RIA-II

Assignment - I
Introduction to the topic

NAME: KHUSHI JADHAV

YEAR: FoY DIV:A
ROLL NO. : A21166
Q.What is a green building?

A green building is designed to reduce the overall impact of the built-up environment on
human health and the natural environment, through:

• The efficient use of energy, water and other resources

• Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity

• Reducing waste, pollution and harm to the environment.

Effectively, a green building can incorporate sustainable materials (reused, recycled,

recyclable, or from renewable resources) in its construction, create a healthy interior
environment with a minimum of pollutants and functional landscape planning that
requires less water (using indigenous greenery that thrives without additional watering).

Reference:

https://www.legrandgroup.com/en/our-solutions/green-building/green-building-
description#:~:text=A%20green%20building%20is%20designed,and%20harm%20to%2
0the%20environment.

Q. Why rate green buildings ?

Green ratings assess a building based on its predicted performance over its entire life
cycle — conception through operation. This results in the development of buildings that
consume fewer natural resources without sacrificing the acoustic, thermal, and visual
comfort of its occupants.

The mark of a reliable green building rating would be one that:

• Adapts to the climatic conditions of the area of its adoption

• Unifies and mandates compliance with internationally/nationally accepted
building codes and performance benchmarks
 • Emphasizes on planning green features during the design phase of the
building
• Provides incremental performance improvement benchmarks for buildings to
aspire towards a higher quality
• Widely accepted by all national and regional urban development institutions
• Monitors the development of the project through periodic, construction
linked due diligence visits
• Serves as a platform for project developers to access linked incentives such
as tax breaks and development of premium discounts
• Validates the credibility of the sustainability claims made by the project team
• Creates transition scenarios that push the performance benchmarks of the
industry
• Green ratings serve as the ideal tool for validating the sustainability claims of
buildings by mandating regulatory compliances and setting performance
benchmarks to promote higher construction and operational resource
efficiency.

Reference:

https://www.teriin.org/article/why-green-ratings-buildings-
matter#:~:text=Green%20ratings%20assess%20a%20building,visual%20comfort%20of
%20its%20occupants.

Top 12 Green Building Rating Systems:

1. LEED

LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a green building

certification used in the United States. Managed by the U.S. Green Building Council, this
building rating system is completed by on-site or third-party verification. Many building
types can apply for this certification program, including new construction, existing
buildings, homes, and communities. LEED has four certification levels including,
certified, silver, gold, and platinum. LEED has nine areas of focus, including location
and transportation, sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere,
material and resources, indoor environmental quality, innovation, regional priority, and
integrative processes. The LEED certification program aims to have buildings use their
resources more efficiently and create a safe environment for all its occupants
throughout the building’s life cycle. As of 2019, 80,000 projects were registered, with
32,500 projects having completed the certification process. Top users of LEED
certification include Intel Corp., Colgate-Palmotive, Mars Inc., and Method Southside
Soapbox Factory.

2. WELL

WELL is a building certification program managed by the International WELL Building

Institute (IWBI). WELL focuses mostly on building design attributes that impact
occupant health and well-being. WELL evaluates buildings on 11 concepts: air, water,
nourishment, light, movement, thermal comfort, sound, materials, mind, community,
and innovation. This green building system features a few preconditions or prerequisites
to completing a WELL certification. Like LEED, WELL can be used for a wide variety of
building and building spaces. As of 2019, 3865 projects were registered, and 232 had
earned their WELL certification. Top users of WELL include Wells Fargo, EY, Deloitte,
Lenovo, and Fandango.

3. Fitwel

Like WELL, Fitwel focuses on the health and wellbeing of the building occupants as well
as the surrounding community. However, FitWel does not have any prerequisites for
completing this green building certification program. Like the previously mentioned
programs, FitWel can also be used in a variety of building types and spaces. FitWel
focuses on location, building access, outdoor spaces, entrances, stairs, indoor
environment, workspaces, shared spaces, water supply, cafeterias and prepared food
areas, vending machines and snack bars, and emergency procedures. As of 2019, 840
were registered, and 240 had completed their FitWel certification. Top users of FitWel
include Skanska Alexandria Real Estate Equities Inc., and the Tower Companies.

4. Green Globes

Green Globes is a building rating system used in the US and Canada. Green Globes is
structured so that it can be done as a self-assessment in-house with the project
manager and design team. It uses a questionnaire that is aimed at helping the user
make changes to complete the certification. Like FitWel, there are no prerequisites to
complete this certification. Like LEED, Green Globes has four levels of certification.
Green Globes can be used in new construction, existing buildings, and commercial
interiors. This certification program focuses on energy usage, water, waste
management, emissions, indoor environment, and environmental management.

5. BREEAM
BREEM, or the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method, is
the oldest green building rating system. Created in 1990, it has since certified projects
in over 50 countries, has over 560,000 certified projects, and over 2 million registered.
This green building rating system is measured across 9 categories: management, health
and well-being, transport, water, materials, land use and ecology, and pollution.
BREEAM is aimed at making buildings more sustainable, as well as improving building
performance and efficiency. Many other green building certification programs, including
Green Globes, were inspired by the ideas and innovations of BREEAM. Top users of
BREEAM include Futurebuild and Overbury.

6. DGNB

DGNB, a green building certification program created by the German Sustainable

Building Council, focuses on promoting sustainable building practices across Europe.
DGNB uses a holistic approach with an emphasis on performance. This green building
rating system has three levels of certification, platinum, gold, and silver. For this
certification program, buildings are evaluated on ecological quality, socio-cultural and
function quality, technical quality, and process quality. As of December 2018, over 4800
buildings have eared a DGNB certification.

7. Green Star

Green Star is an international sustainability reporting and rating system, that is popular
particularly in Australia and South Africa. All Green Star categories include an
innovation category that rewards projects for creating and utilizing new approaches to
sustainability. Like the other certification programs on this list, Green Star can be used
in a variety of building types and is assessed in categories such as indoor environmental
air quality, energy, transportation, water, materials, land use and ecology, and
emissions. The main goal of Green Star is to guide project teams to make conscious
decisions regarding energy usage and material selection. As of 2019, over 1450 projects
had completed the Green Star certification.

8. BCA Green Mark Scheme

BCA (Building and Construction Authority) Green Mark Scheme is a green certification
program that focuses on the development of sustainable buildings in Singapore. This
certification program focuses on innovation and governance to create a community of
care and a more sustainable environment. BCA Green Mark Scheme has 5 key
attributes: energy efficiency, water efficiency, environmental protection, indoor
environmental quality, and innovation features. Since its launch in January of 2005, BCA
Green Mark Scheme has certified over 1700 buildings.

9. BEAM PLUS

BEAM PLUS is a certification program recognized by the Hong Kong Business

Environment Council that focuses on incorporating sustainability into planning, design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of a building. BEAM PLUS has five focuses
for assessment: site, material, water and energy use, indoor environmental quality, and
innovation. The BEAM PLUS certification program has a goal of educating the
community about sustainability and sustainable practices and has intentions to extend
BEAM PLUS beyond Hong Kong.

10. CASBEE

CASBEE, or Comprehensive Assessment System for Build Energy Environment

Efficiency, was launched in 2015 and can be used for both new construction and
existing buildings throughout Japan. Starting in 2005, earning a CASBEE certification
became mandatory in 24 Japanese municipalities. CASBEE moved internationally in
2014 when a building in Tianjin, China earned their CASBEE certification. This program
focuses on energy and resource efficiency, and local and indoor environments. CASBEE
was designed to reduce the life cycle of resource use, as well as improve quality of life
for building occupants and the surrounding community.

11. GORD

GORD, or Gulf Organization for Research and Development, aims to encourage

sustainable economic development and environmental leadership through sustainable
building design. GORD is the first performance based green building certification
program in the Middle East and North Africa. This certification has two stages: (1) obtain
the design and build certificate following design phase and, (2) pursue the conformance
design audit. Since its launch in 2007, over 100 million square feet of building space
have received GORD certification.

12. Miljöbyggnad

Miljöbyggnad, or Environmental Building in English, is a green building certification

program created by the Sweden Green Building Council in 2010. Including both new
construction and existing building pathways, buildings can earn gold, silver, or bronze
certification levels. Interesting, since water usage is not a threatened resource in
Sweden, there is no section regarding water efficiency. However, this program focuses
on indoor environmental quality, energy use, and material use. Miljöbyggnad uses
principles from LEED and BREEAM to develop its certification attributes. Thus far, over
1000 buildings have received Miljöbyggnad certification.

References

1.) https://www.wbdg.org/resources/green-building-standards-and-certification-
systems

2.) http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/certificationE.htm

3.) Bernardi, Elena, et al. “An analysis of the most adopted rating systems for assessing
the environmental impact of buildings.” Sustainability 9.7 (2017): 1226.

4.) https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-numbers-16-years-steady-growth

5.) https://www.fitwel.org/certification

6.) https://centerforactivedesign.org/fitwel

7.) https://www.wellcertified.com/about-iwbi/

8.) https://www.greenglobes.com/about.asp

9.)
https://www.dgnb.de/en/news/statements/Comparison_LEED_and_DGNB/index.php

10.) https://gbca.org.au/

11.) https://www.bca.gov.sg/green_mark/

12.) https://www.hkgbc.org.hk/eng/about-us/what-is-green-building/index.jsp

13.) https://www.usgbc.org/articles/leed-and-industrial-facilities-meet-four-top-users-
leed-videos

14.) https://resources.wellcertified.com/articles/iwbi-named-to-fast-companys-
annual-list-of-the-worlds-most-innovative-companies-for-2019/

15.) http://www.southlandind.com/insight/green-globes-versus-leed

16.) https://www.dgnb.de/en/council/publications/reports/

17.) https://files.bregroup.com/breeam/BREEAM_Awards_2019_Winners_Brochure.pdf

18.) https://www.gord.qa/gsas-projects
19.) https://www.linkme.qa/news/285280/-Ashghal-Projects-Awarded-3-Star-GSAS-
Certifications-in-Design–Build.htm

20.) http://www.lusail.com/wp-
content/File%20Store/LCAC/Section%2003%20Building%20Permit%20Application%20
Procedures/GSAS%20Toolkit%20and%20Calculator%20Pack%20for%202%20Star%20
Rating/1.%20GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.2.pdf

21.) http://insight.gbig.org/green-building-in-sweden-sgbc-miljobyggnad/

22.)
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d513/0f439c6daa659418b191981e504b59b5826f.pdf

23.) https://www.bastaonline.se/environmentally-certifiedeco-labeled-construction-
has-increased/?lang=en

24.) http://www.gbig.org

Q. What are the Green Building Rating Systems in India?

Green rating systems for buildings measure and quantify the environmental
performance of a given building. India currently has the below green rating systems for
buildings.

• Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA)

• Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED)
• IGBC rating systems

These green rating systems aim to quantify the environmental, economic and socio-
economic benefits of green building design with an emphasis on sustainable site
planning, optimized energy performance, efficient materials, and construction
practices, water, and waste management strategies; and indoor environmental quality.

1] GREEN RATING FOR INTEGRATED HABITAT ASSESSMENT (GRIHA):

Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is the national rating system of
India for any completed construction, endorsed by the Ministry of New & Renewable
Energy (MNRE), Government of India and TERI. It is an assessment tool to measure and
rate a building’s environmental performance.
 ➢ The basic features of GRIHA:
• The scheme was created to assist in ‘designing and evaluating’ new buildings
(structures that are still at the starting phases). A building is evaluated based on
its expected results over its full life. The stages of the life cycle identified for
evaluation are:
• Pre-construction stage: Intra and inter-site problems such as access to public
transport, type of soil, kind of land, location of the property, flora, and wildlife on
the ground before construction activity starts, the natural landscape and land
features.
• Building planning and construction stages:Resource conservation and resource
allocation problems, energy effectiveness, energy regeneration, and reuse, and
occupant safety and wellness regulations. The prime resources considered in
this section are land, water, energy, air, and green cover.
• Building operation and maintenance stage:Issues relating to the operation and
maintenance of building systems and procedures, tracking and recording of
energy consumption and occupant safety and well-being, as well as problems
affecting the global and local environment

GRIHA Rating Criteria:

GRIHA provides a rating of up to five stars for green buildings and dispenses points
based on criteria’s met by any builder. It comprises a set of 34 criteria, few of them are:

• Preserving the existing landscape and protecting it from degradation during the
process of construction can fetch 5 points.
• Enhancing energy efficiency of outdoor lighting and promoting usage of
renewable forms of energy to reduce the use of conventional/fossil-fuel-based
energy resources can gain 3 points.
• Preventing or minimization of air pollution from construction activities is also a
GRIHA point.
• Reducing volume, weight and time of construction by adopting efficient
technology (such as pre-cast systems, ready-mix concrete) can fetch 4 GRIHA
points.

2] LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT DESIGN (LEED):

LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is the most widely used green
building rating system in the world. It was the Indian Green Business Center (IGBC),
under the Confederation of Indian Industries (CII) that facilitated the LEED rating of the
United States Green Building Council (USGBC).
At present, to strengthen the global consistency of the LEED rating system, effective
June 5, 2014, GBCI (Green Business Certification Inc.) began managing the certification
process for all LEED rating systems in India, which was previously managed by the
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

LEED India encompasses rating systems for:

• Existing Buildings (EB)

• New Construction (NC)
• Core and Shell (C&S)
• Green Homes

These represent the measurable indicators for global and local concerns in the Indian
scenario. Based on the points achieved, the building may be eligible for LEED-certified,
Silver, Gold or Platinum Rating.

There are four levels of LEED certification: Certified (40-49 points), Silver (50-59 points),
Gold (60-79 points) and Platinum (80+ points).

To achieve LEED certification, a building must go through a rigorous review process

conducted by Green Business Certification Inc.

Many buildings in India register for a LEED Green Building Rating. Some of the major
structures that register for a LEED rating are IT Parks, Offices, Banks, Airports,
Convention Centres, Educational institutions, Hotels, and Residential complexes.
LEED-INDIA is, therefore, one of the chief councils to give a green rating to a structure,
whether an apartment, independent home or office.

3] INDIAN GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL (IGBC) RATING SYSTEM:

IGBC Rating System is a voluntary and consensus-based programme. This rating system
would facilitate the development of energy-efficient, water-efficient, healthy, more
productive, environmentally friendly factories. Below is the list of rating systems by
IGBC:

Resources:
LEED certification in India:. Retrieved from https://gbci.org/leed-certification-india-
your-top-3-questions-answered

About GRIHA. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.grihaindia.org/about-griha

Buildgreenworldnow. (2013, April 18). What is LEED India. Retrieved from

https://greenbuildingsindia.wordpress.com/2013/02/06/what-is-leed-india/

IGBC Rating System – Green Building Rating System in India. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. (2019, August 09). Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership_in_Energy_and_Environmental_Design

IGBC Rating System – Green Building Rating System in India. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign