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unit-4 - part_3

The electric power supply system consists of a transmission system and a distribution system that delivers electrical energy from generating stations to consumers. Power plants generate electricity through various methods including thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, diesel, solar, and wind energy. The transmission system steps up voltage for long-distance transport, while the distribution system steps down voltage for final delivery to consumers.

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Rithik Sharon
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3 views

unit-4 - part_3

The electric power supply system consists of a transmission system and a distribution system that delivers electrical energy from generating stations to consumers. Power plants generate electricity through various methods including thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, diesel, solar, and wind energy. The transmission system steps up voltage for long-distance transport, while the distribution system steps down voltage for final delivery to consumers.

Uploaded by

Rithik Sharon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electric power supply system

The lines network between Generating Station (Power Station) and consumer of electric power can be
divided into two parts.
• Transmission System
• Distribution System

The main objective of an electric power system is to obtain electrical energy and make it reachable
safely to the load point where it is being used in usable form. This is done in five stages namely
• Generating Station
• Primary Transmission
• Secondary Transmission
• Primary Distribution
• Secondary Distribution
Power Plants or Generating Stations
A power plant or generating station is an industrial location where electrical power is generated in a large
scale. A power plant contains one or more electric generators - machines that convert mechanical energy
into electrical. Electric generators used in power plants to produce AC electric power are popularly called
as alternators. Electrical power is normally generated at 11kV in a power station. While in some cases,
power may be generated at 33 kV.

Types of power plants


• Thermal power plant
• Hydel power plant
• Nuclear power plant
• Diesel power plant
• Solar power plant
• Wind power plant
Power Plants or Generating Stations
Thermal power plant
Thermal power station is the most conventional type of power plant. In these power plants, a fossil fuel
such as coal is burned to produce heat. This heat is then used to boil the water and convert it into the
superheated steam. The superheated steam is passed into a steam turbine. Blades of the turbine are
rotated due to the pressure of the steam. The steam turbine drives an alternator which is mechanically
coupled to it. When rotor of the alternator rotates, electricity is generated.
Power Plants or Generating Stations
Hydroelectric Power Plant
A dam is constructed across a river in hilly area to make a huge reservoir of water. Water stored in a dam
possesses potential energy. This water is then made to fall on a water turbine through penstock. The
kinetic energy of falling water drives the water turbine and hence the alternator which is coupled to it.
The amount of available power depends on the water head (height) and the amount of water storage.
Power Plants or Generating Stations
Nuclear power plant
In a nuclear power plant, nuclear energy is converted into electrical energy. Nuclear energy is obtained by
nuclear fission of heavy elements such as Uranium or Thorium in a special reactor. Huge amount of energy
is released due to breaking of nuclei of heavy atoms into two parts. Breaking of nuclei into two parts is
called as nuclear fission. Nuclear fission is a chain reaction and hence it is carried out in a special reactor
to control it. Huge amount of heat energy is produced due to nuclear fission which is utilized to heat
the steam at high temperature. This superheated steam is used to drive a steam turbine which is
mechanically coupled to an alternator.
Power Plants or Generating Stations
Diesel power plant
Power Plants or Generating Stations
Solar power plant
Power Plants or Generating Stations
Wind power plant
ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• Electrical power is generated in a power plant at voltage levels 11kV, 33kV etc., But to
transmit the power generated to a long distance the voltage level has to be stepped up to a very
high voltage by using a power transformer prior to the transmission.
• When the voltage level is increased the current level will come down and power remain
constant. If the power is transmitted at higher voltage level with reduced current level the I2R
transmission losses will be reduced.
• The stepped up high voltage output secondary is connected to the transmission lines.
• Transmission lines are sets of wires, called conductors, that carry electric power from
generating plants to the substations that deliver power to customers.
ELECTRICAL POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
• The 11 kV generating voltage is stepped up to 110 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV or 765 kV
etc. This stage is called as Primary transmission.
• The voltage is then stepped down at a receiving station to 33kV or 66kV. This is called
Secondary transmission.
ELECTRICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• Electric power distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electrical power. It carries
electricity from the transmission system to individual consumers.
• Large industrial consumers can be supplied at 11 kV directly from these substations. Also,
feeders emerge from these substations. This stage is called as primary distribution.
• Feeders are either overhead lines or underground cables which carry power close to the load
points (end consumers) up to a couple of kilometers. Finally, the voltage is stepped down to
415 volts by a pole mounted distribution transformer and delivered to the distributors. This is
called secondary distribution.

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