PREBOARD 2 (2023 -24)

CHEMISTRY THEORY (Set -2) ANSWER KEY

Max. Marks:70 Time: 3 hours

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple -choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case - based questions carrying 4 marks each.

(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

(g) All questions are compulsory.

(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A

The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct answer. Each question carries 1

mark. There is no internal choice in this section.

Q1. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the collision theory of chemical reactions-

(a) It considers reacting molecules or atoms to be hard spheres and ignores their structural features

(b) No. of effective collisions determines the rate of reactions

(c) Collision of atoms or molecules possessing sufficient threshold energy results into product formation.

(d) Molecules should collide with sufficient threshold energy and proper orientation for collision to be effective

Q2. The amount of chemical reaction which occurs at any electrode during electrolysis by a current is proportional to

(a) Current only

(b) time only

(c)Quantity of electricity

(d) temperature

Q3. The osmotic pressure of a solution increases if

(a) The volume of the solution is increased

(b) The number of solute molecules is increased
(c) The temperature is decreased
(d) Solution constant (R ) is increased
Q4. The colour of Ti4+ (3d0) metal ion is

(a) Purple (b) blue

(c) Green (d) Colourless

Q5. Greater range of oxidation states of actinides is because-

(a)5f, 6d and 7s levels are of comparable energies (b) They possess large atomic numbers

(c) They posses large atomic masses (d) They are radioactive

Q6. Indicate the complex ion which shows geometrical isomerism -

(a) [Fe(H2O)4Cl2]+ (b) [Pt(NH3)3Cl]

(c) [Co(NH3)6]3+ (d) [Fe(CN)5NC]3-

Q7. Primary and secondary valencies in coordination compounds are respectively:

(a) Both ionisable (b) Both non-ionisable (c) non-ionisable, ionisable (d) ionisable, non-ionisable

Q8. Major product formed in the following reaction (CH3)3-C-Br + NaOCH3 → ?. The major product is:

(a) (CH3)3-C-ONa (b) (CH3)3-C-OCH3

(c) (CH3)3-C-O(CH3)3 (d) (CH3)-C-(CH3)=CH2

Q9. A compound X with the molecular formula C3H8O can be oxidised to another compound Y, whose molecular
formula C3H6O2. The compound X may be -

(a) CH3-CH2-O-CH3 (b) CH3-CH(OH)-CH3

(c) CH3CH2CH2-OH (d) CH3-C(O)-CH3

Q10. The reagent used for the conversion of toluene to benzaldehyde is:

(a) CrO2Cl2/CS2 (b) CrO3/(CH3CO)2O (c) Sidechain halogenation/Hydrolysis (d) All of the above

Q11. Amongst the given set of reactions, the most appropriate for preparing a primary amine is: C6H5CH2NH2 + R-X →
C6H5CH2NR

Which of the following alkylhalides is best suited for this reaction through SN1 mechanism

(a) 2°R-Br + NH3 (b) 2°R-Br + NaCN, followed by H2/Pt (c) 1°R-NH2 + RCHO, followed by H2/Pt

(d) 1°R-Br (2 mol) + potassium phthalimide followed by H3O+/heat

Q12. Nucleic Acids are polymers of -

(a) Amino acids (b) Nucleosides (c) Nucleotides (d) Glucose

Q13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)

Assertion (A): Haemoglobin, the red pigment of blood, which acts as a oxygen carrier is a coordination compound

Reason (R): The excess of copper is removed by the chelating ligand desferrioxime B

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

Q14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)

Assertion (A): [Co(NH3)5(SO4)]Br and [Co(NH3)5Br] (SO4) are examples of ionisation isomerisation

Reason (R): Hydrate isomers have H2O molecules only as water of crystallisation

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

Q15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)

Assertion (A): The elements that give the greatest number of oxidation states occur in or near the middle of the
series

Reason (R): The lowest common oxidation state of transition elements is +2.

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

Q16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)

Assertion (A): Transition metals vary widely in their chemical activity

Reason (R): Many of the transition elements are sufficiently electropositive to dissolve in mineral acids.

Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.

(d) A is false but R is true.

SECTION B

This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are

very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.

Q17. Answer the following questions: ANY TWO

(i) How does the molar conductivity of KCl and Ch3COOH vary with increasing concentration.
Molar conductivity of KCl and CH3COOH decreases with increasing concentration.
(ii) Suggest the most important type of intermolecular attractive interactions in the following pairs
a. I2 and CCl4: Both are non-polar. Hence, intermolecular interactions will be London Dispersion
forces
b. Methanol and acetone: Both are polar molecules. Hence, intermolecular interactions will be
dipole-dipole forces
(iii) State a condition under which a bimolecular reaction is kinetically a first order reaction
Bimolecular reaction becomes kinetically first order when one of the reactants is in excess

Q18. How do you account for the following:

(i) All Scandium salts are white – In Scandium salts, Sc has +3 oxidation state. Sc3+ does not have unpaired
electrons and therefore, there is no d-d transition. Hence its salts are white.

(ii) The first ionisation enthalpies of 5d transition elements are higher than those of the 3d and 4d tranisition
elements in respective groups.- Due to the poor shielding effect of 5d and 4f electrons, the effective nuclear
charge increases. Hence, ionisation enthalpy of 5d transition elements is more than that of 3d- and 4d-
elements in their respective groups.

Q19. Using the VB approach, predict the shape and magnetism (paramagnetism/diamagnetism) of [Co(CO)4]-. [
Atomic no. of Co = 27]

Q20. Answer the following:

(i) Explain why C6H5CH(Cl)CH3 is hydrolysed more easily with KOH than C6H5CH2Cl – secondary benzylic
carbocation can stabilise itself more than primary benzylic carbocation because of the inductive effect of -
CH3 group. It neutralises the positive charge on the carbocation. Stabilisation through resonance is common
to both.

(ii) Write the formula of the main product formed in the following reaction –
 C6H5N2+Cl- + Cu/HCl →

OR

Q20. Give reasons for the following:

(a) Phenol does not undergo protonation readily – In phenol, there is a positive charge on the O atom in its
resonating structures, therefore, it does not undergo protonation easily.
(b) Arrange the following in increasing order of boiling points – CH3CHO, CH3CH2OH, CH3OCH3,CH3CH2CH3
- The increasing order of boiling points is: CH3CH2CH3< CH3OCH3< CH3CHO< CH3CH2OH

Q21. Answer the following questions –

a. Predict whether the following compound has D- or L- configuration

The compound has an L-configuration. This refers to the

b. Amino acids behave as dipolar ions. What is this ion called? Draw its structure for alanine amino acid

The ion is called a zwitter ion.

SECTION C

This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following questions are
short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
Q22. Describe the following (giving structures)-
(i) Glycosidic Linkage
a. In disaccharides, two monosaccharides are joined by an oxide linkage formed by the loss of a
water molecule. Such a linkage between two monosaccharide units through an oxygen molecule
is called a glycosidic linkage
(ii) Peptide linkage
a. Peptide linkage in an amide linkage formed between -COOH group and -NH2 group.

Q23. When sucrose is hydrolysed, the optical rotation values are measured using polarimeter and are given in the
following table:

S. No. Time (min) Specific rotation

1 0 + 66.5o
2 ∞ -39.9o
 (i) Account for the 2 specific rotations
a. The reactant Sucrose is dextrorotatory. On hydrolysis it give glucose dextrorotatory and fructose
which is leavoroatatory. The specific rotation of fructose is higher than glucose Sucrose is
dextrorotatory but after hydrolysis gives dextrorotatory glucose and laevorotatory fructose. Since
the laevorotation of fructose (–92.4°) is more than dextrorotation of glucose (+ 52.5°), the
mixture is laevorotatory.
(ii) What is the specific name given to sucrose based on the above observations
a. Invert sugar, The hydrolysis of sucrose brings about a change in the sign of rotation, from dextro
(+) to laevo (–) and the product is named as invert sugar.

(iii) One of the products formed during hydrolysis of sucrose is glucose, that reacts with hydroxylamine to
give compound A. Identify compound A.

Q24. Answer any three of the following –

1. K2Cr2O7
(i) Predict the compounds in the following reaction: CH3CH2OH [A] +SOCl2 → B
2. H2SO4
A = CH3COOH and B= CH3COCl

(ii) Predict all the alkenes that would be formed by the dehydrohalogenation of the following halide with
sodium ethoxide in ethanol and identify the major alkene – 2-chloro-2-methylbutane. –
The alkenes formed are : CH2=C(CH3)CH2CH3 and (CH3)2C=CHCH3. The more stable and major
product is the second alkene, i.e. (CH3)2C=CHCH3.
(iii) Draw the structure of 4-tertbutyl-3-iodoheptane

AlCl3
(iv) Complete the following reaction – C6H6 + ROCl Anhyd. – C6H5COR + HCl

(v) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of electrophilicity of the C atom of the carbonyl
group – CH3CH2CHO, CH3CH2-CO-CH3, HCHO, CH3-CO-CH3

On the basis of steric factors, the given compounds can be arranged in increasing order of
electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon atom: CH3CH2COCH3<CH3COCH3<CH3CH2CHO<HCHO

Q25. Answer the following questions:

(i) Write the electronic configuration of the element with atomic number 102:
Nobellium (No): Rn5f147s2 or 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d10 5s2 5p6 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 5f14 7s2.

(ii) Explain what is Lanthanide contraction. What is it’s effect on the chemistry of the elements that follow
the lanthanides? _ The decrease in atomic and ionic size with increase in atomic number among lanthanoids
is called Lanthanide contraction. The elements after lanthanoids closely resemble the elements directly
above them in the periodic table due to their similar ionic size. , e.g. Zr and Hf

Q26. Answer the following questions –

(i) Explain why [Ni(H2O)6]2+ (aq) is green in colour when [Ni(H2O)4 (en)]2+ (aq) is blue in colour. Give
reason in support of your answer.
The colour of a coordination compound is determined by the type of ligands and d-d transitions to
take place. H2O is a weak ligand and hence causes small splitting. The d-d transition corresponds to
green colour. En group is a strong field ligand which causes increased splitting. Due to t2g-eg splitting,
the colour is blue.
 (ii) Write the formula and hybridisation of the following compound – tris(ethane-1,2-diamine)cobalt(III)
sulphate
Hybridisation is d2sp3. The formula of the compound is – [Co(H2NCH2CH2NH2)3]2(SO3)3.

Q27. What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0g of water to lower the freezing point of water by 7.50°C? The
freezing point depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.86°C/mol. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.86

Q28. How would you obtain/convert the following -

(a) Butanoic acid from butanol

(b) But-2-enal from ethanal

(c) Benzoic acid from ethylbenzene

SECTION D

The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an internal choice and carries

4 (1+1+2) marks each.

Q29. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow
The f-block elements, i.e. in which the last electrons enter the f-subshell are called inner-transition elements. These
include lanthanides (58-71) and actinoids (90-103).

Lanthanides show limited number of oxidation states, viz. +2, +3 and +4 (out of which +3 is most common). This is
because of the large energy gap between 4f, 5d and 6s subshells. The dominant oxidation state of actinoids is also +3
but they show a number of other oxidation states also, e.g. uranium (Z=92) and plutonium (Z= 94) show +3, +4, +5
and +6, neptunium (Z=94) shows +3, +4, +5 and +7, oxidation states etc. This is due to small energy difference
between 5f, 6d and 7s subshells of the actinoids. Depending upon the reaction conditions, any number of electrons
from 5f, 6d and 7s subshells can participate.

(i) Write the general electronic configuration of inner transition elements. – (n-2)f1-14(n-1)d0-1ns2

(ii) What is the oxidation state shown by actinoids in general? : +3

(iii) +3 oxidation state is the characteristic oxidation state of lanthanoids but Cerium (Z=58) shows +4 oxidation state
also. Why?

The electronic configuration of Ce is - 4f15d16s2. Usually 5d1 and 6s2 electrons are lost by the lanthanoids in their
reactions, i.e. they exhibit +3 oxidation states. But Ce exhibit +4 oxidation state also because it gains extra stability by
losing 4f electrons because it will give rise to fully filled orbitals.

OR

(a) Europium (II) is more stable then Cerium (II). Why? [Europium (Z= 63) and Cerium (Z= 58)] – European (II) has
stable configuration [Xe]4f75d06s0 while Ce(II) has the less stable configuration [Xe]4f25d06s0.
(b) Lanthanoids and actinoids are generally coloured. Why? – The colour of lanthanoids and actinoids ions are
due to f-f transitions. When one or more unpaired electrons are present in the f-orbitals, light in the visible
region is absorbed which results in f-f transitions and colour.

Q30. We all know that the magnetic moment of the coordination compounds is linked with the number of unpaired
electrons present in the central atom/ion and the theoretical magnetic moment is calculated by applying the relation
(n(n+2))1/2, where n is the number of unpaired electrons. Magnetic moment of the compound can be measured by
susceptibility measurements. The results can be used to obtain information about the number of unpaired electrons
and the structure adopted by metal complexes. [Mn(CN)6]3- has magnetic moment of two unpaired electrons while
[MnCl6]3- has a magnetic moment of 4 unpaired electrons. [Fe(CN)6]3- has a magnetic moment of a single electron
while [FeF6]3- has a paramagnetism of 5 unpaired electrons. [CoF6]3- is paramagnetic with 4 unpaired electrons while
[Co(C2O4)3]3- is diamagnetic.

(i) For the complex [Fe(en)2Cl2]Cl. Identify the magnetic behaviour of the complex – Paramagnetic due to unpaired
electrons

(ii) How many unpaired electrons are found in Mn2+ ion? – Mn: Z=25. Thus its electronic configuration is [Ar] 3d54s2 .
Therefore Mn2+ is [Ar] 3d5. Thus it has 5 unpaired electrons.

(iii) Magnetic moment of [MnCl4]2- is 5.92BM. Explain giving reason. – The magnetic moment of 5.92BM corresponds
to the presence of 5 unpaired electrons in the d-orbitals of Mn2+. As a result, the hybridisation involved is sp3 rather
than dsp2. Thus, the tetrahedral structure of [MnCl4]2- complex will show 5.29BM magnetic moment value.

OR

Why [Fe(H2O)6]3+ has magnetic moment value of 5.92BM, whereas [Fe(CN)6]3- has a value of only 1.74BM?

[Fe(CN)6]3- involves d2sp3 hybridisation with one unpaired electron and [Fe(H2O)6]3+ involves sp3d2 hybridisation
with 5 unpaired electrons. This difference is due to the presence of strong ligand CN- and weak ligand H2O in these
complexes.
 SECTION E

The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an
internal choice.

Q31. Answer any 5 of the following questions:

(i) What is meant by the term ‘reducing sugars’?
A sugar that can act as a reducing agent is called reducing sugar. For example, glucose which is a reducing
sugar, reduces Tollen’s reagent and Fehling’s solution.
(ii) What are essential and non-essential amino acids in human food? Give an example of both types.
Essential amino acids – Amino acids which cannot be synthesised in the human body and must be
obtained through diet are known as essential amino acids. For example glycine, alanine etc
Non-essential amino acids – the amino acids that can be synthesised in the human body are called non-
essential amino acids. E.g. glycine, alanine etc
(iii) Activation energy for an acid catalysed hydrolysis of sucrose is 6.22 KJmol-1, while the Ea for is only 2.15
kJ mol-1 when hydrolysis is catalysed by the enzyme sucrase. Explain.- Enzymes act as catalysts and
reduce the magnitude of Ea by providing alternative path. In the hydrolysis of sucrose, the enzyme
sucrase reduces Ea from 6.22Kj/mol to 2.15kJ/mol.
(iv) State Raoult’s Law in its general form in reference to solutions –

(v) Explain why the molar conductivity of strong electrolyte increases only slightly with dilution.
Molar conductivity of a strong electrolyte increases only slightly with dilution because the ionisation of A
is almost complete even in concentrated solutions. However, mobility of ions increases on dilution.
(vi) Which will have a higher boiling point – 1-chloroethane or 2-methyl-2-chlorobutane?- 1-chloroethane
has a higher boiling point as it is a straight chain compound. It has a larger surface area and greater Van
der Waal forces of attraction between the molecules.
(vii) Explain why racemic mixture is optically inactive.- Racemic mixture consists of equal amounts of d- and l-
forms. Optical activity of one form is neutralised by the other form. Therefore the mixture is optically
active.

Q32. Answer the following:

A. (i) Calculate the EMF and ΔG of cell reaction for the following at 25°C -S
Mg(s) /Mg2+ (0.001M)// Cu2+ (0.0001M)/Cu (s)
[Given EOMg2+/Mg = -2.37V, EOCu2+/Cu = 0.34V and F= 96500 Cmol-1] (3 marks)
The following reaction takes place in the cell:
Mg (s) → Mg2+ (aq) + 2e
Cu2+(aq) + 2e → Cu (s)
Overall eqn. : Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
Thus n=2
Applying Nernst equation and substituting the values, we get
Ecell = Eo Cu2+/Cu – EoMg2+/Mg – 0.0592/2 log [Mg2+]/[Cu2+]
= 0.34V – (-2.37V)-0.0059/2log(0.001/0.0001)
 = 2.71V – 0.059/2 log10
=2.71V – 0.0295V
= 2.6805V
DeltaG = -nFEcell = -2x96500x2.6805=-517336.5J/mol
(iii) Why does conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution (2 marks)
Conductivity of a solution decreases with dilution because the number of ions per unit volume of the
solution decreases.

OR

Q32. A. Account for the following: (3 marks)

(i) Primary amines have higher boiling point than tertiary amines
Primary amines are engaged in intermolecular association due to H-bonding between the nitrogen of
one and hydrogen of another molecule. This raises the boiling point of the primary amine. There is
no hydrogen in tertiary amines and hence, there is no H-bonding. This primary amines have lower
boiling points than tertiary amines.
(ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedelcraft reactions.
Aniline does undergo Friedelcraft’s reaction due to salt formation with aluminium chloride, which is
only the catalyst in the reaction. Due to this, nitrogen on aniline gets a positive charge and acts as a
strong deactivating group for further reaction
(iii) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
According to inductive effect, (CH3)3N should be more basic (CH3)2NH. According to H-bonding of
substituted ammonium ion, (CH3)2NH should be more basic (CH3)3N. Then there is the steric effect of
the methyl groups. The net result of all of these factors is that (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N.

B. How would you convert the following: (2 marks)

a. Ethanoic acid to methanamine :

b. Nitrobenzene to aniline

Q33) A. Observe the graph in the diagram and answer the following. (3 mark)

(i) If slope is equal to -2.0x 10-6s-1, what will be the value of the rate constant?

(ii) How does the half-life of a zero-order reaction relate to its rate constant ?
 B. Why does the rate of reaction increase with rise in temperature (2 marks)
Fraction of molecules possessing energy greater than the threshold energy increases with rise of
temperature. Hence, the rate of reaction increases with rise in temperature.

OR

Q33. A. Account for the following – (3 marks)

(i) Ti (IV) is more stable than Ti (II) or Ti (III)

Ti has the electronic configuration [Ar]3d24s2. Ti4+ is more stable as it attains the nearest nobl gas
configuration of Ar by losing 4 electrons.
(ii) In case of transition elements, ions of the same charge in a given series show progressive decrease in
radius with increasing atomic mass.
As a new e enters a d-orbital each time, the nuclear charge increases by one. Shielding effect of d-
electrons is not that effective. Hence, the electrostatic attraction between the nucleus and the
outermost electron increases and ionic radius decreases.
(iii) Zn is comparatively a soft metal, while Iron and Chromium are typically hard.
Iron and Cr are hard metals as they have high enthalpy of ionisation due to the presence of unpaired
electrons. Zn has a low enthalpy of ionisation as it has no unpaired electron. Hence it is a
comparatively soft metal.

B. Answer the following- (2 marks)

a. Give the electronic configuration of the d-orbitals of Ti in [Ti(H2O)6]3+ and explain why this complex is
coloured
The electronic configuration of d-orbitals of Ti in [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is [Ar] 3d² 4s0. The compound is
coloured due to d-d transitions.
b. What is the shape of [Ni(CN)4]2-

A. Answer the following questions – (3 marks)

a. Draw the geometrical isomers of complex [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+
b. On the basis of CFT, write the electronic configuration for d4 ion, if Δo>P
The f d-orbitals in a metal ion are degenerate (of equal energy). When the ligands approach the
central metal ion, they experience repulsions. The d-orbitals are split into two groups consisting of 3
orbitals calledt2g orbitals and two orbitals called eg orbitals. The eg orbitals posses greater energy
than t2g orbitals. Till there are three electrons, they will occupy three t2g orbitals singly. If there are
4 electrons in d-orbitals, i.e. d4 configuration, two cases arise –
If Δo>P, then the fourth electron will go to t2g orbital, the electronic configuration will be t2g4 eg0
c. Write the hybridisation type and magnetic behaviour of the complex [Ni(CN)4]2-

d.