,122#*( )). 22# ('(4"8,122#*(

22# ('(4"8,122#*( )). *(#4#*(&"8,122#*(

# 61#&"11( 22# ('(4"*,14*1
22# ('(4"8,122#*(

22# ('(4"*,14*1 )). *( *

. . R. E. G. 6. ;;. 44. . . #.

*(#4#*(&"8,122#*( )). &* #&" "8,122#*(

# &* #&" "8,122#*( I
8,122#*( ) *(#4#*(&"8,122#*(

*(24(4"8,122#*( )). *(#4#*(&"8,122#*(

&* #&" "8,122#*( )). &* #&"
"8,122#*(

# &* #&" "8,122#*( ## &* #&"
"8,122#*(

&* #&"
"8,122#*( )). #(&52#6" "8,122#*(

# &* #&"
"8,122#*(  #(&52#6" "8,122#*(

#(&52#6" "8,122#*( )). 8&52#6" "8,122#*(

# #(&52#6" "8,122#*( # 8&52#6" "8,122#*(

8&52#6" "8,122#*( )).
"8,122#*(

# 8&52#6" "8,122#*( 
"8,122#*(

"8,122#*( )). 05&#49"8,122#*(

#
"8,122#*(  05&#49"8,122#*(

05&#49"8,122#*( )). 1&4#*(&"8,122#*(

# 05&#49"8,122#*( .. 1&4#*(&"8,122#*(
# 05&#49"8,122#*( /. 1&4#*(&"8,122#*(

1&4#*(&"8,122#*( )). 2!#4"8,122#*(

# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( ; 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( 4 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( ;. 2!#4"8,122#*(
# 1&4#*(&"8,122#*( 4. 2!#4"8,122#*(

2!#4"8,122#*( )). #4#6"8,122#*(

# 2!#4"8,122#*( ;; #4#6"8,122#*(
# 2!#4"8,122#*( 44 #4#6"8,122#*(

#4#6"8,122#*( )). '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(

# #4#6"8,122#*( G '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(
# #4#6"8,122#*( 6 '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(

'5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*( )). 24"8,122#*(

# '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*(  24"8,122#*(
# '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*( R 24"8,122#*(
# '5&4#,&#4#6"8,122#*( E 24"8,122#*(
4I  1'C' 5+$@+31

24"8,122#*( )). 5(19"8,122#*(

# C 49,"(' D 24"8,122#*(

5(19"8,122#*( )). ,*248"8,122#*(

# GG 61#&"11(
# 66 61#&"11(
# 5(19"*,14*1 24"8,122#*(
# N7\,@0 5(19"8,122#*(
# N7\,@0 C 49,"(' D
# 7N=V:: C 5(19"8,122#*( D

5(19"*,14*1 )). *( *

G 6  /

,*248"8,122#*( )). ,1#'19"8,122#*(

# 61#&"11( GG
# 61#&"11( 66

,1#'19"8,122#*( )). 61#&"11(

# 5(4#*("&&
# *(24(4
# 241#(
# C 8,122#*( D

'5&4#,&"22# ('(4 )). $ 1451("&#24 % 22# ('(4"*,14*1 5(4#*("&&

1451("&#24 )). *,4#*(&"61#&

# 1451("&#24 * *,4#*(&"61#&

*,4#*(&"61#& )). 61#&"11(

# X@7+

#(,54 )). 12*51 4#' !( ,1#4 !( #(,54"*,14*1

24 4#'24', !(

12*51 )). 61#&"11(

4#' )). 8,122#*(

#(,54"*,14*1 )). )4
# )4 44

24 )). &1"61"11(

#(,54"4#'24', )). &1"61"11(

*54,54"4#'24', )). 61#&"11(

&1"61"11( )).
&14#*("2,#1/ #(4#1 !(

# 61#&"11(

,1#4 )). Y5,= 5(4#*("&&


84& ;00; 4I2

*54,54 )). 12*51 4#' !( *54,54"*,14*1

8,122#*( 4#'24', !(

*54,54"*,14*1 )). ;)
# ;) 44

5(4#*("&& )). #(4#1 C 8,122#*("&#24 !( D

61#&"11( )). #(4#1

# 61#&"11( & 8,122#*( '
# 61#&"11( F #(4#1
# C 61#&"11( * 49,"(' D

8,122#*("&#24 )). 8,122#*(

# 8,122#*("&#24 * 8,122#*(

*(24(4 )). #(4 1"*(24(4

# !141"*(24(4
# (5'14#*("*(24(4
# =V::

    
 ? 5+$@+31

4$ LA$6.R6?= 26V$= 6= R46L AA$=#6X #$LK6$L R4$ *U=R6?=9 $4V6?UK ?* Q ?A$KR6?=L
?= A?KRLD
?K R4$ AUKA?L$ ?* #$LK66=2 L$;=R6L!  A?KR = $ #$.=$# L  ?99$R6?= ?* ?=UK5
K$=R R4K$#L R4R A$K*?K;  =U;$K ?* *U=R6?=L ?= #R L 6R 0?WL $RW$$= R4$ AK?$LL?K
=# R4$ A6=LD 4$ ?;A?L6R6?=9 ;?#$9 ?* =   A?KR 6L L4?W= 6= R4$ #62K; $9?WD

 #! 

$ 
Clocking,
Timing and Serialisation Buffering
 
Strobing  Component Component
Component "

&

?2699Y!  A?KR ?;AK6L$L R4K$$ ?;A?=$=RL R4R $XR$=#  GKW A?KRH W6R4 *U=R6?=96RY
LU4 L 9?86=2! R6;6=2! LRK?6=2! L$K696LR6?= =# U+$K6=2D 4$  AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L
 ;?#$9 *?K R4$L$ ?;A?=$=RL =# R4$6K ?==$R6V6RYD
=;HL =49I & $65 & H49 & H;OL J
49L R & = J
49L '4H($L4;9 J

Q;4' 849 > Q;4' ?

$29 $ & ' & ( & 4I & $6H "M#J
=H
$6548(LH;( > =49I & H49 & H;OL & $65 & $ & $6H "V# & $6H "<#?J
I(H464I(H >R & = & $ & ' & ( & $6H "<# & $6H "N#?J
O,,(H >9 & '4H($L4;9 & ' & ( & 4I & + 4I9O66 > H;OL ? & $6H "N# & $6H "V#?J
=H;$(II;H > 4I ?J
! !
44B  ? 5+$@+31

Y #$.=6=2 R4$ *U=R6?=96RY ?* A?KRL 6= R46L WY! R4$ RL8 ?* AK?2K;;6=2 A?KRL = $
?=L6#$K$# =9?2?UL R? 6=R$K*6=2 W6R4 ?R4$K ?;A?=$=RL 6=  ?=UKK$=R LYLR$;D

84 ) C1@+31. 3. 3" .3- ?

4$ $4V6?UK ?* 6=AURR6=2 =# ?URAURR6=2 ?=  9?8$#! U=U+$K$# A?KR R4R UL$L =? K$#Y56=
?K K$#Y5?UR L62=9L 6L #$.=$# L *?99?WL

= ?URAUR $#2$ ?UKL ?= R4$ =$XR *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8D

= ?URAUR UL$L #R R? $ #K6V$= ?= R4$ =$XR ?URAUR $#2$N R4$ AK?$LL?K 9?8L U=R69
R4$ LUL$FU$=R K6L6=2 $#2$D

= 6=AUR $#2$ ?UKL ?= R4$ =$XR K6L6=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8D

= 6=AUR UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR ?= R4$ =$XR 6=AUR $#2$N R4$ AK?$LL?K
9?8L U=R69 R46L R6;$D
4$ *U=R6?= $9?W 6;A9$;$=RL R4$L$ L$;=R6LD R ?A$KR$L ?= RW? KW A?KRL R4R 6=R$K*$
W6R4 9?8 =# #R L62=9LD 4$ 9?8 6L ;?#$99$# L  A6= R4R W4$= R?229$#! *?K $X;A9$ Y
= ?K$ 9?8 9?8! L62=6.$L  9?8 $#2$D B?R$ R4R R4$ *U=R6?= #?$L =?R 6;A9$;$=R =Y
R6;6=2 ?K LRK?6=2 ?A$KR6?=L! =# R4R 6R 6=R$K*$L #6K$R9Y W6R4 R4$ AK?$LL?KDC
Q;4' $6548(LH;( > =;HL =49I & =;HL $65 & $29(9' 4I ?
=R4'L2PL 'L * VJ
49L $656 * VJ
49L ILL( *  J

R246( ><?
I(6($L
$I( $65 R2(9 =49I9(C > $656 ? % 1 $656 %
4, >+ $656  ILL( **  ?
=49I 7% 'L J
ILL( *   J
!
(6I( 4, > $656  ILL( **   ?
=49I % 1 'L J
4I 7% 'L J
ILL( *  J
!
(6I( 4, > $656  ILL( **   ?
4I 7% VJ
ILL( *  J
!
H(5 J
$I( > ILL( **  ? * 1 4I % 1 ILL( %
IR4L$2 > ILL( ?
$I(  %
4I % 1 'L J
H(5 J
$I(   %
H(5 J
!
H(5 J
! ! !
B.1 The Functional Model of Clocked I/O 113

The declaration

void clkTimeStrobe ( port pins , port clk , chanend isa )

declares clkTimeStrobe to be a function that takes a raw data port on which to sample and
drive data, a raw port on which to sample clock edges and a channel end for interfacing with
a processor. The type pwidth_t is the same size as the port width.
The function performs the following I/O operations on raw ports:

• pins <: data;

The data in variable data is driven on the pins immediately.

• pins :> data;

The value on the pins is read immediately and assigned to the variable data.

• clk when pinsneq(clkVal) :> clkVal;

The value on the clock pin is input when it becomes unequal to its present value.

The clocking component waits for both clock edges and for requests from the processor.
After receiving an output request, on the next falling edge of the clock, the data is driven and
an acknowledgement is communicated to the processor. After receiving an input request, on
the next sampling edge of the clock, data is sampled and communicated to the processor.
The program below shows the use of the clocked port by a thread, assumed to be executed
on a processor, that performs the same sequence of outputs as the example given in §4.1.
(Note that on XCore devices, the ports are interfaced directly by the ISA, rather than using a
channel interface, so this program is not in practice generated.)

port p , c ;

int main ( void ) {

chan isa ;
par {
clkTimeStrobe (p , c , isa ); // implemented in hardware
for ( int i =0; i <5; i ++) { // implemented in software
isa <: OUTPUT ;
isa <: i ;
isa : > int ;
}
}
}

The for loop outputs data to the function clkTimeStrobe, which then drives this data on the
next falling edge of its clock. On XS1 devices, all ports used for data are buffered (see §C.1),
which means that the acknowledgement happens almost immediately.
Note that XC’s I/O semantics do not require a clock to provide edges at regular intervals,
or even to provide edges at all. Neither do the semantics specify the state in which a port
is initialised. The I/O semantics are therefore captured entirely within the for loop, with
implementation-defined initialisation appearing outside of the loop (see §C.2). I/O timing
characteristics are implementation-defined.
44&  ? 5+$@+31

8B .3-+1' +0+1' 1 @;3+1' 305311@

4$ $4V6?UK ?* R6;$# ?A$KR6?=L K$ #$.=$# L *?99?WL


R6;$# ?URAUR UL$L R4$ A?KR R? W6R U=R69 6RL ?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$ =#
R4$= $4V$L L  9?8$# ?URAURD

R6;$LR;A$# ?URAUR UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ ?URAUR 6L #K6V$= =# R?
R4$= K$?K# R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K R R46L R6;$D

R6;$# 6=AUR UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$#
R6;$ 6= R4$ *URUK$ =# R4$= $4V$L L  9?8$# 6=AURD

*  K$#Y56= LRK?$ L62=9 6L UL$#

 4$ K$#Y56= L62=9 6L L;A9$# ?= R4$ K6L6=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8D
 =AUR $#2$L ?UK ?= K6L6=2 $#2$L ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8 W4$= R4$ K$#Y56= L62=9 6L 4624D
 URAUR $#2$L ?UK ?= *996=2 $#2$L ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8 W4$= R4$ K$#Y56= L62=9 WL
L;A9$# 4624 ?= R4$ AK$V6?UL K6L6=2 $#2$D

*  K$#Y5?UR LRK?$ L62=9 6L UL$#

 4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9 6L ULU99Y #K6V$= 9?WD

 URAUR #R 6L #K6V$= *?K R 9$LR  L6=29$ A$K6?# ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8! =# R4$ K$#Y5?UR
L62=9 6L #K6V$= *?K R4$ .KLR A$K6?# ?=9YN W4$R4$K ?K =?R R4$ ?URAUR #R ?=R6=U$L R?
$ #K6V$= 6L 6;A9$;$=RR6?=5#$.=$#D
 4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9 6L #K6V$= 4624 ?= R4$ *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8 AK6?K R? R4$
=$XR K6L6=2 $#2$ ?= W464 #R 6L L;A9$#D

4$ *U=R6?=L $9?W #$.=$ R4$ 9?86=2QR6;6=2QLRK?6=2 ?;A?=$=R! W464 = $ ?=.2UK$#
R? UL$  K$#Y56= =# K$#Y5?UR L62=9 =# 6L A9$ ?* A$K*?K;6=2 R6;$# =# R6;$LR;A$#
?A$KR6?=LD
Q;4' /(L9(C > $29(9' $ & 49L  4I48(' & $;O9L(HPL  L48( & 49L  4I ?
K =H;L;$;6 ,;H 49=OLL49/ 9 0 49=OL H(CO(IL G ,H;8  $299(6 K
$ % 1 4I48(' J KK /(L L48( > $;9LH;6 ?
4, > 4I48(' ?
$ % 1 L48( J KK /(L L48( > 'L ?
$ % 1 4I J KK /(L L48(IL8= > $;9LH;6 ?
!

Q;4' /(L OL(C > $29(9' $ & =R4'L2PL  'L & 49L  4I48(' &
$;O9L(HPL  L48( & 49L  4I ?
K =H;L;$;6 ,;H 49=OLL49/ 9 0 ;OL=OL H(CO(IL G ,H;8  $299(6 K
$ % 1 'L J KK /(L ;OL=OL > 'L ?
$ % 1 4I48(' J KK /(L L48( > $;9LH;6 ?
4, > 4I48(' ?
$ % 1 L48( J KK /(L L48( > 'L ?
$ % 1 4I J KK /(L L48(IL8= > $;9LH;6 ?
!
8B .3-+1' +0+1' 1 @;3+1' 305311@ 44%

Q;4' $6548(LH;( > =;HL =49I & 49L 4I('T9 & =;HL H49 & 49L 4I('T OL &
=;HL H;OL & =;HL $65 &
$29(9' I(H & $29(9' $6H9 & $29(9' $6H OL ?
=R4'L2PL 'L * VJ
49L ILL( *  J
49L $656 * VJ
49L H496 * VJ
49L 4I48(' * VJ
$;O9L(HPL $;O9L(H * VJ
$;O9L(HPL L48( * VJ
49L 4I * VJ
R246( ><?
I(6($L
$I( > ILL( **  ? * 1 I(H % 1 ILL( %
IR4L$2 > ILL( ?
$I(  %
/(L OL(C > I(H & 'L & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
H(5 J
$I(   %
/(L9(C > I(H & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
H(5 J
!
H(5 J
$I( $65 R2(9 =49I9(C > $656 ? % 1 $656 %
4, >+ $656 ? K ,6649/ ('/( K
$;O9L(H BBJ
4, > ILL( **   >+ 4I48('  $;O9L(H ** L48( ??
ILL( * P  J
(6I( 4, > ILL( **    >+ 4I48('  $;O9L(H ** L48( ??
ILL( * P J
4, > ILL( ** P   >+ 4I('T9  H496 ??
=49I 7% 'L J
4, > 4I('T OL ? H;OL 7% <J
ILL( *   J
!
(6I( 4, > ILL( ** P  4I('T OL ?
H;OL 7% <J
(6I( 4, > 4I('T OL ?
H;OL 7% VJ
!
(6I( K H4I49/ ('/( K
4, > 4I('T9 ?
H49 % 1 H496 J
4, > ILL( **   ?
I(H 7% VJ 4, > 4I ? I(H 7% $;O9L(H J
ILL( *  J
!
(6I( 4, > ILL( ** P  >+ 4I('T9  H496 ??
=49I % 1 'L J
I(H 7% 'L J 4, > 4I ? I(H 7% $;O9L(H J
ILL( *  J
!
!
H(5 J
$I( $6H9 % 1 49L S % $6H OL 7% S J ILL( *  J H(5 J
! ! !
44>  ? 5+$@+31

8A ;+.+<@+31 305311@

4$ $4V6?UK ?* 6=AURR6=2 =# ?URAURR6=2 ?=  L$K696L$# A?KR 6L #$.=$# L *?99?WL


= ?URAUR ?*  756R V9U$ ?= , A6=L 6L #K6V$= ?V$K 7Q, ?URAUR $#2$L! 9$LR L62=6.=R
6RL .KLRD
 4$ R6;$ LA$6.$# Y  R6;$# ?K R6;$LR;A$# ?URAUR K$AK$L$=RL R4$ R6;$ *K?; W464
R4$ .KLR , 6RL ?* #R K$ #K6V$=N R4$ AK?$LL?K 9?8L U=R69 R4$ 9LR , 6RL K$ #K6V$=D

= 6=AUR ?*  756R V9U$ ?= , A6=L 6L L;A9$# ?V$K 7Q, 6=AUR $#2$L! W6R4 $K96$K 6RL
K$$6V$# 6=L$KR$# 6= R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R 6RL ?* 7D
 4$ R6;$ LA$6.$# Y  R6;$# ?K R6;$LR;A$# 6=AUR K$AK$L$=RL R4$ R6;$ *K?; W464
R4$ .KLR@ , #R 6RL K$ K$# *K?; R4$ A6=LD

4$ *U=R6?=L $9?W #$.=$ R4$ L$K696L$K ?;A?=$=R

Q;4' =OL OL(C > $29(9' $LI & =R4'L2PL 'L & 49L 4I48(' &
$;O9L(HPL L48( & 49L 4I ?
K =H;L;$;6 ,;H ;OL=OLL49/ 9 0 ;OL=OL H(CO(IL G L;  $299(6 K
$LI 7%  J
$LI 7% 'L J
4, > 4I48(' ?
$LI 7% <J
$LI 7% L48( J
!
(6I(
$LI 7% VJ
$LI 7% 4I J
!

Q;4' =OL9(C > $29(9' $LI & 49L 4I48(' & $;O9L(HPL L48( & 49L 4I ?
K =H;L;$;6 ,;H 49=OLL49/ 9 0 ;OL=OL H(CO(IL G ,H;8  $299(6 K
$LI 7%   J
4, > 4I48(' ?
$LI 7% <J
$LI 7% L48( J
!
(6I(
$LI 7% VJ
$LI 7% 4I J
!

@ = @ #$V6$L! R4$ R6;$ LA$6.$# Y  R6;$# ?K R6;$LR;A$# 6=AUR 6L R4$ R6;$ *K?; W464

R4$ &24 6RL K$ L;A9$# BL$$ M D@D@CD 46L K$FU6K$L R4$ L$K696L$K R? $ ?=R6=U99Y R6V$ BAUL4
;?#$9C! KR4$K R4= $6=2 R6VR$# Y R4$ U+$K6=2 ?;A?=$=R BAU99 ;?#$9CD R 6L =R66AR$#&UR =?R
2UK=R$$#&R4R *URUK$ 2$=$KR6?=L ?* R4$   K46R$RUK$ W699 LUAA?KR R4$ ?V$ L$;=R6LD
8A ;+.+<@+31 305311@ 44=

Q;4' I(H464I(H > 49L R & 49L = & $29(9' $LI & $29(9' O,9 & $29(9' O, OL &
$29(9' $6H9 & $29(9' $6H OL ?
LR4'L2PL 'L * VJ
$;O9L(HPL L48( * VJ
$;O9L(HPL LI * VJ
49L $6H * VJ
49L 4I48(' * VJ
49L 4I * VJ

R246( ><?
I(6($L
$I( O,9 % 1 49L ;= %
IR4L$2 > ;= ?
$I(  %
/(L OL(C > O,9 & 'L & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
,;H > 49L 4 *VJ 4 7 R K = J 4 BB?
=R4'L2PL $2O95 * >>< 77 = ? 3 <?  'L J
'L 1 1* = J
=OL OL(C > $LI & $2O95 & > 4I48('  4 ** V? & L48( & <?J
$LI % 1 49L J KK IT9$2H;94I(
$LI % 1 LI J KK /(L LI > 'L ?
!
O,9 7% VJ KK IT9$2H;94I(
4, > 4I ? O,9 7% LI J KK =OL LI > $;9LH;6 B 'L ?
H(5 J
$I(   %
/(L9(C > O,9 & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
$6H * VJ
,;H > 49L 4 *VJ 4 7 R K =  + $6H J 4 BB?
4, > 4 ** V?
=OL9(C > $LI & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
(6I(
=OL9(C > $LI & V & L48( & V?J
I(6($L
$I( $LI % 1 =R4'L2PL $2O95 % KK /(L 49=OL > 'L ?
'L * > 'L 11 = ?  > $2O95 77 >R 3 = ??J
4, > 4 ** V  4I ?
$LI % 1 LI J KK /(L LI > 'L ?
H(5 J
$I( $6H9 % 1 49L S % KK $6(H > $;9LH;6 ?
$6H * <J
$6H OL 7% S J
H(5 J
! !
4, >+ $6H ?
O, OL 7% 'L  >>< 7 7 R ? 3<?J KK =OL ;OL=OL > 'L ?
4, > 4I ? O, OL 7% LI J KK =OL LI > 'L ?
!
H(5 J
!
H(5 J
$I( $6H9 % 1 49L S %
$6H OL 7% S J
H(5 J
! ! !
44  ? 5+$@+31

8& C#;+1' 305311@

U+$K$# A?KR W6R4    L6Z$ ?* [ 6L #$.=$# 6= R4$ L;$ WY L 6* R4$ U+$K6=2 ?;A?=$=R
6L =?R AK$L$=RD 4$ AK?2K; $9?W #$.=$L R46L GALL5R4K?U24H $4V6?UK! V?6#6=2 R4$ =$$#
R? K$;?V$ R4$ ?;A?=$=R *K?; R4$ ;?#$9 W4$= U+$K6=2 6L =?R K$FU6K$#D
Q;4' O,,(H > 49L I4U( & 49L '4H($L4;9 & $29(9' $ & $29(9' & ' & $29(9' 4I &
49L 4I;OL & $29(9' $6H9 & $29(9' $6H OL ?
LR4'L2PL 'L * VJ
49L 4I48(' * VJ
$;O9L(HPL L48( * VJ
49L 4I * VJ
49L ;= * VJ

4, > I4U( ** V?
R246( ><?
4I % 1 49L ;= J
IR4L$2 > ;= ?
$I(  %
/(L OL(C > 4I & 'L & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
=OL OL(C > I(H & 'L & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
I(H % 1 49L J
4, > 4I ? I(H % 1 LI J
4I 7% VJ
4, > 4I ? 4I 7% LI J
H(5 J
$I(   %
/(L9(C > 4I & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
=OL9(C > I(H & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
I(H % 1 'L J
4I 7% 'L J
4, > 4I ?
I(H % 1 LI J
4I 7% LI J
! !
! !
(6I( 4, > '4H($L4;9 **  ?
=;HLO,,(H OL > I4U( & ' & 4I ?J
(6I(
=;HLO,,(H9 > I4U( & ' & ( & 4I & 4I;OL & $6H9 & $6H OL ?J
!

8&84   C1@+31<
4$ U+$K6=2 ?;A?=$=RL #$.=$# 6= R4$ *?99?W6=2 L$R6?=L ;8$ UL$ ?*  LR=#K# .KLR56=5
.KLR5?UR B C #R LRKURUK$! W464 6L 6=R$K*$# UL6=2 R4$ *?99?W6=2 *U=R6?=L

X@7+ ++7:C  0* SY7+S5WS +S* (@V=S,MWS SND

##L = $=RKY R? R4$ R69 ?* R4$  D * R4$   6L *U99! R4$ ?9#$LR $=RKY 6L K$;?V$#
R? ;8$ K??;D

$SY7+S5WS* (@V=S,MWS% 3,S,+C  0D

$RUK=L R4$ ?9#$LR $=RKY *K?; R4$ 4$# ?* R4$   =# K$;?V$L 6R *K?; R4$
FU$U$D * R4$   6L $;ARY! R4$ K$LU9R K$RUK=$# 6L U=#$.=$#D
8& C#;+1' 305311@ 442

7=S 7N<BS[C  0D
$RUK=L =?=5Z$K? 6* R4$   6L $;ARY! =# Z$K? ?R4$KW6L$D

7=S 7NV::C  0D
$RUK=L =?=5Z$K? 6* R4$   6L *U99! =# Z$K? ?R4$KW6L$D

8&8B C#; C@5C@

4$ $4V6?UK ?* ?URAURR6=2 ?=  U+$K$# A?KR 6L #$.=$# L *?99?WL

= ?URAUR 6=L$KRL #R 6=R? R4$ A?KRJL  ! W464 A$K*?K;L R4$ ?URAUR ?=$ 99 A$=#6=2
?URAURL 4V$ ?;A9$R$#N R4$ AK?$LL?K 9?8L U=R69 R4$   4L LA$ R? $AR R4$
#RD

R6;$# ?URAUR UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$ =# R4$= A$K*?K;L
R4$ ?URAURD
4$ *U=R6?= $9?W #$.=$L R4$ U+$K6=2 ?URAUR ?;A?=$=R
Q;4' =;HLO,,(H OL > $29(9' I(H & $29(9' 4I ?
  *   J
LR4'L2PL 'L * VJ
49L 4I48(' * VJ
$;O9L(HPL L48( * VJ
49L 4I * VJ
$;O9L(HPL LI * VJ
49L R4L * VJ

R246( ><?
4, >+ 4I8=LT >  ?  + R4L ?
'L & L48( ! * /(L(' >  ?J
=OL OL(C > I(H & 'L & > L48( +*   ? & L48( & 4I ?J
R4L * <J
!
I(6($L
$I( + 4IO66 >  ? * 1 4I % 1 49L ;= %
IR4L$2 > ;= ?
$I(  %
/(L OL(C > 4I & 'L & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
4I 7% VJ
4, > 4I48(' ?
''46 > & 'L & L48( ?J
(6I(
''46 > & 'L &   ?J
H(5 J
$I(   %
K 48=6(8(9LL4;9 3 '(,49(' (2Q4;OH K
H(5 J
!
H(5 J
$I( I(H % 1 LI %
4, > 4I8=LT >  ?  4I ?
4I 7% LI J
R4L * VJ
H(5 J
! ! !
120 XC I/O Specification

B.4.3 Buffered Input

The behaviour of inputting on a buffered port is defined as follows:
• On each input edge, data is sampled by the port and inserted into the port’s FIFO; if
the FIFO is full then the oldest value is discarded to make room for the most recently
sampled value.
• An input fetches the next data from the FIFO; the processor blocks until the FIFO
contains data.
• If a buffered port is configured with a ready-out strobe, the ready-out signal is driven
high on each falling edge of the clock when the FIFO is not full.
• The time in a timed input represents time in the future; it causes the processor to
discard any data in the buffer prior to performing the input.
The function below defines the buffering input component:
void po rtBufferIn ( chanend serIn , chanend serOut , chanend isa ,
int isReadyOut , chanend clrIn , chanend clrOut ) {
FIFO b = EMPTY ;
twidth_t data = 0;
int isTimed = 0 , isTS = 0;
counter_t time = 0 , ts = 0;
while (1) {
if (! isReadyOut || ! isFull ( b ))
putInReq ( serIn , 0 , 0 , 1);
select {
case ! isEmpty ( b ) = > isa : > int op :
switch ( op ) {
case OUTPUT : /* implementation - defined behaviour */
break ;
case INPUT :
getInReq ( isa , isTimed , time , isTS );
if (! isTimed )
{ data , ts } = getHead ( b ); // get buffered input ( data )
else {
clrOut <: 1; // clear any pending inputs
select {
case clrIn : > int :
doEmpty ( b );
break ;
case serOut : > twidth_t :
clrIn : > int ; doEmpty ( b );
break ;
}
putInReq ( serIn , 1 , time , isTS );
serOut : > data ; // get input ( data )
serOut : > ts ; // get ts ( data )
}
isa <: data ; // put input ( data )
if ( isTS ) isa <: ts ; // put ts ( data )
break ;
}
break ;
case serOut : > data : // get input ( data )
serOut : > ts ; // get ts ( data )
addTail (b , data , ts ); // add buffer ( data )
break ;
} } }
8% 31+@+31. 15C@ 9/5D%? 1 9/5D5%? 4B4

8% 31+@+31. 15C@ 
 1 


4$ $4V6?UK ?*  ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR ?=  9?8$# A?KR 6L #$.=$# Y AK$#6R$ *U=R6?=LD 4$
AK$#6R$ *U=R6?=L B7=N,H =# B7=N=,H K$ #$.=$# L *?99?WL


?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR W6R4 R4$ *U=R6?= B7=N,H UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR ?=
6=AUR $#2$L U=R69 R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ L;A9$# BA?KR5W6#R4C 6RL 6L $FU9 R? R4$ LA$6.$#
AK;R$K V9U$N R4$ AK?$LL?K W6RL U=R69 R46L R6;$! R86=2 R4$ ;?LR K$$=R #R
L;A9$#D

?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR W6R4 R4$ *U=R6?= B7=N=N,H UL$L #R R? $ L;A9$# Y R4$
A?KR ?= 6=AUR $#2$L U=R69 R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ L;A9$# BA?KR5W6#R4C 6RL 6L U=$FU9 R? R4$
LA$6.$# AK;R$K V9U$N R4$ AK?$LL?K W6RL U=R69 R46L R6;$! R86=2 R4$ ;?LR K$$=R
#R L;A9$#D

R6;$# ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K $FU9L
R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$ =# R4$= $4V$L L  ?=#6R6?=9 6=AURD

$;=R699Y! ?R4 ?* R4$L$ *U=R6?=L K$ #$.=$# L AKR ?*  ,#(2"*(#4#*(& ?;A?=$=R

R4R AA$KL $RW$$= R4$ 9?86=2QR6;6=2QLRK?6=2 ?;A?=$=R =# R4$ L$K696L$K ?;A?=$=RD

Pins Conditional
Component

 #! 

$ 
Clocking,
Timing and Serialisation Buffering
 
Strobing  Component Component
Component "

&

46L ?;A?=$=R K$FU6K$L R4$ AK?R??9 UL$# R? ?;;U=6R$ 6=AUR K$FU$LRL R4K?U24 R4$
U+$K6=2 =# L$K696LR6?= ?;A?=$=RL R? $ $XR$=#$# R? ALL  ?=#6R6?=! W464 ;Y $
$6R4$K (*(! ,#(2 05& 4* ?K ,#(2 5(05& 4*D 4$ *U=R6?= ?= R4$ =$XR A2$ #$.=$L R4$
A6=L5?=#6R6?=9 ?;A?=$=RD ?K R46L ?;A?=$=R R? $ 6=R$2KR$#

 4$ 9?86=2QR6;6=2QLRK?6=2 ?;A?=$=R BL$$ MDTC 6L ;?#6.$# L? R4R 6R = $AR

=# K$LA?=# R? K$FU$LRL ?V$K = ##6R6?=9 4==$9D
 4$ U+$K6=2 6=AUR ?;A?=$=R BL$$ MD1C 6L ;?#6.$# R? $AR ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR
K$FU$LRLD *  ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR 6L K$FU$LR$#! R4$ U+$K6=2 ?;A?=$=R 9$KL =Y
A$=#6=2 6=AURL BL W6R4 R6;$# 6=AURLC =# R4$= ?;;U=6R$L W6R4 R46L ?;A?=$=R
?V$K =?R4$K 4==$9D
4BB  ? 5+$@+31

Q;4' =49I;9' 4L 4 ;9 6 > $29(9' $LI & $29(9' O, ?

=R4'L2PL 'L * VJ
$;O9L(HPL L48( * VJ
$;O9L(HPL LI * VJ
49L 4I48(' * VJ
49L 4I * VJ
49L 9 * VJ
49L $;9' * VJ
=R4'L2PL $;9'L * VJ
49L 8L$2(' * VJ

R246( ><?
O, % 1 49L J KK /(L 49=OL H(C > $;9LH;6 ?
/(L9(C > O, & 4I48(' & L48( & 4I ?J
O, % 1 $;9' J
O, % 1 $;9'L J KK /(L $;9' > 'L ?
9 * VJ
8L$2(' * VJ
R246( >+ 8L$2(' ?
=OL9(C > $LI & > 4I48('  9 ** V? & L48( & 4I ?J
$LI % 1 'L J KK /(L 49=OL > 'L ?
4, > 4I ?
$LI % 1 LI J KK /(L LI > 'L ?
IR4L$2 > $;9' ?
$I(  %
8L$2(' * <J
H(5 J
$I(   %
8L$2(' * > 'L ** $;9'L ?J
H(5 J
$I(    %
8L$2(' * > 'L +* $;9'L ?J
H(5 J
! !
O, 7% 'L J KK I9' 'L > 'L ?
4, > 4I ?
O, 7% LI J KK I9' LI > 'L ?
H(5 J
!
!
 A P P E N D I X C
XS1 Implementation of XC

The following sections describe the XS1 implementation of XC, including the extent to which
the I/O specification is implemented, the standard port library, port-to-pin mappings, and
the size and alignment of types.

C.1 Support for XC Port Specification

The XC port declaration
port p ;
declares a raw port. On XS1 devices, all ports used for inputting and outputting data are
clocked by a 100MHz reference clock (see §C.2.1) and use a single-entry buffer, even if their
declarations are not qualified with the keyword buffered.
The table below can be used to determine which I/O operations are supported on XS1
ports, depending on whether or not the corresponding XC declaration is qualified with the
keyword buffered.

Operation
Mode Serialisation Strobing @ when
Unqualified   
buffered   

A compiler is required to detect and issue an error in the following cases:

• Serialisation: A port not qualified with buffered is declared with a transfer width
different from the port width.
• Strobing: A port not qualified with buffered is configured to use a ready-in or ready-out
signal.
• An input uses both @ and when: Both of these operators are used in an input statement
with a port whose declaration is not qualified with buffered.
4B& 4 05.01@@+31 3" 

8484 ;+.+<@+31
* L$K696LR6?= 6L UL$# BL$$ MDSC! R4$ R6;$ LA$6.$# Y  R6;$# 6=AUR LRR$;$=R K$?K#L R4$
R6;$ R W464 R4$ &24 6RL 6* #R K$ L;A9$#D 46L = K$LU9R 6= U=$XA$R$# $4V6?UK W4$=
L$K696LR6?= 6L UL$#! L6=$ R4$ ?=LRKUR6?=
=H
=
L 7% S J
C
L %1 TJ
!

UL$L R4$ ?URAUR ?= B R? LRKR R R4$ L;$ R6;$ L R4$ 6=AUR ?= H ?;A9$R$LD ? 6=AUR =#
?URAUR R46L #R 6= AK99$9! R4$ 6=AUR R6;$ L4?U9# $ ?+L$R 6= R4$ L?*RWK$ Y = ;?U=R
$FU9 R? R4$ R4$ RK=L*$K W6#R4 #6V6#$# Y R4$ A?KR W6#R4D

848B +0<@05+1'
4$ R6;$LR;A K$?K#$# Y = 6=AUR LRR$;$=R ;Y ?;$ *R$K R4$ R6;$ W4$= R4$ #R WL
L;A9$#D 46L 6L $UL$ R4$ @ AK?V6#$L L$AKR$ 6=LRKUR6?=L *?K 6=AURR6=2 #R =#
6=AURR6=2 R4$ R6;$LR;A! L? R4$ R6;$LR;A = $ 6=AUR *R$K R4$ =$XR #R 6L L;A9$#D 46L
6LLU$ 9L? +$RL ?URAUR LRR$;$=RL! UR #?$L =?R +$R 6=AURL A$K*?K;$# 6= R4$ 2UK#L ?* 
N,:,(S LRR$;$=RD
?;A69$K L4?U9# 6=AUR R4$ R6;$LR;A 6;;$#6R$9Y *R$K $X$UR6=2 =
6=AUR ?K ?URAUR 6=LRKUR6?=! L? 6= AKR6$ R46L $4V6?UK 6L KK$9Y L$$=D

848A 05.01@@+31*$1 )D+3C;

= RR$;AR R? 4=2$ R4$ #6K$R6?= ?*  A?KR FU96.$# W6R4 !V00,M,+ K$LU9RL 6= U=#$.=$#
$4V6?UKD

8B 4 3;@ +;;G /F<48)(

4$ 4$#$K .9$ ;ZNAF54 #$9K$L *U=R6?=L *?K ?=.2UK6=2 R4$ ;?#$ ?* ?A$KR6?= ?* A?KRL
=# *?K ?A$KR6=2 ?= R4$;D

8B84 .3- 31$'C;@+31

= @ #$V6$ AK?V6#$L  L6=29$ K$*$K$=$ 9?8 R4R R68L R  *K$FU$=Y #$K6V$# *K?; =
$XR$K=9 ?L6996?KD  K$FU6K$L R4$ LYLR$; #$L62=$K R? $=LUK$ R4R R4$ K$*$K$=$ 9?8 R68L R
@[[ Z *?K ?KK$R ?A$KR6?= ?* R6;$KLD
4 ?K$ AK?V6#$L  L$R ?* AK?2K;;9$ &*% &*%2! W464 = $ UL$# R? AK?#U$
9?8 L62=9L *?K A?KRLD
9?8 9?8 = UL$ $6R4$K  @56R A?KR ?K  #6V6#$# K$*$K$=$ 9?8D
4$ 4$#$K .9$ ;ZNAF54 AK?V6#$L  K$L?UK$ RYA$ (:@(9D
VK69$ ?* RYA$ (:@(9 ;ULR $
#$9K$# 29?99Y =# 6=6R696L$# W6R4  U=6FU$ 9?8 9?8 K$L?UK$ 6#$=R6.$K! L 6=
$6;$5 $ * <P  P< J

4$ =U;$K ?* 9?8 9?8L V699$ 6L 26V$= 6= R4$ #$V6$ #RL4$$RD 4$6K =;$L K$ L R4$
?V$ #$9KR6?=! =U;$K$# L$FU$=R699Y *K?; @D
4$ *U=R6?=L $9?W K$ UL$# R? ?=.2UK$  9?8 9?8D
8B 4 3;@ +;;G /F<48)( 4B%

X@7+ (@=073VM,W(:@(9WNM(C(:@(9 (:9* X@7+ B@MS BD

(@=073VM,W(:@(9WNM( ?=.2UK$L  9?8 R? UL$  @56R A?KR L 6RL L?UK$D * R4$
A?KR 6L =?R @56R W6#$! = $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D

X@7+ (@=073VM,WB@MSW(:@(9W@VSBVSCX@7+ B@MS B* (@=NS (:@(9 (:9D

(@=073VM,WB@MSW(:@(9W@VSBVS ?=.2UK$L  @56R A?KR R? #K6V$  9?8 L62=9D
* R4$ A?KR 6L =?R @56R W6#$! = $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D * R4$ 9?8 6L 6=R$K=99Y5
2$=$KR$# =# 4L  KR$ ?* @[[ Z! =? ?URAUR 6L #K6V$=D $K*?K;6=2 6=AURL ?K
?URAURL ?=  A?KR ?=.2UK$# 6= R46L ;?#$ K$LU9RL 6= U=#$.=$# $4V6?UKD

(@=073VM,W(:@(9WMS,C(:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ * V=N73=,+ !D


46L *U=R6?= ?=.2UK$L  9?8 R? KU= R  KR$ ?*  ZD * R4$ LA$6.$# KR$ 6L
=?R LUAA?KR$# Y R4$ 4K#WK$! = $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D 4$ 4K#WK$ LUAA?KRL 
KR$ ?* @[[ Z =# KR$L ?* R4$ *?K; B/[Q(C Z W4$K$ ( 6L 6= R4$ K=2$ @ R? T//
6=9UL6V$D
@[[ Z K$*$K$=$ 9?8 6L K$FU6K$# *?K ?KK$R ?A$KR6?=D

X@7+ (@=073VM,W(:@(9WMS,WSW<@NSC(:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ * V=N73=,+ !D

X@7+ (@=073VM,W(:@(9WSW:,NSC(:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ (5M +7X7+,D
4$L$ *U=R6?=L ?=.2UK$  9?8 R? KU= R R4$ *LR$LRQL9?W$LR =?=5Z$K? KR$
LUAA?KR$# Y R4$ 4K#WK$ R4R 6L 9$LL R4= ?K $FU9 R?  ZD
= $X$AR6?= 6L
K6L$# 6* =? KR$ LR6L.$L R46L K6R$K6?=D
@[[ Z K$*$K$=$ 9?8 6L K$FU6K$# *?K
?KK$R ?A$KR6?=D

X@7+ N,SW(:@(9W0::W+,:(:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ =D

X@7+ N,SW(:@(9WM7N,W+,:(:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ =D
4$L$ *U=R6?=L UL$ R4$ *996=2QK6L6=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8 R? $ #$9Y$# Y (
AK?$LL?K59?8 Y9$L $*?K$ 6R 6L L$$= Y =Y A?KR ?==$R$# R? R4$ 9?8D 4$
#$9Y ;ULR $  V9U$ 6= R4$ K=2$ [ R? /@T 6=9UL6V$D * R4$ 9?8 $#2$ 6L #$9Y$#
Y ;?K$ R4= R4$ 9?8 A$K6?#! =? *996=2QK6L6=2 $#2$L K$ L$$= Y =Y A?KR
?==$R$# R? R4$ 9?8D

X@7+ NSMSW(:@(9C(:@(9 (:9D

NSMSW(:@(9 UL$L R4$ 9?8 R? LRKR 2$=$KR6=2 $#2$L! =# K$L$RL R4$ ?U=R$KL
*?K 99 ?* R4$ A?KRL ?==$R$# R? R4$ 9?8 R? [D

X@7+ NS@BW(:@(9C(:@(9 (:9D

NS@BW(:@(9 UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69  9?8 6L 9?W =# R4$= AURL 6R 6=R?
 LR?AA$# LRR$ B6= W464 6R #?$L =?R 2$=$KR$ $#2$LCD

8B8B 3;@ 31$'C;@+31

4$ *U=R6?=L $9?W K$ UL$# R? 4=2$ R4$ ;?#$ ?* ?A$KR6?= ?*  A?KRD

X@7+ (@=073VM,W7=WB@MSCX@7+ B@MS B* (@=NS (:@(9 (:9D

X@7+ (@=073VM,W7=WB@MSWNSM@!,+W<NS,M
CX@7+ B@MS B* @VS B@MS M,+[@VS* (@=NS (:@(9 (:9D
X@7+ (@=073VM,W7=WB@MSWNSM@!,+WN:X,
CX@7+ B@MS B* 7= B@MS M,+[7=* (:@(9 (:9D
4B> 4 05.01@@+31 3" 

X@7+ (@=073VM,W7=WB@MSW5=+N59,
CX@7+ B@MS B* 7= B@MS M,+[7=* @VS B@MS M,+[@VS* (:@(9 (:9D
4$L$ *U=R6?=L ?=.2UK$  A?KR W6R4  LA$6.$# 9?8! K$#Y56= =# K$#Y5?UR
L62=9L 6= 6=AUR ;?#$D * $6R4$K R4$ K$#Y56= ?K K$#Y5?UR A?KRL K$ =?R @56R W6#$!
= $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D B$$ MDT =# MD@DC

X@7+ (@=073VM,W@VSWB@MSCX@7+ B@MS B* (@=NS (:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ 7=7S7:D

X@7+ (@=073VM,W@VSWB@MSWNSM@!,+W<NS,M
CX@7+ B@MS B* @VS B@MS M,+[@VS* (@=NS (:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ 7=7S7:D
X@7+ (@=073VM,W@VSWB@MSWNSM@!,+WN:X,
CX@7+ B@MS B* 7= B@MS M,+[7=* (:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ 7=7S7:D
X@7+ (@=073VM,W@VSWB@MSW5=+N59,
CX@7+ B@MS B* 7= B@MS M,+[7=* @VS B@MS M,+[@VS* (:@(9 (:9* V=N73=,+ 7=7S7:D
4$L$ *U=R6?=L ?=.2UK$  A?KR W6R4  LA$6.$# 9?8! K$#Y56= =# K$#Y5?UR
L62=9L 6= ?URAUR ;?#$! UL6=2 R4$ 6=6R69 V9U$ R? $ #K6V$= 6;;$#6R$9YD *
$6R4$K R4$ K$#Y56= ?K K$#Y5?UR A?KRL K$ =?R @56R W6#$! = $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D
B$$ MDT =# MD@DC

X@7+ N,SWB+W+,:X@7+ B@MS B* V=N73=,+ =D

N,SWB+W+,:[ L$RL  #$9Y ?= R4$ A6=L ?==$R$# R?  A?KRD 4$ 6=AUR L62=9L
L;A9$# ?= R4$ A?KRJL A6=L K$ #$9Y$# Y ( AK?$LL?K59?8 Y9$L $*?K$ R4$Y
K$ L$$= ?= R4$ A?KRD 4$ 4K#WK$ LUAA?KRL #$9Y V9U$L *K?; [ R? / 6=9UL6V$D
* ;U9R6A9$ $=9$# A?KRL K$ ?==$R$# R? R4$ L;$ A6= BL$$ MDSC! R4$ #$9Y ?=
R4R A6= 6L L$R R? R4R ?* R4$ 4624$LR AK6?K6RY A?KRD

X@7+ N,SWB@MSW7=XCX@7+ B@MS BD

X@7+ N,SWB@MSW=@W7=XCX@7+ B@MS BD
N,SWB@MSW7=X ?=.2UK$L  @56R A?KR R? 6=V$KR R4$ #R W464 6L L;A9$# =#
#K6V$= ?= 6RL A6=LD * R4$ A?KR 6L UL$# L R4$ L?UK$ *?K  9?8! L$RR6=2 R46L
;?#$ 4L R4$ $+$R ?* R4$ LWAA6=2 R4$ K6L6=2 =# *996=2 $#2$L ?* R4$ 9?8D
N,SWB@MSW=@W7=X $=LUK$L R4R R4$ A?KR #?$L =?R 6=V$KR R4$ #RD * R4$ A?KR 6L =?R
 @56R A?KR! = $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D

X@7+ N,SWB@MSWN<B:,W+,:X@7+ B@MS BD

X@7+ N,SWB@MSW=@WN<B:,W+,:X@7+ B@MS BD
4$L$ *U=R6?=L L$R R4$ L;A96=2 $#2$ ?*  A?KRD 4$ .KLR *U=R6?= L$RL R4$
L;A96=2 $#2$ R? R4$ *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ A?KRJL 9?8N L$?=# L$RL 6R R? R4$ K6L6=2
$#2$D * R4$ L;A9$ #$9Y 6L L$R R? R4$ *996=2 $#2$ ?* R4$ 9?8!  R6;$# 6=AUR
W6R4  K$#Y5?UR L62=9 UL$L R4$ K$#Y5?UR L62=9 R? $ #K6V$= R R4$ LA$6.$#
R6;$! =# R4$ 6=AUR R? $ ?;A9$R$#  L6=29$ A$K6?# 9R$KD

X@7+ N,SWB@MSW+M7X,CX@7+ B@MS BD

X@7+ N,SWB@MSWBV::WVBCX@7+ B@MS BD
4$L$ *U=R6?=L ?=.2UK$  A?KR R? $ 6= $6R4$K #K6V$ ?K AU995UA ;?#$ BY #$*U9R!
 A?KR 6L ?=.2UK$# 6= #K6V$ ;?#$! R4$ $4V6?UK ?* W464 6L #$LK6$# 6=

AA$=#6X CD = AU995UA ;?#$! W4$= R4$ A?KR 6L UL$# *?K 6=AUR! 6RL 6=R$K=9 AU995UA
K$L6LR?K 6L $=9$#D * R4$ A?KR 6L =?R @56R W6#$! V9U$L #K6V$= ?= R4$ A6=L K$
U=#$.=$#D ?K @56R A?KRL! = ?URAUR ?* [ UL$L R4$ A?KR R? #K6V$ 6RL A6= 9?W! =#
8B 4 3;@ +;;G /F<48)( 4B=

= ?URAUR ?* @ UL$L =? V9U$ R? $ #K6V$=N W4$= R4$ A6= 6L =?R #K6V6=2 #R! R4$
AU995UA K$L6LR?K $=LUK$L R4R R4$ V9U$ L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR 6L 4624D 4$ AU995UA
6L =?R LRK?=2 $=?U24 R? 2UK=R$$  #$.=$# $XR$K=9 V9U$D

8B8A 15C@ 1 C@5C@ 5;@+31<

X@7+ B7=N,HCX@7+ B@MS B* V=N73=,+ X:D
X@7+ B7=N=,HCX@7+ B@MS B* V=N73=,+ X:D
4$L$ *U=R6?=L K$FU$LR  ?=#6R6?=9 6=AUR *K?; R4$ A?KRD B$$ M D/DC 4$
*U=R6?=L ;ULR $ 99$# L R4$ Y5,= $XAK$LL6?= ?* = 6=AUR ?=  A?KR! ?;6RR6=2
R4$ A?KR *K?; R4$ 99D

X@7+ S7<,M0S,MCS7<,M S* V=N73=,+ X:D

S7<,M0S,M UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69 R4$ V9U$ ?* R4$ R6;$KJL ?U=R$K 6L
6=R$KAK$R$# L ?;6=2 *R$K R4$ LA$6.$# V9U$D 4$ R6;$
6L ?=L6#$K$# R? ?;$
*R$K R4$ R6;$  6* CC7=SDC 6
D  ]D 6L RKU$D 46L *U=R6?= ;ULR $ 99$# L
R4$ Y5,= $XAK$LL6?= ?* = 6=AUR ?=  R6;$K! ?;6RR6=2 R4$ R6;$K *K?; R4$ 99D

X@7+ BMS@VSCX@7+ B@MS B* V=N73=,+ !7SN* V=N73=,+ X:D

V=N73=,+ BMS@VSWS7<,NS<B,+CX@7+ B@MS B* V=N73=,+ !7SN* V=N73=,+ X:D
V=N73=,+ BMS@VSWS7<,+CX@7+ B@MS B* V=N73=,+ !7SN* V=N73=,+ X:* V=N73=,+ SD
4$L$ *U=R6?=L ?URAUR R4$ 9$LR L62=6.=R #42 6RL ?* 6& R? R4$ LA$6.$# A?KRN
R4$ L$?=# *U=R6?= R6;$LR;AL R4$ ?URAURN R4$ R46K# *U=R6?= UL$L R4$ ?URAUR
R? $ #K6V$= W4$= R4$ A?KR ?U=R$K $FU9L R4$ LA$6.$# R6;$D 4$ A?KR ;ULR $
#$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K !V00,M,+D 4$ =U;$K ?* 6RL ;ULR $ 9$LL R4= R4$
RK=L*$K W6#R4 ?* R4$ A?KR! 2K$R$K R4= Z$K? =#  ;U9R6A9$ ?* R4$ A?KR W6#R4!
?R4$KW6L$ = $X$AR6?= 6L K6L$#D

V=N73=,+ ,=+7=CX@7+ B@MS BD

,=+7= UL$L R4$ A?KR R? $=# R4$ UKK$=R 6=AUR ?=  A?KRD 4$ A?KR ;ULR $
#$9K$# W6R4 R4$ FU96.$K !V00,M,+D 4$ =U;$K ?* 6RL L;A9$# Y R4$ A?KR
UR =?R Y$R 6=AUR Y R4$ AK?$LL?K 6L K$RUK=$#! W464 6=9U#$L =Y #R 6= R4$
  ?K L$K696LR6?= K$26LR$KD UL$FU$=R 6=AURL ?= R4$ A?KR UL$ R4$ A?KR R?
AK?V6#$ RK=L*$K5W6#R4 6RL ?* #R U=R69 R4$K$ 6L 9$LL R4= ?=$ RK=L*$K5W6#R4 6RL
?* #R K$;6=6=2D
=Y K$;6=6=2 #R = $ K$# W6R4 ?=$ *UKR4$K 6=AUR! W464
AK?V6#$L RK=L*$K5W6#R4 6RL ?* #R W6R4 R4$ K$;6=6=2 U+$K$# #R 6= R4$ ;?LR
L62=6.=R 6RL ?* R46L V9U$D

X@7+ N[=(CX@7+ B@MS BD

N[=( UL$L R4$ AK?$LL?K R? W6R U=R69  A?KR 4L #K6V$= 99 A$=#6=2 ?URAURL =#
R4$ 9LR A?KR5W6#R4 6RL ?* #R 4L $$= 4$9# ?= R4$ A6=L *?K ?=$ 9?8 A$K6?#D

X@7+ (:,M!V0CX@7+ B@MS BD

(:,M!V0 UL$L R4$ A?KR R? #6LK# =Y #R 6= 6RL  D * R4$ A?KR 6L UKK$=R9Y
#K6V6=2 #R ?= 6RL A6=L! R4$ #R ?=R6=U$L R? $ #K6V$=N 6* R4$ A?KR 6L L$K695
6L6=2 ?URAUR! R4$ UKK$=R #R ?=R6=U$L R? $ #K6V$= W6R4 =Y K$;6=6=2 #R
#6LK#$#D
4B 4 05.01@@+31 3" 

V=N73=,+ B,,9CX@7+ B@MS BD

B,,9 UL$L R4$ A?KR R? L;A9$ R4$ UKK$=R V9U$ ?= 6RL A6=LD 4$ A?KR AK?V6#$L
R4$ L;A9$# A?KR5W6#R4 6RL ?* #R R? R4$ AK?$LL?K 6;;$#6R$9Y! K$2K#9$LL ?*
6RL RK=L*$K W6#R4! 9?8! K$#Y L62=9L =# U+$K6=2D 4$ 6=AUR 4L =? $+$R ?=
LUL$FU$=R Q A$K*?K;$# ?= R4$ A?KRD

8A 5+"G+1' 3;@*@3*+1 55+1'<

= @ #$V6$L! A6=L K$ UL$# R? 6=R$K*$ W6R4 $XR$K=9 ?;A?=$=RL V6 A?KRL =# R? ?=LRKUR
96=8L R? ?R4$K #$V6$L ?V$K W464 4==$9L K$ $LR96L4$#D 4$ A?KRL K$ ;U9R6A9$X$#!
99?W6=2 R4$ A6=L R? $ ?=.2UK$# *?K UL$ Y A?KRL ?* #6+$K$=R W6#R4LD 9$ 26V$L R4$ @
A?KR5R?5A6= ;AA6=2! W464 6L 6=R$KAK$R$# L *?99?WL
 4$ =;$ ?* $4 A6= 6L 26V$= 6= R4$ *?K;R !% W4$K$  6L  V96# ?K$ =U;$K
*?K R4$ #$V6$ =# !% $X6LRL 6= R4$ R9$D 4$ A4YL69 A?L6R6?= ?* R4$ A6= #$A$=#L ?=
R4$ A826=2 =# 6L 26V$= 6= R4$ #$V6$ #RL4$$RD
 4 96=8 6L 6#$=R6.$# Y  9$RR$K
5D 4$ W6K$L ?*  96=8 K$ 6#$=R6.$# Y ;$=L ?* 
LUA$KLK6AR$# #626R [51D
 4 A?KR 6L 6#$=R6.$# Y 6RL W6#R4 BR4$ .KLR =U;$K @! 1! %! @P ?K STC =#  9$RR$K R4R
#6LR6=2U6L4$L ;U9R6A9$ A?KRL ?* R4$ L;$ W6#R4 B
5CD 4$L$ =;$L ?KK$LA?=# R? A?KR
6#$=R6.$KL 6= R4$ 4$#$K .9$ ;ZNAF54 B*?K $X;A9$ A?KR @
?KK$LA?=#L R? R4$ 6#$=R6.$K
AWWA
CD 4$ 6=#6V6#U9 6RL ?* R4$ A?KR K$ 6#$=R6.$# Y ;$=L ?*  LUA$KLK6AR$#
#626R [5S@D
 4$ R9$ 6L #6V6#$# 6=R? L6X K?WL B?K (%2CD 4$ .KLR *?UK =8L AK?V6#$  L$9$R6?= ?*
@! 1 =# %56R A?KRL! W6R4 R4$ 9LR RW? =8L $=96=2 R4$ L6=29$ ST56R A?KRD 6+$K$=R
A826=2 ?AR6?=L ;Y $XA?KR #6+$K$=R =U;$KL ?* =8LN R4$ @P56R =# ST56R A?KRL
K$ =?R V699$ ?= L;99 #$V6$LD
4$ A?KRL UL$# Y  AK?2K; K$ #$R$K;6=$# Y R4$ L$R ?*  A?KR #$9KR6?=LD ?K $X;A9$!
R4$ #$9KR6?=
;9 IL'$;H( "V# % 49 =;HL = * <P P<
J
UL$L R4$ @56R A?KR @
?= ?K$ [! W464 6L ?==$R$# R? A6= [[[D
LU99Y R4$ #$L62=$K L4?U9# $=LUK$ R4R R4$K$ 6L =? ?V$K9A $RW$$= R4$ A6=L ?* R4$
#$9K$# A?KRL! UR R4$ AK$$#$=$ 4L $$= #$L62=$# L? R4R! 6* K$FU6K$#! A?KR6?=L ?* R4$
W6#$K A?KRL = $ UL$# W4$= ?V$K9AA6=2 =KK?W$K A?KRL K$ UL$#D 4$ A?KRL R? R4$ 9$*R ?*
R4$ R9$ 4V$ AK$$#$=$ ?V$K A?KRL R? R4$ K624RD * RW? A?KRL K$ #$9K$# R4R L4K$ R4$
L;$ A6=! R4$ =KK?W$K A?KR R8$L AK6?K6RYD ?K $X;A9$
;9 IL'$;H( "N# % ;OL =;HL =< * <P PMN
J
;9 IL'$;H( "N# % ;OL =;HL =N * <P P) J
;9 IL'$;H( "N# % ;OL =;HL =M * <P P. J
= R46L $X;A9$
 Q ?= A?KR BA UL$L A6=L T[T R? T[> =# T1> R? TO[D
 Q ?= A?KR BU UL$L A6=L T@P R? T@>N 6=AURR6=2 *K?; BU K$LU9RL 6= U=#$.=$# V9U$L
6= 6RL [! @! P =# OD
 Q ?= A?KR BT UL$L A6=L T@1! T@/! TT[ =# TT@N 6=AURR6=2 *K?; BA K$LU9RL
6= U=#$.=$# V9U$L 6= 6RL T%5S@! =# W4$= ?URAURR6=2 R4$L$ 6RL K$ =?R #K6V$=D
 Table I
Available ports and links for each pin
⇐ highest Precedence lowest ⇒
Pin link 1-bit ports 4-bit ports 8-bit ports 16-bit ports 32-bit port
XnD00 1A
XnD01 A4 in/out 1B
XnD02 A3 in/out 4A0 8A0 16A0 32A20
XnD03 A2 in/out 4A1 8A1 16A1 32A21
XnD04 A1 in/out 4B 0 8A2 16A2 32A22
XnD05 A0 in/out 4B 1 8A3 16A3 32A23
XnD06 A0 out/in 4B 2 8A4 16A4 32A24
XnD07 A1 out/in 4B 3 8A5 16A5 32A25
XnD08 A2 out/in 4A2 8A6 16A6 32A26
XnD09 A3 out/in 4A3 8A7 16A7 32A27
XnD10 A4 out/in 1C
XnD11 1D
XnD12 1E
XnD13 B4 in/out 1F
XnD14 B3 in/out 4C 0 8B 0 16A8 32A28
XnD15 B2 in/out 4C 1 8B 1 16A9 32A29
XnD16 B1 in/out 4D 0 8B 2 16A10
XnD17 B0 in/out 4D 1 8B 3 16A11
XnD18 B0 out/in 4D 2 8B 4 16A12
XnD19 B1 out/in 4D 3 8B 5 16A13
XnD20 B2 out/in 4C 2 8B 6 16A14 32A30
XnD21 B3 out/in 4C 3 8B 7 16A15 32A31
XnD22 B4 out/in 1G
XnD23 1H
XnD24 1I
XnD25 1J
XnD26 4E 0 8C 0 16B 0
XnD27 4E 1 8C 1 16B 1
XnD28 4F 0 8C 2 16B 2
XnD29 4F 1 8C 3 16B 3
XnD30 4F 2 8C 4 16B 4
XnD31 4F 3 8C 5 16B 5
XnD32 4E 2 8C 6 16B 6
XnD33 4E 3 8C 7 16B 7
XnD34 1K
XnD35 1L

XnD36 1M 8D 0 16B 8
XnD37 1N 8D 1 16B 9
XnD38 1O 8D 2 16B 10
XnD39 1P 8D 3 16B 11
XnD40 8D 4 16B 12
XnD41 8D 5 16B 13
XnD42 8D 6 16B 14
XnD43 8D 7 16B 15

XnD49 C4 in/out 32A0

XnD50 C3 in/out 32A1
XnD51 C2 in/out 32A2
XnD52 C1 in/out 32A3
XnD53 C0 in/out 32A4
XnD54 C0 out/in 32A5
XnD55 C1 out/in 32A6
XnD56 C2 out/in 32A7
XnD57 C3 out/in 32A8
XnD58 C4 out/in 32A9

XnD61 D4 in/out 32A10

XnD62 D3 in/out 32A11
XnD63 D2 in/out 32A12
XnD64 D1 in/out 32A13
XnD65 D0 in/out 32A14
XnD66 D0 out/in 32A15
XnD67 D1 out/in 32A16
XnD68 D2 out/in 32A17
XnD69 D3 out/in 32A18
XnD70 D4 out/in 32A19
4AI 4 05.01@@+31 3" 

8& )11. 300C1+@+31

= L?;$ K$V6L6?=L ?* R4$ @ K46R$RUK$! 6R 6L =?R A?LL69$ R? 6=AUR #R ?* L6Z$ 9$LL R4= ST
6RL *K?;  LRK$;6=2 4==$9 6= R4$ 2UK# ?*  N,:,(S LRR$;$=RD

8% @ G5<

4$ L6Z$ =# 962=;$=R ?* JL #R RYA$L K$ =?R LA$6.$# Y R4$ 9=2U2$D 46L 99?WL
R4$ L6Z$ ?* 7=S R? $ L$R R? R4$ =RUK9 W?K# L6Z$ ?* R4$ RK2$R #$V6$! $=LUK6=2 R4$ *LR$LR
A?LL69$ A$K*?K;=$ *?K ;=Y ?;AURR6?=LD R 9L? 99?WL R4$ 962=;$=R R? $ L$R W6#$
$=?U24 R? $=9$ $,6$=R ;$;?KY 9?#L =# LR?K$LD 9$ 26V$L R4$ L6Z$ =# 962=;$=R
?* R4$ #R RYA$L LA$6.$# Y R4$  
AA96R6?= 6=KY =R$K*$ %! W464 AK?V6#$L 
LR=#K# 6=R$K*$ *?K 96=86=2 ?7$RL ?;A69$# *K?; ?R4  =# D = ##6R6?=

 4$ (5M RYA$ 6L Y #$*U9R U=L62=$#D

 4$ RYA$L (5M! N5@MS =# 7=S ;Y $ LA$6.$# 6=  6R5.$9#JL #$9KR6?=D
 ,=V< 6R5.$9#L K$ U=L62=$# U=9$LL R4$ $=U; 4L =$2R6V$ V9U$LD

Z$K?5W6#R4 6R5.$9# *?K$L A##6=2 U=R69 R4$ =$XR 6R5?+L$R 962=$# W6R4 R4$ 6R5.$9#JL
#$9K$# RYA$D
 4$ =?R6?=9 RK=L*$K RYA$ ?*  A?KR 6L V=N73=,+ 7=S BST 6RLCD
 4$ =?R6?=9 ?U=R$K RYA$ ?*  A?KR 6L V=N73=,+ N5@MS B@P 6RLCD
 4$ =?R6?=9 ?U=R$K RYA$ ?*  R6;$K 6L V=N73=,+ 7=S BST 6RLCD

  
 
      @  

, 2$ 3
 /$$"',   

%,(& %,(&  
(5M % %   4KR$K RYA$
N5@MS @P @P   4?KR 6=R$2$K
7=S ST ST   R6V$ 6=R$2$K
:@=3 ST ST   ?=2 6=R$2$K
:@=3 :@=3 P1 ST   ?=2 9?=2 6=R$2$K
0:@S ST ST   ST56R  0?R
+@V!:, P1 ST   P156R  0?R
:@=3 +@V!:, P1 ST   P156R  0?R
X@7+  ST ST   R A?6=R$K
B@MS ST ST   ?KR
S7<,M ST ST   6;$K
(5=,=+ ST ST   4==$9 $=#
 +.+3';5)G

@ V6# YD !   +
1!#4451D   6;6R$#! T[[>D

T ?U29L RR =# UW $##$LD !   **&2 21 5#D   6;6R$#! T[[>D

S $R$K $#6=2$K =#
96 6X?= =# ?LL W$= =# $69 64K#L =# V6#
Y =# $=8 U99$KD @ ?KRL UL$ =# LA$6.R6?=D $L6R$! T[[%D -GG9"
FFNNN=O47D=!74F9K2/D-%$FOD8.97CGD9%!D
1 6R46 @1 $K6$L D $L6R$! T[[%D -GG9"FFNNN=)CC%22=!74F$GD-%%GDF
E8*HH=9$)D
/  %[TDS $R6?= TD $L6R$! T[[%D -GG9"FFDG5$C$D=/%%%=7C+F+%G/%%%&RJF
$7N527$F&RJ=H.JRR*LD%!G/75J=9$)D
P K6= D $K=624= =# $==6L D 6R46$D !  ,1* 1''#( &( 5 D K$=R6$
99 K$LL! AA$K ##9$ 6V$K!  ! 
! @>%%D

O =R$K=R6?=9 K2=6ZR6?= *?K R=#K#6ZR6?=D  3 )))+))) 1* 1'"

'#( ( 5 2  D 69$Y! $LR ULL$X! =29=#! $$;$K @>>>D

% ?U29L RR =# 64K# L?K=$ =# KR6= ?U=2D   @ ST56R
AA965
R6?= 6=KY =R$K*$D $L6R$! T[[>D -GG9"FFNNN=O47D=!74F9K2/D-%$F/6ED
 Index

0... octal constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68 @ timestamp operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 92–94

0x... hexadecimal constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68 - unary minus operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
+ addition operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 + unary plus operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
= assignment operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 _ underscore character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
+= assignment operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 \0 null character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 69
\\ backslash character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 69
0b... binary constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68 A
& bitwise AND operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 \a alert character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
^ bitwise exclusive OR operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 abstract declarator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
| bitwise inclusive OR operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 addition operator, + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
, comma operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 additive operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
?: conditional operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 aliasing, illegal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14, 76
... declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76, 89, 100 alignment restriction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 77
-- decrement operator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74–77 ambiguity, if-else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 96
/ division operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 argument function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75
=> enabling operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 96 argument list, void . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
== equality operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 argument promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
>= greater equal operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 argument, definition of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 75
> greater than operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 arithmetic conversions, usual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
++ increment operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74–77 arithmetic types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
!= inequality operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 array declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 87
:> input operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 92 array declarator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
:> >> input shift right operator . . . . . 20, 92–94 array initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 90
<< left shift operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 array name, conversion of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
<= less equal operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 array reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
< less than operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 array subscripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 88
&& logical AND operator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 array, initialisation of two-dimensional . . . . . . 2
! logical negation operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 array, multi-dimensional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 88
|| logical OR operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 array, storage order of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 88
% modulus operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 assignment expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
* multiplication operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 assignment operator, = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
~ one’s complement operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 assignment operator,+= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
<: output operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 93 assignment operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
<: >> output shift right operator. . .19, 93–94 assignment, conversion by. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82
’ quote character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 associativity of operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
" quote character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 auto storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
& reference operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87–88 automatic storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
>> right shift operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 79 automatic variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
. structure member operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 automatics, initialisation of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
- subtraction operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 automatics, scope of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
@ time operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 92–94
134 Index

B configure_clock_rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40, 125

\b backspace character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 configure_clock_rate_at_least . . . . . . . . . . 125
backslash character, \\ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 69 configure_clock_rate_at_most . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
basic types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 configure_clock_src . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 125
binary constant, 0b... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68 configure_in_port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 125
bitwise AND operator, & . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 configure_in_port_handshake . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
bitwise exclusive OR operator, ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 configure_in_port_strobed_master . . . . . . . . 59
bitwise inclusive OR operator, | . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 configure_in_port_strobed_slave . . . . 58, 125
bitwise operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 configure_out_port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 126
block structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 95 configure_out_port_handshake . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
block, initialisation in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 95 configure_out_port_strobed_master . . . . . 126
break statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 98 configure_out_port_strobed_slave . . . . . . . 126
buffered port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49–52, 118 configure_port_clock_output . . . . . . . . . 40, 125
declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 configuring an external clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 118 const qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 72, 84
buffered qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 84 constant expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
constant suffix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68
C constant, type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3, 68
call by reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75 constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68
call by value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9, 75 continue statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8, 97
carriage return character, \r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72–73
case label . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 21, 96 by assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
case study by cast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Ethernet MII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59–65 by return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
LCD screen driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 conversion of array name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
UART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18–23 conversions, usual arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
cast operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 90 core declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
cast, conversion by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 core type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 84
chan type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 71, 84
chanend type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 71, 84, 130 D
changing direction of port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 data-valid signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 58
channel communication semantics . . . . 31, 102 declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82–89
channel declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 85 array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 87
channel input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 buffered port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
channel output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 85
channel, streaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–35, 46 clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 124
char type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 70, 84, 130 core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
character constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 external . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
character, signed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 70 external variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
clearbuf library function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53, 127 function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 nullable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 88
clock block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 124 port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 85, 87, 123
clock declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 124 reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
clock type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40, 124 service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
clock, generating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
clocked port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–47, 112 structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
clocked port semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 112 timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
coercion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see cast type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
comma operator, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 typedef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 91
comment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
compound statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 declarator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87–89
concatenation, string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
concurrency statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 98 array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
conditional input . . . . . . . . . . . see when condition function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
conditional operator, ?: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 nullable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Index 135

reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 file scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see internal linkage

decrement operator, -- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74–77 for statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 97
default initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 fork-join parallelism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
default label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7, 96 function
definition declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75 select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–25, 100
external variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 transaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 99 function argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75
parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75 function call semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 function call syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
tentative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 function declarator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
definition of storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 function definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 99
dereference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see pass by reference function prototype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 76
derived types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
deterministic thread performance . . . . . . . iii, 37 G
disjointness, variable . 4, 28–32, 75, 82, 92–94, generating a clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
98 greater equal operator, >= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
division operator, / . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 greater than operator, > . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
do statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 97 guarded statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
driving output data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
H
E header file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
else . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see if-else statement hexadecimal constant, 0x... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68
enabling operator, => . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 96 hexadecimal escape sequence \x . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
endin library function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 127
enum specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 130 I
enumeration constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68–69, 86 identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
enumeration tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 if-else ambiguity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 96
enumeration type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 if-else statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 96
enumerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 illegal aliasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 14, 76
equality operator, == . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 in qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 72, 84, 94
equality operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 #include . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
equivalence, type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 incomplete type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
escape sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3, 69 increment operator, ++ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74–77
escape sequences, table of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 inequality operator, != . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Ethernet MII case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59–65 initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 89
evaluation, order of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 73 by string literal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 90
expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 73–82 default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
expression statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 92 in block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 95
expression, assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 of array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 90
expression, constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 of automatic variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
expression, parenthesised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 of external variables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
expression, primary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 of static variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
extern storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 of structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
external clock, configuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 of union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
external declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 initialisation of two-dimensional array . . . . . . . 2
external linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84, 101 inline specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
external variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 input
declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 from channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 from port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 94, 111–122
initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 from timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 timed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
timestamped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
F to void . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 18
\f formfeed character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 input operator, :> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 92
136 Index

input shift right operator, :> >> . . . . .20, 92–94 name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

input statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92–95 name space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
int type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84, 130 notional counter type, of port . . . . . . . . . . 71, 130
integer constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 notional counter type, of timer . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
integral promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 notional transfer type, of port . . . . . . . . . 71, 130
integral types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 null character, \0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 69
internal linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 101 null constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 68–69
invalid operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 102 null statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
isnull operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 77–78 nullable declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 88
iteration statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 nullable declarator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
nullable operator, ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 87–88
J
jump statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 O
object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
K octal constant, 0... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68
keywords, list of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 on specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
on statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28, 98
L one’s complement operator, ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
label, case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 21, 96 operators
label, default . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 96 additive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
labelled statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
LCD screen driver, case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 bitwise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
left shift operator, << . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 equality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
less equal operator, <= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 multiplicative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
less than operator, < . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 relational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
lexical conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 shift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
lexical scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 operators, associativity of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
linkage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 operators, precedence of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 73
external . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84, 101 operators, table of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
internal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 101 order of evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 73
logical AND operator, && . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 out qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 72, 84, 93
logical negation operator, ! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 output
logical OR operator, || . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 timed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
long type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84, 130 timestamped . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see while, do, for to channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
lvalue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 to port. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14, 94, 111–122
lvalue, modifiable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 output operator, <: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 93
output shift right operator, <: >> . . 19, 93–94
M output statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92–95
main function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 28 overflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
master statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 99
member name, structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 P
missing storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 par replicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 98
missing type specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 par statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 98
modifiable lvalue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 parallel usage rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28–32, 98
modulus operator,% . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75
multi-dimensional array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 88 parameter, definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75
multi-tasking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 parenthesised expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
multiple assignment statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . .92 partout library function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62, 127
multiple return statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 98 partout_timed library function . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
multiplication operator, * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 partout_timestamped library function . . . . . 127
multiplicative operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 pass by reference, argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75
pass by value, argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 75
N peek library function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
\n newline character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 3, 69 pin-to-port mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Index 137

pinseq library function. . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 121, 127 replicator, select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 96

pinsneq library function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 127 reservation of storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
<platform.h> header file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 28 reserved identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
port resource types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
buffered . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49–52, 118 return statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 98
changing direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 return, type conversion by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
clocked . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39–47, 112 right shift operator, >> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 79
notional counter type . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 130
notional transfer type . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 130 S
raw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 sampling input data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
serialised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55–56, 116 scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
shift register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 scope of automatics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
strobed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–59, 114 scope of externals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
transfer width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 71 scope rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 56, 71 scope, lexical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
port declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 85, 87, 123 select function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–25, 100
port input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 94, 111–122 select replicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 96
port output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 94, 111–122 select statement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21, 34, 96
port type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 71, 84, 130 selection statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
port:n type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 56, 71, 84 sequencing of statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 91
port-to-pin mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 serialised port semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116, 124
ports, precedence of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 serialising port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55–56, 116
ports, synchronising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
precedence of operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 73 service declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
precedence of ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 service storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84
predicate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see when condition set_clock_fall_delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
predictable thread performance . . . . . . . . . iii, 37 set_clock_rise_delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
preprocessor name, __XC__ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 set_pad_delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
primary expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 set_port_drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
printf C library function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 set_port_inv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
program scope . . . . . . . . . . . . see external linkage set_port_no_inv . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
promotion, argument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 set_port_no_sample_delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
promotion, integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 set_port_pull_up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126
prototype, function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 76 set_port_sample_delay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
shared memory . . . . . . see variable disjointness
Q shift operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
qualifier, type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 short type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84, 130
quote character, ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 side effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
quote character, " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 sign extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
signed character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 70
R signed type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84
\r carriage return character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 size of structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
raw port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 sizeof operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77–78
ready-in strobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57, 114 slave statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33, 99
ready-out strobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 114 specifier
reference clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 124 auto storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
reference declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 enum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 130
reference declarator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 extern storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
reference generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 inline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
reference operator, & . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87–88 missing storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
register storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
reinterpret operator . . . . . . . . . 12, 74, 76, 77, 90 register storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
reinterpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 service storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84
relational operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 static storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
replicator, par . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 98 storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
138 Index

struct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 T
type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 \t tab character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 table of escape sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
standard output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 table of operators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
start_clock library function . . . . . . . . . . . 41, 125 tag
statements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91–99 enumeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
statements, sequencing of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 91 structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
static storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
static storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 tentative definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
static variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 thread, deterministic performance. . . . . . .iii, 37
statics, initialisation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 threading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see par statement
stdcore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 time operator, @ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 92–94
stop_clock library function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 timed input. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
storage class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 timed output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
declaration of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 timer declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
definition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 timer input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 timer type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16, 17, 71, 84, 130
storage class specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 timer, notional counter type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 timerafter library function . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 127
extern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 timestamp operator, @ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 92, 94
missing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 timestamped input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 timestamped output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70, 84 timing semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 124
static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 token . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
storage order of array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 88 transaction function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
storage, definition of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 transaction keyword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34, 83, 100
storage, reservation of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 transaction statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–34, 99
stream . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–35, 46 transactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
streaming qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 84 transfer width, of port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 71
string concatenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 translation unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67, 99, 101
string literal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 69 type conversion by return . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
string literal, initialisation by . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 90 type conversion operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see cast
string, type of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 74 type conversion rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
strobed port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57–59, 114 type declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
strobed port semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 type equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
struct specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 type names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
structure declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 type of constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68
structure initialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 type of string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 74
structure member name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 type qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
structure member operator, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 type specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
structure reference semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 type specifier, missing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
structure reference syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 type, incomplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
structure tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 typedef declaration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84, 91
structure, size of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 types
subscripting, array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 88 arithmetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
subtraction operator, - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 basic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
suffix, constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 68 derived . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
switch statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 96 integral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
sync library function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 127 resource. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
synchronising ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
syntax notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 U
syntax of variable names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 UART case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18–23
unary minus operator, - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
unary plus operator, + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Index 139

underscore character _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
union declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
union specifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
union tag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
union unitialisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
unsigned char type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
unsigned character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 70
unsigned constant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
unsigned type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 70, 84
usual arithmetic conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

V
\v vertical tab character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
variable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2, 70
automatic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
external . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
static . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
variable disjointness4, 28–32, 75, 82, 92–94, 98
variable names, syntax of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
void argument list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
void port type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 73, 85
void type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 9, 11, 71, 73, 84
volatile qualifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

W
when condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 93–94
while statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, 97
white space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

X
\x hexadecimal escape sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
<xs1.h> header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
XS1_PORT_nX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 128