A
TECHNICAL REPORT
ON
STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)
UNDERTAKEN AT
MBARA OZIOMA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
ICT UNIT
BY
CHIMAUZO CHIMDIKE OBIJURU
MATRIC NO: ND/CSET/22/006
SUBMITTED TO
THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MBARA OZIOMA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, EHIME MBANO IMO
STATE
IN
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD
OF NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY.
4TH FEBRUARY 2025
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I like to thank God Almighty for his perseverance to me, my parents for the
privilege they have given me even though things are hard for them, Engr.
Ifeanyi, for his knowledge, patient and understanding he endured throughout
the course of my IT with him
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DEDICATION
I like to dedicate this report to God Almighty for his grace and mercy
towards me and giving me the strength to write this report and to all students
who might find difficulty in their studies, hopefully this will help ease up the
pressure.
I would also thank all my friends whom in one way or another helped me on
this training and in future academic adventures.
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CHAPTER ONE
STRUCTURE AND MANAGEMENT OF THE ORGANIZATION
Mbara Ozioma College of Technology (MOCTEC) is made up of
Governing Committee:
Determine the educational character and academic direction of the university; approve
the mission and strategies aims of the university including the strategic framework, and the key
indicators of the school performance. They are charged with the general control and
superintendent of the policy, finances and property of the university including its public relations.
Rector:
Calls and chairs the academic senate and the board of governors; monitors the
functioning of the college and services offered; exercise disciplinary powers, over professors,
lecturers, and students, assisted by the board, meeting the deans.
Registrar:
The registrar is the chief administrative officer of the college for which he appoints
officers to act on his behalf. He processes registration requests, schedules classes and
maintains class lists, enforces the rules for entering and leaving classes, and keeps a
permanent record of grades and marks.
Dean of Academics:
They verify the adequacy of instruction, monitor academic integrity, confer degrees and
are responsible for student recruitment, admission, and academic progress.
Dean of Student Affairs
Resolve student complaints, problems, and conflicts; analyze, apply, and explain laws,
regulations, and policies to students and student body; advise all groups and clubs and assure
delivery of adequate health care and legal services; and address students behavior.
HoDs
The prime role of the Head of the Departments is to provide strong academic leadership;
manage and develop the department to ensure it achieves the highest possible standards of
excellence in all its activities.
Director of Exams and Record:
Maintenance of student files and records; custodian of post examination answer
booklets, questions and marking schemes; supervisors the conduct, monitoring and provision of
other logistic support for all institute examinations.
Director of Works
Direct works and maintenance operations by identifying requirements, predicating or
forecasting needed resources provide oversight functions for minor construction projects, capital
projects repairs or improvement and daily repairs tasks.
Director of SIWES:
Supervise and monitor students on industrial attachment.
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DIRECTOR OF ICT
To handle and coordinate those ICT services that are integrated within the university’s
ICT infrastructure; define a control and management structure for the development and
execution of ICT policies, strategies and services.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER TWO: WEBSITE DESIGN
Introduction to website design
Key component of a website
Types of websites
What is website design
Breakdown
Key aspects of website design
Elements of website design
Tools and technologies used in web design
CHAPTER THREE: WORDPRESS
What is wordpress
Two versions of wordpress
Getting started with wordpress
Themes and plugins
Key aspect of wordpress themes
Choosing a wordpress theme
Plugins
Why we use plugins
Types of plugin
CHAPTER FOUR: DOMAIN AND HOSTING
Why domains are important
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Domain name and hosting
Component of domain
Hosting
Types of hosting
CHAPTER FIVE: WEBSITE BUILDING
Building a website with wordpress
Technical foundation of wordpress
Relation between coding and wordpress
CHAPTER SIX: DIGITAL MARKETING
Introduction to digital marketing
Projects I worked on
Problem statement
Literature review
Summary
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CHAPTER TWO
INTRODUCTION TO WEBSITE DESIGN
A website is essentially a collection of web pages and related content that are all
linked together and accessible under a single domain name. Think of it like a book,
where the website is the book itself, and each individual web page is a chapter
within that book.
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Collection of Web Pages: A website is made up of multiple web pages, which are
individual documents containing text, images, videos, and other multimedia
elements. These pages are all connected through hyperlinks, allowing users to
navigate between them. A major future of a website is that it has a unique address
on the internet made of it specifically, this address cant be made for more than one
website [ www.example.com] or [www.example.com.ng],These are how a web
address is .
The content on a website is usually related to a specific topic or purpose, whether
it's a business, organization, or individual. Which means the picture,videos, etc are
usually related to what the website is all about, what is said to be a website are
accessible to anyone that has an internet connection and also a web browser or
google search engine
Key Components Of a Website
Homepage: This is the main page of a website, serving as an introduction and
providing an overview of what the website offers.
Web Pages: These are the individual documents that make up the website, each
with its own specific content and purpose.
Navigation: This refers to the way users move around the website, usually through
menus, links, and search bars.
Content: This includes all the text, images, videos, and other multimedia elements
that are displayed on the website.
Functionality: Some websites offer interactive features, such as forms, polls, and
e-commerce capabilities.
Types of Websites:
1. corporate website :- this a type of website the a more about advertising a
business and its website where people can find what they need online
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2. e-commerce website:- e commerce is a type of a website known as a shopping
site where individuals and organizations sell their product most at time advertise a
future product . it basically a shopping website where individuals can buy and sell
online
3. Portfolio website :- : this is a type of website that is used To showcase the
work of individuals or businesses, such as artists, designers, writers, and
photographers.
4. Blog Websites: this type of website is used To share information, opinions, and
insights on a particular topic.
5. Government Websites: this is a type of website that provides information
about government services, programs, and initiatives. Online forms, public records,
news and announcements, contact information
WHAT IS WEBSITE DESIGN
Website design is the process of planning, creating, and arranging the elements of a
website to achieve a specific purpose.
It involves a mix of visual design, user interface design, and user experience design
to make a website that is not only aesthetically pleasing but also functional and
easy to use.
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BREAKDOWN
Planning: This stage involves defining the website's purpose, target audience, and
goals. It also includes creating a sitemap to outline the website's structure and
content.
Creating: This is where the visual design elements are developed, such as the
website's layout, color scheme, typography, and imagery.
Arranging: This involves organizing the website's content and elements in a way
that is easy for users to navigate and understand
Key Aspects of Website Design:
Visual Design: This focuses on the aesthetics of the website, including the
use of colors, fonts, images, and graphics to create a visually appealing and
engaging experience.
User Interface (UI) Design: This focuses on the interactive elements of the
website, such as buttons, forms, and menus, to ensure they are user-friendly
and intuitive.
User Experience (UX) Design: This focuses on the overall experience a
user has when interacting with the website, ensuring it is easy to use,
efficient, and enjoyable.
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Elements of Website Design:
Layout: The arrangement of content and elements on the page.
Typography: The choice and use of fonts.
Color Scheme: The set of colors used on the website.
Imagery: The use of photos, illustrations, and graphics.
Navigation: The way users move around the website.
Content: The text, images, and other information on the website.
Importance of Website Design:
First Impressions: A well-designed website creates a positive first
impression and encourages visitors to explore further.
User Experience: Good website design makes it easy for users to find what
they are looking for and have a positive experience on the website.
Branding: Website design can help to reinforce a brand's identity and
message.
SEO: A well-designed website can improve search engine optimization
(SEO) and help the website rank higher in search results.
Tools and Technologies Used in Website Design:
Design Software: Adobe Photoshop, Sketch, Figma
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Web Development Languages: HTML, CSS, JavaScript
Content Management Systems (CMS): WordPress, Wix, Squarespace
CHAPTER THREE
WORDPRESS
WordPress is a powerful and versatile platform that's used to create and manage
websites. It's the most popular Content Management System (CMS) in the world,
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powering a huge percentage of websites on the internet. Here's a breakdown of
what WordPress is all about:
What is WordPress?
Content Management System (CMS): WordPress simplifies the process of
creating and managing website content. It provides a user-friendly interface where
you can easily write, edit, and publish text, images, videos, and other media
without needing to know any coding.
Open Source: WordPress is free to use and modify. This means anyone can
contribute to its development, create themes and plugins, and customize it to fit
their needs.
Flexible: WordPress can be used to build all sorts of websites, from simple blogs
and personal websites to complex e-commerce stores, online magazines, and
membership sites.
Key Features of WordPress:
User-Friendly Interface: WordPress has an intuitive dashboard that makes it easy
to manage your website's content, design, and settings.
Themes: You can choose from thousands of pre-designed templates (called
themes) to change the look and feel of your website.
Plugins: Plugins are like add-ons that extend the functionality of WordPress. There
are plugins for everything from improving SEO to adding contact forms and
creating online stores.
SEO-Friendly: WordPress is designed to be search engine friendly, which
can help your website rank higher in search results.
Large Community: WordPress has a huge and active community of users
and developers who provide support, create resources, and contribute to its
ongoing development.
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Two Versions of WordPress
WordPress.org: This is the self-hosted version of WordPress. You
download the WordPress software and install it on your own web hosting
account. This gives you complete control over your website.
WordPress.com: This is a hosted version of WordPress. WordPress.com
takes care of the technical aspects of hosting your website, but it offers less
flexibility and customization than WordPress.org.
Why Use WordPress?
Easy to Use: WordPress is relatively easy to learn, even for beginners.
Flexible: WordPress can be adapted to create almost any type of website.
Cost-Effective: WordPress software is free, and there are many free themes
and plugins available.
Large Community: You can find plenty of support and resources online.
SEO-Friendly: WordPress can help improve your website's visibility in
search engines.
GETTING STARTED WITH WORDPRESS
1. Choose a Domain Name: This is your website's address (e.g.,
www.example.com).
2. Find a Web Hosting Provider: This is where your website's files will be
stored.
3.
4. Install WordPress: Most hosting providers offer easy one-click installation.
5.
6. Choose a Theme:C Select a theme that suits your website's purpose and
style.
7. Install Plugins: Add plugins to extend the functionality of your website.
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8. Create Content: Start adding pages, posts, images, and other content to
your website.
THEMES AND PLUGINS
THEMES
Wordpress themes can be said to be the skin and structure of your website. It
controls the visual appearance (colors, fonts, layout) and, to some extent, the
functionality of your site. It's like the clothing and architecture of your online
house. You can change themes without losing your content (your furniture and
belongings), but the house (website) will look and feel different.
Key Aspects of WordPress Themes:
Appearance: Themes dictate the overall look and feel of your website,
including:
○ Layout: How content is arranged (e.g., one column, two columns,
sidebar placement).
○
○ Colors: The color scheme used throughout the site.
○
○ Fonts: The typography used for headings, body text, etc.
○
○ Styling: The overall design aesthetic (e.g., modern, minimalist,
classic).
Functionality: While themes primarily focus on appearance, some themes
offer built-in functionality, such as:
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○ Page Templates: Pre-designed layouts for specific pages (e.g.,
contact page, blog archive).
○
○ Custom Post Types: Ways to organize content beyond standard posts
and pages.
● Theme Options: Settings to customize various aspects of the theme.
●
Responsiveness: A crucial feature. A responsive theme adapts its layout to
different screen sizes (desktops, tablets, smartphones) for optimal viewing
on all devices.
Choosing a WordPress Theme:
Define Your Needs: What is the purpose of your website? (Blog, business
website, online store, portfolio, etc.)
Consider Your Audience: Who are you trying to reach with your website?
Features: Make a list of essential features (e.g., e-commerce integration,
contact forms, image galleries).
Design: Choose a design that aligns with your brand and target audience.
Responsiveness: Absolutely essential for a good user experience.
Reviews and Ratings: Check what other users say about the theme.
Support: If you're not comfortable with coding, ensure the theme developer
offers good support.
Performance: Choose a theme that is optimized for speed. Heavy themes
can slow down your website.
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PLUGIN
Plugins are like apps for your WordPress website. They add extra features and
functionality that aren't included in the core WordPress software. Think of them as
tools in your toolbox that help you build and customize your website exactly how
you want it. Plugin are the most crucial part of website design/building
NOTE;- make sure your plugins are all up to date in order to prevent hackers and
cyber hackers from hacking your website.
Why Use WordPress Plugins?
Extend Functionality: Plugins allow you to add a wide range of features to your
website, such as contact forms, e-commerce capabilities, SEO optimization, social
media integration, image galleries, membership management, and much, much
more.
Simplify Tasks: Many plugins automate complex tasks, making it easier to
manage your website without needing to know any coding.
Improve User Experience: Plugins can enhance the user experience on
your website by adding features like improved navigation, faster loading
times, and interactive elements
TYPES OF PLUGIN
WordPress plugins come in a vast array of types, addressing almost every
imaginable website need. Examples are
. SEO (Search Engine Optimization) Plugin
2. Security Plugins
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3. Performance Plugins
4. Backup Plugins
5. Contact Form Plugins
6. E-commerce Plugins
7. Social Media Plugins
8. Image Gallery Plugins
9. Page Builder Plugins
NOTE;- there are more plugin being developed everyday so its important to be up
to date and to make more research on themes and plugins cuz they are the in and
out of a website structure
CHAPTER FOUR
DOMAIN AND HOSTING
Domain which can also be known as domain name can be said to be the name of
your website address which is what people type in on there web browser or goggle
engine to find your website on the internet.
Domain can help in so many way like ;
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Human-readable: Domain names are designed to be easy for people to remember
and type, unlike the numerical IP addresses that computers use to communicate.
Unique: Each domain name is unique, meaning no two websites can have the same
domain name.
Hierarchical: Domain names have a hierarchical structure, with top-level domains
(TLDs) like .com, .org, and .net at the top, followed by second-level domains (your
website name), and potentially subdomains
Why are Domain Names Important?
Branding: Your domain name is an important part of your brand identity. It
should be memorable, easy to spell, and relevant to your website.
Credibility: A professional domain name adds credibility to your website.
Accessibility: Domain names make it easy for people to find your website.
Search Engine Optimization (SEO): While not a direct ranking factor, a
relevant domain name can be helpful for
It's important to know that When you register a domain name, your contact
information is typically made public in the WHOIS database. Domain
privacy services (often offered by registrars) mask your contact information
to protect your privacy.
Domain Name Management:
After registering a domain name, you can manage it through your registrar's
control panel. This includes:
Changing DNS settings (which direct your domain name to your web
hosting).Renewing your domain name registration.Setting up subdomains (e.g.,
blog.yourwebsite.com
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Components of a Domain Name:
A domain name typically consists of two or more parts separated by dots:
Second-Level Domain (SLD): This is the main part of your domain name,
and it's what people will most often associate with your website (e.g.,
"google" in google.com, "example" in example.com). This is the name you
choose to represent your brand or website.
Top-Level Domain (TLD): This is the last part of your domain name, and it
indicates the type of website or its purpose (e.g., .com, .org, .net)
HOSTING
Hosting refers to the services that allows individuals or organizations to make
their website accessible on the internet. It also can be said to be a form of
renting space on a server where your website's files are stored to users who
visit your website.
TYPES OF HOSTING
There are several types of hosting this includes
1 Shared hosting
2 VPS [virtual private server
3 dedicated hosting
4 cloud hosting
5 managed hosting
Each type of hosting has what is called a PROS and CONS depending on
factors like budget,website size,and traffic expectations.
SHARED HOSTING
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Multiple websites share a single server resource [like [CPU,MEMORY AND
STORAGE]. It is often the most affordable option but can be slower due to shared
resources .
VPS [virtual private server]
Vps is a middle ground option , where a physical server is divided into virtual
servers. Each VPS has its own resources, so it's more stable and faster than a
shared hosting but not as expensive as dedicated hosting.
DEDICATED HOSTING
This provides maximum performance, security, and control but comes with a
higher cost and requires more technical knowledge.
CLOUD HOSTING
Your website is hosted on a network of servers, allowing for greater
flexibility and scalability. It can handle traffic spikes better than traditional
hosting methods
MANAGED HOSTING
A service where the hosting provider takes care of the server maintenance,
update,and security. This is ideal for users who don't want to manage the
technical aspects.
CHAPTER FIVE
WEBSITE BUILDING
Website building seems like a big task, but breaking it down into steps can make it
much more manageable. Here's a general guide to help you build a website.
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1 define your purpose and goals
2 choose a domain name
3 select a hosting provider
4 choose a website building platform
5 design your website
6 create your content and pages
7 optimize for SEO [search engine optimization]
8 test your website
9 launch your website
10 maintain and update your website
BUILDING A WEBSITE WITH WORDPRESS AS A WEBSITE
BUILDING PLATFORM
TECHNICAL FOUNDATION OF WORDPRESS
Wordpress apart from being a website building platform it's also as a technical
foundation. that enables its flexibility and extensibility.
. Programming Languages:
PHP: This is the core programming language of WordPress. It's a
server-side scripting language that handles the dynamic aspects of
WordPress, such as processing data, interacting with the database, and
generating web pages.
HTML: This is the foundation of web pages. WordPress uses HTML to
structure the content and elements of your website.
CSS: This is used to style the appearance of your website, including layout,
colors, fonts, and overall design.
JavaScript: This adds interactivity to your website, such as animations,
form validation, and dynamic content updates.
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2 Database:
MySQL: WordPress uses a MySQL database to store all of your website's
data, including posts, pages, comments, users, settings, and more. This
database is essential for organizing and retrieving information.
3. Web Server:
Apache or Nginx: WordPress needs a web server to host your website's files
and make them accessible to visitors. Apache and Nginx are the most
popular web servers used with WordPress.
4. Content Management System (CMS):
WordPress Core: This is the heart of WordPress, consisting of the files and
code that provide the basic functionality of the CMS. It handles user
management, content creation, theme and plugin management, and more.
5. Themes:
Templates: Themes use template files (usually PHP files) to define the
structure and layout of different parts of your website, such as the header,
footer, single posts, pages, and archives.
Stylesheets: Themes use CSS stylesheets to control the visual design of your
website.
Plugins:
Extending Functionality: Plugins are like add-ons that extend the
functionality of WordPress. They can add features like contact forms, SEO
optimization, e-commerce capabilities, and much more.
Plugin API: WordPress provides a Plugin API that allows developers to
create plugins that interact with the core software and other plugins.
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7. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces):
WordPress APIs: WordPress provides various APIs that allow developers
to interact with the platform in different ways. For example, the REST API
allows developers to access and manipulate WordPress data using external
applications.
8. Template Hierarchy:
Organizing Templates: WordPress uses a template hierarchy to determine
which template file to use for displaying different types of content. This
system allows for flexibility and customization.
9. Loop:
Displaying Content: The Loop is a PHP code structure used in WordPress
templates to fetch and display posts or other content from the database.
Hooks:
Modifying Behavior: Hooks are a mechanism in WordPress that allows
developers to modify the behavior of WordPress core, themes, and plugins
without directly editing their files.
Understanding these technical foundations can be beneficial
Troubleshooting: If you encounter issues with your WordPress
website, understanding the underlying technologies can help you diagnose
and fix problems.
Customization: If you want to make more advanced customizations to your
website, knowledge of HTML, CSS, PHP, and the WordPress APIs can be
very helpful.
Development: If you're interested in developing WordPress themes or
plugins, you'll need a solid understanding of these technical foundation
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORDPRESS AND CODING
1 Troubleshooting
2 Creating Custom Functionality
3 Understanding the Structure
4 Advanced Customization
In summary:
● WordPress is designed to be accessible to users of all technical
levels.
● Coding is not required to use WordPress, but it can be very helpful for
advanced customization and troubleshooting.
● Learning HTML, CSS, and PHP can give you greater control over
your WordPress website.
CHAPTER SIX
DIGITAL MARKETING
Digital marketing refers to the online platform and technology to promote
products, services, or brands. It encompasses a wide range of strategies and tactics
aimed at reaching and engaging a target audience through various digital means.
COMPONENTS OF DIGITAL MARKETING
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Search engine optimization:-this is the process of optimizing a website to
rank higher in search engine result, increasing visibility and organic traffic.
Content marketing:- this is creating and sharing valuable,relative content
to attract and engage an audience with the goal of driving profitable
customers action.
Mobile marketing:- this is reaching customers through their mobile devices
via apps,SMS marketing,or mobile ads.
Digital marketing offers a more targeted, measurable ,and cost-effective way
of reaching a global audience compared to traditional marketing methods. It
also allows business to engage directly with consumers, build brand
loyalty,and track the performance of campaign in a real time
PROJECTS I WORKED ON
As a student of MABARA OZIOMA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
undergoing industrial training a i did not only learn a theory part of my [IT]
training i also participated in some particular aspect of my training. Some of this
practical includes
1. Building a corporate website using the wordpress platform and on the building
of the website I used a popular theme known as the DIVI THEME. I also used
some plugins like wpforms etc . I was able to finish these practical within a week
from the beginning, i was able to learn more and the basics of website design using
the divi theme.
2. Building an ecommerce website with the experiences i gained from building the
corporate a was able to build an e-commerce website but in this case i also used a
different theme but also well known theme which is called the ELEMENTOR
THEME using the elementor theme i was also able to learn the basics of the
elementor theme and how it works, it was not vastly different from the divi theme
and that's why it also took me five days to complete this website to a good
standard.
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3. TROUBLESHOOTING A LAPTOP:- at my IT i also learned how to clean a
system carefully and gently although being a software student a learned alot from
that aspect of hardware on my training it was good and awesome training that is
breathtaking and worth learning.
The last but not the list was my Portfolio website although I was unable to
engage myself on the practical aspect. I was able to learn the theoretical term
which I know. Given more time I will be able to own my stand on the places I
didn't quite understand.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The company I underwent my IT training was more problem free in almost all
aspects but throughout my industrial training ,I noticed that the company struggled
with inconsistent timekeeping and practice ,leading to inefficient decision -making
and operational delays. Despite adding more hours on the arrival and dismissal, the
lack of time keeping and standardized approach result in discrepancies and
confusion among departments. This issue emphasized the need for a unified timing
the system need to improve on a untimeliness and streamline business processes
LECTURE REVIEW
The lectures during my training were more or less insightful and provided a strong
theoretical foundation to complement the practical experience I gained in the field.
The sessions covered technologies that were directly applicable to my day-to-day
tasks. The session covered key industry concepts ,tools etc. the instructor was
knowledgeable and encouraged interactive discussions,which helped clarify
complex topics. I particularly found the lectures on specific topics helpful in
enhancing my understanding and contributed to my work . Overall the lectures
were well-structured, engaging,and aligned with the objective of the training
program.
SUMMARY
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In summary, during my industrial training I gained practical experience and
valuable insights. The training provided an opportunity to apply theoretical
knowledge in a real world setting ,allowing me to understand the operation
challenge and workflows of the company. I was involved in many tasks ,
additionally I participated in various works and lectures that enhanced my
understanding of industry tools and practice. Most of the tutorials I went through
not only improved my technical abilities but also deepened my understanding of
the industry's dynamics , preparing me for future career opportunities.
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