Excel Array Formula Examples

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This workbook contains examples from the article "Excel Array Formula Examples." Regarding copyright and s
think of this file like a book. You may use the ideas and techniques and formulas explained here, but you may
reproduce this worksheet or copy substantial portions from it, just like a book. Thank you. - Jon Wittwer

EXAMPLES

Basic Array Formula Example

The following table is used in the article to explain how an array formula works. This example uses 3 separate
formulas. One is a multi-cell array formula, and the other two are single-cell array formulas.

Task Days % Complete Completed

Task 1 10 50% 5 Total % Complete:
Task 2 5 20% 1
Task 3 8 7% 0.56
Task 4 3 50% 1.5 Total % Complete:
Task 5 12 9% 1.08
Totals: 38 24.05% 9.14

Multi-Cell Array Formula: Days Completed (F18:F22)

Formula: {Ctrl+Shift+Enter}: =days*percent_complete

Single-Cell Array Formula: Total days complete (F23)

Formula: {Ctrl+Shift+Enter} =SUM(days*percent_complete)

Single-Cell Array Formula: Total percent complete (E23)

Formula: {Ctrl+Shift+Enter} =SUM(days*percent_complete) / SUM(days)

Nested IF Array Formulas
The following contact and sales log is used to show a few examples of nested IF array formulas.

Contact and Sales Log

Date Contact Sale
1/1/2017 Jim $ 1,000.00
2/25/2017 Bob $ 300.00
7/12/2017 Jim $ 500.00
8/5/2017 Bob $ -
9/10/2017 Jim $ 200.00

MAX-IF Find the last Date that Bob was Contacted Person
=MAX(IF(contact_range="Bob",date_range)) Jim
Bob

MAX-IF Find the Largest Sale for Each Contact Person

=MAX(IF(contact_range="Bob",sale_range)) Jim
Bob

SEE ALSO contextures.com - MAX IF

LARGE-IF Find Jim's second largest Sale Person

=LARGE(IF(contact_range="Jim",sale_range),n) Jim

SMALL-IF Find Bob's second smallest Sale Person

=SMALL(IF(contact_range="Jim",sale_range),n) Bob

NOTE The FALSE values returned by the IF formula are not treated as 0 values by the LARGE
and SMALL functions. If SMALL treated FALSE values as 0 values, the formula would not
work.

SUM-IF Find the total Sales for Jim and Bob Person
=SUM(IF(contact_range="Bob",sales_range)) Jim
 Bob

Multiple Criteria SUM-IF Person

=SUM(IF( ( 1*(date_range>=date_value) + Jim
1*(contact_range="Jim") )>0,sale_range))

COUNTIF Alternative: SUM-Boolean Array Formulas

Although there is already a COUNTIF function, the criteria available in the COUNTIF family of functions is limit
alternative method is to do a SUM of boolean results that have been converted to 0s and 1s (FALSE=0, TRUE
Boolean results can be converted to 0s and 1s by adding +0, multiplying by *1 and by using double negation.

Count the number of Error values within a range Result

Formula: =SUM( 1*ISERROR(range) ) 2
=SUM( 0+ISERROR(range) ) 2
=SUM( --ISERROR(range) ) 2

Values
67
23
#N/A
#NAME?
blank
=""

Count the number of Blank values within a range Result

Formula: =SUM( 1*ISBLANK(range) ) 1
Note: A formula that returns an empty string "" is NOT blank.

Count the number of values that are NOT blank Result

Formula: =SUM( 1*NOT(ISBLANK(range) ) ) 5

Multi-Criteria Boolean Array Formulas

It's easy to misunderstand how the AND and OR functions behave when using an array formula. It's important
remember that AND and OR return only a single value, even when used in array formulas. Instead of AND and
multiple-criteria logical array formulas you need to do the boolean logic by adding boolean values for "or" cond
by multiplying boolean values for "and" conditions.
It's easy to misunderstand how the AND and OR functions behave when using an array formula. It's important
remember that AND and OR return only a single value, even when used in array formulas. Instead of AND and
multiple-criteria logical array formulas you need to do the boolean logic by adding boolean values for "or" cond
by multiplying boolean values for "and" conditions.

Contact and Sales Log

Date Contact Sale
1/1/2017 Jim $ 1,000.00
2/25/2017 Bob $ 300.00
7/12/2017 Jim $ 500.00
8/5/2017 Bob $ -
9/10/2017 Jim $ 200.00

Total Sales between 2/1/2017 and 9/1/2017 Start

Formula: =SUM( IF( (date_range>=start) * 2/1/2017
(date_range<=end), sum_range) )

Total Sales where Name = Bob or Date >= 7/1/2017 Start

Formula: =SUM( IF( ((name="Bob")+ 7/1/2017
(date_range>date))>=0, sum_range) )

Sequential Number Arrays

Sequential number arrays like {1,2,3,4,…} are common building blocks used within other array formulas. The f
examples show how to create a variety of different number and date arrays. If you enter these formulas as the
result will be a vertical multi-cell array.

Office 365! The new SEQUENCE function available in Office 365 makes creating sequential number arrays a
Where applicable, I'll give the Office 365 version of these older formulas.

Sequence of Whole Numbers from n to m

Formula: =ROW(1:5)
Office 365: =SEQUENCE(5)
 Formula: =ROW(INDIRECT(n&":"&m)) n
5
m
7

NOTE The results are showing only the first 3 values of the array. Try making n = m in this
example to see what happens. Also note that when the multi-cell array result is larger than
the array the formula returns, the array is filled with NA() errors.

Create an n x1 Vector of Whole Numbers Starting From s

Formula: =s+ROW(INDIRECT(s&":"&s+n-1)) size (n)

Office 365: =SEQUENCE(n,,s) 3
start (s)
7

NOTE In this example, we can't create a multi-cell array formula that changes in size. So, it's only
the first 3 values that are shown. However, you can use a variable length array like this
within other array formulas.

Sequence of Dates Between Start and End (inclusive)

Formula: =ROW(INDIRECT(start&":"&end)) start

1/1/2018
Formula: =ROW(INDIRECT(INT(start)&":"&INT(end))) end
1/5/2018
Office 365: =SEQUENCE(end-start+1,,start_date)

Sequential Powers of 10

Formula: =10^(ROW(OFFSET(INDIRECT("A1"),0,0,n,1))-1)
Formula: =10^(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&n))-1)

Office 365: =10^SEQUENCE(n,,0)

Matrix Formulas
Excel provides some key functions for working with matrices. These include MUNIT for creating the identity ma
MMULT for matrix multiplication, TRANSPOSE for transposing a matrix or vector, MDETERM for calculating th
determinant, and MINVERSE for calculating the inverse of the matrix. Formulas for some key matrices and ma
manipulation are demonstrated below.

Office 365: Most of these functions no longer require you to use Ctrl+Shift+Enter, because they are dynamic

MUNIT(n) - Create an Identity matrix of size n x n

I= =MUNIT(n)

I= 1 0
0 1

Ones Vector and Matrix: Create an array of 1s or the constant c

j= =c+0*ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&n))
Office 365: =SEQUENCE(n,,1,0)

J= =c+IF(ISERROR(OFFSET(INDIRECT("A1"),0,0,n,m)),0,0)
Office 365: =SEQUENCE(n,n,1,0)

j= 1 J= 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

INDIRECT and OFFSET or volatile functions. If you have access to the MUNIT function, then a simpler way to
ones matrix is to multiply the Identity matrix by 0 and add 1. The vector can be obtained using INDEX to return
column.

j= =INDEX(c+0*MUNIT(n),0,1)

J= =c+0*MUNIT(n)

j= 1 J= 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
 1 1 1 1

Repeating Columns k times

Formula: =MMULT(b,TRANSPOSE(INDEX(1+0*MUNIT(k),0,1)))

x= 1 X= 1 1 1 1
10 10 10 10 10
100 100 100 100 100

Repeating Rows n times

Formula: =MMULT( INDEX(1+0*MUNIT(n),0,1), row)

x= 1 10 100 1000

X= 1 10 100 1000
1 10 100 1000
1 10 100 1000

Row or Column sums using the ONES vector

Column Sum: =MMULT(TRANSPOSE(INDEX(1+0*MUNIT(ROWS(range)),0,1)),range)

Row Sum: =MMULT(range,INDEX(1+0*MUNIT(COLUMNS(range)),0,1))

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Row-Sum

Row 1 1 10 100 111
Row 2 2 20 200 222
Row 3 4 40 400 444
Row 4 8 80 800 888

Column-Sum 15 150 1500

MMULT(A,B) - Multiply two matrices

 C= =MMULT(A,B)

A= 1 2 B= 2 C= 8
3 4 3 18

TRANSPOSE(A) - Transpose a matrix or array

A 1 2 AT 1 3
3 4 2 4

B This BT This That

That

Diagonal(A) - a matrix where all off-diagonal elements are zero

Formula: Diagonal(A) =range*MUNIT(ROWS(range))

A 1 56 76 Diagonal 1 0
24 2 98 0 2
34 46 3 0 0

Create a Diagonal matrix from a vector

Formula: =b * MUNIT(ROWS(b))

b= 1 Diagonal 1 0 0
2 0 2 0
3 0 0 3

diag(A) - the vector of diagonal elements for a square matrix

Formula: diag(A) =
Office 365: =LET(a,array,d,SEQUENCE(ROWS(a),,1),INDEX(a,d,d))

A= 1 56 76 diag(A)= 1
24 2 98 2
 34 46 3 3

trace(A) - the sum of the diagonal elements

Formula: trace(A) =SUM( diag(A) ) = SUM( range*MUNIT(ROWS(range)) )

Office 365: =SUM(LET(a,array,d,SEQUENCE(ROWS(a),,1),INDEX(a,d,d)))

A 1 56 76 trace(A)= 6
24 2 98
34 46 3

MINVERSE(A) - calculates the inverse of the matrix

Formula: A-1 =MINVERSE(A)

A 1 56 76 A-1 = -0.01753156 0.0129598

24 2 98 0.012695 -0.01005086
34 46 3 0.00403436 0.00723537

MDETERM(A) - calculates the determinant of a matrix

Formula: |A| =MDETERM(A)

A 1 56 76 |A| = 256794
24 2 98
34 46 3

REFERENCES

ARTICLE support.office.com: Guidelines and Examples of Array Formulas

 © 2018-2023 Vertex42 LLC

" Regarding copyright and sharing,

xplained here, but you may not
nk you. - Jon Wittwer

s example uses 3 separate array

ormulas.

Array Formula
24.05%

SUMPRODUCT

24.05%
rray formulas.

Last Contacted

9/10/2017
8/5/2017

Largest Sale
$ 1,000.00
$ 300.00

n Result
2 $ 500.00

n Result
2 $ 300.00

values by the LARGE

the formula would not

Total Sales
$ 1,700.00
 $ 300.00

>= Date Result

6/1/2017 $ 1,700.00

IF family of functions is limited. An

0s and 1s (FALSE=0, TRUE=1).
by using double negation.

array formula. It's important to

rmulas. Instead of AND and OR, for
boolean values for "or" conditions and
array formula. It's important to
rmulas. Instead of AND and OR, for
boolean values for "or" conditions and

End Total Sales

9/1/2017 $ 800.00

Name Total Sales

Bob $ 1,000.00

other array formulas. The following

enter these formulas as they are, the

sequential number arrays a lot easier.

1st 3 Values
1
2
3
 1st 3 Values
5
6
7

ing n = m in this
ray result is larger than

1st 3 Values
7
8
9

ges in size. So, it's only

ength array like this

1st 3 Values
43101
43102
43103

1st 4 values 1st 4 values

1 1
10 10
100 100
1000 1000
T for creating the identity matrix,
MDETERM for calculating the
some key matrices and matrix

, because they are dynamic arrays.

ction, then a simpler way to create the

ained using INDEX to return the first
0
0
3
 0.0207793
0.00672134
-0.00522598