Vol. 14 · March 2015 Vol.

14 March 2015
Print ISSN 2244-1514 • Online ISSN 2244-1522
International Peer Reviewed Journal
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7718/ijss.v14i1.1032
Journal Impact: H Index = 2 from Publish or Perish
This Journal is produced by IAMURE Multidisciplinary Research,
an ISO 9001:2008 certified by the AJA Registrars Inc.

Implementation of Dangerous Drugs

Prevention and Control Programs
in Cebu City
SHELLA DEBBIE N. CONTRIDAS
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-6186
[email protected]
University of Cebu
Cebu City, Philippines

DODELON F. SABIJON
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5219-6186
[email protected]
University of Cebu
Cebu City, Philippines

JASMIN T. BAYRON
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0766-9703
[email protected]
University of Cebu
Cebu City, Philippines

ESMERALDO E. DAMUAG
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-4805
[email protected]
University of Cebu
Cebu City, Philippines

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IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences

DONN A. OBERES
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-4965
[email protected]
University of Cebu
Cebu City, Philippines

Gunning Fog Index: 11.52 Originality: 100% Grammar Check: 99%

Flesch Reading Ease: 46.51 Plagiarism: 0%

ABSTRACT

Dangerous drugs cause side effects to users for they are not a 100% safe as
many people think. The dangers of drug use depend on the drug, set and setting
factors. This study assessed the implementation of the drugs prevention and
control programs of the Philippine National Police (PNP) and auxiliary members
in the selected villages of Cebu City, the Philippines of the year 2014. The
descriptive correlational method of research was used. The study employed
researchers-made questionnaire using convenient sampling method in gathering
information from the respondents. The accumulated data were treated using
simple percentage, weighted mean, rank, and Chi-square test of independence.
The respondents were the 320-barangay officials from selected barangays in the
north and south districts of Cebu City and 40 police personnel in each police
station that has jurisdiction over the selected barangays in the City of Cebu. The
study revealed that most of the respondents are from ages 34-41, males, and
are married. The level of implementation in both educational and rehabilitation
approaches shows that the respondents are implementing the programs. The
law enforcement approach revealed that the respondents are fully implementing
the programs. The most common problems encountered are the lack of regular
funding, lack of cooperation from the community, and lack of facilities for
an individual program. It was concluded that law enforcement approach was
implemented in the prevention and control of the dangerous drugs in Cebu City,
Philippines.

KEYWORDS

Criminal Justice, dangerous drugs, descriptive correlational method,

Philippines
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 Vol. 14 March 2015

INTRODUCTION

The US International Narcotics Control Board (INCB), an independent

monitoring body that implements United Nations international drug control
convention, presented a report contained in the 2011 UN World Drug Report
which indicates, among others, that the Philippines has the highest abuse rate of
methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu in East Asia which accounts for 2.1%
of Filipinos aged 16 to 64 (Cash, 2013; Barrett, 2008). It likewise reported that
China, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Singapore, Thailand and the
Philippines had increased trafficking in heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine
by groups with connections to organized gangs in West Africa and Iran (Paoli and
Reuter, 2008; Brouwer, et al., 2006; Savona, 2000).
While illegal drug trade and drug abuse abound alarmingly in the Philippines,
the government, more than ever, is showing desire for the fight of eradicating the
demand and supply of illegal drugs as well as their trades and abuse. In fact, the
Philippine government has been trying to devise many strategies to address the
threats posed by trafficking in and abuse of methamphetamine and other illegal
drugs and substances. Also, the government seeks to strengthen regional and
international cooperation and support in this concern.
The war on illegal drugs is far from over. Illicit drug trafficking and abuse
remain at an alarming rate and continue to threat to national security (Reynolds,
2008; Lu & Wang, 2008). The findings at the forum conducted by the Justice
Sector Coordinating Council led by the Supreme Court in 2011 revealed that
60% of criminal cases filed in various courts are drug-related (Pollock, 2011).
These facts were fully considered in the subsequent directives set forth for the
revision of the anti-illegal drug strategies of the PNP to further to strengthen its
support mechanism to the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) in the
campaign against illegal drugs nationwide.
Cebu, the Queen City of the South, has been, undeniably, one of the havens
of illicit drugs because of its business boom where an influx of people is very
apparent. The tourism industry has shifted the once conservative Cebu into
a more sophisticated place (Menon, 2000). The movement of individuals and
tourists come by the millions (Parnwell, 2006). The tourism aspect on the other
side has caused the rise of the illegal trades and used in Cebu. These presumptions
alone will not explicitly explain the recurring problem of drugs. The government
must respond to this societal malady if they are to be guided in the inquiry
about the problem. In the last ten years, Cebu became a celebrity because of

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IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences

the spate killings of suspected drug pushers and members of drug syndicates.
There were also arrests and raids that were considered questionable and therefore,
making headlines to the media since almost drugs cases are dismissed by the
Court. Without denying the fact, at present, illegal drugs trade and abuse are
already spiraling to appalling proportions in this country, and this has become
almost the general rule.
The fight is on, but we cannot be complacent because if the government
has resources, so do the drug lords. If police officers, so do the drug lords have
protection. If we have advanced tracking gadgets and high-powered guns, so do
the drug lords and they maybe even have more sophisticated equipment than we
have.
The menace of the proliferation and effects of drugs is everybody’s concern;
it is still upon the shoulders of the government, particularly the Philippine
National Police and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Administration to protect
the society. Thus, at present, these agencies spearheaded intensified strategies and
practices that deal, directly or indirectly, with the illegal drugs trade and abuse.
The PNP hierarchy’s mandate is to curtail the proliferation of illegal drugs
and intensify the aggressive conduct of anti-illegal drug operations. The revived
campaign includes the operationalization of the 5-point anti-illegal drug strategy
that includes demand reduction strategy, supply reduction strategy, and offensive
legal strategy. The policies and practices envisioned by the PNP are implemented
by the law enforcement agencies down the field, why are illegal drug trades
and use subsisting, and even insignificant magnitude? How far has the PNP
Cebu City gone in executing the strategies and practices to curb the illegal drug
problem? What are the bottlenecks in the implementation of the policies and
practices? In addition to these, has the PNP reached out to the community for
intensified cooperation in solving the illegal drug problems?
The researchers who are criminologists by profession believe that there
should be collective efforts to address this very alarming issue. The police alone
are ineffectual in solving the illegal drugs problems. The involvement of the
community and the significant sectors make a good confluence in meeting the
problem head-on. These aspects have spurred the researchers to conduct this
study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Philippine National Police programs
against the proliferation of drugs in Cebu City with the end view of proposing a
recommendation.

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FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

This study is primarily anchored on Robert J. Sampson’s (2006) Collective

Efficacy Theory where he defined collective efficacy as the process of activating or
converting social ties among the neighborhood residents to accomplish collective
goals, such as public order or the control of crime. Collective efficacy stands as a
combined measure of shared expectations for social control and social cohesion
and trust among residents in the neighborhood (Curley, 2010; Sampson, et al.,
2002; Browning and Cagney, 2002). These measures explain the relationship
between neighborhood characteristics such as concentrated poverty and high
levels of residential turnover and crime (Kubrin and Steward, 2006; Sampson and
Wilson, 1995; Smith and Jarjoura, 1988). This theory helps explain one of the
most robust findings in the criminological research that crime is nonrandomly
distributed across geographic space (Tita and Radil, 2011; Ratcliffe, 2010; Tita
and Griffiths, 2005). Determining collective efficacy, there are two approaches to
the measurement and the evaluation of collective efficacy, they are, (1) aggregate
members’ appraisals of their personal capabilities for the functions they perform
in the group, and; (2) aggregate members’ evaluation of their group skills as a
whole (Bandura, 2006; Goddard, et al., 2004).
Collective efficacy is rooted in self-efficacy (Bigley and Steers, 2003). A group
of self-doubters is not molded into an efficacious joint force; a weak link that has
to perform interdependently can spell group failure; a group of highly productive
individuals poorly perform if they do not work well together. Beliefs of collective
efficacy predict level of group performance (Gully, et al., 2002; Chen and Bliese,
2002; Watson, et al., 2001). The stronger the beliefs they hold regarding their
collective capabilities, the more their achievement (Tschannen-Moran and Hoy,
2007; Bandura and Locke, 2003).
Neighborhoods differ in their capacity for efficacious action (Ohmer and
Beck, 2006; Morenoff, et al., 2001). They argue that this variation explains
differences across communities in levels of crime and violence (Levitt, 2004).
On the aspect of trust, collective efficacy theory explicates that people need to
trust local criminal justice agencies (Corcoran, et al., 2011). If people do not
trust the police, the prosecutors, the courts, the correctional institutions, it will
be impossible to develop active neighborhood crime prevention programs and
policies (Wilson, 2013).
In the book of Paoli, et al. (2012), They explored a question, “Can world
heroin production, and more generally, opium supply be reduced, and with what

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IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences

consequences?” They look at this issue and try to find answers by examining
markets’ sizes, participants and their interactions, responses to change. The
production of opium has been made legal under regulatory control in Afghanistan.
Asia’s dominance as an opiate producer where 80% of opium production is found
in Afghanistan, confiscator where two-thirds of seizure is in Asia and consumers
of two-thirds of world supply are in Asia. The supply cannot be easily cut, and the
production continues as Russia’s appetite for heroin is increasing. The amount
can easily be transmitted through Tajikistan, which becomes an essential transit
point for Afghan opiates.
China faced severe and multi-faceted drug problems (Reinarman, 1994). To
curb and eradicate the problem, the new government of China took diverse array
of anti-drug measures to transform China into a drug-free nation, including
extensive mass-line propaganda campaigns, mobilization of the public to identify
drug users, mandatory registration of drug addicts, demands for participation in
drug rehabilitation centers and establishment of neighborhood committees for
purposes of drug surveillance and education. However, China’s success in this
period was unique and unlikely to be replicated even in the modern-day China
(Mheng, 2012; Zhou, 1999).
The PNP’s instruction speaks on revitalization campaign against illegal drugs.
It prescribes the anti-illegal drug strategy for the PNP to strengthen further
its support mechanism to the PDEA against illicit drugs and abuse (Celoy-
Sagpaey, 2012; Sanidad-Leones, 2006). The country tagged as the highest abuse
rate of methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu in East Asia accounting for
2.1 percent of the Filipinos (UN World Drug Report, 2011). The Philippine
government sets a renewed approach and strategy at curbing proliferate illegal
drugs in the country (Creed, 2007).
It is the mission of the PNP, with its concurrent mandate to support PDEA,
to intensify the aggressive conduct of anti-illegal drug operations. The following
operational concepts are lined up for implementation: a) operationalization
of the 5-point anti-illegal strategy; b) retention of the existing anti-illegal
drug operating units at the National, Regional, District, Provincial, City and
Municipal levels; c) adoption of the four-level approach in the conduct of anti-
illegal drug operations; d) creation of an Oversight Committee on Illegal Drugs;
and e) establishment of a sub-committee on Internal Cleansing. The previously
stated operational concepts found their way to be institutionalized and forming
part of the formal control to curb, stop or eradicate the illegal drug problems in
the Philippines.

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Republic Act No. 9165 or commonly known as The Comprehensive

Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 is the consolidation of Senate Bill 1858 and House
Bill 4433. The Senate Bill and House Bill was enacted and passed by the Senate
of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 30,
2002, and May 29, 2002, respectively. This bill was signed into law by President
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 23, 2002. Under this Act, the Dangerous
Drug Board (DDB) remains as the policy-making and strategy-formulating body
in planning and formulation of policies and programs on drugs prevention and
control. This law created the PDEA under the office of the President, which
serve as the implementing arm of the DDB and shall handle the efficient and
effective law enforcement of all the provisions of any dangerous drugs, controlled
precursors and essential chemicals as provided in Republic Act 9165.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

This study assessed the implementation of the dangerous drugs prevention

and control programs of the PNP and auxiliary members in the selected
barangays of Cebu City of the year 2014. The findings of the study were the
basis for the proposed action program. Specifically, it sought to determine the:
1) Profile of the respondents in term of age; civil status; gender; and highest
educational attainment; 2) Level of implementation of the dangerous drugs
prevention and control programs with regard to educational approach; law
enforcement approach; and rehabilitation approach; 3) Problems encountered
by the police officers in implementing the programs against the proliferation of
drugs; 4) Significant relationship between the profile of respondents and level of
implementation in the context of educational approach; law enforcement; and
rehabilitation approach.

METHODOLOGY

The researchers used the descriptive correlational method of research through

the aid of a questionnaire and supplemented with an interview. In compliance
with Research Ethics Protocol, the researchers obtained Informed Consent from
the respondents stipulating their awareness to the purposes of the study, their
agreement to participate as respondents, their freedom not to continue if they
feel uncomfortable with the questions, the welfare they will receive from the
output of the study, and their right to information confidentiality.

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IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences

The researchers used universal data sampling, and the surveys were customized
using as criteria for the respondents in the programs initiated by the Philippine
National Police against the proliferation of drugs. Also, the questions on the
problems encountered were collected by a prior interview or through Internet
researchers.
The locales of the study were the 38 selected villages of Cebu City, Philippines
namely: Bulacao, Quiot, Calamba, Labangon, Buhisan, Guadalupe, Punta
Princesa, Tisa, Inayawan, Kalunasan, Mambaling, Pahina Central, Basak Pardo,
Sawang Calero, Duljo Fatima, Sambag II, Sambag I, Suba, Pasil, Pahina San
Nicolas, Lahug, Kasambagan, Mabolo, Lorega San-Miguel, Luz, Carreta, Apas,
San Jose, Day-as, Sta. Cruz, Ermita, Banilad, Parian, Kamagayan, Toribio Padilla,
Tejero, San Roque, and Hipodromo. Cebu City is highly urbanized city next to
Manila. It is composed of 80 villages from the north to the south district and has
an approximate population of 798,809.
The respondents of this study were the police officers and barangay officials.
The police officers are those assigned to the Police stations found in the selected
barangays while the barangay officials are those elected from Barangay Captain
down to councilors in the City of Cebu in the year 2014.
The questionnaire is composed of three parts. Part I deals with the profile
of the respondents, where the respondents were asked to give some of their
personal circumstances and employment details. Part II concerns with the level
of implementation of the programs against drug proliferation as perceived by the
two groups of respondents. Part III deals with the problems encountered in the
implementation of the programs. The gathered data were treated using simple
percentage, weighted mean, and Chi-square test of independence.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table 1. Profile of the respondents

Frequency Percentage
Age
18 - 25 115 12.26
26 - 33 227 24.20
34 - 41 240 25.59
42 - 49 205 21.86
50 - 57 118 12.58
58 - 65 33 3.52

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Gender
Male 700 74.63
Female 238 25.37
Civil Status
Single 231 24.63
Married 680 72.49
Widow 27 2.88

As shown in Table 1, there were 938 respondents. The respondents of this

study were dominated by the age of 34-41 comprising of 25.59 % of the total
number of interviewees and it is followed by the age of 26-33 that has a total
percentage of 24.20 %. The age bracket ranked as the third is the age of 42-49
comprising of 21.86% of the total number of respondents. The fourth one is the
age of 50-57 that has a total percentage of 12.58%, followed by the age of 18-25
which has a rate of 12.56%, and the least percentage of the age indicators is the
age of 58-65 that only has a 3.52% among the total age indicators rate. As to
the gender, the majority were male comprising of 74.63% of the total number
of respondents while the female respondents have a total of 25.37% of the total
number of respondents. On the part of the civil status of the respondents, the
majority were married with a percentage of 72.49%, followed by the indicator
“Single” with a percentage of 24.63% and the lowest percentage of the civil status
indicators is the “Widow” which only has 2.88%.

Table 2. Level of Implementation against drug proliferation

Mean Interpretation
Educational Approach
1. Drug education campaign in barangays 3.31 Implemented
2. Semitnars and symposia in schools 3.12 Implemented
3. Utilization of mass and broadcast media for 3.05 Implemented
drug education programs
4. Social activities like drama presentation and 2.53 Implemented
movie production
5. Formation of barangay anti- drug abuse 3.12 Implemented
resistance
6. Activation of drug abuse resistance educator 3.03 Implemented
Overall Mean 3.03 Implemented

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Law Enforcement Approach

7. Surveillance program 3.40 Fully implemented
8. Conduct of buy-bust operations 3.33 Fully implemented
9. Mobile checkpoint operations 3.48 Fully implemented
10. Monitoring of drug personalities 3.45 Fully implemented
11. Conduct of raids and arrest 3.40 Fully implemented
12. Investigation of drug-related cases 3.38 Fully implemented
13. Filing of cases in court 3.42 Fully implemented
Overall Mean 3.41 Fully implemented
Rehabilitation Approach
14. Industry livelihood program 2.65 Implemented
15. Sports activities 3.23 Implemented
16. Agricultural livelihood training 2.59 Implemented
17. Alternative learning system 3.15 Implemented
18. Health services 3.19 Implemented
19. Religious services 3.17 Implemented
20. Counseling 3.04 Implemented
21. Family conferencing 2.90 Implemented
Overall Mean 2.99 Implemented

The data showed that the indicators under the educational approach are
implemented by the respondents. With the indicator number 1 as the highest
among the indicators under the same approach, followed by the symbols 2 and
five which has a same weighted mean of 3.12 and followed by index three which
has a weighted mean of 3.05 and the last is indicator six which has a weighted
mean of 3.03. It is most likely that the respondents have not failed to perform
their duties and responsibilities in informing the public about the harmful effects
of drug abuse on their health and way of living. The data also revealed that
out of 7 indicators that comprise 100 % of the programs carried out by the
respondents are fully implemented as to law enforcement approach. Under the
same approach, indicator 3 has the highest weighted mean of 3.48 it is followed
by index four (4) which has a weighted mean of 3.45. Third, is the indicator
seven (7) which has a weighted mean of 3.42 and followed by symbols 1 and
five (5) which has a same weighted mean of 3.40. The next one is indicator six
(6) which has a weighted mean of 3.38 and lastly would be indicator two (2)
which has a weighted mean of 3.33. It is most likely that the respondents did

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their job; however, there are lapses in executing certain programs where they
permit their personal feelings, prejudices, animosities, friendships or to influence
their decisions. And also, it is in the line of duty of the law enforcers to carry out
the programs under this approach such as the mobile checkpoint operations,
buy-bust operation and other programs as indicated by the law enforcement
approach. It shows that among the identified indicators for police approach the
law enforcers used the mobile checkpoint operations in deterring the commission
of crime and apprehending of criminals. The level of implementation as to the
rehabilitation approach shows some of the programs that were identified by the
researchers in which the respondents used as means of rehabilitating drug users
in their respective areas revealed that the respondents are implementing the
programs in which it has an aggregate mean of 2.99 interpreted as applied. In the
rehabilitation approach, the highest weighted mean is indicator two (2) which is
the sports activities with a weighted mean of 3.23. It is followed by index 5 with
a weighted mean of 3.19. The third one is index six (6) which has a weighted
mean of 3.17; it is followed by indicator 4 with a weighted mean of 3.15. The
next one is index seven (7) which has a weighted mean of 3.04; it is followed by
indicator 8 with a weighted mean of 2.90. The next one is index one (1) which
has a weighted mean of 2.65; the last one is index three which as a weighted mean
of 2.59.
Only indicator number 3 which shows the “Agricultural livelihood training”
was found less applicable by the respondents. It is most likely that the location
of their barangays is in the urban areas, and there is the insufficiency of land for
some of the programs. There is no financial support from the local government
or insufficient budget allocated off for the program.

Table 3. Problems encountered in the implementation of dangerous drugs

Indicators Mean Rank
1. Lack of regular funding 720 1
2. Lack of cooperation from the community 693 2
3. Lack of facilities for a certain program 494 3
4. Unwillingness of the community to participate in different 437 4
information drives and symposia relating to illegal drugs
5. Lack of support from the higher authorities 390 5
6. Counseling programs are not regularly done 382 6
7. Allocation of funding for a modernized and efficient dissemination 329 7
of information

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8. Inadequate support of family members 310 8

9. Indifference of people for drug related issues 293 9
10. Less support from the local government unit 281 10
11. Lacking of training modules and trainers 280 11
12. The law enforcers themselves are illegal drug users 278 12
13. Lack of coordination between police personnel and barangay 275 13
officials
14. Lack of coordination between police and other law enforcement 267 14
agencies
15. Insufficient orientation of police personnel with regards to the 241 15
proper implementation of anti-drug proliferation programs
16. The law enforcers themselves are the drug protectors 239 16
17. Lack of confidence on the part of the participants of the program 234 17
18. Lack of training of police officers in handling drug investigation 177 18
19. Others 13 19

The data as mentioned above revealed that among the 19 indicators,

shows that indicators 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are the common problems faced by the
respondents in implementing the programs as to educational, law enforcement
and rehabilitation approaches. It is because in applying for a program it will not
be successful or efficient without funding that will sustain the equipment and
materials necessary to carry out the program. It is imperative to have funding,
cooperation of the benefactors which is the community and adequate facilities
to achieve the goal of implementing such programs. While indicators 14, 15, 16,
17, and 18 are the problems rarely encountered by the respondents because of
the maturity and being a professional individual of each of the respondents. The
problems in which the respondents rarely encountered are considered to be minor
problems such problems may be solved by mere meetings or memorandum from
the higher authorities since the person involved in these issues happened to be
professionals and could understand a simple objective.
Table 4 shows the importance of data as to age, gender and civil status of the
respondents towards the different approaches namely: educational approach, law
enforcement approach and rehabilitation approach.

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Table 4. Relationship between the respondents’ profile and the level

implementation of dangerous drugs
Computed Table
df Result
Chi-Square Chi-Square
Age and
Educational Approach 18.193 24.996 15 Not Significant
Law Enforcement Approach 106.715 24.996 15 Significant
Rehabilitation Approach 13.131 24.996 15 Not Significant
Gender and
Educational Approach 2.203 7.815 3 Not Significant
Law Enforcement Approach 16.987 7.815 3 Significant
Rehabilitation Approach 4.667 7.815 3 Not Significant
Civil Status and
Educational Approach 45.356 12.592 6 Significant
Law Enforcement Approach 26.676 12.592 6 Significant
Rehabilitation Approach 4.860 12.592 6 Not Significant

Based on the Chi- square distribution, the null hypothesis for the relationship
between the age, the educational and the rehabilitation approach are rejected,
because it is interpreted as not significant since the age will not affect the
implementation of those programs against proliferation of illegal drugs because
at any age anyone will be able to know or to teach someone to what would be
the harmful effects of the illicit drugs once it is introduced into our body and get
addicted to it. It does not require age to educate an individual with regards to the
effects of the illegal drugs. While the null hypothesis for the relationship between
the age and law enforcement approach is accepted, because the interpretation
shows that it is significant. The higher the age, the more they are expert in
handling those drug cases. The longer they are in the law enforcement service,
the more they have experienced in dealing with drug-related cases. The null
hypothesis for the relationship between the gender and educational approach
and rehabilitation approached are rejected. The interpretation shows that it
is not significant since the gender will not affect the implementation of those
programs against the proliferation of illegal drugs. While the null hypothesis for
the relationship between the gender and law enforcement approach is accepted
since it is interpreted as significant. It is significant in a way that in apprehending
a drug user or pusher the male should be the one to execute the apprehension
due to the fact that most of the criminals do resist when they are arrested, and it

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IAMURE International Journal of Social Sciences

requires a superior strength to subdue the criminals and only male law enforcers
have the capacity to do so. And in times of pursuing a drug pusher or users
the male should be the one to do so. The null hypothesis for the relationship
between the civil status, the educational approach and law enforcement plan are
accepted. Because the data revealed that it is interpreted as significant since a
married individual does know how to deal with complicated situations and will
most likely have a real discretion considering the consequences of the decision
they have made. Meanwhile, the null hypothesis for the relationship between
the civil status and rehabilitation approach is rejected because it is interpreted as
not significant. It is most likely in rehabilitation it does not matter if you are a
married or single individual as long as you undergo the process of improvement
or as long as people know how to deal a person being rehabilitated into your
facility or institution.

CONCLUSION

The study concluded that most of the respondents used the law enforcement
approach as means in the implementation of the dangerous drugs prevention
and control programs. This approach may not be too surprising because the
respondents are the persons in authorities concerned in the fight against drug
proliferation. The PNP should design special training to provide law enforcement
officers, and Barangay officials with knowledge and know-how in dangerous
drugs, and controlled precursors and essential chemicals control in coordination
with the PDEA Regional Office.

TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH

The outcome of this study entitled “Implementation of dangerous drugs

prevention and control programs in Cebu City” had been translated into an
action plan and was used by the 11 PNP Stations in Cebu City. This program
ensures the full attainment of the devised plans to lessen drug-related cases
through shared fulfillment the responsibility of eradicating the societal dilemma
of dangerous drugs.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

The city government should allocate more funding in the information drives
about drug abuse and train each personnel on how to encourage the community
to participate in the different programs they devised against drug proliferation.

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