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C Input Output

The document provides an overview of input and output functions in C programming, focusing on the usage of printf() for output and scanf() for input. It includes examples demonstrating how to print various data types such as integers, floats, doubles, and characters, as well as how to read user input. Additionally, it lists format specifiers associated with different data types.

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Ashish Rajput
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6 views6 pages

C Input Output

The document provides an overview of input and output functions in C programming, focusing on the usage of printf() for output and scanf() for input. It includes examples demonstrating how to print various data types such as integers, floats, doubles, and characters, as well as how to read user input. Additionally, it lists format specifiers associated with different data types.

Uploaded by

Ashish Rajput
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C Input Output (I/O)

C Output
In C programming, printf() is one of the main output function. The function sends
formatted output to the screen. For example,

Example 1: C Output
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. // Displays the string inside quotations
5. printf("C Programming");
6. return 0;
7. }
Output
C Programming

 All valid C programs must contain the main() function. The code execution begins from
the start of the main() function.
 The printf() is a library function to send formatted output to the screen. The function
prints the string inside quotations.
 To use printf() in our program, we need to include stdio.h header file using #inclue
<stdio.h> statement.
 The return 0; statement inside the main() function is the "Exit status" of the program.
It's optional.

Example 2: Integer Output


1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. int testInteger = 5;
5. printf("Number = %d", testInteger);
6. return 0;
7. }
Output
Number = 5
We use %d format specifier to print int types. Here, the %d inside the quotations will be
replaced by the value of testInteger.

Example 3: float and double Output


1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. float number1 = 13.5;
5. double number2 = 12.4;
6.
7. printf("number1 = %f\n", number1);
8. printf("number2 = %lf", number2);
9. return 0;
10. }
Output
number1 = 13.500000
number2 = 12.400000

To print float, we use %f format specifier. Similarly, we use %lf to print double values.

Example 4: Print Characters


1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. char chr = 'a';
5. printf("character = %c.", chr);
6. return 0;
7. }
Output
character = a

To print char, we use %c format specifier.

C Input
In C programming, scanf() is one of the commonly used function to take input from the
user. The scanf() function reads formatted input from the standard input such as
keyboards.
Example 5: Integer Input/Output
1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. int testInteger;
5. printf("Enter an integer: ");
6. scanf("%d", &testInteger);
7. printf("Number = %d",testInteger);
8. return 0;
9. }
Output
Enter an integer: 4
Number = 4

Here, we have used %d format specifier inside the scanf() function to take int input
from the user. When the user enters an integer, it is stored in the testInteger variable.
Notice, that we have used &testInteger inside scanf(). It is
because &testInteger gets the address of testInteger, and the value entered by the
user is stored in that address.

Example 6: Float and Double Input/Output


1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. float num1;
5. double num2;
6.
7. printf("Enter a number: ");
8. scanf("%f", &num1);
9. printf("Enter another number: ");
10. scanf("%lf", &num2);
11.
12. printf("num1 = %f\n", num1);
13. printf("num2 = %lf", num2);
14.
15. return 0;
16. }
Output
Enter a number: 12.523
Enter another number: 10.2
num1 = 12.523000
num2 = 10.200000
We use %f and %lf format specifier for float and double respectively.

Example 7: C Character I/O


1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. char chr;
5. printf("Enter a character: ");
6. scanf("%c",&chr);
7. printf("You entered %c.", chr);
8. return 0;
9. }
Output
Enter a character: g
You entered g.

When a character is entered by the user in the above program, the character itself is not
stored. Instead, an integer value (ASCII value) is stored.

And when we display that value using %c text format, the entered character is displayed.
If we use %d to display the character, it's ASCII value is printed.

Example 8: ASCII Value


1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. char chr;
5. printf("Enter a character: ");
6. scanf("%c", &chr);
7.
8. // When %c is used, a character is displayed
9. printf("You entered %c.\n",chr);
10.
11. // When %d is used, ASCII value is displayed
12. printf("ASCII value is % d.", chr);
13. return 0;
14. }

Output
Enter a character: g
You entered g.
ASCII value is 103.

I/O Multiple Values


Here's how you can take multiple inputs from the user and display them.

1. #include <stdio.h>
2. int main()
3. {
4. int a;
5. float b;
6.
7. printf("Enter integer and then a float: ");
8.
9. // Taking multiple inputs
10. scanf("%d%f", &a, &b);
11.
12. printf("You entered %d and %f", a, b);
13. return 0;
14. }
Output
Enter integer and then a float: -3
3.4
You entered -3 and 3.400000

Format Specifiers for I/O


As you can see from the above examples, we use

 %d for int
 %f for float
 %lf for double
 %c for char

Here's a list of commonly used C data types and their format specifiers.
Data Type Format Specifier

Int %d

Char %c

Float %f

Double %lf

short int %hd

unsigned int %u

long int %li

long long int %lli

unsigned long int %lu

unsigned long long


int %llu

signed char %c

unsigned char %c

long double %Lf

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