ECN-505 Random Variables - 127 - 152 - Random Process
ECN-505 Random Variables - 127 - 152 - Random Process
2.
3.
Hermitian Symmetry of correlation and Covariance
functions
Notes:
1. Each correlation or covariance matrix of a random vector must be positive
definite.
2. The two-dimensional function g(t,s) is positive semidefinite if for all N>0 and
all t1<t2…<tN.
135
Power Spectral Density
• Let the infinitely long time series u(n) denote a single
realization of the process. Windowed portion of this time
series is given by writing
136
Power Spectral Density
Complex conjugate of u N (n) can be given by
N
U N *(w ) = å u N *(k) e jw k
k=- N
From previous 2 equations,
N N
åå
2
U N (w ) = u N (n)u N *(k) e jw (n-k )
n=- N k=- N
137
Power Spectral Density
N N
E U N (w ) ù = å å E éëu N (n)u N * (k) ùûe- jw (n-k )
é 2
ë û n=- N k=- N
N N
E é U N (w ) ù = å å r(n - k)e- jw (n-k )
2
ë û n=- N k=- N
138
Power Spectral Density
1 é N
æ lö
E U N (w ) = å ç 1- ÷ r(l)e- jw l
ù
2
N ë û l=- N è N ø
ìæ l ö
ïç 1- ÷ ; l £ N
w B (l) = íè N ø
ï0 l ³ N;
î
139
Power Spectral Density
If N is very high ¥
1 é
lim E U N (w ) ù = å r(l)e- jw l
2
N®¥ N ë û l=-¥
Based on above expression, we can define a quantity
1 é
S(w ) = lim E U N (w ) ù
2
N®¥ N ë û
140
LTI system with random input
A linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be represented by its impulse
response. If X(t) is the input signal to the system, the output, Y(t), can
be written as
Power Spectrum Density of LTI output
Input/ Output Relations for WSS Sequences and
Linear Systems
Example: