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Lesson Note On Physical and Health Education JSS3 Second Term

The document outlines a lesson plan for Physical and Health Education for JSS3 during the second term, covering various topics such as drug use and abuse, benefits of physical fitness, gymnastics, traditional dances, computer games, nutrition for special groups, and martial arts. Each week includes specific content, activities, evaluations, and reading assignments to enhance students' understanding of health-related topics. The plan emphasizes the importance of physical fitness, nutrition, and the consequences of drug misuse among young people.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
104 views30 pages

Lesson Note On Physical and Health Education JSS3 Second Term

The document outlines a lesson plan for Physical and Health Education for JSS3 during the second term, covering various topics such as drug use and abuse, benefits of physical fitness, gymnastics, traditional dances, computer games, nutrition for special groups, and martial arts. Each week includes specific content, activities, evaluations, and reading assignments to enhance students' understanding of health-related topics. The plan emphasizes the importance of physical fitness, nutrition, and the consequences of drug misuse among young people.

Uploaded by

davetom429
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson Note on Physical and Health

Education JSS3 Second Term


 15 minutes read

Physical and Health Education E-Learning


Note JSS3 (BASIC 9) Second Term –
Edudelight.com
SCHEME OF WORK

WEEKS: TOPICS

1. Revision of work done for last term.

2. Drug use, miss-use and Abuse: (a) Meaning of drug use, miss-use and
abuse.(b)categories of drugs –(i)prescription of drug /medicines.(ii)non
prescription of drugs/medicines.(iii)gateway drug.(iv)Psychoactive drug.
(c)Health consequences of drug misuse and abuse.(d) ways of preventing
drug misuse and abuse among young people.

3. Benefit of physical fitness exercises: (a) Benefits derived from physical


fitness exercises.(b)factors that influence physical fitness.

4. Gymnastics (Floor Activities): (a) stunts and tumbling e.g forward roll,
head stand and crab walks, cat wheel, frog jump etc. (b).classification of
floor activities. (c) Values of floor activities.

5. Traditional social Dances (a) pre- colonial or folk dances like atilogwu in
Igbo land, fuji and juju in Yoruba, sharo –fulani and langa in Hausa. (b)
Social dances, like reggae, disco, highlife, samba, calypso, rumba and
classical.

6. Computer Games:

(a) Types of computer games like tennis, scrabble, cricket, and soccer.

(b) Values of Computer games


7. Nutrition for special Groups: (a) nutrition for school children (b) nutrition
for adolescents. (c) Nutrition for Athletes, (d) nutrition for the sick and the
convalescent.

8. Martial Arts: (a) Taekwondo – origin of taekwondo. (b) History of


taekwondo in Nigeria. (c) Importance of taekwondo. (d) Rules regulations and
officiating in taekwondo. Boxing: (d) history of boxing. (e) Boxing in Nigeria e.
g. Dambe. (f) Skills and techniques in boxing. (g) Rules regulations and
officiating in boxing.

9. Swimming: (a) Crawl/free style stroke – (i) breast stroke, (ii) back stroke,
(iii) butterfly stroke. (b)Types of competition (c) Officiating in swimming – (i)
officials and their duties, (ii) various completion/events

10. Communicable Diseases: (a) nature of (i) measles, (ii) malaria, (iii) mumps,
(iv) pneumonia, (v) poliomyelitis, (vi) ring worm, (vii) rubella, (viii) cold, (ix)
Whooping cough, (x) tetanus, (xi) cholera, (xii) gonorrhoea,(xiii) syphilis. (b)
Mode of transmission of the communicable diseases. (c) Diseases causative
agents. (d) Prevention measure

11. Revision.

12. Examination.

WEEK: 1.

Activity: REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK.

WEEK: 2.

Topic: DRUG USE, MISUSE AND ABUSE

DATE:…………………………

Content: i. meaning of drug use, misuse abuse.

ii. Categories of drugs.


iii. Health consequences of drug misuse and abuse.

iv. Ways of preventing drug misuse and abuse among young people.

Sub-Topic: MEANING OF DRUG:

Drug is any chemical substance used for curing, treatment, diagnosis or for
preventing diseases. Drug can also be used to reduce weight and to relief
someone from any form of symptoms.

DRUG USE

This refers to the taking of medication for an intended purpose, in an


appropriate amount , frequency, strength and proper manner.

However, it has been discovered that most people often divert from the
original purpose for which drugs were meant.

Drug misuse

Drug misuse is the practice of using drugs for pleasure rather than for medical
reasons. It is the use of drugs without medically valid prescription. Even when
drugs are prescribed , they may be misused if not taken in the right quantity,
dosage and length of time.

Drug abuse

Drug abuse is the indiscriminate, deliberate, excessive and persistent taking of


chemical substances for purpose other than medical effect on the drug taker’s
mental, physical, social and emotional health.

Read Also

Music Lesson Note Literature in


JSS3 (Basic 9) English Lesson note
Second Term SS2 Second Term
Categories of drugs:

1. Stimulants

2. Narcotics

3. Tranquilizers

4. Psychedelic or hallucinogens

5. Depressants, sedatives or hypnotics.

Health Consequences Of Drug Misuse And Abuse

When drugs are misused or abused, they have serious consequences on the
user.

Such consequences include:

(a). Damage to organs e.g. brain, kidney, liver etc.

(b).Criminal tendencies.

(c). sociopathic behaviours e.g. rape.

(d).Lying and stealing to buy drugs.

(e). Loss of job due to declining productivity.

(f). Reduced coordination and neuromuscular control.

(g). Development of high blood pressure.

(h). Impaired judgement, leading to accidents.

(i). Frustration Leading to suicide tendencies.

(j).Physical disability or death.

Prevention of drug abuse/misuse among young people


Drug misuse and abuse among young can be prevented through the following
ways:

1. Educating the public on dangers of using drugs.

2. Government ban on proliferation and sale of drug.

3. Banning sale of drugs near institution of learning.

4. Investigating social relationships and sources of drugs when found.

5. Placing a ban on sale of drugs to children.

6. Informing the home about the child’s behaving.

7. Giving health talk and true life stories to students.

8. Using reformed users as resource person.

9. Taking students on visits to psychiatric and rehabilitation centres’

10. Giving individual or group counselling.

11. Encouraging alternatives to drugs; for example sports, games and


athletics.

12. Giving referrals to experts early enough.

13. Radio jingles and adverts motivating against use of drugs.

14. Treatment and rehabilitation.

EVALUATION

What is drug?

Mention the categories of drugs.

READING ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 Pg 61-63

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

List five health consequences drugs.

Mention seven ways of preventing drug misuse and abuse.

WEEK 3

Topic: BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS EXERCISE.


DATE…………………………….

CONTENT: (a). Benefits derived from physical fitness exercises.

(b). Factors that influences physical fitness.

Sub-Topic 1: BENEFITS DERIVED FROM PHYSICAL FITNESS EXERCISES.

Physical exercise is the ability of an individual to carry out his or her daily
activities without undue or unnecessary fatigue or tiredness and still have
enough energy for any emergency.

Physical fitness is all about one’s physical capacity to do any physical task or
activity. Physical fitness is thus an aspect of total fitness.

Body conditioning is engaging the body in regular and carefully selected


physical activities to promote physical fitness and health.

HEALTH RELATED BENEFITS.

1. Flexibility.

2. Resistance.

3. Body composition.

4. Cardiovascular and cardio-respiratory endurance.

5. Muscular endurance.

6. Muscular strength.

7. Power.

8. Good posture.

9. Aesthetic values and positive self image.

10. Longevity.

PERFORMANCE RELATED BENEFITS


1. Coordination.

2. Agility.

3. Balance.

4. Reaction time.

5. Speed.

6. Accuracy.

7. High productivity.

Sub-Topic 2: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES PHYSICAL FITNESS

Such factors include:

1. Heredity.

2. Nutrition.

3. Regular exercise.

4. Body type.

5. Health status.

6. Regular medical check up.

7. Rest and sleep.

8. Age.

Body conditioning is engaging the body in regular and carefully selected


physical activities to promote physical fitness and health.

Body conditioning activities

1. Weight training.

2. Repetition training.

3. Circuit training.

4. Anaerobic exercise.

5. Aerobic exercise.

6. Long distance and road walking.

7. Fart-lek training.
EVALUATION

What is physical fitness?

Define body conditioning.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 Pg 85-87

Write short notes on the following:

(a)Heredity (b) Nutrition (c) Regular exercise.

WEEK 4

Topic: GYMNASTICS (FLOOR ACTIVITIES)

CONTENT: i. Stunts and Tumbling and Classification of floor activities.

ii. Values of floor activities.

Sub-Topic 1: STUNTS AND TUMBLING.

Floor activities are the activities performed on mat, foam or floor. They are also
known as stunts. Tumbling is the activities involving springing, rolling, twisting
and turning of the body.

CLASSIFICATION OF FLOOR ACTIVITIES.

Floor activities can be classified into the following:

(a). Stunts activities (individual or with a partner).

(b). Tumbling activities.

(c). Balancing activities.

They are all performed without apparatus.


Stunts (without partner)

These include:

1. frog jump.

2. Push up.

3. Cycling in the air.

4. Trunk curl.

5. Sit up.

6. Rabbit jump.

Stunts (with partner)

These include:

1. Cock fight.

2. See –saw.

3. Wheel barrow.

4. Fireman lift.

5. Lift the log.

6. Chinese get- up.

7. Leg wrestling.

Stunts (group)

Pyramids.

Tumbling activities.
1. Forward roll.

2. Backward roll.

3. Cartwheel.

4. Dive forward roll.

5. Head stand.

6. Hand stand.

7. Side roll.

8. Front somersault.

9. Back somersault.

10. Head spring.

Sub-Topic 2: VALUES OF FLOOR ACTIVITIES.

1. It develops courage.

2. It develops physical fitness.

3. It develops safety skills.

4. It provides the means of livelihood.

5. It improves body posture.

6. It develops alertness.

7. It develops coordination and balance.

8. It develops a wide range of movement patterns.

9. It develops beauty of movement.

10. It develops mental and creative ability.

EVALUATION

1. What are floor activities?

2. List five floor activities.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 pg 67-83

1. Classify gymnastic activities.

2. List five values of gymnastic.


WEEK 5

TOPIC: TRADITIONAL SOCIAL DANCES.

DATE: ………………………..

CONTENT: i. Pre – colonial or folk dances.

ii. Social dances.

Sub-Topic 1: PRE – COLONIAL OR FOLK DANCES.

Pre-colonial or folk dance is indigenous dance in a locality. It is characterised


by :

1. A defined pattern of music and movement.

2. A defined pattern of dressing.

3. Dramatising to portray the Culture of the people in locality.

Nigeria has so many cultural dances which differ from one ethnic group to
another. Examples of traditional dance are:

1. In Igbo Land, the folk dances are:

(a). Atilogwu dance.

(b). Egwu Odinala.

(c). Npokiti.

(d). Oyoyo.

(e). Ohafia war dance.

In Hausa Land the folk dances are:

(a).Sharo dance.
(b).Goge.

(c). Kalangu.

(d).Nakiya da garuma.

(e).Ranam Takai.

(f). Swage (Tiv).

In Yoruba Land the folk dances are:

(a). Apepe.

(b). Bata dance.

(c). Bolojo.

(d). Eyo.

(e). Obutun.

(f). Okorobo.

Sub-Topic 2: SOCIAL DANCES

Social dances are indigenous dances and other foreign dances that are
imported.

Examples of foreign Social dance:


1. Break dance.

2. Calypso

3. Conga.

4. Hip hop.

5. Jazz.

6. Makosa.

7. Pop.

8. Reggae.

9. Rock-‘n’-roll.

10. Waltz.

EVALUATION

1. What is folk dance?

2. Mention three foreign dances?

3. Mention one example each of Yoruba, Hausa and Igbo folk dance.

READING ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper Basic PHE for Js 3 Pg 85-87

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. Mention three occasions when people dance?

2. Explain social dance.

List four costumes for Traditional dance.

WEEK: 6

DATE:…………………………

TOPIC: COMPUTER GAME

CONTENTS: i. Types of computer games

1. Values of computer games


Sub-Topic 1: TYPES OF COMPUTER GAMES

Cricket

Soccer

Scrabble

Volleyball

Golf

Badminton

Handball

Badminton

Handball

Nature park

Beach rally

Play station

Basketball

Table tennis

Nature park

Beach rally

Play station

Basketball

Table tennis

Sub-Topic 2: VALUES OF COMPUTER GAMES

1. It creates fun and entertainment.

2. It sharpens the brain.

3. It is used for recreation.

4. It serves as a tonic for fatigue.

5. It is designed for educational purpose.

6. It reduces tension.

EVALUATION:
1. Mention four (4) types of computer game?

2. State four (4) values of computer game?

READING ASSIGNMENT:

Basics of PHE by al—Hassan Bello book three (3) pages 74—-76.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. What is computer Game?

2. Mention three (3) parts of computer which can be used to play the game.

3. Discuss the disadvantages of computer game

WEEK: 7

TOPIC: NUTRITION FOR SPECIAL GROUP.

CONTENTS:

Nutrition for school children

Nutrition for adolescents

Nutrition for athletes

Nutrition for the sick and convalescent.

Sub-Topic 1: Definition of nutrition

Nutrition is the science of food and its relation to health. It includes good diet,
digestion and metabolism.

NUTRITION FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN

In this case food rich in proteins is given to school children. E.g. beverages (tea,
cereal, milk) Milk and egg are compulsory for the children daily. It is the body
building food.
NUTRITION FOR ADOLESCENTS

In addition to what is in the school children, adults also need proteins as well
as carbohydrate to complete his food dosage.

NUTRITION FOR ATHLETES

This can be grouped into three. They are:

1. Pre—competition menu: athletes should eat 3-5 hours before the


competition preferably light food, although the choices of food depend on
each athlete.

2. During competition menu: protein supply food as well as carbohydrate is


needed to replace lost energy.

3. Post—competition menu: after any competition the athlete or player


looks very tired. A liquid substance such as soft drink, fruit juice should be
given including a rich food.

NUTRITION FOR THE SICK AND THE CONVALESCENT

Obey the doctor directive

Choose easily digestible food and avoid oily and fatty food.

Avoid too seasoning food

Eat balanced diet

EVALUATION:

1. What is nutrition?

2. Justify the needs of nutrition for athletes and convalescent.

READING ASSIGNMENT:

Bounty upper basic and PHE bk3 page 91-96


WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. In how many groups can you put nutrition for athletes? List them.

2. Prepare a time table meal for the following groups of people

a. School children

b. Adolescent

c. Athlete

WEEK 8

Topic: MARTIAL ARTS.

CONTENTS: 1.Taekwondo – origin of taekwondo) history of taekwondo in


Nigeria

Importance of taekwondo

Rules regulations and officiating in taekwondo

2. Boxing:

– History of boxing

– Boxing in Nigeria e. g. Dambe

– Skills and techniques in boxing

– Rules regulations and officiating in boxing

Sub-Topic 1: ORIGIN OF TAEKWONDO

Taekwondo is founded by Koreans in the 20th Century it is a Korean National


sport.

Taek means to kick or to destroy with foot kwon means to punch with the fist
and do means way or art.
HISTORY OF TAEKWONDO

The Koreans exposed their skills after a long study of the karate and kunfun
arts and came out with the final result known as taekwondo today. The game
dated back from1910 to 1945 many schools were founded to develop the
martial arts such as: Mudokwan, odokwan, changmukwan, chongdokwan and
yonmukwan.

The father of modern taekwondo is General Choi Hong Hi taught a


combination of karate and taekyon to his soldiers. He founded international
taekwondo federation in Canada (ITF) IN 1968. He died in 2002.

However the world taekwondo federation was founded in 1973 by South Korea
with the first taekwondo championship in May 1973

In July 1980, the international Olympic Committee recognized the (WTF) and
taekwondo was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Olympic game It has been
an official events since the 2000 Olympic Games.

Taekwondo was admitted to the Asian Games as an official event in 1984. Since
the death of the founder Choi—Hong Hi, the ITF has splintered into three
major groups ITF Canada ITF Austria ITF North korea.

HISTORY OF TAEKWONDO IN NIGERIA

Taekwondo was introduced into Nigeria by the Avorian Master Aikpa Aime in
1975 and was embraced by many people, two association later evolved in
Nigeria the NNTA and UNTA.

In 1983 the federal government requested the Korean government to send two
Korean experts Mr. Moo Cheun Kim and Mr. Jhoo Rae Pak (both of the WTF) to
instruct the Nigeria army. In 1986, taekwondo association of Nigeria (TAN) was
formed.

IMPORTANCE OF TAEKWONDO
1. It develops an appreciation for taekwondo as a sports and an art.

2. It achieves physical fitness through positive participation.

3. It improves mental discipline and emotional equanimity.

4. It helps to learn self defence skills.

5. It develops a sense of responsibility for one self and others.

RULES AND REGULATIONS

1. A player should not fight on the street.

2. A beginner should always use what he was taught during the practice and
combat.

3. Player should feel better before going into fighting.

4. He must follow or obey referee instructions.

5. He must not abuse the referee.

6. He must not complain during the fight.

7. He should always look in the eyes of the opponent before and during the
combat and especially when greeting at the beginning of the combat.

8. A player must knot his belt very well.

OFFICIALS

REFEREE: he has the final say. He starts and stops the game. He penalizes and
awards points.

THE JUDGES: they assist the referee in the match.

RECORDER: they keep the records of the events.

Sub-Topic 2: BOXING

Boxing is also called the manly art of self defence. It is a sport in which two
competitors or contestants try to hit each other with their glove encased fist
while trying to avoid each other blows.

The competition is divided into a specified number of rounds usually three (3)
minutes log with one minutes rest period between rounds, although amateur
boxing is widespread.

HISTORY OF BOXING

Boxing is as old as man; it began when a person first lifted a fist against
another in play. First fighting was first played in Olympic Games in about 688 B.
C.

Early boxers fought with leather bands around their fist for protection and
sometimes wore metal filled leather hand covering called Cesti. Boxing in the
past used to resolve in bloody class but was revived in the 18th century in
England.

Boxing became a workman sports as prize fight attracted participants and


spectators from the working class.

Modern boxing started in 1866 when Marques of Queen Berry gave new set
of rule of three (3) minutes rounds with one (1) minute rest in between.

SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BOXING

The stance

Foot work

Guarding

Uppercut

Undercut

Straight knuckle

Dodging

Blocking

Jabbing

Ducking

RULES AND REGULATIONS


1. No boxer is allowed to be with dangerous objects

2. There should be no hitting below the belt

3. There should be no slapping with the palm

4. Dragging or pushing of an opponent is not allowed

5. Kicking in boxing is not allowed

6. The referee command should be strictly obeyed

7. Each boxer must greet the trainer of his opponent after the bout.

8. A boxer shall only be allowed to engaged an opponent within the same


weight category

9. The head butt is not allowed in boxing

10. Every amateur boxer should wear a head protector.

EVALUATION:

1. Give a brief history of boxing

2. Mention five skills in boxing

READING ASSIGNMENT:

Bounty upper basic PHE bk3 page114-121

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. State four rules and regulations of boxing

2. When did modern boxing started.

3. Mention five benefits of swimming

WEEK 9

TOPIC: SWIMMING

CONTENT:
Definition

Basic strokes

Types of competition or various competition events

Officiating in swimming

Officials and their duties

Sub-Topic 1: DEFINITION

Swimming is an act of moving the legs and arms in water called strokes.

STROKES IN SWIMMING

Crawl or front crawl

Back stroke

Butterfly stroke

Breast stroke

Others are:

Side stroke

Spring board diving

Treading water

TYPES/ VARIOUS COMPETITION EVENTS

The following are the events for competition

1. 100m

2. 5oom

3. 1,200m

4. Freestyle

5. 50m dash.

Sub-Topic 2: OFFICIALS AND THEIR DUTIES

Commissioner of the game: He is to see the smooth running of the game.


The two referees: they stand one at each breath of the swimming pool to
detect the error committed by the swimmers.

Two assistant referees: they help the referee during the competition.

The starter: he gives the signal at the starting of the game.

The recall starter: a recall starter is the one who signals with flag if there is any
abnormality in the starting point.

Eight linesmen: they monitor the arrival of each swimmer.

Chief time keeper: the chief time keeper keeps the record of time.

Chief Judge: he has the final say during the game.

The finishing judge: this is the official in-charge of arrival.

EVALUATION

1. Define swimming?

2. Mention four (4) strokes in swimming.

3. List four (4) events in swimming

4. State five (5)benefits of swimming

READING ASSGNMENT:

Bounty upper basic physical and health education book 3 pages 122-128.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. Identify five officials in swimming and state their duties.

2. What is the length of a standard swimming pool?

WEEK 10

TOPIC:- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES


CONTENTS:1. Definition of communicable diseases: Nature;Types;Mode of
transmission

2. Diseases causative/agents; Preventive measure

Sub-Topic 1: DEFINITION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

DEFINITION:

Communicable diseases are diseases that can be spread from one person to
another.

Diseases can be defined as harmful change that interferes with the normal
structure, appearance or function of the body which may not be a direct
result of the physical injury.

TYPES OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

Small pox

Polio

Measles

Meningitis

Influenza

Cholera

Aids

Whooping cough

Chicken pox

Ringworm
Tuberculosis

MODE OF TRANSSMISSION

Communicable diseases can retransferred from one person to another in the


following ways

1. Body contact

2. Dirty fingers

3. Animal bites

4. Mosquito bites

5. Through the air

6. Through clothing

7. Through drinking of dirty water

Sub-Topic 2: Diseases causative/agents

1. Water

2. Air

3. Food

4. Insects

5. Micro-organism

6. Over-crowding

PREVENTION OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES


1. Adequate nutrition

2. Clean environment such as home school etc.

3. Use of safe water

4. Proper disposal of refuse and sewage

5. Immunization

6. Regular medical check up

7. People infected should be isolated

8. The use of disinfectant

9. Use of insecticide

10. Personal hygiene and environmental sanitation.

EVALUATION:

1. What is communicable diseases

2. Mention five (5) types of communicable diseases

READING ASSIGNMENT: Bounty Upper basic PHE BK 3 Pg 132-137.

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT:

1. List four agents of communicable diseases

2. Mention five (5) ways of preventing communicable diseases

TOPIC: The human body (Skeletal system


and Movement)
CONTENT:1. Human skeleton

2. Functions of the skeleton

3. Parts of the body responsible for movement e.g

4. Bones, muscles and joints.

5. Importance of movement to human beings:


Sub-Topic 1: Human skeleton

Bones are of hard chemical materials called Calcium (II)Tetraoxophosphate (IV),


Calcium (II) Trioxocarbonate(IV).These are living cells that can grow.

The parts of the body responsible for movement are bones, joints and muscles.
Human body is built on supporting framework of bones called Skeleton.
Skeletons are bony structures, which give animals rigidity, support and also
protect delicate organs of the body.

Human skeletal system

Skeleton could be divided into two main groups:

1 Axial skeleton

2 Appendicular skeleton

1 Axial skeleton

This consists of the skull, the vertebral column or back bones and the rib
cage.There are up to 80 bones

of axial skeleton.

2 Appendicular skeleton. This consists of the bones of the limbs and limb
girdles. The limbs are the fore limbs (arms) and the hind limbs (legs and
feet).The girdles are the pectoral (shoulder) and the pelvic girdles (hip).The
appendicular skeleton has up to 126 bones.

Functions of the skeleton

1It provides support for the body.

2 it protects vital organs.


3 It gives shape to the body.

4 It provides surface for attachment of muscles for movement

5 Red blood cells are formed in the bone marrow.

6 Bones store salt (calcium and phosphorus).

Sub-Topic 2: Muscles and Joints

Muscles are bundles of elastic substance in an animal body. Muscles are


attached to bones by means of tendons. Muscles are made up of many tiny
cells, which are held together by thin strands of connective tissues .A tight
cord which holds bones together is called ligament. A flexible connective
tissue which is found between one vertebra and the other is called Cartilage. It
serves as shock absorber which prevents the bones from wearing out.

Types of muscles

1 Skeletal muscle: These attached to the bones of the skeleton which help to
move.

2 Smooth muscles: These lined many structures in our body such as intestine
and blood vessels.

3 Cardiac muscles: Are special striped muscles with the ability to work
continuously.

Joints

The point where two bones meet is called a joint. The bones are actually held
together by rope-like materials called ligament.

Types of joints

1 Ball and socket joints: These allow free rotation of the bones e.g the hip
bones.
2 Pivot joint: This is found only in the neck bone. It allows the rotation of the
head on the neck. It also permits nodding and limited bending movements.

3 Hinge joint: This allows movement in one direction only e.g elbow joint.

4 Gliding /sliding joint: This allows the sliding, twisting or turning of one bone
over another e.g joints at the wrist, ankle joint.

5 Suture joint: This is found in the skull.

Sub-Topic 3: Importance of movement to human beings

Human beings move in order to

1 Look for food

2 For reproduction/sexual partner

3 To run away from danger.

4 To look for shelter and safety.

5 To respond to environment.

6 To celebrate with each other /attend social functions.

7 To practice profession of their choice to earn a living.

8 To keep themselves and their surroundings neat and tidy.

9 To enjoy themselves.

EVALUATION: 1 Mention the importance of movement to human beings.

2 List types of joints and muscles.

3 Explain the following: a Tendon b Cartilage c Ligament.


WEEK 10: REVISION

WEEK 11: EXAMINATION

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