Scribd
Upload
21 views11 pages

Chapter4 - Transission Media

The document provides an overview of transmission media in network fundamentals, distinguishing between guided (wired) and unguided (wireless) media. It details various types of guided media, including twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, along with their characteristics, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key design factors such as bandwidth, transmission impairments, and interference are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of these factors in determining data rates and distances.

Uploaded by

calupelanderkyle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
21 views11 pages

Chapter4 - Transission Media

The document provides an overview of transmission media in network fundamentals, distinguishing between guided (wired) and unguided (wireless) media. It details various types of guided media, including twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber, along with their characteristics, applications, advantages, and disadvantages. Key design factors such as bandwidth, transmission impairments, and interference are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of these factors in determining data rates and distances.

Uploaded by

calupelanderkyle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

Overview

 Guided - wire
 Unguided - wireless
 Characteristics and quality determined by medium and signal
 For guided, the medium is more important
 For unguided, the bandwidth produced by the antenna is more important
 Key concerns are data rate and distance

Design Factors

 Bandwidth
 Higher bandwidth gives higher data rate
 Transmission impairments
 Attenuation
 Interference
 Number of receivers
 In guided media
 More receivers (multi-point) introduce more attenuation

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 1
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Guided Transmission Media

 Twisted Pair
 Coaxial cable
 Optical fiber

Transmission Characteristics of Guided Media

Frequency Typical Typical Repeater


Range Attenuation Delay Spacing

Twisted pair 0 to 3.5 kHz 0.2 dB/km 50 µs/km 2 km


(with @ 1 kHz
loading)

Twisted 0 to 1 MHz 0.7 dB/km 5 µs/km 2 km


pairs (multi- @ 1 kHz
pair cables)

Coaxial 0 to 500 7 dB/km @ 4 µs/km 1 to 9 km


cable MHz 10 MHz

Optical fiber 186 to 370 0.2 to 0.5 5 µs/km 40 km


THz dB/km

Twisted Pair

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 2
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Twisted Pair – Applications

 Most common medium


 Telephone network
 Between house and local exchange (subscriber loop)
 Within buildings
 To private branch exchange (PBX)
 For local area networks (LAN)
 10Mbps or 100Mbps

Twisted Pair - Pros and Cons

 Cheap
 Easy to work with
 Low data rate
 Short range

Twisted Pair - Transmission Characteristics

 Analog
 Amplifiers every 5km to 6km
 Digital
 Use either analog or digital signals
 repeater every 2km or 3km
 Limited distance
 Limited bandwidth (1MHz)
 Limited data rate (100MHz)
 Susceptible to interference and noise

Unshielded and Shielded TP

 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP)


 Ordinary telephone wire
 Cheapest
 Easiest to install
 Suffers from external EM interference
 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
 Metal braid or sheathing that reduces interference
 More expensive
 Harder to handle (thick, heavy)

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 3
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

UTP Categories

 Cat 3
 up to 16MHz
 Voice grade found in most offices
 Twist length of 7.5 cm to 10 cm
 Cat 4
 up to 20 MHz
 Cat 5
 up to 100MHz
 Commonly pre-installed in new office buildings
 Twist length 0.6 cm to 0.85 cm
 Cat 5E (Enhanced)
 Cat 6
 Cat 7

Twisted Pair Categories and Classes


Catego Catego Catego Catego Catego
ry 3 ry 5 ry 5E ry 6 ry 7
Class C Class D Class E Class F

100 100 200 600


Bandwidth 16 MHz
MHz MHz MHz MHz

Cable
Type UTP UTP/FTP UTP/FTP UTP/FTP SSTP

Link Cost
(Cat 5 =1) 0.7 1 1.2 1.5 2.2

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 4
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Coaxial Cable

Coaxial Cable Applications

 Most versatile medium


 Television distribution
 Arial to TV
 Cable TV
 Long distance telephone transmission
 Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously
 Being replaced by fiber optic
 Short distance computer systems links
 Local area networks

Coaxial Cable - Transmission Characteristics

 Analog
 Amplifiers every few km
 Closer if higher frequency
 Up to 500MHz
 Digital
 Repeater every 1km
 Closer for higher data rates

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 5
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Optical Fiber

Optical Fiber – Benefits

 Greater capacity
 Data rates of hundreds of Gbps
 Smaller size & weight
 Lower attenuation
 Electromagnetic isolation
 Greater repeater spacing
 10s of km at least

Optical Fiber – Applications

 Long-haul trunks
 Metropolitan trunks
 Rural exchange trunks
 Subscriber loops
 LANs

Optical Fiber - Transmission Characteristics

 Act as wave guide for 1014 to 1015 Hz


 Portions of infrared and visible spectrum
 Light Emitting Diode (LED)
 Cheaper
 Wider operating temp range
 Last longer
 Injection Laser Diode (ILD)
 More efficient
 Greater data rate
 Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 6
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Optical Fiber Transmission Modes

Sine Waves and Square Waves

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 7
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Bandwidth

Signaling over Copper and Fiber

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 8
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

TWISTED PAIR (COPPER)

.
FIBER

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 9
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Attenuation and Insertion Loss on Copper Media

Sources of Noise on Copper Media

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 10
Cavite State University ITEC 90– Network Fundamentals

Cable Testing Standards


EIA/TIA568A - EIA/TIA568B

Transmission Media *Department of Information Technology


Page 11

You might also like